IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


5r 


^         ^ 

^ 


I!  1.0 


I.I 


■a  Hie    |25 

u  HA 

2.0 


iM 


M 


IL25  1111.4 


11^  i 


1.6 


6" 


Fhotc)gFaphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRUT 

WiBSTiR,N.Y.  14580 

(716)S72-4S03 


4 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICiVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  (nstitute  for  Historical  IVIicroreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tacliniquaa  at  bibiiographiquaa 


Tha  inatltuta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibllographicaily  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


□    Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damagad/ 


D 


D 


n 


D 


Couvartura  andommagAa 


Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurta  at/ou  palliculia 


□   Covar  titia  rtiaaing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I     I   Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartas  gAographiquaa  an  coulaur 

Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  biua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I — I   Colourad  platas  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  o^har  matarial/ 
RalM  avac  d'autraa  documanta 


Tight  binding  may  cauaa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  r«  liura  sarria  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  intAriaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibla.  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainaa  pagas  blanchas  ajouttas 
lors  d'una  raatauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  taxta, 
mais.  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibla,  cas  pagaa  n'ont 
pas  AtA  fiimAaa. 


L'Instltut  a  microfilm*  la  maiilaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possibla  da  sa  procurar.  Las  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniquas  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua.  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  da  filmaga 
aont  iiidiquis  ci-dassous. 


Tl 
to 


r~~|  Colourad  pagas/ 


Pagaa  da  coulaur 

Pagaa  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagAaa 

Pagas  rastorad  and/oi 

Pagas  rastaurias  at/ou  pailiculAas 

Pagas  discolourad.  stainad  o;  foxai 
Pagas  dAcolorAas,  tachatAas  ou  piquias 

Pagas  datachad/ 
Pagas  dAtachAes 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparanca 

Quality  of  prin 

Qualit*  inAgala  da  I'imprassion 

Includes  supplamantary  matarii 
Comprond  du  material  supplAmantaira 

Only  adition  availabia/ 
Saula  Mition  disponibia 


pn  Pagaa  damagad/ 

r~n  Pagas  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 

n^  Pagas  discolourad.  stainad  o;  foxad/ 

I     I  Pagas  datachad/ 

[Tjn  Showthrough/ 

r~~|  Quality  of  print  varias/ 

I     I  Includes  supplamantary  material/ 

I — I  Only  adition  availabia/ 


Tl 

P< 
of 
fli 


Oi 
bi 
th 
sit 
ot 
fir 
si( 
or 


n 


Pagas  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  fauillet  d'errata,  una  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmAes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


sh 
Tl 
w 

Ml 

ba 
rifl 

ra< 
mi 


0    Additional  commanta:/ 
Commantairas  supplAmantaires: 


Irragulir  pagination  :  [1]  -  36,  (29]  -  454  p.  Wrinkled  pages  may  film  slightly  out  of  focus. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

2ZX 

26X 

30X 

y 

' 

12X                            18X                           20X                            24X                           28X                           32X 

• 

ire 

Mtails 
•t  du 
modifier 
•r  une 
filmaga 


«s 


errata 
I  to 

I 

i  pelure. 

on  A 


r  out  of  focus. 


D 

32X 


TIm  copy  fllm«d  Imt*  haa  bMn  raproduccd  thanks 
to  tha  ganaroalty  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Quaan's  Univarsity 

Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
posslbia  oonsldaring  tha  condition  and  laglblllty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif Ications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  papar  covara  ara  fllmad 
beginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  e  printed  or  iiiuatntad  imprea- 
slon,  or  the  back  covar  when  eppropriata.  Ail 
other  originei  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  tlie 
first  page  with  e  printed  or  iiiuatratad  imprea- 
slon,  and  ending  on  the  laat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  <^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  et 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  frames  ea 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exemplaira  film*  f  ut  reproduit  grice  i  la 
gAnAroaitA  da: 

Douglas  Library 
Queen's  University 

Lee  images  suivantes  ont  M  reproduites  avac  la 
piua  grand  soln,  compta  tenu  de  le  condition  et 
de  le  nettet*  de  i'exempleire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avac  las  condMona  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Las  exempleires  origineux  dont  la  couvarture  an 
papier  eat  ImprimAa  sent  filmto  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
dimpreeaion  ou  d'illuatration,  soit  per  le  second 
plat,  aalon  le  ces.  Tous  les  eutres  exempleires 
origlnaux  sent  filmte  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaion  ou  d'iilustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernMre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  aymbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fiimto  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
da  I'engle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  heut  en  bes,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagea  nAcassaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

•Jjjj,, 


\ 


above 
theyt 
even 
late  to 
preset 
The  i 
most  i 
getliei 
any  di 
•ltd  01 


<■  •:■■)     •■ 


'V-lV-v 


■•^^'i-: 


"TIIE  usefulneis  of '  Th«  Otire  Branch*  is  not  whoIlY,  nor  even  nriiic]|Mi1* 
ly  confined  to  one  or  two  readinyii.  As  a  book  of  reierence,  it  is  almost 
above  value.  Men  who  are  engaged  continually  in  the  avocations  by  which 
they  and  their  ftin|li^s.  subsist*  cannot  be' expected  to  commit  to  memory 
even  the  most  iinpCH'tiint  partA  of  the  nitany  interesting  documenta  which  n- 
lute  to  our  intercourse  with  foreign  nations  (.  nur  do  they  oA^n  colkct  and 
preserve  Uicae  documents  to  recur  to  When  a  difference  of  opinion  arises. 
The  Olive  Branch  is  calculated  to  supply  both  these  deftcta.  Here  the 
most  important  state  papers,  on  the  most  disputed  subjects,  are  thrown  to- 
gether  and  cx|>lained  and  ilhistrftt^d  with  intcUigiMice  and  candour.  Vfhitn 
•ny  dispute  oCcurfe,  dne  has  only  to  take  up  this  work,  turn  to  the  indei* 
•nd  open  to  whatever  topic  he  desirei  to  be  informed  «f  Thfe  documenU 
are  authentic  i  and  the  party  Mibo  ia  mistaken,  will,  if  his  mud  la  open  to 
conviction,  he  convinced  of  his  error,  and,  if  he  is  an  honest  man,  be  will  ac- 
knowledge and  abiitiiitai  it 

'*  When  the  first  edition  6f  this  l^ork  appeiirecl,  notwithstanding  sotoie  er- 
rors and  omissions,  1  considered  it  the  hest  political  tract  which  had  been 
riblished  for  many  years.  IVhen  the  second  edition  issued  frpm  the  press« 
purchased  that ;  atid  fonnd  it  Imended  in  some,  and  much  improved  in 
other  partkulart.  The  third  edition,  whii^  was.  I  understand,  printed  in 
Boaton,  I  did  not  gee.  But  the  fourth  edition,  which  was  extended  to  two 
volumes,  which  enlaiwed  on  ^veral  topica  treated  on  in  the  former  editlonii; 
and  embraced  several  important  snt^ecfta,  not  touched  on  in  them,  was  so 
highly  satiafoctoHr  to  me,  that  I  presented  the  copies  I  had,  to  some  of  m;^ 
neighooutis,  who  bad  hot  the  ability  to  purchase  for  them*elves,'and  proems 
ed  this  for  myself.  Its  utility  to  me  has  been  very  great.  It  has  reminded 
me  of  many  things  I  had  forgotten,  and  acquainted  me  wHh  many  others  t 
was  ignorant  of  I  think  the  same  beneficiu  effects  must  be  experienced  bj 
every  roan  who  reads  it,  with  a  desire  to  have  hia  memory  refreshed,  and  hnl- 
miitdenlii^tened.  if  our  government  is  worth  Aiaintainmg,  ind  the  intelli- 
gence of  the  pe<wle  ia  one  of  its  safe-giuirds,  those  who  empld^  their  time, 
and  talents,  in  diffusing  that  intelligence,  in  themntt  correct,  and  acceptable 
manner,  and  form,  are  really  ei.iitled  to  the  gratitude  of  eveiy  firiehd  of  thi6 
government."  Treniw  Ti^ue  Jimericaitt  Mtuf  22, 1815. 


'■.■•■iii 


^  *'  The  Olive  Braboh  ia  a  serious  appeal  to  the  two  gtcnt^kartiet  MHtkh  di- 
vide our  country,  on  the  necessity  of  mutual  forgiveness  and  harmony.  In 
pursuing  hia  plan,  the  writer  has,  with  great  industry,  collected  and  arrang- 
ed hia  materials  t  <wd  with  no  small  «hare  of  talent,  baa  illustrated  hit  sub- 
ject in  the  most  sti4king  manner,  by  arguments  divwn  ftom  oAcial  and  an- 
thentic  documents  of  various  kinda--from  nationid  and  state  arehives*-Whe- . 
ther  as  a  repository  o/  Authentic  facia  and  referencesi-^-as  an  hiatorical  sketch 
of  the  rise. and  progress  of  party  spirit,  from  the  consummation  of  our  inde- 
pendence, ip  thiB  present  day  ;-*as  a  memorial,  viiuctt  ought  never  to  be  for- 
potten.  w  the  pernicious  effects  of  that  spirit,  when  csrried  beyond  the 
bounds  of  reason  and  justice  :^in  short,  whiether  we  vkw  the  Olive  Branch 
as  a  political  appeal  to  the  good  sense  of  the  nation,  or  as  a  record  of  historical 
events,  with  which  every  American  ought  to  be  acqtiaintcd— we  consider  it 
a  frork  c^  the  hi|^st  vidue,  the  circulation  of  which  ovcfy  friend  of  his 
country  ia  bound  to  promote. 

**  It  is  not  the  republican  alone^  who  ^ill  derive  satUftetion  from  the  pe« 
msal  of  this  tolume.  The  fisderalist  will  fin4  In  it,  n»any  egsegkiua  foulta 
pobited  out,  which  have  been  committed  by  the  republican  par^,  both  in 
the  national^  and  sute  govemmenta  i  otherwiao  the  work  would  not  be  con- 
siatent  with  iu  title,  which  is— THE  OUVE  BSAMCH;  OR,  iTAULTS  ON 
BOTH  SIDES,  FEDERAL  AKD DEM0CRAT1C->A  9BRIPUS  AfVBAi»9» 
THE  NECESSITY  W  MUTUAL  FORGIVENESS,  AKD  HAltMOMlr^ifr 
And  It  must  be  confessed*  that  the  best  way  to  correct  the  faults  of  hiMw 
sides,  is  to  induce  both,  if  possible,  to  opm  theirreyefto  %ur  own  &dll% 
«s  well  as  to  those  of  their  opponents.  This  kudable  wbitv^Mr.  Carey  has 
the  credit  of  Attempting.  Whether  the  attempt  is  a  TiskiMM|Wy<»  not, 
time  must  determine.  At  all  events.,  let,  every  honest,  .inM|n|AltiDan,  of 
both  parties,  read  the  Olive  Briu|ch,ifM  jmuld  kflMV  the  jmmm^"  M- 


■!*. 


i 


I    ' 


/  **  In  the  wtrmth  and  violence  of  a  political  ooateit,  it  rarelj  happens  thai 
either  party  ia  entirely  &uItleM.  Imperfection,  in  a  greater  or  km  degree* 
ia  atunped  on  er«ry  tbhig  huotan^  and  the  individual,  much  toore  the  party, 
who  ahould  cLmu  an  entire  cMmtion  ftvmi  it,  «M>uIdhetMr  the  groaaeat  ig- 
norance, in  tmes  if  tttrbale|i|o0,ft4weveri|eir  are^lflkiiiUjekvflited  above 
the  influence  of  parly  paasiori,  to  expoae  error,  wherever  found.  The  fiiulta 
of  a  favourite  party  are  too  commonly  paaaed  over  in  aiknoe,  and  those  of 
the  oppoaite,  unreaionably  magnifled. 

'*  The  author  of  the  Olive  Branch  has  taken  a  stud  bcymkl  the  reach  of 
party  influenfie. .  The  g^ef»eUn§nptiona  <f  theiiar-roQai  p^Ubttneonatitiite 
no  {Mrt  «f  kil  pdUticai  midw.  Whdi,  in  hia  opinion,  the  r^iwlican  adni* 
nlat^tiona  or  the  repuUican  party  have  deaervad  censure,  he  baa  freely  he* 
stowed  it.  ffife  wotfccaMiea  »n  Its  fiibe  thtnipat  convlnbing  proof  not  merely 
of  atrenMh  of  genius,  and  depth  of  Hisearch,  out  the  aoet  stent  political  in^ 

**  Theie  ia  nerhuw  no  hook  extant,  that  in  so  small  a  conpass  contuns  se 
great  a  quantity  of  momentoua  political  truth.  Like  the  two  edged  sword, 
said  to  have  been  wield^  by  the  i^^l  ofliiAl  4gain|||;  **  Satai^  and  hia  an<. 
gdSi*  if  dmib'  andpilta  to  fli|^t  an  army  dfemrand  fiaachpod.'Vir«e<?4r 
%«jitt«er»  v«u.  vu.  page  371. 

**  The  Olive  Branch,  «r  Faultaon  both  aldu,  federal  and  deoMcratie,  is  no 
pan^puUiBaiion:  it  oontaina  a  lucid  examination  of  the  feults  <tf  hottipai^ 
tiea,indcall8  loudly  for  union  in  defence  of  our  territory  and  the  deareat  in- 
teiestaofall^— We  have  never  seen  a  publieatim  in  this  eountiy  that  so  justly 
merited^be  patronsge  ofett.  I\6dendi|ti  and  Bepublicans  wifi  both  seethKsit 
fiuilta  elearly  pointed  out  and  opwpnanted  en.  We  admbe  the  mdependent 
MfUii  of  the  puUication.  Although  we  do  not  aubscribe  to  all  the  tanets,  ob- 
ject, andn«DnmeadaMona  eontemed  ui  the  Olive  Branch,  yet  we  tUnk  aueh 
apuUicat^ particulariy  valuable,  as  it  comprisea  inaauceinot  view  a  well- 
fir^igwd.  fMsa  of  public  and  political  documents  on  the  sulijecte  whidt  led  to 
the  war,  particularly  that  of  In^ressment,  the  (Mers  in  Council,  correqMin* 
dence  of  Bfr.  Erskine  and  Mr.  ftnith,  previoqa  tp  the  war,  and  important  cor« 
xespondenoe  between  our  public  f>metidnaries  and  those  of  the  eneqiv  since 
the  w*?*  Svenr  man  ahould  posaeaathia  baok»  and  leid  H  cartflllly  tniottgh 
trithoUtpv^udice.'*  JButvn  Patriot. 

**  Before  I  proceed  fiirther,  however,  I  must  do  jnstioe  to  a  writer  so  ob« 
^sstDOal^  ^aiiiteraated,  independ^t,  and  patriotic,  u  the  autluHr  of  the  *  Olive 
■  Bimch/  V  My>>V>  *^^  Ik  haa  done  ample  justice  to  theeharapler  of  Ifr. 
Jsffimen*  mcsasttnphaekupon  hia  aaaailanta  Uie  foul  chargea  ef'FNnehm- 
thMBOtand/noHty  to  trade:*  diiahedoea  in  amannerthat  mnathtiHrcanvie- 
4ian  JiMiet  to  every  besom  that  possessea  a  aingle  drepof  the  myk-vS^nmm 
kindoMai  and  let  me  add,  thkt  the  justice  thuadohe  to  that  great  and  good 
nHHH  will  not  he  the  leaa  uaefiil  in  coming  fo#th  ina  volume,  which  enin^iet 
wMsHl^iher,  and  Anriava-nMse/  etftrftitftii?*   Jhrvnii 


iBxtHm^ahtietfnmJmmuMkdlt&Itt  Etjt.  Fr0tideHt  ^tketHtiiei  SttOa, 

Washiiwton,  Jaimary  38,  iSl^ 

'*^I  ht«e  iMt  been  iMe  aa  yet  to  do  nxye  than  glance  at  Uie jriUH  £»f  Jhe 
Work,  and  ran  ovief  a  few  of  its  imgfcs-  The  course  adopted'or  ass^^lUg 
authettUo  and  atHUn^r  ftcts,  and  addreaabtg  them  impartial^  and  iadepett- 
dently,  but  with  becominr  em|riia8is,to  the  attentibn  of  ^  putdic,  waa  best 
fitted  to  lender  it  a  vidnable  aM  seasdnabte  aerviiee :  and  it  uweanlhat  tiie 
aocqcaa  «f  jrour  bbaiir  will  wdl  re^hiid  Uie  huidable  viewi  i^th  Whidi  it  wal 
tmdfertaken.'* 

JBxtraet  tfa  letter  from  Themak  JiffirttH,  JE$q.  ex-firettdent  of  the  United  Statee. 

Menticello,  Feb.  d,  1815. 
**!  thankyoufer  the  copy  of  the  Ofiv«Bniich  you  have  been  ao  kindaato 
send  me.    Mwitiif  extraota  unm  it^vh^  I  bed  eeen  in  tliie  newspapers,  had 
eacited  a  wishttt  Meoreit    A'tedttd^ view  over  ihe  work  haa  coi^rme4 
the  opinion  excited  by  the  cstncts,  ^t  it  will  do  ^t  I^Md.** 


OLIVE  BRANCH : 


P»» 


FEOBRAli 

A  8EU0UB  APKBAIi  mi  TUB  NSCEWmr 


or 


MVTVAL  F0SGIV;CEtlSS8  ASOi  HAlli^^tr. 


BY  M.  CAREY. 

;•  --I   hiiirilir  II  III 
fiCCTB  KDiTIQN,  SNLABQBD. 


'    «iyikmistlieiMdiWMoftlieiiMiigrfor^toMAtdr<k«Yeir^ 
7^,  taxied  J>e  the  hfead..M4Mlsied  be  the  hMid.M..tbAt  attenf^  to  destidy 

*•  Truths  would  joa  t«MlL..Ar  MMre  »  ikddny  land  i 
'  **  All  ftiir....jione  iid  ]fou.»~ind  fiiw  undentend.**    jPtft, 

Matt.  xu.  35. 

**/»  Jiawnitw*  ijufliii  talia  pmtpi^iur.**    Caeitf.- 

m  'Mttymiptsf%yKifiit  ntguA.  to  truth,  u>e^ahalHBd  it  naeaawwy  itot  wdy 
to  eondenm  our  IneiMs  npw  tome  occaakma,  aadoomnendouroneBriaak'lNit 
ab»  to  ooauMid  adid  oobdeom  the-aanie  peraow*  as  dtfittuttt  oirettUsUiitfees 
paj-rMuire  I  Arasitiafioitb.be  iinafmed,  that  thoae  iiiw  ark  cii{M(cd  in 

St  imira,  ahoold  almyi  be  punuinff  ftlae  or  aiiatalBau  neaaoiea  V  aO  nei- 
M  it  wdMble  ittnet  thdr  ooudnG^canat  oU  tiawo  be«Mt*t  friaa  orror.** 

"Ketther^t^  faw  of  Chriatiani^  aor  of  Beason  requhfa  ua  H  prMrate. 
Mir  fi^ltonoi Mepeudmeet  fiteibm,  pnttr^ and-  imuur  at  tka  fsetu  ptmi» 
tgreumttal  •^t'mttin,**    Aadbeu  otMnr.  Ik.  Jkofid  Osg^bbd,  Mqr,  1^98. 

;'f<'^ateh  thoae  ingmtefU  aoula  who  BMinnur  about  taxation  aad  qkmm- 
aibn*-the  burdena  of  govfrmunt  and  rd^on.  3Vy  J^am/*R»mikfi  w&fc«r 
ftwiije*.  Tb«jr  are  traitora  to  God  and  Otf istiwUlhr.**  JUOntu.^  ttaJUrn. 
J)r.JSkfahParUh,Jii^^V99. 

amsiMif.  hUagwemrmtnt^wrwunfimhuftmida^^ 
•vti  cMm.**  SeMnon  1^  Beir.  Jtedidiah  Morae.  Mijr  9, 1798.    ' 


THILABELPUUs 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHdB» 

ntf^tVMfWf  1815* 


■(%#.l!v 


,2,  ^'^^^^^^V' 


EatrmttfMm  thmnm  Ou^ffmtk,  ITtk  ibwMny,  1908. 
0^  ChMifM  in  the  constitution  of  gofcnunettt  we  omk  inJuriouB  than  ip 

Prefefitd  by  the  •evenl  ttetes  i  bat  theie  alio,  which,  befei*  th«t  time,  h{id 
Men  dcvieedb  oth^rMea  and  nationt.  And  though  the  r^watcd  experiments 
vluch  haft  rinoe  tiUn  place  hi  JSiMipr,  nuur  suKcat  matter  for  wamiity, 
they  aSwd  mthiw  tvt  imiUtion.  If.  notwithataMU^  it  ia  found  by  expe- 
rience, that  tW  ^aHltudbii  ##<lto  yfif^'n^ttUtfim  the  JeqiMtiiiction  of 
■t^  part  ia  dDabifhli'ama«|Maiita  any  Jta~aeeeaaary  to  alter  or  explaki  it.. 
C7  Am «<t to  vofii  to ««/#«« .<lai  1^-mfUh  MOl^d^fK^  govenwMhts ad- 
mit of  an  cndkaafaflety  of  modi8ektian*i  and  the  apinioM  enteruOned  o£ 
their  rtapeetive  merita  are  equally  varkMM.  When  the  oonatitution  waa  es- 
Ublishedt  pHMfM  noiBah  thlilb«HUM  ailMeet  t«.it  IraapeHhedy  pleased  with 
crery part  QC^  /<  wo*  tht  remit ^ mmtualnneeitkn .•  and auch,' indeed, must 
always  be  the  Case,  when  a  form  of  gorenunent  ia  folMntarily  accepted  by  a 
commonity. 

**Q^Jkt  lA«  wiMb  V**^  meHt.thtrt  mmu  It  At  a r$Ht«um*n,^M^  tmittt 
Ikem  dfctMrtj)iidlt^w^>«»»rf^fcrwi  tturlt^iJWliff^  attdg^mti/m^^^  ffi^f'* 
the  furtmlt  v^*""*^'  (S^  The^  abetmd  infr^eftOHd^  are  etief  mtmaUHg 
wemejlane^  ehamge  tn  the  pM»  ^fgt«enmtfU»  iMeh  their  imi^finathm  reprem 
eeiU  uemitfid.  fJJ'Bmt  mentfgneat  mi^tltm  un  atiUmiire dangernu t  CC^ihef 
<MWt»^  make  the/aireet  pt^muee  te  teiiteMtt,((;> thtugh  then  are  aetuated 
m^  bg  teffiMerul.  (U"  ^th*  eeiutiMm  tt'fnM  ^tketreeuntrgpremtt  ehta. 
eke  It  the  tMempUehment  ff  their  -mithee,  CC^  Mm  em/Mtgr  everjf  artifice  te  alter 
•r  oMM  Aem  t  etui  (j;^  ifiHiSmd^aieepptt  thefr  attempth  theg  are  eouaU*  an. 
JU  and  ttMcitelu  te  deetrtg  U/cir  iiJhif»et  «»d  render  ihemedieue  te  their  JkOew 
ciliteae.  '   > 

"QC^  FeviaHwcref  jp  •  pfoap^roua  community,  aiip  ftiUy  satiafied  with 
their conditioo,  (p*A  great  part  are  eaaiiy  induced  to  beli«yc  thftii  theic  ia 
•ometlUiig  wnimm  the  government  or  Utft,  which  might  be  vtcflfied  to  fl^fr 
adnntige.  OC^  Tb^  therefore  readilv  embrace  any  spefiibtis  pt<iposal'td'eflRl«t 
an  alteration.  (C^  Tke  tr^ffy  andameitimiekiurm  henm  te  avail  themtelvee  ef  tMe 
diepJdtiente  ehaagei  and  O*  tnctttr^ft  their  JhHewere  te  expect  thatihif  amet^ 
mente  tkef  prepeee  ^»Ul pei^^tlff  eifit  their  eftt^,  a»dpr^d%e(t  iheMm^hfeeeiwe 
the]f;wiA  {  in  thk  Way  they  not  only  efieet  their  iminediate  object.  But  acquire 
an  imluence  which  enables  them  afterwa^  to  aoc;pmplish  the  most  disaat^oua 
innoTationa.  Such  persona  (jj^  encourage  h<^pea  that  can  never  be  r^dtMod,  and 
fjioite  eom^bunta  whi«hCC^  the  most  wise  and  beneT«lent  admhuaMration  ia 
imab)e,t»  remove. 

**  Our  fonna  ofgovemment  are  doubtlesa  like  all  other  human  hHtitutioM^ 
inmerfceti  butocj  they  will  inaMre  the^bliaasinga  of  freedom  totiie  4Bitisen% 
and  prepe^0  Mwir  tnnqwitlity,  aa  loiig  aa  they  are  virtuous )  and  O  m  MR* 
•titutioB<#it  It^b^en  or  caii  be  Mncd.iiiiUaeeurc  those  blnaainga.'ta^  d»> 
ptwred  and  vicious  people.** 

MUKtratt  frefn  theanttoer 

Oewernm^eSptei^^  _..--  _     ,-„ .       _,, 

"OO^We  sliall  Ipoh  #ith  a  still  i;ikire  ciiutiotii  ^  vpmi  erery  hmovation 
attempted  to  be  made  upon  bur  nati^itnl  coiisUtutibh.  The  integrity,  expe- 
ricnee,  and  extensive  lofohnaskm  discov^^  by  the  ilhutrioiis  characters  who 
JHrnled  that  Mduable  teaKaWneAr  and  the  series  ef  public  proapefity  enjoyed 
voder  it,  jpiti^eit  to  ouc.hi|^t  veneration  i  its  excellence  ap^ara  whhatUl 
greater  luatire,wh(Bn  coAipared  with  the  ephemenl  constitutions  of  man}rnx<r 
tions  which  ^**  flitt^  across  the  eve  in  n^id  succeasion,  and  then  sunk  into 
total  oblivion.  We  arc  not  inaensibie,  that  our  form  of  government  must  be 
impiirfect,  as  was  the  nature  of  itsjuithorst  bat  we  recollect,  at  the  same 
time,  thatQj^ai^prtjteMJ'o^tfiilien  utider  the  name  of  amendment  it  Uable  t» 
the  eame  itn^eif^cttam.       ._-,  ...^^  .„^,. ,.  -f  -v_,~;,- .;,  ■     ■ 

*' Believing  therefore  that  (JQ*  the  prineiptet  of  the  eonttitutien  are  ae  -well 
aiffueted  at  human  inJSrmit]^  tvUlperntit,  and  thlttfj^  a  email  innavatim  mat/  ea- 
egntiul^ perv0tt  ite  eriginal  tendency,  we  shall  exert  ourselves  to  preserve  it 
<nt(t*i'eititfy^rti)  except  in  cases  where  its  operation  shAll  be  foiutd  ex- 
tremely unegii»r  ibdoppres^ivei" 


tchjfp^  JfMiiary,  18P6. 


•t'ni 

. 

■n.c-'» 

c 
ti 

JBUT 

5 

•  \  ■    • 
i     ■ 

It 

AH 

K 


THIS  BOOK, 
(Af i  A  JiUBK  cap  (MiLiiltinryoK 

IfnUfllMABLE  BLB8S|N«i  VHKfnSD,  Of    v 
UBBRTT  OF  PBB80N,  UBBBTY  OF  FBOttSTT,  AMD  UlBlfff 

TO  A  SflfiBBB  MEVEB  KKTHPiKmStt  IN  TBl^  WOMA) 

TO  4JpuyVBD  BUT  BLBBBDro  OOUNTRT, 
TOBNOIPIECBB 

FACnOOf^  0B8PBRATB*  OONVUIJIVB*  AND  BUINOUf 
.  8TRUGGLBS  FOB  FOWEB.  > 


MIUJ0N8  OF  HUBCAk  BBING8;i 
Birr  Wlto  AB»  MM)B  TBB,l|»;|pBVMBMTa  OF  TH08B 

AV^  y^.v^Qji  A  FOf^j^N  fNpnr,  ;^^'!'^ 

•ABBJ^lOBiajUl^  ANp  KEPT  FBOM IINIQN, 
.,.,  to  6BATIFT  THE  AMBITION  OF 
A  FB#  MEN, 
(NOT  ONB^IN  FIVB  THOOf  AND  OF  TBB  WHEQIiE  OOMMUMfl'I) 
/    ^^  TiifMi^V^^WFHbllAVBBBOUGiiT  ^ 

TO  THE  VBILY  YEBGE'  OF  DBSTBOCtlQN. 
.'  'li»  ?  THE  FAIBB8T  PBOSPECT 
TSAT  EVEB  SHONE  ON  ANY  NATION* 

'    MTTOSAVTBOB. 
.V«.  8, 1114." 


15S079 


GO,  OLnrB  B1t4TfCB» 

orro  A  coMMOHmr,  wmcH.  imuGaio  Hrro 
A  MATkititt  srutoii, 

VmB  UNPARAtUSttott  A^ATHT  BBHOLDS 

nUiAiis  OF  Tins  Govmrnmrr  tbaMnq  awat^ 

rtKi^eiiTir  snnoito  tir  VAlildifr^ 

TrtfrcdtonTiil' 

fBOSTBATB  AT  THE  FtelT  OF'A  KOTHlisS  FOa^ 
A  mJMBBB  0#  AAtitMOUS  UUBBiUi^  BBOABDLB88 

J     OJPTICIl 

COBOfON  DANGEll, 

STBuo«tlMB<tto|iiti£  UPON  T^  iiidt^^ 

AFD 

APPABENTLT  liBTfeftBllilkb  T^  COimiiT  tSALL  GO  TO 

miusss  TnBT  ga^  tfOaesB  tBBisseLVEa  of  powbki 

AStK  WtfETTttto  view;  OFPOfenHO  AltfDlM&PBAtiMQ 

BViBttT  BtBAstrm^ 

fXliUn7LA1«D  to  tN^tiREOim  8A£VATI(l^r 


murni 
theUJ 


(    ,  /  AFngALTOTHBPATHOTlBM;      • " 

^TBB  BONOUBi  THE  VSXiUSKt,  THB  8BUMNTBBBST  OP  TOUft 

TO  8A¥B  A  mmuB  VATKnT  noDf  Bunr. 

Phtlada,Jm,4^Utt^ 


^  i 


PRBFAOB 

TO  TUB  FIMST  EDmOM 

rhUaddphia,J^.  B,i$i^.*    ' 

I  SUBMIT  this  work  to  my  fellow-eitizeiis  with  an  uneom- 
mon  dejgfree  of  solicitude  aod  anxiety.  Tlie  subject  it  em-, 
braces*  and  tli^  olyects  it  has  in  vicw»  are  of  inex|ires8ibie , 
magnitude.  The  sultject  is  the  puresent  eritical  situation  of 
theUnittod  States,  with  the  causes  that  have  led  to  that  situ- 
ation ;  the  objectsy  the  restoration  of  harmony»  and  dissipa- 
tion of  party  rage  and  ranuour. 

It  cannot  be  any  longer  doubted  that  there  exists  a  conspi- 
racy in  JS^yr  England*  among  a  few  of  the  most  wealthy  and 
influential  citizens,  to  efibct  a  dissolution  of  the  union  at 
every  hazard,  and  to  form  a  separate  confederacy.  This, 
has  been  asserted  by  some  of  pur  citizens  for  years,  »nd' 
strenuously  denied  by  others,  deceived  by  tl^  mask  the  conflpi- 
rators  wore,  and  their  holl'ow  professions.  But  it  requires  more 
than  B'tBotian  stupidity  and  dulnes§,  to  hesitate  on  the 
subject  after  the  late  extraordinary  movements,  which  can- 
not possibly  haVe  any  other  object. 

It  is  eighteen  years  since  this  dangeroiis  project^as  pro- 
m^Igatedf.  From  tliat  period  to  the  present,  it  has  not  been 
oile  hour  out  of  view.  And  unholy  and  pernicious  as  was 
the  end,  the  means  employed  were  at  least  equally  unholy 
and  pernicious.  FalsehtKid,  deception,  and  calumny,  in  turn, 
have  been  called  in  to  aid  the  design*  The  passions  of  the 
people  have  been  kept  in  a  constant  state  of  t^e  most  extra- 
vagant excitement.  Every  ttrA  of  the  government  has  been 
placed  in  the  most  revolting  point  of  view.  To  the  adminis- 
tration have  been  unceasingly  ascribed  the  most  odious  ob- 
jects, pursued  by  the  most  detestable  means. . 

About  two-thirds  of  the  papers  published  in  New-England 
are  opposed  to  the  present  administration.  They  are  all  ex- 
parte.  I  think  it  is  doubtful  whether  a  single  number  of  the 
Centinet,  Repeitbry,  Boston  Gazette,  &c«  has  been  publish- 
ed for  years,  free  from  attacks  on  the  administration.  And 
I  am  preity  wisll  convinced,  that  attempts  at  vindication  are 

*TliriN»aefbrei|«nted,  b  irotding  the  different  PreruM,  to  paj  pdrtiealar  »t> 
tentioBtotbairdatM. 

4^11) «  eeriet  «f  efleya,  puUpalud  under  the  aignatare  of  PeUnn,  b  the  Conneetieut 

€!kiip«nt,  1796.    SfffpagC^ 


8  PftEVACB  TO  THE  FIRIIT  EDITION. 

hardly  over  allowod  a  place.  IMio  object  ■tea(lily»  and  inra* 
riubly*  anil  iiuIuHtrioiisly  pursuedt  is  to  run  down  the  incum- 
boiitA  in  office  at  all  eventi.  To  thia  every  thing  Is  made 
subflervient. 

On  the  iiyuaticff  the  eruelty  of  this  procedure^  It  Is  need- 
less  to  descant.  It  is  treatinar  the  highest  public  funotio  ries 
of  the  country*  chosen  by  the  unbiassed  suflTrages  of  a  '"^t 
people^  worse  than  we  should  treat  the  veriest  rascal  In  so- 
ciety. If  he  were  accused  of  any  crime  whatever*  his  defence 
would  be  patiently  heard  before  sentence  would  be  pronounc- 
ed. But  our  first  magistrate,  and  other  public  omcerj«  are 
accused,  tried,  and  condemned,  without  a  possibility  of  de- 
fence. * 

This  Is  a  great  and  deplorable  evil— .an  evil  so  Inveterate,  as 
to  render  a  remedy  almost  hopeless.  It  is  hardly  possible  for 
«ny  government  to  stand  against  such  an  uivfust  system.  It 
is  pregnant  with  the  roost  awful  consequences  to  society. 

I  am  not  to  be  told,  that  there  are  many  papers  devoted  to 
the  defence  of  the  government  as  well  as  to  run  It  down. 
,  Thii)  1  well  know ;  but  this  does  not  remove  the  difficulty. 
Such  is  the  folly  of  the  times,  that  the  mass  of  our  citizens 
cpnnne  themselves  to  those  papers  calculated  to  strengthen 
their  prejudices.   They  rarely  read  defences,  if  any  appear. 

Ana  thus  it  is  not  surprising  that  those  prejudices  become 
daily  m(we  and  more  inveterate— and  that  through  the  ad- 
dress anolndustry  of  artful  men,  they  are  prepared  to  over- 
turn that  constitution,  to  whose  abuse  and  perversion  they 
ascribe  all  those  sufferings  which  have  really  flowed  IVom 
the  rapacity  and  ii^jnstice  of  the  belligerents. 

Besides  the  party  In  New  England,  who  are  determined 
on  a  separation  of  the  states  fhr  their  own  aggraudizeraent— 
there  is  a  party  in  the  middle  states  equally  dangerous. 
They  are  daily  engaged  in  preparing  the  public  mind  for 
seizing  the  reins  of  government  by  violence,  and  expelling 
the  public  functionaries. 

With  these  gentlemen,  it  is  a  favoiirite  idea  to  send  the 
president  to  Elba,  and  supply  his  place  with  one  of  their  own 
friends,  and  thus  save  the  people  the  necessity  of  another 
election.  Mr.  Barent  Gardenieri  of  New  York,  and  a  few 
Yiolent  m^n  in  congress,  are  the  most  active  of  this  party. 
AH  their  talents  and  industry  i^re  devoted  to  this  vile  pw- 
pbse. 

This  (blood  and  murder — lanterns  and  guillotines  apart)— 
is  as  revniutinnary,  as  disorganizing,  as  jacobinieal  a  pro- 
ject as  any  of  those  of  Danton,  Legendre,  Marat^  Petion,  or, 


Robej 
And, 
we  ihl 
that  si 
withoij 
away 
the  edi 
the  dy| 
and  no 
Witl 
preienii 
expllcif 
of  eflTecl 


PREFAOS  TO  THE  FIRIT  EDITION. 


Hobespierret  in  the  ewiy  otagen  of  the  French  rt^volutioN. 
And,  reader*  **  laff  not  thejUAtering  unction  to  your  toul^**  that 
we  «hall  in  this  event  escape  bUmthed,  It  is  as  impossible 
thiit  such  a  flagitious  prcyoct  should  be  carried  intoopcration» 
without  torrents  of  blood  being  shed*  as  that  yo«  can  tear 
away  tlie  foundations  on  which  a  mighty  ediftce  rests*  without 
the  edifice  Itself  crumbling  to  ruins»  or  that  you  can  removo 
the  dykes  which  oppose  the  progress  of  a  vast  body  of  water* 
and  not  have  the  acyacent  country  overflowed. 

With  Mr.  Oardenier,  it  is  a  favourite  phraser,  that  **  tho 
preunt  adminUtration  mutt  come  down,**  This  is  tolerably 
explicit.  It  is  impossible  to  mistake  the  intention  or  the  modo 
of  effecting  it.  The  latter  is  very  simple.  History  furnish- 
es numeruuB  examples.  It  is  the  moile  by  which  Cromwell 
expelled  the  Rump  pariiamentf  and  seized  the  reins  of  gov- 
ernment himself.  It  is  the  ra«ide  by  which,  after  the  Rub^ 
con  was  passed,  Julius  Coesar  rose  to  power  on  the  ruins  of 
the  commonwealth.  And,  to  come  to  a  later  period,  it  is  the 
mode  whereby  Bonaparte  mtfde  himself  master  of  the  desti- 
nies of  France. 

But*  !V|r.  Gardetoier,  we  are  not  ripe  for  that  project  yet« 
Can  you,  or  general  Wharton,  who  has  given  the  toasts 
«  James  Madison,  on  the  island  of  Elba'*-- can  you,  I  say,  be 
mad  enough  to  believe  that  the  hardy  yeomanry  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  or  Pennsylvania,  will  submit  to  allow  any 
band  of  desperadoes  with  impunity  to  tear  the  highest  public 
functionaries  of  the  nation  from  their  seats— men  chflsen  ia 
strict  conformity  with  the  terms  of  the  social  compact  ? 

If  you  flatter  yourself  with  any  such  pleasing  ^elusions, 
awake,  and  shako  off*  the  mighty  error.  Rely  upon  it,  that 
those  who  may  make  the  sacrilegious  attempt  will  with  their 
delude4  followers  sufTer  condign  punishment  as  traitors. 

The  United  States  have  for  a  considerable  time  past  ex- 
hibited a  spectacle  of  the  most  extraordinary  kind,  and  al- 
most unique  in  the  history  of  the  world. 

Our  form  of  government  has  probably  but  one  material 
defect.  It  wants  a  due  degree,  of  energy,  particularly  pend- 
ing war.  If  it  were  freeirom  this,  it  might  last  as  long  as 
the  Roman  government. 

TIhs  defSsct  must  be  a  saly  ect  of  deep  and  scvrious  regret  to  all 
good  men,  not  merely  our  cotemporaries  or  countrymen,  but  to 
thQse  in  future  times  and  distant  countries,  who  may  feel  an 
interest  in  tthe  hapinijiess  of,  their  fellow  men.  In  perusing 
history,  we  lament  the  errors  of  onr  ancestors— ourii  will  b9 
a  subject  of  lamentation  to  our  posterity. 


^ 


i 


If' 


Id 


PRBfACiS'Tb  Tttil  FiBsir  EbiTiok; 


Taking^into  consideratiori  this  gerioits  defect  in  t&e  frame  of; 
our  gbverhmenty  itistli)B'd)Dty  of  att  8^  citizens  bupbot^  and' 
8ii]ii|^H  it    But  an  conStderatidiirof  dn^  apartj^  meire  sel- 
fishness ought  to  prompt^  Wen  who  haVe  fiii;^  intei^b^tintlttt', 
welfa1f«of  the  conhtryj  whp  have  abjthinjg^ioIosebxcoiivuU ., 
sionSy  afld  taniults,  ai^d  cdnffusfohi  an4'atiarcby,  jo  clinflj  t5;' 
and^  uphoild  th«  gbV^hliD'enty  whirebT  thejr  are  pfbtecM'  lU 
th6  ei^oyvhebt  of  all  th6  blesilh^'6f  life. 

But  it  is  awfta  *t6  netliite,  thli'!a'  lai^ge  prbp6rtioQ  of  the'' 
wtealthi^st  ni<)h  in  the  conimuiii|V  ^  haVe  beeW  as  srauWo^ly , 
emi^yed  in  tearing  downtime  pjUars  ofthe  goveiilipi^iii^iii'. 
throwilig  b  vferr  obitadle;  and  dmtcuKjr;  ai^d  embarra^nwcint  ill ' 
the  way  of  iU'  adniini^tratdra»  as  if  it  were  a  i^yerninteiit'; 
equally  pl^ressiVb  with  that  of  Af^eri  or  Toi!k6tj  otf  ail  if 
they  could' dielrive  advantage  from  ana^hy.  Should  they  btf 
Gtthsed  with  flnkl  success  in  thdrendeaVours,'thby  and  their 
pMtefitJTwttt  moiirn  the  consequences. 

Thtfnatibflal  vessel  ia  oh  rocks  and  quicksai^dSi  aiiA'ii&.  d&n- , 
ger  of  shipw^ck.    There  is^  m6i^6ver,  a  largjer  ahdm^tHb'^^ 
formidable  vessel  prepari^gall  pcMssible  .means  for  her  de- 
struction.   Yet,  instead '6feffbi^s  to  exiH^tehe|>,th^,  criew 
are  distraeted  'by  k  *  drapiite  lioiiir  she  can^ti  mU  that  sitiiatltfi^; 
The  gi^hd  aid  otil)^  object  of  apart  oftheinis  t6^  the  helitl' 
info  their  own  huidd-^aiid  rather  than' hdligiiccbedy  they'ar<»^ 
resdlved  shei  shldl  go  to  pei^ditii^.    This  party  sijreari^  all^ 
the  difficulty  aiid  daUger  are  bWi%'jto  the  imbee|^ty^  th6 
cdn-uptiiiii, th«'mR<^^S8 >ik(t  fbllVof  the  pjlbt,  whbin  ti^% 
threaten'  with"<<  a  h^ter,'*  or  1o  piit  hihi  asfKfi^e  «oii  the 
MaKa  of  ElbA;**    Th^otlibrs  swear  with  equait  vefaeiittii^nee. 
that  the  refhictriiby,  turbillehi'»  and  factious  spirit  of 'the  m)^-  ' 
titaous'peirf  ofthecriiWhkti'run'the  vfiSsel  agrbuii4.V  :7helr 
are  acc^lHiKngly  determined  to^defeh'd^the  pilot.    A  fdw  ihM- 
viduals,  who  see  that  both  porttenliad  contnbuted  to  produce 
tfaii  oaltlihittttis  eveiit,  in  vdiii  hbld^but  <<  lE^e  <»m  jfra^A^**  ; 
andlmplore'them  to  silspdifid  alt  enquiries  as  te  the  cad|e  o^ 
the  danger  till  the  ship  is  righted.    It  is  In  vaiii.    Millie  t^' 
piii«ttes  ate  more' and  moi'e  inflamed  agithst  each  ot^eri'  tjie 
vcHmcI  h Algies  on  a  sharp '  roci'^ovirn ;i(h)B '  Kbe»^p{tot-^$id,^ 
suppdmeni— att^  mutiiieers— aiid  )p6acb  'nJiiKer$-^I  'iif  onei 
common  destruction. .  «   .  <w 

This  I  afh^f(^krfur  will  be  oui*  fate,  tt  may  bb  WveMea. 
All  that  is  h(»(i(;siary  is  fb^  a  feWtnQUViitial  mbti  )n%(6' Wri 
ent  states  t^st^pforward^bttrj^  tHb  hktcM^iti(  ift^,  iifi^i» 
an  minUf  cohnideratibris  wfiilij  thief  ves^lsf instate  isiii  Aa^geri 
This  polie]^  is  so  obviously jii^t;  th^it^bMhuniiriiii  InaMW ' 


mflcji  Tb  tun  mtsf  EDtrioir. 


il 


tkTQighoiit  tbe  iihioii  setting;  the  example,  woidd  hare  iulE- 
di^nt  effleaey  toaeednij^h  the  blessed  object  of  saving  their 
•ovntrir.  ;  • '  ; 

Will  the  Clarkwnn,  the  Bays,  the  Ludloirs*  ttie  fLtmmmh 
tile  OgdetM,  the  Pearsalis,  the  Ijenoxes,  th^  Batri^ons,  the 
hkmrtmikB,  the  DI*€ortaiicks,  of  New  Tork-^the  WtiUngs* 
fif^  FrakielBcs^  the  Norrises,  the  Biddies,  the  LatUners* 
fhe  TilehmanSf  the  Wains,  the  BUstons,  the  LewiBes,  of  Phi* 
fftdefolifi^th^  Gillteoi^,  the  OliVers,  tbe  Steretl,  l^e  Hoiy- 
miB,  iMie  Smi^s,  tht^  Bk^ee^  ttie  OralMi^,  the  Ckwkes,  of 
jBiltiiBiorte"*  and  other  isiiteb  elrtimable  Ipleralists  tfarangbovt 
fte  uhibh,  eontiillte  to  regard  #itb  apathy  the  ^angelrs  ot 
fbeir  ^ebanntry,  ^nd  not  make  «  bold  and  ^ctsive  iitaiid  to  res- 
pite her?  Ko.  It  catth«t  bib.  Heaven'hM  iK>t,  1  hope,  so.fitf 
Ifetifed  OB  «^  of  itii  Ihvourable  remeinbieaiiee,  as  to  abandon 
|A  tosteeh  a  frightftd  dcStUy.  ft  will  at  thi^  late  hoar  inter- 
iiiiise  fo^  dw  raiv&tion,  and  dispel  the  biirribi^  inistB  of  pas- 
nbd  vhd  pTejiidloe— of  itoadiiess  aild  foHy^^wbich  intercept 
from  our  view  the  abyss  thi|t  yawns  befi»re  qs,  r^fl4l  to  swat- 
few 'tte'ii|»  in  riDmied|llBssde6trtfi^on.  .<<  n  U.c 
^  'In  EMplMd,  the  opi^ltMM  tto  the  mild^  Is  dWaya  Vio* 
Bfit,l»iCllko  th«  «#p^  tooj^ncirally  tUicettea 
~  Iv^M  the  iiiiilaMVf  df  l^iMienl,  %hiMiher  teer^ 
Mse.'  B^t  thereis in  parljatneni  ^  siibstantial  toikn/^ 
l,^hilBhoc|cli(do4ially  votes  with  the  liiinistiBr,  and  oe< 
ly  With  the '  <f^  ol^posing 
b  iidilidiiiefetfee  dietatei^.- 
It'tt  a  ibest  dnlbH^iikte  fact,  that  in  congress  the  niimber 
dlsi^^Ws  df  t^B  d^cMptfon  is  very  smaU,  That  body  may 
Vb^l^cAhil^f  Iclh&^d  ^tb  federidists  and  democrats,  who  too 
t^vM^yr^U)  in  W»Utt l^umns.  There  are,;I  grant,  latida- 
»efe'eMitoteli.ifii^Piy  are  too, rare. 
^"Vliikb  erne  of  Ac^  ^iMbrib/^tures  in  the  nftaation  ^iU 
cqniitry. ,  The  indiid^piibi^ktradherenc^  to  party,  and  uii- 
AMiu|lpio^  of  patt^.  tm^ments,  encourage  m  leaden  to 
^i^dftlo  txttem&iet,  ahU  to  adopt  Vibtent  and  pemiilons 
tte^V^f  WM^'Wjn^  of  their  Mowers  jnay  re- 
" -^  4^|.  11^  Wbl6|i 'thbiK  hAv9  ndiJnUhOe  eimgh  io 
IMirtk^Mt.    This  hiia  been  in  dl  chantries  the 

,^  _  ibtfbt  fll^e'icofilsequences  Of  ^he  iinhlily  and  dele- 

miiiiik>fiiffoffi^iibib.  ltteh,ortginanyQrth^i|#c^1ieaHi 
iAd  f d^  tpeil^HoJii' ^  by  tlhiA  ignUfihiu,  ^aally  eor- 
iibtla,  And  ted  iN»p1»y  ^p  to  uhite  m  kcti  at  vrhkh»  they 
~  i!d,ii^.W^!iBdlh%n«^ikceteent  of  their  career,  have  reaUei 
%1imor  M'e0^HU   I  beUeve  It  is  a  sonnd  politietti 


.'V7»*hli 


IS 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIB8T  SDITION* 


maxinu  that  a  thoroughgoing  party^imn  nevei(  was  a  pe^teU^ 
honest  piaitieians  for  there  hardly  ever,  yet  was  a  party  fk^ 
from  errors  aiid  crimes*  more  or  less  gross,  in  exaet  propor- 
tion to  the  foPy  (^  the  wicicediiess  of^tc^  leaders. 

The  Jew*,  when  besieged  by  Titus,  within  the  waUs  of 
their  metropolis,  availed  themselves  o^,  the  cesi^aiiciiii  of  hpsr 
tile  attaeks  on  the  part  of  their  extern:^  euj^mies,  to  glut  l^eir 
veng^nee,  and  malice,  an^  faetioas  spirjlty  by  butchering 
eaehyotheiv<HUi4  ibiu^  both  parties  fell  f^^^  faay  prey  io  tho 
invaders.  To  this  deplorable  pitch  of  madness  toe  luvde.not 
pt'arrived.  But  tht^pe  hav^  Itl^erto  escaped  this  calamlhr* 
IS  not  for  want.of  ii^ustry  witiiB jMrt  of  fome  persons  who 
are  unceasingly  eifi||oyed  as  inceMiaries  in  bIowiui|;  vp^e 
flames  of  disqordi^.andprepNftriBgusfor  siniilar  scenes*  Ti» 
cool,' and  ddm*  an^i  ifBinpci^ts  p^rt  of  the  qommimi^'iippi^at; 
toi*pid  and  languid^^and  take  no  steps  to  avert  th^  kynm  c|^ 
tastro|»iie.  I^et;  thpm  awake  .from  thieir  alumbers  soon ;  or  fi,t 
no  diaitant:^dayi)  the.evil  inay  be  remediless,  and  they '  will  iii 
vain  moum  oveir~th0ir  fd^ly. ,  ,       ,  ,     ^ 

t  believe  Mr.  Madison  iKvf(Kitlyqprig|it|,  that  his  adiniii<« 
istration  of  tl^  g^^rnment  b{!S,Wn  oqndvcte4  ^th  aa  piu^^ 
intentijQfia, aserer actuated  a ti^t pif^^^^t/f^fitn^.^m^irji 
andthatlord; C/bfi%^ni  or  the  gneat  SttUy  wpiud  naye  ^^4 
ita  very  arduous  tiuplf  to  manage;  ii^e  his^fu  ipder  thfi  di|^<ii 
ties^  «]^^al  andint^maU  that  l^;,&as  had  to  ebnten^wll^ 
But  if  it  were  aqaestioo  that  reUted  wholly  ^  ]!|IKfdif^^ 
or  his  administration;  I  should  never  have  fresp^i^a0d'jwi;^i|i 
public^•*^Were  Mr.  Madison  as  pai^ottcfi|i:Cu|tiuS|.  or  ,^e 
Decii,  who  grace  the  Roman  storyrr^d i|8  immacttlAio  a?  jWI 
archangel— -nay,  were  all  the  heroes  and  stateismen  of  .'ia^ 
revolution  restored  to  life^  and  (^ptrusted  with  tlie  adi^feiis* 
tration— -I  should  consider  their  honoiir,  their  interests^  their 
hamiin«i8s»  or  their  safety,  as  dnat  jlfaihe  hall^lee  <;9nmf«il 
with  the  salvation  of  eight  iqpmnii  of  pe<^e.  Vu  ;e, - 

It  is  difllcu)t  to  conceive  an  plyiect  more  wortibj^.^flif» 
eSSNrts,  <^  an  ivi'dent  mind.  A  review  of  history  \d^  ^Mwrliiea 
any  reasonahlc^  or  candid  person>Nt)^at  there  neTer  w;i|«y  «ii^ 
indttbitftbiy  ther^  Is  not  at  present  a  tnarQ  interest^ni^'-'"^'  '^ 
of  the  humaii  { species,  than  the  inhahltaiits  of  tlie 
States.  .Th^|!*e  );|iever  was  a  nfition  i|i  wMcb  i^D  <lu^ 


4 

they  are  here,  and  where  the^  were  seinir0d  by  4aeH|l<M^|'^ir 
saerifiees.  I  am  not  m  blind,  an  admirer  (^  it,  is /^t 
to  ace  that  it  has  defects.  There  never  wiis  ai  'natioii  or.  in- 
dividual free  from  them*    But  take  all  the  leading  jiqiiil^.^al 


blessings' and  com&rts  of  life  i^fcre  more  fiiliy  c|if)^7^ 

"byjMliA 


■  fiv 


FBBVAOK  'ra  THB  FIBST   BDITIOM. 


19 


|;ive  «S8iiiAnce  of  happineas^  and  ^ifftMrd  the  necessary  ipttica- 
tions  of  r^apt^tabHitjp  s  and  at  BO  period  can  there  be  found 
a  nation  standing  on  mc^Ki  elevated  jp^uund. 

T^e  former  pjBints  of  diffarence  between  the  federalists  and 
democratfi  J^ave  lost  nearly  air  their  impwtaneo.  They  are 
nereed  in  pbjeota  erf  incomparabiy  higher  moment.  Evili  of 
inoaTculable  magnitude  menace  us.  A  powerful  enemy yflush- 
ed  With  succjBsar  avid  with  superabundant  meanaof  annoyance* 
hovers  on  oar  coasts,  and,  through  his  formidable  navy,  is 
enabled  to  inflict  on  us  deep  andlasting  iiviury.  And  What 
is  pregnant  with  more  terror  by  far,  instead  of  aidin|f  to  ex- 
tricatjp  us  froni  this  perilous  situation,  the  ontortunity  of  a 
season  of  difficulty  and  danger  is  seized  on  to  dissolve  the 
unio)^»tpndse  up  hostile  andjarring  confederacies,  and  to  des- 
troy the  hopes  mankind  have  formed  of  our  noble  govem- 
me^tal  expeiriment. 

To  continue  to  dispute  about  the  minor  points  tiiat  have 
divided  the  parties  heretofore,  .would  be  madness.  How  su- 
portative  would  be  the  folly  and  absurdity  «f  two  men,  who 
were  fighting  ajbout  the  interior  decorations  and  arrange- 
ment of  an  edifice,  regardless  of  the  operati<ms  of  two  others^ 
on4  of  whom  was  undermining  and  preparing  to  blow  it  up  in 
the  air,  aiid  the  other  providing  a  torch  to  set  it  on  ilrei  A 
strait  jacket  would  be  too  slender  a  restraint  for  them.  Such 
is  the  folly  and  madness  of  those  democrats  and  federalists, 
who  continue  their  warfare  about  the  mode  of  administering 
the  constitution,  or  the  persons  by  whom  it  shall  be  adminis- 
tered, at  a  time  when  the  constitution  itself  is  in  danger  of 
being  destroyed  root  and  branch. 


^'e  plan  of  this  Wbrk  may  require  some  short  explanation. 
I  believe  the  country  to  bo  in  imminent  danger  of  a  convul- 
sion, whereof  the  human  mind  ^annot  calculate  the  conse- 
quences. The  nation  is  divided  into  two  hostile  parties, 
whose  animosity  towards  each  other  is  daily  incniased  by  in- 
flUunmatory  publications.  Each  charges  the  other  with  the 
guilt  pf  having  produced  the  present  alarming  state  of  affairs. 
.In  privatejifi^,  when  two  individuals  qii^rrel,  and  each  jl)e- 
liove^  tlbc  other  wholly  in  the  wrong,  a  reconciliation  is  hardly 
practica]lkle.  But  when  they  can  be  convinced  that  the 
errors  are  mutual— as  is  almost  universally  the  case — they 
open  their  ears  to  the  voice  of  reason,  and  are  willing  to  meet 
each  other  halfway.    A  maxim  sou|id  in  private  affairs,  19 

C 


-%s^ 


i4 


PKBTACE  TO  THB  VlMT  MWiWHU 


rvptly  uMoimd  in  piibHe  life.  Wliile  a  yioleiit  fMeraUit  be- 
lieveB  all  tke  evils  oif  the  present  state  of  tiil^ga  have  arisen 
fivm  tlie  guilt  of  tlie  adminktratlony  nothing  lesa  #111  satisfy 
him  than  hurling  Mr.  Madison  from  the  seat  of  gotemmen^ 
and  sending  hisn  to  Elba.  While,  on  the  ^tttwr  hand*  a 
vifdent  demoerat  persaades  himself  that  all  oar  evils  have 
arisen  from  the  difficulties  and  embaitassments  eonstMitly 
and  stei^dily  tiirown  in  the  way  ^  the  administration  by  the 
federalistst  he  is  utterly  averse  to.  any  ooinproBiiie<— £aeh 
looks  down  upon  the  other  with  scpm  and  ndtred*  as  the 
jdiarisee  m  the  goroel,  upon  the  publieafi.  I  have  endea- 
voured to  prove,  and  I  believe  I  have  fally  proted,  that  eaeh 
party  has  a  heavy  debt  of  error*  and  folly,  ahd  guilt,  to  an- 
swer fbr  to  their  injured  country,  and  to  pdiiterity-^and,  as  I 
liave  stated  in  the  body  of  this  work,  that  matnal  forgiveness 
is  no  more  than  an  act  of  justice— and  can  lay  no  claim  to  th» 
charaeter  of  liberality  on  either  side. 

But  even  Supposing  for  a  taioment— what  probably  hardly 
ever  occurred,  since  the  world  was  formed— that  tlie  error  Is 
all  on  one  side,  is  it  lessi  insane  for  tiie  other  to  increase  the 
difficulty  of  extrication— to  refuSe  its  aid— 4o  embarrass  t^e 
who  have  the  management  of  our  afikiirs  ?  My  house  is .  on 
fire.  Instead  of  calling  for  aid— or  providing  fire-engines— 
or  endeavouring  to  smother  the  flames — I  institute  an  inquiry 
how  it  took  fir&— whether  by  accident  or  design-oind  if  by 
desigpi,  who  was  the  incendiary,  and  further  undertake  to 
pnnlsh  hinl  for  his  wickedness  j  a  most  wise  and  wonderftil 
praeedure— and  just  on  a  level  with  the  wisdom,  and  patrio- 
tism, and  public  spirit  of  those  sapient  members  of  congress, 
vrho  spend  days  in  making  long  speeches  upon  the  causes  of 
the  war,  and  the  errws  of  its  management,  every  idea  where- 
of has  been  a  hundred,  perhaps  a  thousand,  times  repeated  in 
the  newspapers,  instead  dT  meeting  the  pressing  ami  impe- 
rious necessity  of  the  emergency. 


mm 


I  claim  but  one  merit  in  this  production,  and  tl^at  is  by  no 
means  inconsiderable.  It  is,  that  with  a  perfect  knowledge 
of  the  furious,  remorseless,  never-dying,  and  cat-thioat  hosi^ 
tility,  with  which  Faction  in  all  ages  has  persecuted  those 
wlio  havd  dared  oppose  her— and  perfecdy  satisfied,  that 
with  us  she  is  as  implacable,  as  malignant,  and  as  inexorable 
a  monster  as  she  has  ever  been,  I  have  dared,  nevertheless* 
to  state  the  truth*  regardless  of  the  consequences.    I  Was*  it 


VMrACE  TO  TKE  nasT  afiTKm. 


^ 


if  tnie*  relue^nt.  I  tbould  h»ve  pi^ferre^  !>7  A^r*  f<ur  tb^ 
rc«ti«il|^Mr  of  mjlife,  ateeriiig  c^earpf  ^^  q^eksiuids  of  Vo* 
litics.  '  Ilone  of  the  <que8Uon8  that  haye  jt^ei^eiofore  ,^?iiae4 
ysaUw  ii^  ilib.obuiitry  oo^ld  have  Mfi^e^  mo  to  yebture  .Mijion 
the  lempestaous  oeean.  But  at  a  crisie  like  the  {woF^entf 
neutrality  Would  be  guilt.  The  question  now  is  between  t&e 
friends -of  80(^  order,  an4  jacobins«  ^ho  are  endeavouring 
to  destroy  the  whole  fitbrie  w  govenim^|i^»  yvith  the  slender 
ohaneeof  bwU()ing  itiip  ag;4><^Q^W<^9F!l  ])i^^<ieiMBd  h^^ 
on  one  side*  and  eiVil'war  af)4  anfureli^  ontbe  other*  M  U- 
jpptentiible  delusioii  iirevaUs.  T6e  eooiin^wiiU^  sbvt  t;|ieir  eye^ 
Mainst  tbe  truth  c^n  the  swlgeoi/  But,tl^^  is  the  real  state 
.oTt^e  case*  or  ram  as  grossly  deceived  as  ever  was' bi^nah 
.being^v ,  ^9^  Mmew  some  of  our  influential  iqien  exert  them- 
selves to  allay  ^tbdstwm,  a  few  ihort  nipnths  will  exchange 
doubtinto  awAil  and  dreadful  certainty. 

While  I  was  deliberpiing  about  the  sacrifice  which  such  a 
publication  as  this  requires,  one  serious  and  affecting  consi'* 
deration  removed  tily  doubts,  and  decided  my  conduct.  See- 
ing thousands  of  the  flower  of  our  nopulation— to  whom  the 
spring  of  life  just  opens  with  aU^ts  jo]|b,  and  pleasures,  and 
enchantments— prepared  in  the  tented  fleld  to  risk,  or,  if  ne- 
cessary, sacrifice  their  lives  for  their'bduntry's  welfare;  I 
thought  it  yrould  be  baseness  in  |ne,  whose  sun  has  long  passed 
the  meridian,  and  on  whom  the  attractions  of  life  have  ceased 
to  operate  <with  their  early  &scinatio|Uf,  to.b*ye  declined  any 
risk  that  mightj^1sefk«m  the  effort  to  ward  off  the  parrlei- 
dal  stroke, aimed  at  a  country  to  which:!  owe  such  heavy  ob- 
ligations. Witlfrthis  viiw  of  the  sulyeet  I  could  not  deijide 
•ttierwise 4ban  Ihave done. 

On  the  «xeeution  of  the  work  it  behoves  me  to  oflbr  a  fe^v 
jenarka.  I  know  it  is  very  considerably  imperfect.  Itis  hard- 
ly possible  to  prepare  any  work  under  greater  disadvantages 
tlian  have  attended  the  Olive  Branch.    A  large  pcMrtion  of  it 
is,  therefore,  crude,  and  indigested,  and  without  order.  Were 
it  a  treatise  on  morals,  religion,  history,  or  science,  which 
cohU  not, suffer  by  the  delay  neceraanr  to  mature  and  metho- 
■  duioit^lshoiild  be  unpardonable,  and  deserve^the  severest cas- 
^^lation^ollcari^iPim,!^  presenting  it  to  the  public  in  tbis  uii- 
V  li|nlsbsA#t||le.    Bjut  the  exigences  of  tiie  tUnes  are  so  press- 
ing, that  wove  it  delsyed  tUl  I  could  ^ig^t  it  properly»vit 
.  night  |iieiiM|r  ,<nito(  season. 

jfi !  fit  would  be  ni^t . were  I  not  to  acknowledge  the  numeri^ns 
and  weighty^diUiitimia  I  owe  to  «  Tha  Weekly  Register»" 


iiltiittieiit,    But 

Ptl|jlt!0ieiii0lkt,ii 
tTfiitliidlltetelitibii 


neter  to  fiQ4  apoMief  ft^^ttte ! 


->     ■.■*^,'i■' 


rl  ail  alAQiiir  ^^iniiiit  g^t AU  eii^cMlillMB  •i«i3f»lift. 
nulvierpiuide|SBet»^4ts  wawt^Of 'iiiHilii  ^mA  -^e-^gyiNit 
lJDIj^fr<^ti<iB  of  Its  Me  ft^d  liil|iiili«^«i^ 


tli^  imHkwiKtmi  the  twlMiHiree,  tbier  ihiiiMni^  tliatipei^- 
v^jde  the  commnnitjry  and  ave^  pregnant  with  aaeh  atiiibii% 


Of  tbe'^tinke  that  ha#  elaptid  sinee  its  fthit  ij^i^iNi^  <I 
]i«v«  fttilUd  mysett;  "to  im]lfy^i(^  tf«thiMli<^^^4^ 
g^it;    Aildalthongh  ram  ^ 


jiiR|  if  to  bCrlteif^t,  jr^  I  hoM  ft  ^M  Ibill^^liBiN^illtt. 
iS^mm  jMtronage  than  it  waiB  [hii#^^iliid«MliMII< )"  "^ 

It  etabraces  a  very  conviiii(NI  perioff^^r^histilbji^ 
baa  been  written  under  no  common  disadf^antaMa*^  I  jiave 
Igbotired  under  a  great  d^ieii^he^  of  ^viiH^tift^ifill^lMi^ 
'd6eiii6entisi^  Whieli  no93certion»biivettitift|V#kM:ti>^^ 


limM  i^%tiy^  iumfmnsM^mk 


% 


^!«I 


m 


llUitt^W  liven  lfe»Aiy««#^  ini  eoltottlcfte4i|ii^iMiM«nto 
'i«llilllm»MeM  to  tboiiv  iit»rHiffkilit  nM^M^e  to  fie 

iiM#^lllg^  VH^^  (€  lttilikit|f''WUM'^»  fth^     tad 

B'^(^MNlf9M'i^e«le  ^b^  to  the  iiMkil«i^  Htertttnie. 
^<f|*'ii«Mi>1iai  M  ilttnMftitMig  lntlfR«ra  ^Moh  eT  Uoel  eplcM- 
4M^trilMiM!tf«r'lrjb(M4Mm  ir«^^  il»tiif<l«iit  ««terMs 

didl>»«MhUlieht8^eiUoMi|f  IW  te«)M»ir 

'li|iMie^^^-«lrfhM  bitai  to  whiidiMl  mfiii  «fe  6ill»j<Nk«in  tt|^t«r 
ov^lM#iegitfii,  «ll«B  tife«Ml^  <M  sui^e^te  "Wliclrtfiti  tfi^y  f^el 
«ll^«teiMB(|i>>^^t^^^^  ItaiVelttkMired 

ilHIlM  of  |^«IMklri|g  tlie  ^iaei<  witlVib^^tiiMiiH^«6cilti^eiits 

^iikf^l4tl^  «MMred/^fiiiM^^'IMV«>'HlirHttei^  tlklNtt'tllil^'iItt>'t«ls 
-4|Mi«rititf  i^ii^nl(|yiMI7lK?W  Ibr  «  ihi#,ilii<iiiyi^, 

giTe  tli«iMlyeii  off  it ;  Md  kmk,  laborious  Bearches  ^%'^^. 
'-«ir^llgl^^WthtMt<^'1it««ii»f  refllifetiOii '#{%»•'  fr«in 

i«flbl«'«rii«eiiiiiiMii^iiMMn^  itftiMiiliirii^mtyi^- 

<ieiifieriiiet  Ih^lMfm  1^ 


/w 


Ike  ftetefff  fiMt^iMPiItt  nlMtlie  Fitilio  Miidii»: 
;m4  whie^lt  9«Hirirl»Br«wliig  b^  tiljMfttti 
ipirfl,  «C tralli  pMliil  the  wilmne  nf  th^  4Miirfi7.tHi«*ter ; 

flvO  wiK^tkcveiiill  be  »«lnigile  ttiro^Httheynitey  Air 

odC^ dRiBili imUBette. ind  thi  ■■tihWihiiiif  nfi^fiBrr 
iyii  whttiriiiiiii  tin  timitr^  vUlMMiiMAwiikaMMiittHHiiaBr 

|]r  foffWiffd  by  kenveiir  if  en  IfcA^fevy  wmm^M-m^^ii'il*/ 

Tk^'  ^d«we  may  :1m  eiTMCMii,  i  fBkpri^ttmmmmMii^ 

ef  neet  of  my  frieiids.  "|?^e  inu»<of  ihe  wwPIIPllKvWWpt 
,9f^jAt|^i^efi^^>^^ 

bjr  ike  inllviie^f 6  lpi#egbifitiM  f^c^iff  rW(|t«y, ,  Itmim 
.Wli  |)ie  bi|||iyifif««lly  wi%^ii|^,ii^^  j^ 
f^BelMi^tse,  mf  ve«t  !i^ 

eMVfeiM^^pPfe  tikif  is  ■c«fi,l*i|Fl«lifDlrv  Jlnik  I^Hi^jIM^e 
llQ  oilier  HnpiRgP*  II  eoi«ptf^^i^8if((gie¥p*  ;wl|e%Wl  4^^ 
lifi^tiii^  nnpfoeek  ef  <tepgiy>f  fw^tyJw  iw  yrngiWtiitiMp 

ttlieiMNfe,  bowever  perniciAiis  tQtiiiy^eir»4MlMiMltiM^A^ 
, ^e  ni^iBeit .  addreiwt 5 to  Aitfile ^ teriw  «n^^iiii|ivit^--tD 

8«ri8liii«ii^it|ioiit  «n  r>ffitt%c  iH»n  fHHiSuine  iVodimA^  ,|  >||i- 
vM  4fce4Mteijipig»  t)^#ii4«  (|my>)»A*yMKit(iii«y  «ot,)^, 

f iieee«i»  ei  to,pa^  me  1j^Me<i«e<lt  Itiei  ^mfiJuHfum^'fii 

;|Nmi  iii^mif^H^.  tiiip}ftt\mi^iifmm^  mm'- 

■  m«fij^!tbiie^|iiee#.«ii»  feMttyilnM«?#«l'lliwemigliti«imil^ 
othew;  alldihi|i|b^»tfM^.|lfftiifMFMl|«(«(Wl)ttbe^4^^ 

wlifsih  ¥M^  mffpMr^iwMimiiMi  w4^44<i^iKy^^ 
JHeM  i|PYe{|p|i^^iri|l).fftie|itfA4»rpl4  apMUiy  ipffi 


s4t 


au- 


prepare 
ftrmelioi 


WtttNUn  TO-TM  ■iCOVD  IDITnin 


iwtk<lOTijiip,igHiafliii>iaf^ 

■d  m  wnMUM  ra|B  of  Mr  wHWtry; 

im  tkul  Ums  ■•»  4ie  Mnriravi»ivfc«i  I  m9»  | 

wiiMt  ttfid  ip  Tftiik    SiMNild  I  foil*  im.mif'm^ 


Hit  rtiB  be  in>fiB»  <*  wfljiilt  iaacWI  •wil.» 


',■■■-( 


,j  ';i*- 


vv. 


lilP- 


if  iil>lrtl0  luin  'vi  hrt6i*0if  111  |lie  ^yttina  ^  "  " 


Hi  of  iftc  iMref  ^ 


It  Ai  well  i«|^  ira  eip^et  to  re.«iiite»  witiiMit  JUv»  the 
IHtineMli  «f  An  eMMiBtmeehda  VMe,  iluiiltored  toplcteiy 
■•'to<»itorvtke  lalMi^  if  diaeokad  bat  m  <nw  hour*  . 

III.  A  period  of  wiir.  tntf  iii?|wioB>  Mtd  d«nger,  is  «lli^ 
viitt  IW  jrepeiring  or  imdn&kg  •  emstttiitiOB.  NotUpg  hwf 
oeBfttlelteeaPafiieeotoftlieatleBipt  . 

'  IFk  0«ii^relWtehiiigtoii,bbieldgMy»otteQrtbeMbleiK 
eflbrto^r  bimui  wisdom,  imiiresiiyely  irged  bis  eovBtryBMi 
to iNMhl  ladigMilty  «]iOB «il7  tttonpt to  lilpilr  or  dJssolio 
tbe  HHioM.  ■•     >  '.r^\>^^'r.r--    -  ■  ■ 

■"'t.  ^Ib  bofllie  BiMMiit  iNywers  t  dinolatioii  wvM  bp  of 
iiiMii^iise  aiidiiilealdalble  sSN^Mtlg^ 

^▼i.  R  ivoiddbe  iii^xArieJMlUe  ftj^^  tad  ilisdlieib  to  !re{(# 
fko  jpdiiejr  dletaied  bv  Washington^  and  fi^ow  that  wuen 
.i»oind  be  dietoled  bf  tMse  powers  of  Btnbpe  wlui  rM»rd  Mr 
ln«6peilt|^^M^'J4doiisy.  3 


>I«AN  OF  AK  UNION  fiOClBTr. 


dlPJiitihild^ONrMrnMiaMlwiiaa.   . 
Ml*Uad«ilaati«Ha 


jUMIpjl  tf  Ami  liMiilMki  <ll*wi  of  vov 


WAmOABttaay  dkafteted  dtitens  lia?e  leag  Ubooed  ti 
epare  the  iwilAic  m£od  for  a  dHMolntion  of  tiie  vniea,  muH  Ibift 
niatioBotM|attatoeonfBderacieB$  And  Hteress  they  hate  at 


■J^»;;MAU!, 


m 


ftm^A9^  TO.  TP:iP^<^  WWiOir. 


rangjOi  piibUclj  iMid  dariiulyayMNdthiir  flagUious  deMguiAnl 
whereM  the  ewnrience  or  all  bUiiiiy  to  th«  presejat  ^ino  wfiwdi 
jthe  moat  comploM  prapf  that  s^ch  {UupUtiona  of  eiisti|i|  Ibrmi  w 
government,  arid  tnefditnatibn  of  n'ew  oneb,  hirt  timm  InvaKi- 
Ut  pvodncM  bldbiljr  civil  wiura«  the  greateit  cinrt^  that  fter  iMkt^ 
M  nuuakind  i  an^hrhereal  ^e  preeent  form  of  the  gelltral  gornm- 
nentf  if  dulr  mnported  bj  onr  citizcna,  is  calculated  to  prddice 
as  h^  a  degree  df  haBpinesi  as  iMik  e«ef  Mien  to  the^  lit  of  toy 
nation )  and  whereas  tbe  separate  confilderacies^  contenmlated  aa 
■vAwtitiites  for  the  present  general  conlodorae]^  even  if  it  worn 

"  le  to  establish  them  peaceably,  wonld  be  pregnant  with  in^ 
laMe  ftttiurt  wars,  such  u  haire.  nhnpst  constimtly  prevailed 

rvfen  neiihbonriiwBtptes,  with  rival  interosito*  realor  simpe^ 
aiid  tNMld  hold  out  eveiry  possible  indmoemf  pt,  Mid  ^^Wf  oeiini* 
plefai^^tfto  fordgn  nattonsyto  array  each  agiUast^  o»er»anj| 
thus  itilfttMte  th^  whole,  or  at  least  render  ^^n  depen^rattiupek 
or  subaertlilnt  to  these  foreign  nations  |  end  #heHta«,  fnaim  ft 
Vrould  be  i^lute  madneie  to  throw  awa^  the  indllMlible  Weio- 
ioKS  we  enjoy,  for  ^e  mere  chance  of  bettering  our  condiiioii^  illld 
•till  more  for  the  absblirte  certainty  of  rendcnmil  ft  moetf  wdl^ : 
4  Therefore  ruolved,  that  ytt  the  sul^icvttten  do  asseeinte  ui^eir 
the  titieof  th^  Washimotoh  UifioH'SotfinTT,  of  vphiohtiiofol» 
lowingistbe  ■'.  -     ' '.     .,  • 

^  CONSTITUTION.  ' 

I.  We  solemnly  pledge  ourselves  to  support  by  every  iMinourt^ 

Ue  and  legal  means  in  our  power  the  eiiaang  foWn  of  mi  gen^nl 

governmenfj    '  ■'^f'"'       '''•■- 

.  II,  That  we  will  use  our  utmost  endeavours  to  eounteraet  in 

far  as  in  our  power,  allplots  for  the  dissolution  of  the  union** 

UI.  Thai  we  will  omtespond  and  cheerfolly  co-operate  with  all 
individuals,  and  bodies  of  men,  in  aH-partaof  the  umon,  who  have 
thei^me  view*  with  us  on  the  object  embraced' in. the  second 
^^rtiele,  however  they  may  differ  from  us  on  other,  political  topice. 
']'  IV.  Thiat  ^e  <rfBcers  of  the  society  shall  he  a  preuaentivice- 
'^pitsident,  secretary,  treasurer,  committee  of  correspondence,  ai^ 
oommittee  of  elections. 

V.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commit^  of  correspondence* 
to  invite  the  good  citizens  of  this  state,  and  of  the  other  stat^, 
to  form  simlljir  epcieties  (ind  to  coi^eqM^ndidth  fhe.m  |,  to  inves- 
tigate and  enose  to  public  abhorrence,  the  various  plsiis  that  haye 
bMn  ad«^d  from  time  to  time,  to  efl^t  the  parncidi^'  Wtcvo^^ 
^«f  disolving  the  union;  to  pface  in  the  Strongest  point  of  llpit  ilie 
;advanta{^8  of  our  blessed  form  of  government,  With  thfe^mmMn- 
dous  consequences  of  civil  war,  ahd  (th%  inevitilile  irelfilf'«f  a 
separation)  mt  belnj|^  ihstrunients  in  the  hands  of  the  great  powers 
(Of  Europe,  to  annoy,  ravage,  depopulate,  slattg^ti^,  and  wsfroy 
■each  other.   '  ■—  -.i  '■  „■,< 


ST 


t^if 


!-IV,L. 


^'J** 


'■*^--'*T  'iM'-in  ^mM 


*«'»..4*0;'S  ■ 


*  I  i{    n- 


iMittneatt.    TlMrB  wm  w» 

'^i|i9'>li«p.Tiaili'  to 


r»  ,■» 


:f?w^ 


■  t    '  '  •  ^   .,  ,  .        ■  ■ 

*  The  tMrd  eJDtioD,  of  1350  eopiei,  WM  pripied  ii)  Qoitoii. 

D 


PMIVAOI  TO  tU  ffOUITK  ■DITlOV. 


AMk  of  8«pUnb«r»  ataily  tw»^«ontiM  •mUmt  thn  tlM  fifM 
iJM4  kjr  Uw,  in  orthr  liilwfc»  yiliMirf  M<  sMh  m  •xtrMr- 

to  thwir  tor  tiihm  iiirtw^'<<»MHMii<«tioM>  whkli  «dl«db 

/^'Mi^Im  »h|Mi»thr<far>ii  mhv  liqwiMil«d«li«| 

iiki  lijriiif  ehdm  to  tiM  poMie  giililk«t»  ^  "Bm^  tev« 
ItitoMr  IsillfM  esitto*  to  Mrowto  tvwjr  tMifi '  of  fMHe 
iil#« Mt^totoi ttort luri Itlii doMMiiit to KliMfft  i4ttl 
'FvtoitorrtoMiiwCy^tlieMtoilT  tver^iMMslMlitotarBtliM 
■jbfftjedpptotthratJMiWMtoJi&Mto^^iq^^ 

qrStoiWiililir^t^  «|i0lMait«fi^)wtoM» 

of'  M«y»  ilpd.'«r  Mrt^'diqpiij^  hf  ilM  M^otfity^^^ttia 
Ihe  mijrtoMiiift  th«  itobKoni^  toe  TietoitopMfttkNrortlit  tol* 
Horlty  toail  tortoMMarto  Ibr  #Mek  fito  mmiMi  fttolMbr 
oaUedf^-lMire  fflxei  m  todellbto  ttoitt  •»  Hm^WMoiurf'^ikt 
toirteenth  tmnsttm,  ThW  will  ke  Ifli^  i^nmbtNA  irtto 
eaotoiM  iwltlMrof  gfititM«  iMNT  rMfiet^  Mbirfcei^'t  «M 
iwwwa4eJ,  in  toe  aiiMli  #f  legfeliMeB/  to  Ih^  to  kie  totoid 
lb  iMtoutoeV  preei0«t  tlaie  more  ^rtttttWdagly  toli|pitolit 
*  ISicgr  IM  tees  to  eeeelo^  imaH/  flte  mevtoft  wiieii  toe  tof#e 
of  peii^  MPriVe*.  eiii  bed  toii  three  «pMre  to  ett.*^  ^Tke 
itote,  toe  Miipa  ef  iMwUlito  toid  depndiftlMii  wM^^ftiWHhr 
aiiwoaeft^. '  Aod whet  bivtoey ieee  to'eemreer icve  ttelr 
eountr^  ?  Wbet  prwietoii  bed  toej  mede  of  nee  or  noie^l 
little  er  norie.  Ifeerly  ell  toe  neaeeree  'bdeptod  tor  toe 
eowgMaejr  to«t  bed  been  breigbt  torwerd  to 'eoagreee^'  bad 
P»*en -defeated.*'  -'-..i;  ^  ■..■.• -■■'.',, 

Tto^  tkle  etato  of  TobHeTaitoira  waa .  ealAidtoed  to  o*tito 
Iraruitoof  feeUng^  and  to  call  ferto  a  itreiiiiexHrtoiloik  oTlbNl 
warmtofinuBt  be obrloosMMind  wUt  not  mereljr  ac..^  un  i>i> 
hvik  jaatUy  toe  bigh  wrottght  pawa^jiea  to  be  toottd  Ir  ^  t  •    ." 
wbleb^nnder  otber  eircumetanceiy  niigM  perba|p(f u .    li  j  dtoa 
albto.' '.;    ■^'''-■-  ■  -v  '  -  './  '  ^-'?'t'/  v.;r,  *-'.!,  -fjHi 

It  ^m  bo/iaked,  wbat  good  porpoto  ebn  toertf^ubltottoto 
dftlRs  votftansW  at  prtaent  ?  la  it  not»  ft  wUI  be  aaid.  tor 

thb  Mint.  fiM  >>  fMBSB<^.i(f«am  fi»i)(eriM>  to «».  HM  pavteMot  bam  aiBed  %  •#> 
a^lripi  '.i  ax{)iK^  J«^  ,:  ,>|^b^  A  tUt  OMintrV/ iS  lKnKM«6^iM#MaM  nbt 
«tfi«i7'  to  ^'-^mftyrv  -^^laim  mnO/.  hjnt  Mi-iMi  h  4ib.  %i««b.  8MaM;ir  ait  ink* 
iktkUHj  jpescWto:  twoordim  tmyipjofc  0Mapie4|||  njii^i  toM  M^tei^ftmnt 
«(Anld  StrV^  ra^wi-'.>-\  toniae  fifl;  mMmiottoouij,  iM  to  prorMM  bmmib  we  embo* 
dyisg  an  ivay  oi  (pfOQO  neiw 


'^B  tOTVBfOtfiTH 


MkWrkm,  Hmm to  kw^idlM  ininMHjr  wrfulteMPAt 

4tl«^J«ltoNl4MMtaliHlj^MM'g»'tit»^jiMi«k     Bill 

J.i<toi>ydM*dito»>t<iitoiiA<rMwW^lli0iii<ii| ,   « 


4»Mwt  aiotft  tiMrt  «  Ate  4etott  or»tlit<Miitoai  Mtot  •!  to»  tito 
«,  I  ri  n  toiiwiy  to  pBifiitoito  NiJiHy  bftow^a  <Nifc 

tV«mo«a>ov  Miito^!i>*»'wi»ltotltB»  to  Ml  to  WlMMd'fto^ 


ofmAf  t'lllitow— •■■whttg  the^  BM»toi^  Mtovt^tkttoMkiai 


iMmt^  tii^tStoQi  nilMtokdtat^<M»  iMd 

Mivtott^toMMtoiigr^  pv^oM  mtiil4 
ijprtHitii^ ifirit..;ini>to Mh. jSrtto»ato  the,  fitft pTtlMi 


<lif iiiHP^^» ' giiMiP '»  w»  toiflit  'With  «ftoil  ebuce  ^T 
■itototoiiHmpttotomnjM  •hd'iMilMSiJiglit  Mi  dariwcw*- 

Hmmtiwmkt  f^bnkimmM^m^thmiim  ngrinit  thtir  4Ktot 
to  Aiir  «iwiito|E#  tMy?.will;htH4itptotA  to  ftrglTtt;  tM 
iliyilfiiftii<Hrei»?VWAH*8«»  vhMi.totel«sto  whMWM 
WNi>rfit%'lmi  Mb  mw^ikmkmm  «l«t«d»  •Mi'CMimt  It 

^^.tMlR l»itottti'itoikto« li«n.o(fttr nm   tlitit^ 

4iiiV94Mi  •  heipiii^alhtobttoMto'tfi«B'»!««to.r  Wlmi)»j 

toWrii»>t>totoybtoBi«jbltoa<toi^ 

fWMBtolglltlMld-  -.'\h>l'-r-; 

^>m■«tv«Mly  «Blitotojowr:««Mi    Bjr  ••  titivMinMasr 
limr*^>ilW«M  wiekediM^  we  had  vjui  the  ir«toel  ^ 

Sita.  V  »itoihi»vfi  ykhwa ds,  aa4rhwkf»  whereiilto  wat 
*  

■ig0t,l^*toid  happgr  fiople,  that  the  nm  aver  Milldi  M^ 


imm^mHk  #w9n>  fiC  peitoUi^  w«  h«l  hroaiflit  to  th4 

Mitoi^'ai 


Umim^^Hwrni'mi  to  anr^  Hftae^t  aor  paUto  '^feriVlMr 


'  ■■l;ll 


!   ,      J| 


1 1 


•Hi        fiinkiei  tovmmMm  wmntm, 

port  I  liirr^  eacle«»o«]w4  «n  AeliiMftte  «>ieHft  of  Hie^iiMit 
MilUiUttoriM  faicAEg^n'i^iitellwil'yetMl  irii«etirHilii#>  to 
M^e  if ttgiiide  tt^fiitiiri state  nUots.  I  tmet'the  ehart«ei»- 
tmitoetRmtaedi^teiiillt'elf  iirMMtut%eneftt^^  H'eitiMllk^ 
MTiim^tfnty^ut  niMt^wlUftlilitselUiaxii^  A»ttm  Mie 
mVliMic  4  tlie  AiwtiNRttlret^wid  tetMrinif;  and  execMMb 
VfMt  offitdoi^  iieji^'qithermiee^yiei  emd  raspMMUe,  %ill 
too  Areqaelitlv  saeriflce,  without  Bcrm^te  'oif'itmioX«y><irt>  mMIt 
<ffttf  IttteMffWtlietr  «ooiftoP3^  under  tltadtetatesaad^^^ 
MtitetbeTlft^dftidlaiitaiidaiiiMtlotiNtteill  WhilAteMttb 

u  vTiib^tteirtiim  ofiMi  b^  pmhuf^&m 

itder«i|6liiip6Hanee  to  the  tratlr  of  Iiii(bl^ieM^^^t6#  liiq^ 
Wnese  of  tiiftiikliid;    91di'jpM;«iit  is^  thJM:  fr  1^^ 
danitatvme  a»  liaa  Iieett%ii9^  Idi4itw#  i  j|Ie»^ 

Mtof  HM  ooteiaifoMfivieau.pR#id«d  ^e  liMittKiDt^^iMl^ 
felly  aad  inftpuHiaUy-  ^ItAliiMLted.  It  iMWlidett  tie^fettdiriilfy 
maonwd  that  It  ie  atWiiy  tjlinaf^  to  #i4le'«r  jM»<e<Mt  IfMM 
^Htlkthitlr.  Wftk  ^Ufe  idek  I  was  kHiiiMMd:  #liiiil  I  efe4;i|$ed 
fa  thie  %ork.  And  it  re^ilfed  iioMiaMftk*iti^illai'toiiki^ 
ttf»  iivltfi  the  tia»diliM^if  M«i^tft|f J^niiedi'^ 
^  iBettlie^eveHt  6flirai«UlM«h«aMiei}>atiott^  ^  Wlthdtit«i^ 
^the  adtaatagee  thM  ifStHs^^t^  i«ilk»  «r  eiliiaexioifi  «itfMd, 
Ihaire4aged  yuhltely'td^edH^flietittifr,'  iiidia(w>tdwliMi;^iad'dii». 
1ll«9Mliil^^  Miea^  iiad  yaMftk^  ind 

wBMgiafllieifr*— b]^ '  'itkiAif  |M  dttet*  niiweiy "  'vHtlMMiii  dieiiMtiea 
^parQr^  Aad  the  Miianee  f  |>taeedaaeM'thi^|^  eea^^ 
tlie  tttMie  liae  viot  beeti  dfoimiMiiiiffed.  '4lfjr  eilhH»1liiti^eeik 
MeeitiM%  a  large  'pM^ortibr  df  lift  geoir  Aad^Mteat 'iiHeii'or 
the  nation  with  a  favonr  and  kthdness,  wtiieli  fflMiiy  MMrt 
ttiith  ihe  iao«t  ewiiiliilte  id«iu»a»e'^^Mff  iwildy'r^ttiQr  4iif  bou- 
lile  ttHd  ntf  rlikx-itfttt  iMrrklee  oFir;^  hjMtKfmMi^Wf4tk- 
jtt^^wnmi  atiniqtlhe^^»i%f<e88  orthe  iwuriM^iaiid  %Mtf««»«n. 
«ata«Miiieift1b  pelltleii  wrHieiiB%>  !lhdnfli««^¥llh'Mld«ih^ 
iieiioiffiiUtf  de¥«M«A  to^oiie  |^M^,>ii^ei^  «iith*fe  MiefHe- 
«ii;imd^ftliitor^iniad«)  a  nnre  tiseue  of  flttrtei.  •  ff  iM^olhei^ 
MMi'liid  tfletl  ipMido*ed  hf  tkt*  liok»  1  'AhMdII  «^t4Wfe 
written  in  vain» 

.  I^he  advantages  of  ootemporanembiliiMBig  »e  iijiniVfoiis 
and  weightf «  ¥f%^  the  {MMsing  eventa  are  ^MMsided  and 
»  <ioHiinettttid  tihji  whtte  tlv^  fit^  tt  It  'i|Nsi%'M^eKi9^ Nwn  Har 
i^eib  il  'oiiltf;;reaaitros  lodesty  of  ii^taymi  l»  iMlie  the 
pbrtrait  a  tolerMm  lik^nnss.  Sat  'ii^iim''Wt^tf»t^vii<mnt' 
ttwtifitf*  fern  t^t  aM  paift  aiitt:^)i^*'  it  is  lUbe  tvlMiac 


*'« 


ISHPiAW  isa  f  IP  I^VVTB  «ois|f  ^. 


m 


«M*lMi4i«9  witlitiM  HMHT,  Im  'tienrsi^hiit  in  «Mr  'vf^  the 

Ump^  ant  VelviNPopef  to  Wifif  l&l i^«|li^  Kl^  t^ tu^ 
«lteiBiiea  toy  ana ^j^i^  approve  of  tkiBi^lliii  Mbwi  ati^ 
■Mit'piirt  fiwt  the  Mrlictol^y  any  mewif)  eTtbi^^iidiMwChM: 
VM^v^fiMeh  was  illfniatitfea  as  aatt-feMUiMt*  hibfit« 
||«i  a^plioii  of  «hn  fMena  coiiatiiiiti«iii»  awi  te  aow  < 
d»mmim^*mftitkm^n^-.W*w9n  ealM  anli-llMl^ 
h(Mui«a»fv<^iR^iie^ni#imh|vve  1^ 
44tttll»  toltoi«tMfaB«(iM,4itttbtiiig  the  WMlicalfi^  ^i^pa^- 
fliMN»4iltoi!«ranto«'  lrf^ivei<«  wuilaiM  extniMM 
wm4mti0m^in  mukf  m  Ms  Juatorea,  and  «^<^Jtt 
id^bliliaasnttl  tohate  l«i«di|^est  Meia  <«r9liii^#tfiii 
«b«ls«H*e igofevm^ietttB^  m^lmi  lived  to  saa^ottjr^ifi^iy^e 
lii£M»atiei>-«M|<to4^Mttttto;  atfd  deploM  ^^tm^wimiB' 

toiea«i#»niy  «pi^Nl^s«»d  infereases  «ith  ^i«ii«|i(m^lc)i 
l0^m$BmiUf,  mm  ib»lMability  ^mf^tk0nw  the  in- 
fluence  of  mat  biasr  Wluchf  more  or  lei9,  eveifjf  iiii&*^feel8 
mmeiB  tha  i^av^to  n/lileb ^  is^nltiMliait  Mi  %Ki^i  a^t- 
mthstanding  I  have  seduloufily  eadeavoueed  to  calNIiMiiirt 
ito  laftaeaee^sM^'liave «c6|»ioaally ieiA  iMi^al^^  To. no 
konifni  lMlni|iilMi  4waven  deifiied  to  taiiit  InilUihai^^^ 
aH4ilt\ireiilii  «e  almost  a  aninwley  i^in  8m«  wi^e  idii^  as 
i4i«f»  tttlnen^  i^inreira  notannntinMa  fWttrp^;  bj^  paaav^  -pv 
jgiMiAat;  ■■'■■^  ,>:,:'.-.-i»mi,:m  ■.^-'•^4^,-  >  •fw-.v^''  -^'^-  ■"-^"' 
MiMito  lM»it4aiNroperHxi«4db  ^"^  i lett^oin^  miikiiter 
«mfeto>  aAioolciof  this  eirtsnl,  aaii  einbl«ciag  atHfl^i  tafte^' of 
siliieotsi^rha  iqiHide  ligUsr  ^emand^oa  tN  <MMli|inii^,  or 
credulity  of  his  Ftnden  than  i  hnve  dbnow^  1^  Hi^  )the  fiwb. 
tofllB  £  fa«ii^e4nate4  af  «ro  of  iaealoalaila  ni^iiieiilt^afi  the 
hBf|»)|iaas  if»^niBery«f  wibsrn  niilifc>n%<as  WnU  of  ^^  ge^- 
i<htisB»  dmenda  inn  Hw  «baMe  wis  s|«e».u^  «a^  «i<iwse  #!ll 
In  ipwtorialy  a«hdta4'hy  the  oorrecteesa  e»^#r6fs  of  jho 
aiaytttkaiieir.iMir  fiast  systeak  of  Adiidt>--«iidas 


f  ibaM»daNd>toiQit«  befbretfae  bar  of  41i6^Mihliek  ng^ 
standiBgMgreat  'talents-^-^great  i»eaMihp-*lul|l,  jto^^  1|afo- 
ciigeHil  hnv4  jniigiBl  it|fropertoattppoH>«84yra)i  ihi|Dv'^i6w- 
0rf 'nidito^dn^rae^barfly «ver  aaeeeiM,  v3i ^;^  {ififi|rtatit 
j^otlitedbeanMHtppf^iHleBiaiUeaathoiity.  Mfi^.ef my^rea- 
4aiasi#l^rahabl^  believe^hatiliave  gonattttneoBasarylenirtln 
il^  tMs  i«MiB«t.i  AHA  I  traatl  hav«  ndt.>  tt  4  ait  ^1  mttts 
ftf  be(lwto|Muaatoa^inieh«videnoejtban  tob^^lHU^ 


1i 


II 


ill 


fill,  tk|Mecr9i|»  "•i^4..tll^9S]itoa9<^.of  'ili«-ii«ri||r|  r^  ,■:■  i  * ;  vi^^^i'l;.:4%'t>  ^ 

figgMMi^ii  nuix  li9^.]ireT«9tod>  aailatornal  twiniwiiHMy  ypat^j 

u  IM  f  ^rilm  '#:t|i«  ttdi  of  «i«  IMoap  and  lpiw»nm> 
i;  «%▼«  J|«i:<^^  jo«cii  iBpgt  <?oiiiotdly  to  jthe  wummM^i^v 
of  tM  mfeek^rr!^  I  baT«  ri«diM«d  Iftlfsoiia^^f 

tfdile. , \ira||etl!!J(^^  nor  jDiUleii*  naiSy&tiikn^mmfif^ 
dbfait~^iot.J||||q|(,  Qor^'I^  C]i»iiM»  «•'  ^kmh* 

geQei^  WMldMrtbii  on  niiUliii  servioe.  Iite.«»«$li»miiMto 
nvped)piy8Qlf  1^  lOs  itatimny*  to  MUKCteiit  wlilakiwKliing 
bat  tike  laioieaM.  su^tude  of  the  eniyeot  ooiild  jiurttfy#'>  %0 


fin 


■'•^-^ 


m 


*>♦> 


}MMM0«itl»'1Mi#riBf  the  cwiii^ 

«li»«li|^tlii>«li«iii|tei4i  ttiil^ 

iartteJoif  lh«#iiffiiiiMMriiMM^  kil  IwM 

out  bAviiM  iiiy  mit4  t»  Ibf  tl^te  p^littd^   b  tSif 
4otiNi^  of  iUs  tefeiOgiiiioii  1  hate'  aiide  two  jBHrtovi  $i|M&: 
f«rteii.-oaei  that  Ifnr.'t^^alollftiiifre  hate  owlia  ela^ 
repreaeatiateuL«iMd(th|ii|i^r.  tbatll^^ 
aim  half  iiD^ates^hiittlreiNMiilitite  of  h^i^  j^lai^  popnUk 


Sefbve  I  dttMlAli  tl^  %«ir from  iprrliiiidB,  ftem«  the 
8Qliai|a4«  of  a  pairMitl^  hlioQM^g^  I  eatinot  refrain  firon 
ottoe  iMiM'  i^uyHiig^^  f^^  leader,  trhea  he  discotera  ahy 

yfUek  in  ^QiMniiioQ  degree  re^oiretf  all  the  jijikerm  oC  Mdjr 
liidllili^^^  Bit  tiri^iu  iiliiii4i^^ 

,^  Jtotti^  ahd  i^tatelif ,  in  taiil  aolicii^d  y^ipiintci^tioi^ 
fiwi'tlMl^Nrhb  e<rtdd  aad  4ii|dit  to  hate  |iSbikrde4  theni;  .  !• 
:^-^|]NiiiA|Betalhatl^m^^^  w  i^aii j  IhousMid 

dMMimiy  Mkneh  notiltt  caiiiolt  he  e^^peii^d^  ft 
^iMr  then  ii  jio^  a  iieW  ided  itf  tiie  whde  vi^Mc^ 
Ifi^icHn  or  Patriek  Hei^ryeitttld  dtaioi  iit;^e  inte^njlloti 
4iMbii^ ioloiig haehiiled  as  thosttl  hate  di8c«a8iNi«  ui  1ti}« 
ainiligiMheiiC''''' '       '  ■'^■■''■':-  •^'  "- 

iil^^y  flitter  i^yttHif, that  iathisworh^i&be  found  m^ 
tMiS^$»  a  oamplist^'defenee  of  the  Ameriean  nption  in  ita 
iil«bi%d^e  with  fin^and.  t  am  grouty^  deceited  if  tiio 
milA';wb0aHn|»  naeiile  syateih  pursiiied  hy  this  oountnr  ^ 
ao  ihttihr  yeaifi,  i^idit  snch  grievoqs  protoektionii^  will  nic^ 
unlVirWj^  reeeite,  ittfit  deaiervea,  the  itrafoe^-and  %  opi; 
prtMiite*  ohtM«tou8»  ibild  itajorlous  conduct  of  England  to  n^^ 
ihb  c4insiii«*i^f  all  ChHstiendom.    ^ 

It  WouM  he  gMt  i^fustie^  to  UK)  to  supiwie,  tlial  I  i^iali 
to|ir|i«thite  the  hatt«d  hetween  this  tWo  batlons.  tt  is  the 
f^heat  frpm  my  lntenti<;m.    Itiis  the  int^reet  of  the  tJnited 


5tM 


m 


^. 


m 

\m 


9$        fmNNW  T«r  vim  .MKrm-vmnm^". 


M>iQNlMHJHMNlN|l|li^MT!iMMilKlStt€K''Wa^^ 


■?'.,^  }!■,  > .  :•  <  a  n  ■:  -'ii*! 


m^"^ 


«wA  ilflxi^  «^^ 


fttiitijinta' 


been  pnlagied  tind  ploiMlered  !*  Hampton  had  aufli^ 
aiklngiihie !  i|altii|Aire  waa  nenaeed  witli  signal 
iiill  "pointtid  ottt\  fbrtnilttiii^  <$^eeiiitk»it*  Ql^^i 
lUhei  ftf  eUia6»iu  ojT  t^ie  tkitea  MaUtSrWiim 
Sm1[tiik  yrtitb  heU  ill  a  litate  of  the  nioat  If  i 
peDset  and  in  daily  expectation  of  avh0aiQe 


p^frf^aps  sbarfi^  tiM  fate  of  Wa9hio|(M  M^jBaUa^ 

^^rr  ^«  The  litMdlelmtT  UdMoB^  of  IMO  oopia!,  b  Am  i 


p»i>A6fe  to  ^B  nxTit  BbiTKm.  40 

jfl^iiiieAl  Met,  wt«  nuCiiiifiwqafeHtiy  admiMid  te  ow  ooib^^ 
lH>vt4»  «Bi  in  our  MM^te,  tbtt  Die  war  htving^  bleiea  hegak 
bf' th^  deiiHtenite,  they  titii  emix It  on;  that  tiiey  hid  ii6 
r%ht  toeall  OA  thi»  fedeMUsta  for  udataMto,  n^hteb  the  I«l^ 
tor  ovght  not  to  afford }  that  if  the  democ^^ti  eomvroinitind 
the  hioMoiir  and  the  interests  of  their  eoantry»  by  «  mbhbnonr^ 
able  ftmie,  the  fode^atlirti  should  take  the  power  oat  ottbelr 
hiwidSt  and  then  eohtend  for  the  viplated  h«iiMHir  and  dii^nlty 
of  the  tottntryi  that  the  British  eoiild  not,  nor»  oonsisttoiitly 
with  a  re|;ardt6th<)ir  honour,  ought  they  to  treat  with  Mr. 
Madison,  who  should  b6  <eonpeRed  to  resign;  with  a  vast 
tarlet^  of  the  sakne  patriae  deetri^bs*  which  were  publicly 
ptmnulgated  in  s))me  of^r  newspapers.  At  the  same  tintfe, 
a  few  desperate  mien  were  jprepsring  to  add  to  the  general 
distressand  difl&culty  by  a  diisKMution  of  the  union** 

I  Was  appalicd  at  this  horrible  violence  of  some  of  the 
leaders' of  the  fodeanilfsts;  and  equally  so  at  the  imiiecility 
and  inactivity  of  the  democrati.  As;  the  gbvemment^  chosen 
by  the  flreie  yokie  of  i  large  majority  bf  the  nation,  did  not 
CxcrCvM  the  merini'  and  decision,  that  was  requisite  to  con- 
ti^  and  eoeree^e  refiritetonr  minority,  it  Appeared  far 
hetterto  make  a  ehiUiMie,  than  let  the  country  become  a  prey 
tb 'a  foreijipn  enemyUrdr  be  tmn  in  pieces,  by  intestine  dis- 
Cordt  which  seemed  the  only  alternatiye.  AfHghtfol  and 
sMraWfiil  alterhatlTe  it  wa^f  Bat  theriolenee  of  piitfty  af^d 
fbet^bn  seenied  tp'foree  It  bh'the  oottntry. 
'  with  a  iHiind,  borrowed  up  with  all  these  terrific  conside"*- 
rations,  1^  sat  doWn  to  write,  t»h  the  6t|i  of  September.  On  a 
careiiil  examination,  of  <<ttie  whble^UM,*^  the  least  or  tiie 
mi|[h|y  evils  before  the  nation  .appewrCd  to  be,  to  submit 
to  svraUow  the  bitter  piH  {vesented,  and  make  a  radical 
eltaiige^in  the  adihiA^raUbiH-«o  as  to  hold  out  inditoements 
io  the  federaiiits,  to  bniteliieir  exertions  to  rescue  the  coun- 
tl7  fkrom  infpen^ntg  ru^rt.  This  radical  change,  I  thought, 
btt^'to'  be  introduced  by  resignation  on  the  part  of  the  ia^i 
cninb(^i^t«^"  ■'  .'"'^ 

*  It  mnr  terre  to  dbpb]r  the  high  fever  «r  Ihepablie  mi$A,  to  VMiex  •  MwlA* 
tign  oSivm  in  the  bMw  of  repi««entatiye«  of  MasMehawtti,  about  ftrar  vceu  niter 
tUtuni^  Tik  Oit^  &*  lMl4<%  Mr.  tlw,  of  Lymaa,  whieh  lra^  however,  «hh(lr»w« 
MXt  dM,  M  pnoautiire  tt  uMlt  timOt 

'  ''neetfKwdL  that  a  Committee  hi  appdated  to  eonfer  w|tb  aD  Ui^e  New  Eng^iipd 
Sta(B%  ioA  lee  iTflMrr  vKI  agrie  tb'atipaiHt  ai  Committee  to  join  tiiem,  ind  repdr  to 
theol^of  Waihtai||(mi<  iniiiw#tfrif.;theH'and  thore  penonaUyto  i^ilfkMimu  to 
the  PiiM^^j^  the  general  opioioa  <ir  aU  t^  I^ew  Ijngland  State*  in  reanrd  t^  the 
pretiUtWah'iiid'lhe  manner  In  WhteK  ittiit  biien  iMtndueted;  and  inifenn  hllb  thathe 
nwff  fUMM'*  f""^  f^JVfi^t  afiPrtfitknt,  ar  rfmme  thmt  minUters  m^  tMr  ^eett, 
toAa  have  by  their  nefitriofu  plant  rtitneH  the  natim  !  /** 

E 


m 


PMir^Oft  TO  fME.  mWT9  X9XT10N. 


vAo  «pv^  JiliM  ^frnZ*    And  »<»  ii|»ii  vka  «»iin«jt  nvost  4|f|ir 

ll^htlM  :iNrofpeJB]^  tli««  |^«fiare  vik,  is  «$Bfi^|i^;ori»ni#i|  • 
fpn^  fliMiioii  oCtlMi  aMiAc  of  iKf  miiil^ :  jii|t  |  |iQ«|  tliA  nwuft 
MriV«t  liMMfrev«!««ie>  an  to  th«  jiHlgi||«iil,ai|i|(Wiy  l)e  ffl!lii«4 
^  the  B«^[^<lt^  t  mereljF  sUte  Ike  (iif  t»  neUIier  naving'  f(«v 
mor  o^pecHiig  praisej)  and  equfilly ;  irempteflKtia  the  depre^ft* 

That  e^Qiint»  I  wfo^s  twelve  er  ft*rt«wi  iiagrq,  conlMii- 
ing  ft  hri«f  noTlew.oC  wliriiaal  proeeeoliigiHri^teotiQii  im 
oar  a^tiitl  tila^tiaa— witfr  M»U  fhr  tke  iMnopoaed  new 
arrangea^enta.: '-''"', ' 

rp^poAiflinlr m  I  Wfi9»  I  felt  d}PMtil9fNl  with  what  I  had 
9QW9itM  topaper.  1  laid  it  «(||ider-«ad4id  iiot  rewmeltAfr 
ien  Of  twelyer  day fl^  Xa  fthe  .iiitei;im>  the  glqviooa  newa  anrb- 
ved,  of  the  ospidete  defeat  of  the  ^em  atiBa)ti#otw*r^ 
the  iMmortuI  H*ll^aii«h'a  i^ictpinr,oii:  lji#ft  C^ampllill^^ 
thv  dIsfiiHvilure  %iid:  fli^i  of  Gen.  FreToi^a  '^mi^timm 
%ii  aad  1^  ?bi^biurgh*  These  wapdeH^iMoeessc^iiiada 
a  totftt  ebaase  ip  the  f^ee  pf  afl^rSr  Sjr  this  thne  my  fnfiriCi 
f  Siriyed.'  Ii^jfcted  mjr  f^bijo  work*  ani^^v^d  iQy0e|(lii|» 
the  opifiUm,  that  a  ciandid  appepd  to,  m^li.e^  ia^gri^  af  Mk 
parties,  nhigbt  produce  a  hcniellektl  eghel^  that  afewr  ibight 
be  exeited»  aad  ^vAin,  <it«eni  |  tlHit  at  aQ  eyeutft,  it Vatunrth 
the  trigt  $  that  in  snvb  a  noble  pndertahiiigt  as  an  attempt 
to  resene  the  eonatn^,  from  what  I  regwdeq  as  im^diag 
anai^hy*  eyen  a  failure  woiiUhe  hondarablis-.!^B|i  wisf^ 
wtmldsbe  giorioua  and  eminently  lienefteial*  '  v  -l!^  T  i 
I  theriBf«)re  destroyed  what  i  liad  Vri^en, '  and  hagiH 
the  werit  i^new*  on  its  present  ^n.  ~|  liadn  large  stb^ef 
pubiie  dopHm^ntsUI  borrowed  some^and  with<  these*  Md 
the  Weekly  Itegisj^r.  amidst  all  tha  hwrry  «Ad  bni^  of 
business,  In  the  leisure  hours  of  six  weeks,  I  patched  lip  the 
first  rude  and  indigested  edition.    It  wa^  pnblished  on  tha 

ninth  of  ■!to*embei?:'v,:„  ,'; ,: '  '^- '  \:--:.:^:r  ■ :  -::;;'::^. 

I  oiiglit  to  have  <dMftrved,  that  when  It  #ai^  ahdut  tvra- 
tliirds  printed*  I  wasstrncl^  ^Itb  a8ton%»bf!i|ie]gi|itliiUr  <3^ 
otism  and  lbBy>  in  expecting  t^v  make  an  »ii|lre8Sion  en  a 
^eommanit^,  tom  in.  pieces  hr  faction;  a  )pif«y^to^|iC  t^ost 
Vitdsttt'pasiiibns ;  and  labpnHng  iiiider  the  mast  fiii^niil%re^ 
of  ddasion.    My  heart  stink  within  me  at  my  presan^jitpm : 


ntEKMI  TO'  tHK  Mm  tDlTMW^<'' 


U- 


mm 

a 


andftlte  r«Mler»iy  ratt  im«re«lt'I  wm  on  tht  ]Miitit  o^cdn-. 
vtrt-^ng  the  •beett  into  w«ite  |)a|ier«  TIUi  Afhte  lit  veiit  of 
in  *  11*7  4lf  twtffjmd  I  determined  to  giv^ttie  work  a  fdiv 
eii(^^HiiieBt  '• 

Tkie  {Bditlon  waa  $m9!lth-^-mli  609  eopiea.  INro  tnotfitea 
dictated  this  limited  soale'.i^  I  kaew  tlilB  wittit  Wttet  'nee^(i«a4 
Ajr  ttf  niey  imiMM'eet»  (Hmu  tb#disadVailtitg;iia  inder  wliieh 
I  Mjfofured  {  aiM(4  determin^d^  if  it  met  tvitk  AtMtttMs,  to  hHv^ 
an  apiMirta&ity't0!  liiiarbvJB-ilid  ext«iid  Itf  lnoredyer,'|h»i!i 
the  aboflt  onWiiiaal  fiOliM^bf  i^lHiOiili^blicattbHi*;  I  ^inl 
ftup  indeed  Hmna'^l^ikitor^iiiiieeMi  ^-       ' 

Mr  ^i^Meitttonii  «r  ^Idelay  pHueifkU^r  at  WisliiHgtoti; 
I  eeat  one  haJMltfid  «i»oie^-^ra,  |uta«iri<f  k^UkfiAAt^  eat- 
e^iM%n|K  ttF<*»  ^  ai^oA}  Mlb  of  tftiep,  ind  an  «raer  fbr  moret 
l^efe w^re  alMv^twe htrndrediegialataMtliei^^  aiid twiee 
aUniany  ▼iiitoM|*aiid  I i0ttppdMdtliat  Whatever  nifiit  be 
tlie  demerits  ef  the  ezeoimohertlie  irtf<4t,  the  kn^ln^iice  of 
ihetotAtd  dis^aiaed  in  it»  wMdd  iosore  aide  <tf  a  ]af|^  pa^ 
«rttke'editio»|;  ubirefartiieulariy^as  I  had  already  Ireeeived 
h|ghl3r<iat0priiig  eompiimenta,  Ihmi  th«  late  tiee<^]yi*e8ideBt» 
aadijf«Hiei>gei^«iiiili,  tdwhemi  had  senteeiiiesh^maiK 

l^'he  Mttt  dliaiJpo^iited  theae  calettlattonsj  aa^'hiM  I  been 
wiUkhi  by  the;.iraidty  of  aalhorlihti)^  #6dhl  hare  aiimeieiktiy 
Mft^edttf  flur  ^hfett  1  hadrin  Fhilade^k,  New  tbrkv  and 
Baltimore^  di8mi|ed>'br  the  remaining  fbttf  biiiidred,  aii4 
whtiiadoKni  to  Ilir.  •Welghtman>  at  WaahitiMoil*  tli  en^iiiHre 
into  the  aueeeas  «f  the  worky  I  learned  tVt  Awr  oJF  tha 
kwiidred  had  been:  atolea  dn  the  n>ad^<^aft  lifty-nine  re« 
nialned  attaoMl— aitd  thiM»  (Atrf9-.sei^^^>ie#  AMlJMkv  tfatit* 
pi  the  mHoHtf  <tf  &  pmidewif  thm  tedfOivrUH  tfAi^^ 
nWafeftl,  one  MMcM  and  e^tOy-litrartmtenitaivee,  one  or 
two  hundred  eUrki,  the  toheUn^the  popniMonofihe  metropo* 
U»  afi  the  VnUei  mates,  end  eU  Ue  muiietont  •tisU&ri.  It  ia 
^rowible,  that  la  saeh  drttamstaiieeay  ao  great  a  degree  of 
a|Nrthy  add  iadiibrenee,  eh  tttpied  of  8aekliiaghiitttde>  neter 
belor^  existed,  t  ordered  back  the  remaiaing  ftfty -nlne^ 
'  A  new  edition  ^mA,  however*  called  flbr»  HbfWitbstanding 
the  diaeouraging  (Uddness  and  indiffbrenen  dT'llie  memberi 
of  the  government.  I  used  all  possible  expedition,  and  pub- 
^M^  l'^  thC),  ^ith  of  January*  one  thousand  cajbles. 

^  The  anaa^  o(  thia  edition  exceeded  that  of  the  first  Ik 
ili^^e^ks.t|iere  i(«ere  not'  twen^  copies  unsold..^  And  a  day 
4|r  twoptreTkiiia  to  the  blessed,  thricepblessed  news  of  peaae» 
foreseeioK  the  demand  would  require  another  edition*  I 
contracted  with  a  printer*  to  print  me  a  tliiird.    tf  hen  the 


/ 


Si 


PiWr49ft  TOTWIIXTJI  BDITIW. 


jojfttl  tiding!  Huatt  I  thought  the  puUie  would  no  longer  feel 
foj^intevept  lii,||»  juid  (br  a  tine  a)>«MiMed  the  idea  of  re* 

fttliU^tion., ,  But  I  was  nislakeni  tiie  .demand  itioreaaed;; 
printed  a  new  edition,  which  was  published  on  the  if  th  o£ 
Aprilff  aniwiui  add^oat  in  abentthree  monthly  «xcept  a  »w 
f^pi^J^  Q<!»rgetownftand  elpewhare. 
Aj  AB,tl^  eiptffniita^  were  the aeenor  where  aueh  a  work 
was  nMt  tteoe«sarj»  I  ^as  very^dfAirousof  giving  It  a  elreu-v 
IpMon  thejre*  I  saw  ^tliat  to  aflbrd  it  i^  fiiir  ehnnce»  it  ought 
Uf  he  printed  in  VMm  i  for  otherwise  only  a  Cew  hundred 
eppies  at  most,  of  my  edittons»  wouMoTer  reaeb  that  qiiar4 
^r>  an4  nojierson  tl|ere>fingiintefested  in  the  difl|H«al  of 
them,,  the  <}1|bet!iiOf  the  hmk,  woaid  he  greatly  oireummbed* 
I  therefore  <i#»r^  the  e^lors  of  tMi  €llirQis4elerthe  PatrNy 
the  Tankee,  my  ^end  Miv  Galeh  AingMOif  and  JMir.  dk> 
D^vnlapt  the  gratuitous  privilege  oCpHnting  an  eidltion*  jpin^ 
ly  I  m^r^  an  eonditlonn  of  presei|ting  ten  per  eenttof  the 
eraies  to  persons  unabtle  topurehase.  Th»  iwoirstr  and 
liUCr,  B.  decUqed ;  they  pirpbahly  doubted  .the  am^Mie  of.  the 
^erprise.  ^he  editofS;  ol  the  Yankee*  and  Mr.  Dunlap* 
jointiy  printed  ah  edi|tion»  whioh*  aUhoogh  it  .did  not  app0iil> 
tillafterthe peaee^ hMbeen eonie tinowhoUy  a^ oA.,  > 

.An  ed|i^n,,ihe,ft(kh,  consisting  of  IMiQ.  eojAesy  is  puhKeh.- 
ing  9t  ||^dj9t>niTs  Vermont  i  andtanoither  Is  ahont  to  hi»  put 
^  Dress  atf  jCifieinniiti,  in  the  state  of  OWin^-Mf,^  j,*i.  vv*  :cu  tli  i^ 
AH J^5» political  wQrk>. to  diy  knowledge*  hnSieTer  had  an 
Mfisl  ^fope  of  sneo^  in  Amerieia*  iweept  the  «  Common 
Sense,"  Foiir'ediitions  were  sold  in  eight  months;,  two  imere 
are  at  this  npoment  in  the  press;  and  ne^fenth,  as  I  sud,  is 
about  to,  be,  printed*  Neverthelessy  H  is  not  qiiite  tw^ya 
montljia  jtinee  th%r<work.wae  begiin«, and'.notten  since  the 
first  edition  was  published.  It  may,  how«tii^ei^>be  iur^ytaa^ 
s^ij^d,  that  ti^ep^  ney^rwas  a  greater  diepivpertion  between 

Kalse  and  pi|^roiiagi»*  than  this  work  has  eg^ri^naed.;  I 
ve,  reoei]^  quizes  of  eneomiwms  on.  itiimany  of  tlie;n 
mqfl^  §nt|Mpiai9^p  and  high  wrovght ;  and  yet  I  do  not  h»> 
liiBty«^th#t  ten  BRei^.pcirhaps  I  i|ii|ht f igrjdYfthaTe.mfMie  uny 
portions  1a,prRp#4|;S:i(n(^e«i||«    :n-,.li ;.t(i;^/-:>M'<>j-,,i)'/  'S' 

•.There  m  |M«if^^9(^  4a  aii^m^WdaUm  vbolMMf  c^tprnMI^^ 

«toM.    BartttwideiylMitaTieftlif  jyttt^tfccireurieriy.i  Lk  la^butB*  Ji  tri- 

biMdof  mUiode  to  n  dilTmnt  onier  9rMiin..  Their  *Mre|«r  Mh#«Me«  their  bmiHi. 
A  eentlemaa  in  Nitv-Yorkf  nuii*^hMed'«ie  hundred  ocpuM  of  the  MeomT  eAtiw  fir 
dfciiiibiitiaK.  Mr.  V-Hmm,  <ir  TreMon,'  Wtged  (Me  hondivd  mUmji  end  eimthtsr 
]^opkMl|(er  ^ttrehned  fil^^doHub  wfVlh. ,  \1wiW  ^  lW9tMvPCnn»  libit  >>><*^M>T 


$7e^  Yoaiev^r  to  ^ixndits  oiroul 


.ILL. 


PBEVAOB  TO  TBB  SIXTH  BDITlOll* 


ion 


my 


fiir 

rmnf 


The varittjr  of , MiunnMs^ I llMe^rMeiirAd from  strfla 
variety  of  voiiMOtiiWe  -  snMr*ohi>  of  iXhwiieial  tendency* 
preclvde  ill  do«kt  in  my  nlnden  theonl^eeli'  Among  ykthen* 
e  judge  of  Ifce  Snpveiweoort  of  Penn^lTMiia»  a  deelM' 
fodofiUot*  (wWie  nmae  I  Ufft  nehoeitnlion  in  itntingito  n«iy 
enqulxer)  empmtieally  ^lielnred,  inAdneleof  gontlemeaitf 
tlM  bar^thit  il  WM  tbe  hon^iteat  and  Idfflet  bonk  on  loHtioit 
he  had  ever retd.i:  '•■'  -'■■'.'■;■  '^.  .••  * 

Under  this :  trnpreaoiw  of  ita  umMntMl*!  ■  I  am  very  d^ 
•irons  of  eitendkilf  iteeirenlationt'  'vsi  from  moltves  «f  in*) 
tersst»a»  the  reader  fwUIteadilf  «idmti|»  nrhen  he  is  inlbtmp 
ed  that  hssMea  the  Bniton^  Middleltnry»^  and  Cineimuitl 
edy^ensi'lbr  wMnhd  hwrenotr  and  wife  netit»eeive  adolUr^ 
I  huve  oflbfea<l|i9f  grdttdteas  wivikige  of  priatitg  the  worli» 
in  Rkleigh»  Riehmond,  and  Hartlbrdi  and(  perhapr  I.mny. 
•ay«  without  Impr^^priety^  that  if itdaaarveons-fiiiiinthof ,lhe 
pndse  whieh  hapi  hiean  lavished  on4^  seme :  dseided  eier- 
tkms  oni^t  ti>  have  been  madie  togiva  it^  aigensnd  eirsii- 
lation.    JBnoaghofthlBt:  Let  me  tini  jsnothar  leaf.        a 

llfiv  €olemin>  the  edittir  of  the  Hew  fork  Eveniog  P(^t» 
has  lately  aqscpM  in  the  most  dognwtkal  mann»r>  as  if  of 
his  ovrii  fcnQW}edge»  that  I  am  not  the  anthor<of  this^  Mrerhi 
anithat  it  mu  written  >hy  some  <»eenftrmed  Mew  Toik 
mtsanthroiiist/'  I 'sent  him;  a  ealmand  eandid  re^,  ihr 
which  I dainfed aiid,«ipeeted aplaeeHm  his pa^rhnt be 
had  neither  the  genwosifjy  northe  common  jnstiee  to  pnblislk 
this  reply  to  a  wanton  «nd  unprovoked  attack*  ittsirhich  by 
falr'implicstiKm,Mi  am  ebarged  with.Jblsehood  and  dishoiiel- 
tyv  inprefliUngmy  BMie  toavrork  as  a«ther»  whieh  ne 
fss^rto  I  did  imt'wiitn*  -I  leava  Mr.  Oo|eman»  to  justify 
tids  odious  modeol  managing^a  jfnmh  tf^iuftown  ^nsoieneo> 
andtotbe'pubUe*'  '  ■     i-ft-''-       r<^  .^  i^<^^r^'-'u:v^:^y.'^'f^K 

I  hate  more.thaiiioiieei.eendneted'a  nfnhi^per^  't  have 
studied  the  duties  m  an  editor  wiA  attentimii)  aqd  am  ftrm- 
ly  persuaded  that  this  conduct  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Cdemaot 
is  a'grbbs  Imd  flagrant  violation  of  one  of  his  ftindamental 
duties.  Mr.  Qolenmn  has  no  right  to  mnke  such  a  dming  at- 
tack, on  me  or  any  othencitlzen,  without  affording  a  fidl  imd 
fair  opportunity  of  vindication^  '  -  ' 

tfii  thl^  9ttliJiM  P'  i^uth^nhip;  Yisi)^all  merely  state,  tbat 
the  allegation<is  utfeily  destitute  of  trutli--that  there  is  not 
i  fl|i|^  libe  lili^;  WDfk»  except  the  docum^nlir  and  eictracts, 
wi^tten  by Uny periBon  but  myself;  and  thattheconfirmed  mis* 
anthropist,  whoever  be  be^  is  as  innocent  ^f  it  as  Mr,  Cole- 
man^ or  Major  Bussel, 


I 


H  PMMOB  TO  TUB  SIXT*  feDItlOl^ 

11m  vmpj  •itepl«  MMd*  tf  f«/lll^f  *  bMkf  by  iMsriblng  it 
tofMM  other  fPtMMitkinth*  r«Bl>  Mtiitiv  lit  ratlker  mte. 
tt iMi  loit «ll  tfeM nertt  if'mMrtlty nuiyiliHtttrlet  tliM* | 
dM  lM^«¥«r  it  MMF  *likv«  Mitweni  the  p«ffjyoae»  <mi  Ito 
«»/fi#  tmommmti^*  m^mm'mMHf  wmwtMImp  Mr;  GoIb- 
i*»B  mKfW^  mmimMI  MAt  4rhMllliiiiltl*rii  9rMieli»  elMUrMt 
M»  ^rUb  Mpnfh¥4ii§i4ifm  ontf^ril'tt*  iterrfrf  It  tAt'  4af«M^ 
tlfkUMmnfiim  power  f**  there  is  iiot  »liliii  Is  th«  eonh- 
ti9|«  whir  nMt  ^nNlfii'  itkit  the  eh«^  hi  reCMett,  ^y  his 
psrelipCsriy  usertlnlr^thaitit  wis  mil'lirv  Gsrejry  httv^ti 
osMiilMd  vilsa«tfaraliit/^  tbit  htM  nadi  the  MetssHob. 
IIM*  dogmstlsslr  ftUvvMstly  gromiAbssiflssei^thni  will  nM 
leMis^Asiagle  liiN^'iol'th«< Worirj  Thb^rM^f  itUl  99»{iA\ip€ 
at||iaieBts:«r  h^  vsry^dlMrsiit  kfai4lBi#ld^<lb4M^  iMsi^itji'i  d 
thlt'I'sii'l* wioi'"'' *''*'*'•"*''  '    :.tTs!  .!nf.-i'M?^fj  ..;--^jj.;' 

Whrs  th»  spMt  sf  penieSatiowhi  fiabsBSitoii  -sf  il  s»^tijtil 
•othortljr  Mrs#  the  ute^  or  thi»  gibbet,  «s  fbrmei4]^  j'  I  shm 
iMst  indiihlfihl)'  be  dsitretei^  Ibr  the  •reiy-^fOi%,  luidWH 
pslfttsble  Irtthsiiii  thiwhbelc,  If  I  had ^  Iumimlt9u'-m4 
edii'^^,**woit0mammgiM  to^Mitft  Aadl»^1liKthtlilt  tea: 
^mthose  di^s<ai«i|Nltt  t4h«  spMt»  howeVer^VMNdiM  r  Auti^ 
oan  oal  J  Bdt^  ftS'iiNilleei^bf  slander  Afid'abili##ik  ttihdfif  «hil- 
lifitir : and ttviMewfts to  destriy^hibhaiiii.^ j^» or bls>i^s^ 
psitst*li(b.'llttt«o  d  tta»«iiH»  has  piMi«d'flll7.ii¥«i  with  M«0I|6 
stitittiiliiiief er  ?ei^>good;ai«d  ttAwiSMiBidV)r^yfMl»iUrM^ 
iil«iitTerjr  inij^ortaiit  what  befalshlai^iftthe'short  i^amm^ 
o(4ifb^  WheB«eiidlv>wwheM«oiiHf«orth«iii  )ire|^  h*Ve^ 
fMidf  igOM  to  the4laliiii,4l>  loithr'glbbot^  Ibr  Aisiiiah^  WhM^ 
tMroooid  aot  uaderstadd :  itdo^t  •ol<re^Milre'at<ei7rMtiH&' 
dtdlfiary  de§VM(  of  heir^m*  ftrta  aia#or Hfty.flyo,  toUm 
any  risqiiesy  of  p^rsoH  or  ehSfwetttiV'thaA  iway  atteada  b(M 
appeal  to  the  good  sense  of  the  nation,  with'i  ti^W  tS  tAS 
^plre  the  benedtoiion,'  priinoaneodi  ill^AthO'  docivniMoB, 
<«iNi8Bed'aM  thO' MM  riiakers^  '  :n;'io->',;':0        (;v;;rrH 

f.    •  .  .,•-,•:;.,.:■  \#C|attar4'?; 

~  *•    •  It  inioBld  l>^mi«8nd^tBpttftiilBir<>tiidtetheotil^tinBiIam  ttiider«<oiBiN 
ditKiUlMUii,  M«N^^  HbhMiTM*,Ce«rAilMM^J 

JoMtph Nounet und  AdmScjrbat,  Emi*r^kmH^&tAr^ i^w-^--.  "    "  -' 

Wkatever  thtgr  haj*  hadliiiMMir  p9ver, 
|Mmp*ilett  I  btve  omI  frm  ~ 


>,  ther  hikT0  fiirnUicd.  To  Mr.  Ow 
Mr  Mr.  BimM'I  Inte  tUd  nUkmrn' 


iiitWlytiiiiinrtiCi    ABd-Mr.Aadifv  Daiila|^,kt»«C«DM»r% 
fufuvbed  ne  witfidw,)B|l|iMf  pwfeof  the  MtaMU  ftam.  l^,Aai(M 

prtttw  1  aetd  ant  Bwati6^  lOT,  Ik^  ■owgl 


feintfciQeii. 


Mid  others  wl 


<i;j 


;yp. 


CC'TrENTB. 


■■'.  ) 


-  P! 


In  / 


CiMf. 

t  MoniWt  Trealj.  8«putti«n  oTIIm  SlitM.  ^nlMwk.Mk 
li.  Inpdbf  or»a««nN«ilortlMClMrtarortfc«BHftar<K 
I.  AmMM  ptqicMB<!,lMr  A4aln4  Waina. 
6.  AppabirM«l«nir.€i«liiiUnr  CtaMmbwf.   ft^umthii 
y.  Ckwfc  WIM»<Mi  ^ad  H||||jiy>o».    fwaeaftui  ofCtogrM 


If 

8 

8 

17 

■  ^  - 


Idb  OMmlii'ciSSL   llabarirM.J|^Mlli 

111  Borton BfmMKwL  Strankwi ftf  MMMtkvL  , 
l§i  IvMNYont'lUlMnML  flnrani  mmm  •Fnn||dit>  * 
IS.  EirtiaM  ftm  PUlMi«i|rfii«  ItaSSUIe  MJSor^ 

14.  BatriMtflMi  MtHiWtff  Mmofht. 

15.  NivlMvM  IfaiboM.  '  l£dilf«  Mil  ftr  nrfiteiM.     W«i»Ui>j>m 


8 

It 


17.  Btflfctloiw  OB  Om  McinarUli 


^  19.  BrhhbdmivdaUoM  bram^ton  dwtopKiBtiM  BoMrts oftlM  Ui#a4 
8t«iK  AAkNMt^  EztcMHhiiy  to  r -*    " 

tpk  AttMlKMi  a«  Chea^Mk*. 

JU.  BiDdMie  tftkir  OtMC  frM  the  Lite  f» 

iL  nuriotie  pro4M«aH. 


<s 

KM 

Mr 


<7.- John  ] 


I  to  VMi  Bttteni  ititca  aitMMtiQM  flvMnM  ^o^ 


IJI 


Bni7*lil , _,_, 

mtt<i>yiienji  of  BriUrfi  ^*rw«.     ■^\,  ^  ^        lit 

IiaiMcWioMbMbolkCaaiitriMPBihibitod  ^^  Ml 

18.  Emfanw  irwomnaodod  toCoMrws  1)7  «  i«im«IiUi  body  of  KMr^Ak  ^ 

MeimmlB.  '.'.'-..'  tfl7 

'  SO.  Ewkip^  Amyawiit^  lAenl  tad  «i>jiwi|m^   Laod^  ipplw^it  ^ 
91.  ImpreMmnit  of  Amcrieao  Somon.  Pl«»  of  Jamw  Bbdlwa.  tlfWrn. 

4ft  bapmndat  dw^  Gtai.  WaAinglai^t  adiaiiifatntiaR. '  IM 

93-  Impramieat  daring  Mr.  Adaau'a  admiaiitntiflB.     JaMt  MMhiA 
luthieddBi;       .    '  '195 

Si.  Mr.  liitoa^smcjot (br  i  eonvoitioa  fir  the  d^rar ofdewften  OI|jee-     ^ 
ted  to  fcy  Mjyt.  Pi^ci^  M'Sbbi^T;  Hgected.       tOt 

SS-  li'iftotooPlnipvllMKaitai'iBnHlMd  to  tJonnatv  br  TiinoihT  Plover- 
inbBtf'SMrataijrorState.  *^        '  '  «)4 

Sft  wpraHMmt  darinf  the  admhuitntioii  of  Mr.  Jeflbran.    Letter  fioa 
Biilfa».IJif.Ainngenientwitbl4»«ISt.  YlneentRgeotedbjMr.Ku  90ft 

sy.  Doaamwiteoo  Imprmawit  coatinaad.  ,  909 

M.  SalileetorimpieMBMtotWMMladed.  915 

39.  BcraglbBi  error  coauaittild  faj  the  widiior  of  ttw  OliwBnneh.    Aaiple 
pnqmauou  mwM  for  Ww.  994 

40.  BeproMhoa  of  die  miaoritir  anbit  the  taajorflr»  for  their  imbeeility. 
BritiA  deeeWed  1^  their  friends.  921 

41.  War  proeeedinn  in  CooRress.  Yeas  and  Navi.   Inexplicable  condnct  of 
Mr.QnJBnraadhuHcnda.  9S1 

49.  Dcebratiaa  of  war.  Violently  opposed.  ''  S|5 


CONTENTS. 


Omf. 


1 


I    i 


Ai  F>Mt  party.  CaapoMdafwnHluiMMwblh  Wipnteil  ihiawir  fcr  wtr.   ^ 
44.  Baqnl^  Ijiilo  Uw  JotdM  «f  ./^  war.   AwfitI  ■<«iMrtlaiM  spiinM  the 
|n*tninMtit>  M4 

46.  Bnqaify  wlhi— d,  WmMtwl  «■  Ike  frooad  of  iaVNonant  alona,  ae* 
MrdlM  M  tiM  doottlM  of  JMMa  Lk<7<>.  ttt 

4r.  Tnrb^lwiH  «  BoMm*  Irnkmr  aad  dheoni  MiliioiMiy  aBaked.  Yaakat* 


hn.  Manl  a«d  lUlifloiia  people.     '  «3 

41.  Aiinaaaii  of  dta  aUtaM  of  the  Eaatan  Slaleaoa  Hm  wUeatar  aon« 

neroa.  8taSI3oalTablaa.  S70 

4t.  CompariaoM  efdM  esporta  of  the  diflbreat  8tate%  Forain  aad  DooMic 

Ikijtm  mi  «o  1S1&  QIaaae  at  Tonufa.  879 

tb.  Datie*  on  importk  Boothem  State*  par  iiaariT  at  mwh  aa  Um  Baatani' 

n.  MolioMilKy  In  SootlMrn  Stataa  lowarda  the  Baatam.  Coameraiil  and 
AnieoltarBl  tlaiaa  niHlualh[  dependent  on  each  ether.     '  9B0 

^  M.  Monqr  Um  rfnew*  4*  Wut.    Awoelation*  to  prevent  Um  neeeoa  of  the 
ILoana.  BlbrtitobankraptUMG««anti«ant  fl06 

S3.  Baranlini  earried  to  ^preat  eieeM  hi  Boito^.  Speale  ahmdait.  Oppva^ 
dff  Bfciftaoat Kew.Yorii.  TreaaonaMo  Intwawwa  wMi^na^  '       104 

S4.8a1de*teoMhHied.  BriefetatementorftMa.  MS 

58.  Mawaiihiiiatti  ooBBpaied  with  TenaanMe.  Blb4  hading  t*<«  blind.  Pn>> 
•taortradetf^pereent    BoadtoRuln.  3lf 

M^Pnlpit  poiltka.   Proatitntlon  of  the  Mired  iVuMtiona.  Aatholair  of 

17.  Fartiea  ahance  namea  and  oharaeter.   Jaeobiaa.  Unholj  ■tninil*  fi» 
pviraraaoaaoranonrdifllaulliea.  fl<S 

51.  nUberaBtj  of  pr^jwUeea  agaM  Foraifners.  1Ji«cat«fiil  on  th«  part  of 
Ameriea.  MS 

8».  AddrentotheFedeniitaortheVniladSurtai^    a».     PoitMript  341 
Appendls.  a4» 


OldeiainCuaneiL  ReMktifaSjiten.  ImpoUajrortheBritiihMinMiT.   S4S 

•I.  BnnlandialdtobaatntMlhMtfcrharealatape^.  This  no  paUialion  oTher     . 

ooteateeSn  aeuml  aadona.^^  «• 

n.  SenalDrialrepraMntathmeianinad.  FaatioMdeiuion.  Statittiea.  3M 

ta.  fltatittieaeantfaitted.  Slave  renmentoUan&irljratated.  365 

64  Boquby  inlo  Che  ciMa|e  i^Mnat  theioaOeni 'ilatei»ordeitragrfaig«am-. 

OMree topromote  Mannfaatwraa.  373 

«  6S.  Mifitia  defenee.  ChulBBatlon  qratem  rriaeted.  374 

66.  Bight  ofwaicfy  to  eoare«,  end  dnty  oTaitiaena  to  afRird  MiBtaiy  aerviec^ 
MMpdaedbjrtheCoMtitutianandLawa.  377 

67;  P6wer.or  Conneaa  to  eaD  oat  the  Militia.  Vanal  niode  of  draftiagoppraa- 
ai««t  onevuL  and  nMoit  3lS 

'I.  InefleieoayofMilMajieneradj.  CtxtraTagantljr  espenrive.  317 

CiaHifleatioa  of  jMllltia  a  meatare  of  the  RevolDtum.  Borrowed  hj  Bo> 
■apOrto.  Ge^.  KiMara  phm.  398 

770.  Gerrymanderian.    Grand  diaeoveiy  to  enald4  aminorityto  rule  ttie 
•nriqritr.  404 

71.  wondeTful  contrait    Invoeation  to  war.  413 

7S.  Froq^ty  of  tfte  United  Statea  during  the  diSbcat  adipinhtrationi.         41S 
73.  MiaeeDaaeonaobierTationa.  435 


-.y' 


■  It' 


bl 


IV. 


IWE 


OLIVE  BRANCH,  &c. 


CHAPTBB  I. 


eriakcfiktiMnqriheViiUMauaei.  Jhmatn  tfwmUiu 
•imI  JSkNok?  iiiiiSiaH%  ^Mfr  mitOim  to  UUU  ffjrwm, 
itaff  mi  A^tefidy  mwMMM  to  <Mr  d«tf  wort.    WiORnle 

'"am  if  fa€— iiwiiiirw  miMicflriiwii- 


__,, ^ ^  of  the  tfnlted  StatM  wm  in  the  (Idl  of 

itolipy^rMfitid.  Ptfty  Mid  fattioii,  the  hMi«  And  4e. 
stMeiliNi  iifiill  mb  old  repnbHcfl,*  were  oftiried  to  aneh  ez- 
1i««ltfMlrt  lefligthif  fts  to  endancer  the  pablic  tranquillity— 
ttid:i»Bi«|M  leid  tbdririirar,  ^ecreateat  aeoarte  t|||iteTer 
iflleted  mankind.  Unceaaing  eflbrta  were  nsed  to  eieitv 
ipar  dtifeew  io  open  reiSathnee  of  the  govermneiitf  t'hi* 
nrineifially  took  plaee  In  the  eaatem  itatea  j  hot  there  was 
hardlj  a  portion  of  the  union  in  which. there  were  not  per- 
sona conatantly  employed  fn  inilaming  the  puhlie  miitd>  vkA 

,  •  Ab  Mm  bM  bten  prepMntsd  by  n»«rldil  wrifnti  and  pMt^  mi- 
wmally  bttttred  bj  aiipcrficiM  reidten.  ^at  pavtfMd  fbeUea  m«  DcraHar 
«o jipmlci.  Kl^vwr  Wu.  tfiTetc  a  frcaMr  errar.  There  it  bevMy  e  boiy  of 
aieii,  now  mill  oi' bnrifnttteht  loever,  diMlinotdlititrbcdnoieorleM 
^  jMuttF  «<d  fectioa.  Within  the  Ittt  ten  yeuf:  Jne-aaU^  at  leeit,  of  the 
MeltgioM  CODncfetkms  in  Pbiledelpbie,  have  been  distracted  bjr  dinfrf, 
«Mi  faeden.  which,  in  mere  inetancci  thM  one,  have  been  eanfad.  to  thn 


OKtreme  leMth  of  abeohMe  lepamioB.  And,  to  ipenat  higher,  who  can  forget 
Ae  vMeM!  netioni  at  the  connteacement  of  the  reign  of  Ceerge  III-  when 
Bnglaad  was  on  the  very  veige  of  inurrection— and  let  me  add  the  reU> 
gieoe  cmiade  of  Lord  George  Gordon,  which  wa»  the  oft|Mrfaig  of  faction, 
aadtertniiteied  in  eltkfaidling  tUrtj^ila:  fires  at  once  in  London— of  which 
dty  the  mpb  had  anaistnibca  possctsion  for  several  days.  Ail  the  felons, 
and  other  teoanti  of  the  prisons  had  their  chains  knocked  off,  and  were  let 
loose  once  mote  to  prey  on  Uie  pablic.  The  enuncration  were  eadlesf. 
JLet  this  slight  sketch  sutBce. 

t  These  topics  will  be  fully  discussed  in  specific  thapters  at  the  close  of 
this  work. 


^0 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


preparing  U  for  commotions.*  Thousands  and  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  eitizensy  upright,  honfistj  and  honourable  in  pri- 
vate life,  were  so  deluded  by  the  madqess  of  party  as  to 
believe,  that  the  defeat,  the  disgrace,  and  the  disasters  of 
our  armiesf — ^tbe  destruction  of  the  public  credit*— (as  lead- 
ing to  the  expulsion  from  their  stations  of  the  highest  public 
functionaries  duly  oholen  by  tIii^ipsopla)-*-w«r»^ldl  **  a  con- 
summation devoutly  to  be  wished" — and  the  certain  means  of 
proctoiring  a  speedy  knd  an  honourable  peace,  which  we 
could--^^^  fail  to  obtain,  from  the  ma,Tnanimity  of  Great 
Britairi^*  |>rovided  we  removed  those  public  oflteers,  whomt 
according  to  them,  3he  had  so  much  reason  to  execrate. 

It  was  in  vain  that  the  iimform  voio^  of  history  proclaim- 
ed that  the  generosity  df  ittttiolistowsrds^ach  other  is  a  non- 
entity^ |)iat  the  terms  of  a  treaty  are  mwe  or  less  favourable 
or  j^iipBins  in  proportion  to  the  rel«liv«  strength^  «iid,««Mif 
gy,.jl!ptneaiM  of  annoy <Mloe  or  def^nee»of  the  partjkisf  ^«t.; 
poyv:eJiH(i»l  nations  have  almost  alwiiys  taken  advantage  of  the/ 
feeblei|e«i  of  their  adversaries;  and  that  tho  cer^in  I9ttdt(| 
a  speedy  and  an  honpirable  peace  ban  eter  beentp  yf9fB0 
war  with  the  utrow|||ff ision  and  effect. 

Were  history  w|||||^  silent  ob  this  topic,  tb^  inhweiit  prOf 
pensit^esof  biHnsiii4t»ui«,  properly  expkin^  might  iM^aQr 
every  |«^i6iiial  mind  o^ibe  so^|ldflesa  of  these  pulitieal  max* 
ims.  Tiiey  are  fiur  deductions  of  reason  and  common  senses 
to  wblcb  the  universal  experience  of.manlund  bekrs  testimiif 
ny.  Every  nation,  in  its  periods  of  deUlity,  bas  been  oUI^^ 
occasionally  to  submit  to  iiuustice.  Every  nation,  possessuig 
the  poWer  to  do  iiyustice,  has  more  or  less  availed  itself  oi 
the  pppmrtunity. 

'^fc  mBliid  M^ott,  «t  tlie  bottdtn  of  fhe  preceding  page. 

t  Tb  tbAe  «¥  mV  MAtti  thti  Wllf  K^kta  ittp6toibi«.  tt  tma^if  Uppinu 
ittcuMWAfi.  fittt  meft  Hat  tnttit  ihtnifl  very  inei^ibtfe.  thU  iM>  to^vieleiiik' 
Ifeto  trdi.  AiAa  it  ia  k±hMi  «f  die  tnbist  vonkbtete  jw(ie1«I  ^Voof.  thU  yed- 
de^«n,  hij^ly  Hfriittibit \t ptiikvt lift.  hkvfetliMMa &oi Mtat  f«fv«hdt 
Ibi-  tiii  dfi^iCeMl  cA^tiite  t>T6iu  armtM.-  O^enlave'pirtjrM  to  6ctd  thtt 
^V^  tint  cX  6vet  tbiUMH  i^ho  fehtetkd  Canadk,  Mghl  Be  ilMfhtetti^.  tMk 
a^jtt  (ir'tbe  tMity  ttmiet  iOid  Wttfitotw^t  Itfataiicek  In  wHlii^  Otktr  Ma: 
ioMr  !*ttttMy  uMlkti^tliittto'rieii  tottlie  dtte^  luitlbits  fif  the4'«itli.  It  1^ 
iHeiuy  a  *Hi  (ftiMlt.  t  Ml  ptttty  iidMiS<teiit  Uiat  <i6  ihitti  of  i^iHieter  dr 
^trvr^hliii  Eitgithd  oir  ffiUt,  ettt  ttloltxt  m  \ht  Ahgrtkt  or illii^llt^ra  df 
Mib  cbtrtiny.  l«t  i  MtAh'tb  tell  It.  th«  AU^vutt  6t  o^  AMiealiki  Mtt  vH- 
iteMefllyillttb}4St!t«f  »aMti6h  ifcJtattftfl6n  in  Oiir  toifeiBlio^a^alina  odarheWtf- 
pi^h,  %%  lid  the  city  of  LdhtAtt.  t  could  Aihie  individokla  o^  the  iitnoat 
V6M1  IhKIl  tUfe  tt^l&llMllltimtk,  i-}cii^tbath)biiha<;iy  Bearhiieir  eomHry, 
^MiOtt  iaMstkdittn  it  Utit  HistMsie)  iYitl  eHiba/hMitfiiehti  ol  QVt  W^^ttHniAm 
^  at  least  equalled  th  at  of  lord  Castlereagh. 


w 


m 


TW  ewm  BRANGV. 


il 


I  %«s  awMpe*  lAal  «iy  fetM  of  eiirjl  war  were  regarded  as 
ffBieiiaiyy  as  tin  wild  ef^iomof  adiMidered  iHraki.  1  fraud 
mf9^ik  a  laiall  aMnoritjr.  And  were  tlra  eorrcetMts  of 
opinibiis  to  be  teeted  by  the  numbers  wk»  eMertain  then* 
iiiHiB  <N|o«ld  affwar  moat  oiiaavaUy  erroneoaa.  Bat  this  Is  li 
oenalinikta  not  warranted  ^htotor^r.  Ithadbeenatlioosaiid 
linMB  waerled*  and  wW  be  aa  often  (related,  tiMit  the  pe<^ 
]lle«f<ihe  United  SMateaweretob^nlighteaedtofidl  iatasiiek 
a  Altai  error,  and  that  thej^new  tee  well  4he  vidne  of  tkm 
lileiaMftg»^bey  «^|oyed,  to  aaeriAoe  them  ae  abiaMfy.  iSnoh 
a<d<AaMoB  WM  mrdonable  a  few  jrearo  pmnnkHis  te  tirnt  aeri* 
4A»  Silt  oar  wen  veoent,  etapendons  Ibllioa  oaght  to  Wa 
imio%4itoyaMed4t»  We  ^Htolayed,  in  many  eaaea,  aa  mudi  > 
iMal^4M  the  liaitD7y<if<the  wsrid  exhibits  iaanycf  Ito 

-  INUigar  Is  «ot  diminished  by  ehntting  oar  eyto  againatHto 
lyprsaeh,  er  %y  denying  its  eaistence.  This  woaid  ibe  • 
wenp^jwioeiDffHiy  foraeeamily.  Butit  is  not  to  bepnrehas* 
M4MS.  JlflidldiOBe  who  seriously  weigh  the  causes  that  led 
to^e«irll  wars  vhicJh  desolated  France,  ander  the  house  of 
Vaiois  i  iSng^nd  under  Charles  I. ;  and  4taly  ifor  entire  oen- 
taries,  irithlnirdly  any  Intermission  9  willhilve  reacoa  to  her 
Hwre  «tliat  ^oar  -soonrily  ytm  %y  no  meant  ab  weH  founded  aii 
was  geaerrfly  stt|»poBed.  >In  «umbei4ess  fokiU  of  dlew,  oar 
^luiitionsmd  eui>|NnooeedlngS'hore  «  Yery  strong  amdogy.to 
tlMae*of^Mie4:hree  nations  to  which  i  have  referred,  iraimedi- 
aie]y^Hmvi0us<to  'M^eir  respeetive  civil  wars.  Whoever  reads 
>iidiCh  iae  ifittention  ikiviia's  history  of  Franoe,  MachiaveKd 
af  FleHeneet  orClarendon^s  of  the  rebellion  binder  Charles^*, 
#iH  <be  •astonished  at  the  near>re8emblftnoe.* 

HtkicdMbrenee  betwoMi  our  situation  a  few  years  since, 
and  the  late  turbid  State  <rf  the  oountry,^as  indubitably  far 
greater'Hian  from  where  iirat  then  stood  to  insurrection,  and 
separation,  iMid-oivil  war.  While  there  were  so  mapy  oom- 
bttstiUe  niateriaki  eealtered  abroad,  and  such  unceasing 
lurins  tidien  to  it^hMie  the  public  mind,  very  trivial  acoidenta 

■' 'Jt  W-^-- J.r-«^  i '■•.|'i\'#         ''  '   ,      '  ■ 

>*t^eAiiiM«UH>snd9istnictlont.:Mid  faetioiu,  th»t  prcnnuled^wnons, 
and  'thelHiteh«ri««^altevnately  peraetntcd  on  i6aeh  other,  liy  tb«  contend* 
ing  ^»rtiM  in  the  Gredan  and  Italiah  republics,  are  ably  arti  inetroctively 
detailed  in  tiM  Defence  of  the  American  Conttitutioni  by  the  cx>pi<etident 
JMin  Adams.  Thi*  work  has  not  had  the  fate  it  merited.  It  has  been  laid 
Miis  md  alttpst  foigotten.  Yet  there  is  no  work  estant  which  ee&taiha 
mwe  useful  lessons ifor  an  American-— none  in  which  the  horrors  of  ^tioa 
4ire  mpjce  forcibly  -displajed— none  that  our  statesmen  and  politicians 
ou|^t  to  study  n^ore  careflpy.  A  few  passages,  selected  here  and  there, 
hate  been  «nq)loyM  for  the  purpose  of  decrying  it,  and  with  too  mueh 
mecess.  But  there  never  yet  was  a  human  prodnction  that  might  not  be 
condemned  40  the  Sums  by  the  «une~mode  of  trial. 


I 


I 


32 


THE  ULIVE  BRANCH. 


might  hare  enkindled  a  conflagration^— Oaee  nnhinge  a  msv^ 
enuDeiit-^bnce  let  loose  mankind  frMn  tbe  restraiats  of  law 
and  constitution— and  the  human  mind  -eannot  readily  ealeii- 
late  the  terribte  result.  M   n    - 

It  was  said,  that  those  who  had  forjeanr  urged  the  pro|»i- 
ety>  and  necesMty*  and  advantages  to  the  eastern -statesy  of 
a  disMutifm  of  the  utoion,  did  not  Intend  to  proceed  thus  far  f 
and  that  they  held  out  these  threats  in  temn'em  to  awe 
atM  admiajiti'atton.  There^is  the  strongest  possiUe  veaaoui 
to  b^eve  Inat  this  was  a  pemieiousy  a  fatal ,  erriNr-Muid  thai 
the  leaders  of  the  malcontents  were  perfectily  serious  inthelr 
views  of  a  separation.  How  often  had  the  ehurehea  f^hoAi 
with  the  insitrreetimial,  the  treasonable,  the  fMMtici^'  tiM 
Nbeilious  ery,  «WHEIIB  IS  OUR  MOSEft?  IFAcre  It 
tker6dqf  his  miraetesP  When  is  our  Aanm 9  Mbve  went 
Mfsesio  kad  us  omto/ths  laud  ff  ]fg0*  r*  Fatuii^y  itsielf 
eoidd  tiolk  mistake  the  meaning  of  this  spedes  of  declimaHoB* 
But  even  were  the  leaders  merely  threatening,  U  aflbrded  m 
no  security  agamsttbe  ruinous  result.  ThoM  who  raiso  tha 
storm  of  civil  eommotiofis,  possess  not  the  power  at  lAeawte 
to  allay  its  violence— to  day  with  offset)  "thus  far  shall  than 
go,  atid  no  farther.**  This  theory  was  fully  ewmplifled  In 
the  civil  Wars  of  England  between  Charles  1.  and  Ms  paHia- 
menty  and  likewise  in  the  Freneh  revolution.  The  latteiv  of 
which  nearly  all  the  eariy  leaders  perished  in  ii^  and  on 
scaflhlds,  is  a  very  strong  case.  Tory  few  of  thesie  distw- 
guished  and  illustrious  men  contemplated  ,a  reeourse  to 
arms.  They  hoped  for  a  bloodless  triumph  over  ty vanay. 
But  they  were  borne  down  and  destroyed  by  violenty  and 
wicked,  and  sanguinary  men,  or  rather  monsters»  whom 
their  proeeedinES  released  from  restraint*  but  whom  their  ut- 
most efforts  could  not  restrain  or  contn^  i^-f^i- 

Never  had  brighter  proiqiects  abaw  on  a  natimi  than  those 
that  shone  on  the  United  States.  Never  had  a  nation  been 
more  highly  blest.  Never  had  the  security  of  persouy  and 
property<^-^f  liberty,  civil  and  religious— 4ieen  attained  by 
such  easy  sacrifices.  Never  had  the  weight  of  government 
pressed  more  lightly.  It  was  not  felt.  Never  had  the  fond- 
est theorie$  of  philosAphers  and  lovers  of  mankind,  been  dioire 
compIeMy  Poalized. 

bur  case  was  very  analagous  to  that  of  a  youth  who  in- 
herits ff4*rge  estate,  and,  unacq^uainted  with  the  diftculty 
of  its  acquisition,  cannot  form  an  estimate  c^its  value.  This 
can  only  be  done  by  a  due  consideraypn  of  the  condition  of 
those  who  are  destitute  of  tbe  advantages  of  fortune,  fie 
becomes  a  prodigal.  He  lavishes  away  his  treasui^s.  He 
only  then  begins  to  appreciate  themy  when  they  are  irre- 


-*  v.,.„ 


THV  01  VB  BRANCH. 


•9 


trievabljr  Mmmilered.  This  wm  preeiaelj  our  esse.  -  Wo 
had  not  uimcieiitly  ooup«r«d  our  situation  with  that  of  Khe 
mass  of  maiilgiiid.^ — Wt  had  never  talien  a  fiill  view  of  the 
gloriouiB*  the  inestimable  advantages  we  possessed*  /W*  M 
the  moat  noble  inheritaaee  that  ever  feU  to  th^  Viit  of  a  n^r 
.tiotty  and  hnd  not  duly  appreeiated  our  hsppincss,  If  e  hn4 
jeopardiaHtfl  it  most  wantonly  and  fatuitously—- We  wene  on 
the  verge  «f  its  total  loss.  A  little  further  progresa  in  foHy 
and  madnessy  and  we  should  have  been  undone.  Wci  had  by 
rapid  strides^  approached  the  baidui  at  the  Rubicon.  Whether 
We  should  pipinge  in»  and  ford  the  sts^ain*  or*^^rtiek  wi^  • 
due  sense  of  oar  errors  and  our  danger,  make  a  retrograde 
mtovementy  ai^  regain  the  elysium  whence  wc  stairtcd,  wns 
in  tiie  wombt  of  time.  Heaven  directed  us  to  tlie  bieased  al- 
tenutive!  fieyond  the  ftream  verges  a  dreary  diesart, 
where  jmar^hy  and  ci^il  war  bolf|  their  terriftc  reigo>  with 
all  their  ^  long  train  d  horrors^  and  where  the  deViotts  paths 
lead^lreetly  to  ruthless,  despotism*  • 
.  It  was  time*  therefore,  to  make  a  solemn  pause-— to  re- 
trace our  steps— and,  since  we  ^fused  to  pnmt  by  tl|«^  sad 
«:iqwrience  or  other  ages  and  nations,  to  avail  ourselves  of 
«ur  own.  By  honest  endeavoars— by  abating  the  odious  vio- 
lence of  paliy  spirit— by  mutual  <»Mnpromi8e— by  rending 
asunder  tne  odioiM,  the  degrading,  the  pernicious  yi^eof 
the  violent  men  whose  influence  and  prosperity  depended  on 
public  commotiknm— we  might  happily  regain  the  ip^!itnd  we 
had  lost-^we  might  dispel  the  delusion  that  was  leading  us  to 
temporal  perdition. 

lb  vindicate  myself  from  the  chafge  oC  fi^y,  in  my  gloomy 
apprehensions aiM  anticipations,  I, submit  to  t|ie  rea^ipr  a 
few  specimens  <rf  the  nnceafdng  efforts  which  for  years  have 
beenmi^dngto  enkindle  the  ftuncs  ofeivitwar*'  That  we 
have  not  yet  been  involved  in  it,  is  mqtt  justly  iebftrgeable  to 
Ihe  want  of  a  dttC  degree  of  labovr  and  industry.  Kbver  was 
mweaetivity  dis^yed— never  was  a  cause  more  teduloui^y 
or  ably  advocated.  And  never  was  there  less  scru|ie  about 
the  means,  provided  Jie  end  was  accomplished. 

'*ipnorlMf«re^  Mk  of  July,  if  J»met  Madiaon  liMt  oat  of  office, 
a  imtjirm  ^gtmrnmtM  wUt  b»m  titeratkm  buhttaitem  atttim  tf  themttak. 
A»t4tmfyttfller,lUceiami»maiiy«ftieHate»t»illhe,  wiener  to  aSb&v  mtbe 
«U,  or  ialH  tbtmmitmimein.  'Lik*  cTery  thine  ciMfontold  jrwn  ago, 
«9d  wkidi  it  verified  everjr  4»y,  tliit  wwniag  wu|  tie  also  ridiealed  as  vi- 
sionary. Be  it  ao.  Bat  Mr.  Midiaon  cannot  complete  bit  term  of  standee, 
if  the  war  continues.  It  is  not  possible ;  and  if  he  icnew  human  aatiire,  he 
wonldseeit"    /lukrat  Befuhtkattt  Novmitr  7, 191^ 

*'  Is  there  a  federalist,  a  patriot  in  America,  who  conceives  it  his  dutjr  to 
shed  his  blood  for  Bonaparte,  for  Madison,  for  Jefferson,  and  that  HOST 
OF  RUFFIANS  in  Omgrtti,  who  havt  set  their  faces  agi^stUS  for  years, 


XHB  OMVB  BMlfCHL 


1      • 


9iw>««S|iiU  we  then  tny  long^ir  be  heI4  in  lUveiyf  Aoil.diiv^  to  deuontt 
^otlBi^^,  V  *^  4|^efeu  ikctioA?— HekVM  Ittttiii!*^  Jliiroii  ^dtditt,  ^  ;^ 

■ '  '  '  . 

'  '^.J^^VP"  "■"won*  ae  grmAfomt  if  tkuU 


rM9r 


SMBbn  by  invldOaafood.  DO.  Putor  of  fh6 tihtiMih 
i»(lf  3i  line  3B^  1B1%  ^ite'^- 

['  fP.  4 fivt/  war  i«C0in«i  <tt  oirrafs  m  the  evmtt  (iitt  AcyiMM  mifordiw  Ut  ^ 
iM«(fi  AIM  iM  MnfUifM  c^ 

•*if  ««,'WMilCMBMrre  theilibestioe,  Iw  «h»t  itii|Kiie,[the  AnerioWMRO- 
if  Mr  Vmn%tMiiMMU  tttxf^  nilc  if  imm  fiimei^^ftim  IMtt  ^  ^«l^tf'^lM»>^>f>" 


iMfiefet  Vw  lUenOijr'Mid  «Mte»Mbf)riic«paNb  tf  >lke  ^neiay^'dRnM  ndl, 
VknfAKidkfWimAmmiiji,  or  views  >of«Mtiemi  MnttitNiV  ilMi!  m4t  thMagbn* 
with  «  ipuftt  of  nodention  ud  sinceri^yr  ap  m  0  ^tenBlnat•  4ie  mfcimwn  W 
i^l^Bh  }lMiteftiriii|r  tU  hbrrote  enmod  us,  and  anest  therkUnifies  and  diatseat 
W*'S^gmiti  ieeuMnr,  HU  meem/y  $»  a/frUe  ytm^thm  tmhmmOuet  «ltf  ie  m 
Imgtr  bormt  vM.  The  ittfyred  Statu  aniHt^tunptlM,  %  ctttyi«Mli»4^  dM^ 
iitij^etLmdJiMam-i  hftne  numl^'exertim of  tUtr  ttrtmgtlw^m^fbiik  -iH^iUvmn 
ife??T<^.y?^V  '^  ^  '^  '"^^  ralracf.    TV  i#«  wtfS;*  coK. 

fflvK'  Ae  rttptmMiefir  the  mtmeiUmf  andcvu^agtiU  eaeatt,  aririag  JrmnJim  ditt^ 
imm  j^Oe  M^amtctnjiiikmfg,  dnd  iheelrecH^  oftAorite  g^verMenf.  It  wOl 
Di  ^m^fKih.  ^I^e  potMrity  irtBadittii^  thteuiafl|Wii>tout'»pbUoY'aifcfcM». 
epf  «wti«a>ofiMrcointip^aiid  #t«l|  s«|timeiiU  ofcMtiluvde,  cq^  itf* 

thtiplbiniieaa  andLwiadoiO'^-tlte-deacendaiita  of tbe  Sou%«nd  Wfat  will  haf* 
y«isdli  to  citfaeLtiie  iri&toi^onand>foliy  ofxoureouncUa/*    jfiaemnge  0^ 

pendmcet  the  Mrthem  people  viaeecwv  tharetjeet.   .101;  iliiilii»  l««i  i0pMe 
them.    M\i/9i*e*M:td^tiuid  thi^poneijyi«rm,    gy emf  wiwiupMa  <iijip>|  iwfl 
AwiK'A0f*  Mi^  iMOf^^nnu^    Pwknot  the  page  of  Uk^iy  iQsttucty<^ 
^>f^eaebi%wthe  Sootii,1ievet»c!(Mildfitcetl0s  ViBot^  aeti«%drtiie 
^fft^i   llonottto  events  vfpagtagm  tttmiiidyoa  of  tie  i«ataaibWttAb,^«^ 

mercai  tMB«;K^Mfe  a  wAofe  oimpittiAai^  ^  n(AiW'5iaiil$nti  depMm?  YouweH 
kxipit^tlieteniiiiucUan'of  the  etjj^dltion.df  Xierifts,  #tth'h'.a  liiiiift^  ofihou- 
feaaas,  aiMiiiiatthe'iQi«alH!  VbiBoomiMroial  AtiiMdMM  tMMMs  MtedkftltittteA 
MMatfgf  A84^^.<he»pl«h«irfM«iatkM^  tf 

mtal^ezctfUons  Fredbm  is  cmable,  wjben  rouBStl  by  oopi^sioii.  The  'hasdf 
ItCidieBoii&iHft  tiOt  oiuyUefeated  aiia^disjpers<^  e^witksa^ofdep  of SEoiithern  ef- 
femiiuusy,  bat  traWMM 'ii^  twaritiy  at  ]Meailtffe?*  -  (tS^n^^ 

"  When  sQch  are  the  effects  of  opprassion  upon  men  resolved  not  to  submh, 
as  4«p«.  vqAhui  die  KofihrandSeulfeafBurop^,  lt?d()a«U«gMrdf  tbe^raOd,  do 
yott.9aM«iur9ii)nelfwilhrit%procluoiiir7«Mmreftt^^ 
you.^hu Jt^qy  ^eneqwea  of  Northcn  fiweioeftvftie  -toibe  ^am^'va^/ttteam.i^Ott 
voail|^g9>etbe]r.w^laUBw  them^eUcs  toJl>gtnmphdiWpw<Mh4inpwiiW?  And 
by  wlnm  I  '^  Sottthem  and  Western  Staites !  Iw  ootsn  wb«iHHHl(»d'WiHi!U  4H|P 
i^|ij|lffi«ieatto.ke«p.iiioBder  {heir  own  enplaii!ea,popuktioi)„aiid^defiH»d.  Ui^ 

'^  ^bheMTie  dciivwed  befimtii«Ht«tnut«i««nior.  die  MaMU,wdMtlMxtwe%ai|taMoauwii|Mr 
tke  leciMAtiue  ofike  eomnoMeUth  tf  nuHeluttetti,  May  31,  fWO.  By  D*^  Oicood,!).  D.  p.U., 

wtfortliMa  Letter  to  JkunetiMaAiion,  b*  ■  MHth  JUnaMm.**.  pabu 


and 
duri 


THBQUVBllAIfCli. 


if 


t  ind  fidfy  f  by  couiie9»  tbe 


OllMtlHKM 


|!|)]rirwiMvh««Np«fttKl«ttaMtea^}aiMiaa( 
ingbnvinccv hm Mi diupwwfiilljr f<¥l«4^  ft l^uidM of dia^ipl 
ky  CMienli,  rfMNiuments  pf^m^        * 
Mlition,  imMeBib,  mmI  ttadneM  I 
^^ Th  aggHiiae  tutngih rfth€  Smtk m4  W9t*t  iff»mtt^t 

aiak  Amtthet/tumatt  tfOmtKaped  otheriuHMmeidthaH,at 
tmtrUm^mMUimfU:    WMle  tlieanp  wouMMfiwIoeiikUMc, 
fgktfivjbMdMi.   Wlitli  the  oauneUs«fthe«i»w0«kih»i}|q|n^t«l  Willi  ^ 
cordwttinteresta;  the  de^isioni  of  the  otlwr  inwid  jw  4>l<B9t94  byomtMul 
Bewai^!  Pause !  ^re  yoo  takothe  filial plimge/*  jfl^  P«C(t  fs-) 

*'Yoatw9e  carried  TOW  qipreniona  to  the  ufa^^  IF*  «|B«»  toiler 

*lmit.  ftettlMtlMC^ititathm  toitspaiitjn  ghetiaaeBafi^fbr4i»fii}wrflk 
iad^niidtffbr  till  pMl.  Ab«Mif«efy<yi«wikpl  law.  Btelse  wi  infagfldp^ 
and  hoi^onrablepeate-  ^ive  aw  Couneixe.  Incrcaieflar  nfhfy.  Protect 
our  leiilMlt    I7h/1M«  uMt  e6M|^  WlA  tM»e  iuH  dematiA,  vMonf  Mi^,  •me-uOl 

**  AnwrifBaoi !  VMiPASR  TQUft  ARM8-ya<(  viUfml* avMfitjm «^ 
We  muit  iMe  thttp  Ibr  the  emperor  ofFrfitee,  09  FOB  OtfSSELrElt.  It  ik 
tMtau  MMdMri'irtM  iiotr  pMiti  to  4iisam^;ilcida  alfcmativa.  int  Ifr.  Midi- 
am  and  hia  cabal  may  rest  asaured,  tkaMsii  ki  the  bearta  #nMqr1hfMMnid«  i(i 
tiUa  alNiaad  ffid  alaoait  niiiMd  vomlUy, »  MntiiMpt  ai^  ovnyy  to  iUwrtmta  the 
oiatioctim  when  bia  madnesa  riiisU  catt  H'mtb  actioB." 

™  CBnitmjRiipeptenf.J 

**  OUMmaakmmit  attmUk  t»  lh»  Jmarkm,  ium,u»^immtati^Mfih 
m  ofbimtiim  ITTSt  for  Annag,  t99,  kmttrJhfetmilhirMtil^  Lnthm^ 
c^mmertlal  t$^t  bitatt  Oeimtket  U  the  aAocA*  andfaranr  tbatto  thinoaehriea  Wqr 
moat  loode  ibr  inftty.  AlllMuty  bidcerifMn  ^ostbe  saerificedo^  the  attain  «r 
ftttriotlsm.    nM,  lutd  ptt  tiU4kmi  tkaBiki9  kmMe  lk$  p/Ubrnd  mUHm  if 


RnrNoi  vhoan  itrcpfOi  lieaki  tlMdr«i«i4nM»;  and  AMUim  Offimtlmiit^tUff 
madmen  of  Kettuekjf  0n4  Teanemtt  i*Af>  <H|pi^  *9  thegevemmeirt  rfA^e^t^tta, 
w^thnate»U{nvtH»ihic9waryintath&htrrer»^va^  ' 

(VMw Xflfw  CeiHiHimuu JtiHeitlttr'rJ 

T<^  Ifti^Wige  ot*\^  writvfii  is  ybuQ  a«d  iweaiiif«iiM)|.  j^ 
•dmiti  ef  »9  viicrttl^e  or  inlsiDgiustrttetifip*  TM  tUjr  i^tlmit4 
to  pradiwe  iM«i«e«lioi»  imd  difl9ol«tio«  4)C,  ^  mw^  P^cifs 
they  mA  ^heir  IHends  veve  «iifibM.|i|p0^  fipOB  jAJ^ 
i;ti¥«niment»  inpffirdlcs*  of  the  |iriglitOTlMi«eQiien«e^  4t 
woiild  te(|«ifo  (ooiwiiiilMito  inpiidiBiiee  to  4«iiy|  it  would 
bo  ^oUj,  4)r  HMNmity  to  4i«beUeve.  What  mi^it  n^tiniO^- 
il"  jbo  their  sneoefSt  it  was  inpoaHJblo  to  Sopem^  J^vav^ 
m^ng  depqidol  on  tM  «Nir»e  piirsued  by  tl^we  who  bi^  m 
inteMst  In  the  jiiUic  welifiure,  if  they  wvjKt  mot.  ww^iMS  ^ 
theiQfMlvee  mi  to  their  epmtrye  we  weine  siiyr^  to  |rii^  |vi. 
^Wiidi«it<ofer«iir  diHieiiltiesMd  eiphfunrnawvevita.  Aipt  if  the 
then  pnevailing  woBdorfid  apathy  eontiaiied }  it  we  rewnji^ 
^i^aMi^Vy  ^»^  our  anaa  ifiMt  whife  a«r  aitoatioii  hcNCame 
daUy  more  aa^  apd  4d«riiuas$  mia  wa^  inevitabie*  -^Wa 
should  have  afforded  one  of  the  most  striking  iastaiioeain  bis- 
toi«y«  of  imematiire  daaay  and  4earepitude.  t^  hvf^  in 
bis  m^rcy  lias  -avaiied  saoh  an  awfal  fate ! 

ReUaveawaa  jlattodby  thoae  wbQ  dofpied  the  e^isteaoe 
ttf  tba  danflariwtii<ib l ^pmcated^  apoaAhe  sobar .aharactfr 


se 


TtA  OUVB  BRANCH. 


of  (iMUfttiQii.  They  refurdedibftt  ehai«cter  m  kffwnmUm 
•gshist  dvil  war.  I WM  well  aware  of  this  eircanstaace. 
I  dlowed  it  a  ^ue  share  of  influence  and  iMportuice.  Bat 
the'ttro^i^iai'erenee  drawn  ilrom  it.  waa  unwarranted  by  lii»» 
tory.  Andiet  it  be  observeidf  onee  for  all>  that  theoniy  nn- 
arring  guide  in  gorerniatett  w  pQlitiea>  ii  bia(pry»  to  i  \ 
neiileet  of  whoaeloMona  may  be  ascribe  more  than  tuiv 
tiurdaofottr^rnMnandfbUiea.  , 

Tlie  Atbeniana  were  a  highly  poliehed*  and  a  reflned  peo- 
j^e.  No  nalion  in  aneient  times*  oyer  eseelled  tham  in 
these  respeets.  Tet  they  were  oeeaaionaUy  sedoeed  inlo  the 
most  fU^rtfiil  erueUies  by  th^ir  ClMms  and  other  enrup^s. 
They  often  massaeredtheir  iirisenen  in  eold  bhiodf  aadtong 
after  ttay  ^mtt  talcen.  And  th^  pnweriptlotts  and  butoheries 
the  adverse  parties  perpetrated  on  ^afih  iither*  as  they  gidned 
the  aseandeney,  are  mgbtful  subjects  oirt$gfS^im»  and  to  m§. 
ImM  out  UMSt  invaluable  warnings.  ^«>> 

/'"No  nation  of  modern  Enrone  axeellied  Fralice»  few  ^ual- 
'  led  hor-^in  eourtesy — ^in  mudness— >in  iirhamty.  ilnd  yet 
ne^er  did  ihanldnd  exhibit  themselves  under  a  more  hideous 
aspeet-»never  did  they  change  nature  nupre  completely  witii 
wohresy  tygersy  and  hyienas*  than  the  French  under4larat!* 
Danton*  Couthon,  and  Bobespierre.  (^  l^fiu  an,0KffiU 
bttont^  M  whkh  fftsw  wAe  were  iMdinr  mair  aid  to  tear  ^sion 
the  Miri  of  our  govemmeiity  iugMt»httoe  tUtMiid* 

Man  is  tM  same  every  where»  under  the  same  excitements. 
We  have  our  Cleons,  and  our  €!outh<niSf  and  our  OmitonSy 
and  oar  Bobespierrei^  who  oidy  reqninid  silitslile  ocoasions 
tO"h*te  given  seone  to  their:  eneitties^  Mild  and  gentle  as 
is  tin  >Ameriean^ai«eter  genendly»  the  revolution  in  this 
eounlryei^hlbilMfci  various  pliiees*  where  the  parties  were 
l«ncoroai^  em^^red  against  each  ottiw»  many  terrifying 
seenes.  PriwNiers  were  often  hung  hp  without  trial  by  the 
partisans  on  botll  sides.  !|len  and  wcmen  were  treache- 
rou^  shivt  down  in  thefa*  houses.  And  not  unfirequently 
private  malfee>  to  sate  its  ra^»  disguised  itself  under  the 
cloak  tif  pabHc  qpirit.  Let  us  ponder  wt^  on  those  cIremAr 
stanties.    They  arelhtught  with  importa:.i,  admonitions.     ^ 

To'anply  •  I'emedy  to  any  evil»  moral  Ar  phyaicalt  it  Ss  in- 
dlspeiiilwl^  neccssa;^  to  explore  its  natare-^4o  isseertain  its 
caaSe»*-4Uid  to  trace  its  tionsequences.  Any  oAer  poeednre 
arises  ft*om  error  and  folly,  and  is  pregnant  witU  defeat  and 
dlisappolntment.  /  t 

With  this  vi«w  I  respectfully  soiieited  the  public  atten- 
tion. I  took  a  rapid  retromective  glance  at  the  fcdiy  and 
goiltf  which  the  factious  and  discordant  state  of  our  country 
had  generated.    As  far  as  in  my  powSr,  I  divested  myself 


of  an 

ed'to 

arbse 

inadv< 

from;] 

con  vie 

tit*  i 

jealoui 

that  hi 

place' j 

gwai 

■IIUfVIM 

giiittstc 
than  ei 
Md  thi 

ihe^hitt 
view  of 
extent  r< 
pradiic« 
iH&'^ow 
myciie 

othpii^p^ 
pietuMi 
which  ii 
<titkei^n 

tivelyi'l 
nthHgnit 

steer  a  c 
on  politii 
object  is* 
supporte 


'fU.i 


jn 


C8|cipl»i 

,nf;iitB»,#Bi 
interests 
and  incoi 
to  the  pr 
equally  fa 


THE  OmVB  BRANtH. 


37 


\ 
I 

I 

i 

r 

it 

18 

ii 

IHI 


8. 

US 

»8 

l8 

It 


|lt- 


of  Miy  partjr*  bias,  and  treated  the  subject  as  if  it  belottg- 
ed'  to  aiMitheriai!^  or  nalMk  WlHiU>Viir  errara  I  fell  into* 
artae  net  from  sinister  intentioil  t  thisjr  were  ehan^aUe  ^ 
inadrertenM  and  httmaift  imperfectkw.  ^On  mjr  freedom 
jEinm.  purtiality,  I  frh  the  more  reliance,  frimi  m}^  «nuteral>l» 
convietionv  thi&t  both  the  hostile  parties  thbt  4i^^  thiaeokm* 
ti^«  ahid  who  re|[^a<d  each  other  with  so  innch  hatred  mid 
jealousy,  had  largely  contributed  towarda  tlie  miafortunea 
that  had  befidlen'  tt»— the  melanchc*y  change  that  httd  taken 
plaec'  in  oar  aitnalJon— and  tbft  dangera  timt  threatened  us. 
It  Wis  impomible  for  «  canAd  <  mlwd:  to>  revie«iitke  aDcnea 
tiiroi^$hf  wbieh  we  had  passed  for  sone^years,  without  a 
thoiNMHIfh  oonviotlon,  that  etch  had  bewii  ^SUf  ef  most  egre^ 
gftids  %rrora  and  QMiNi^  land  'occasionally  tif  aometbingn^orse 
than  eithctr ;  awAthat  (p^f^wfteacver  Uk  interefts  i^€Ae<mi(wie 
and  the  U^dretilf;  of  l^fonif  eamtin  ctX&nvkt  Hie  ftrmer.  had 
Um  ioi^freqiMinU^uiicrikwd*  hfibothj^deratUU  mmd  mmarMmt^ 
UltUUUri  ISomtk  who  has  tiny  pnUie  spiiit»  can  lake  a  ret* 
Tiew  of  «nr  hiiBtofy:  without  feelinf'thi  deepest  regnA  at  the 
extentfiif  the  misohief  this  miserable  system  of  conduet  bas^ 
pnidteced.  it hiw defeated minycf'ibe.Mblestplaristbatithe 
wi&oom'<of  the  countr^^  ha»etip#>deTi8ed.  i^m^y  ber  wirong  in 
my^ctHenlations;  but  I  belii^ttlt  has  prevailed  io  at  Imuiiaa 
j^itvli^xteht  hercy  as  in  idJiAost'siny  other  «ountry^>  or  at  any 
othpi^p^riod  isf^me.  Whentbci  present  generatiiin  aitafiirits 
pietuMlo  the  hiiiforian,  ii^illmn  a  throng  oantrast  ti)t  that 
which' is  paat^mMl  gone.  Theierrora  or  MKe^  howeVMh»  of 
either;  party  wMldnafie  prodlneed  but  littile  ii^ury  eompara-^^ 
tiyc^;' had  iMiti-tlMMe  bftUst  other  conspired  to  >gire  theak. 
mililigttityilmd'efliMit.^:'^'^  '>*'^*N  '^-  •  ,        .        .  ..--^..sl, 

I'nMiii  thi8^«xpo8ftbn  of  my  Tiews,  it  waa  obvimis  I  ibonld 
steer  a  course  very  different  from  the  generality  of  writers 
on  politieal  ti^es;  With'  hardly  a  single  exceptiDn»  their 
object  i%  hating  espouied  a  party,  to  justify  and  emUazon  its 
supporters^  whether  right  or  wrong  $  and,  if  ndeds^bct  -4- 
-■■■■'■.         ■■■  '  ■  ''.■■'         '■.'.  •-    ••        ■■  i^iMif 

^''To  m»|t^.th«.froncai^art]»<|^terc«iue.*'  ^.^ 

Ip  pnj^^it  of  tWol^ect,  their  bt^pi^  ar^  all  angeU 
pf  fig'ttiri— whose  sttblitaie  and  magnificent  plans  of  policy  ar^ 
c^ci^liii^d  to  j^i|oduce  aj(K)Iitic9l  mUlenium;  and|  their  onpo^ 
nciiits^,<f^ibQn9  jlncarnHte*  iiitent^n  the  destructioilttf. the  best 
iiiterestii  of  the  eidntty.  These  pdrtrattii  are  equally  ui^o^t 
and  incorrect.  One  is  all  beauty,  with  little  resemblance 
to  the  pretended  original- — the  other  a  hideous  caricature, 
equally  foreign  from  honour,  truth,  and  justice. 

*  Thii  i>  one  of  the  mott  lunentable  «nd  humiUating  facts  in  our  histoiir. 

C 


8t 


THS  OUYB  BBANCV. 


AaoBg  the  IHghtAil  egasMimiiflet  residtiiig  firom  tkit 
odkMM  |Mni6tiee>  a  fhi»  mmI  ptIpaU*  on*.  freMato  ittelt 
TkeM  hoirrtUe  portnitt  eng«n«er«l  a  satiuiieal  uiril  of 
hatiwdy  iialiM*  Md  aMiorraiefl  in  Km  partka  topravit  ea«h 
other.    CHisenB  of  adf enoiof iaione,  wmm  tiMrt  wtn  >er- 
feetfy  pare  aad  paUio  ipirited*  were  to  eaeh  other  oiyeete 
of  4ietlraat  aoA  jealoae7«    We  attaphea  ali  peMlUe  gaitt  aad 
wJokedaaiB    polUiaal  at  Ifaatt-to  onr  oppoMntft-x-aad  thea 
ileteetod  the  hehgohUae  wUeharehadourielves  eniUedi 
V  V  It  it  aot  thai  ■oeletr  ig  eoaititated.    ThewMe  el  aianhiiul 
perhaps  ef  .all  partiei»  aad  in  all  age%  have  iiaaat  ireU^.esc- 
oept  ia  very  forrapt  itatee  of  aoeietjr»    Ajii  IftMa  iMte  ie 
aeeoMacgr  to  prodnoe  haraioay  betweeii  tliear»  ttuul•tdalider• 
ateBd  eaah  other  eo^reeay.     Bat  hoetillty  ie  exeited  aad 
Staaled^  hythe  iatr^^nea  aad  aiaatte«eut  of  deaiar 
Mi  nAioae  iainettBe  aid  eeaeeqaencia  ^ctlMad  oa  iMieat- 
ieaeid,  and  aria artoald  oink into iaaigiiiilleanee  latlBMa 
ortranqfaaijityk  ManUaid,  asl  have  hiateil»hati9eaoliother» 
act 'for  real  existipig  diABreatiee^  hat  Hr  phaBtMne«  the  pre* 
daetkai  ai^^heated  inasiliatieaik    £xpeileBae  haa  ft«qaeatly 
evineed  that  the  teay  plaaaof  pemy  iHiieaipartiiro«tof 
powor  ha«»  renraihatM  and  i^maoonDeA  aa  peraieiON«ii  they 
have  puianed  theaiaelvea  ha/nifen  jnfe  th^  had,  ▼taiyiihed 
tiieir  oppsnentB^  and  aeinedtm  their  plaeQB*^  And  I<Mtl«v« 
arerymaa  of  leieetS^a  wAl  aehiiewMge*  that  If  «h» federals 
iati  hiid  rataiaed  th»  admnietratien  in  Cheir  bande*  they 
<#ould  hnf>»  advoealed  the  rightt  of  their  xHndry  af  ftnaly  ae 
their  aaeeeaoore  hatwdeae  |vand  aro^pn>haUy  have  f4ayitied 
nnnittna  to  resiat  the  amtgant  a«d  deetl-aetive  olaims  ef 
England,  aimilar  to  those,  for  whieh  they  have  tfaatrennewly* 
Ihoagh  not  very  hanoinrahlyor  ^fwaietinilSb^iPQaed  the  pre- 
aent adniiniateatien^ - ■ '    '  -.«r?^  -fisni  l'fii1;-^*;jty'irK'{iji^H';i  ;^y  U^' 
This  ie  hipt  awre  siqiposltioa.  i  It  is  hisilNM-IM*  It  tiill 
he  saenlntheeeqaelQl'  shis  werky  that  thf  Muralilts  took  as 
high  gwwrtidonthe  auhjeet  of  impreMiaeat,  and  ae  ftr^tlar 
and  patriotically  resisted  the  myust,  the  daring,  the  degriid- 
ing  pretensions  of  Baglaiid,  usi  Bfr;  ^eifcniiNi  or  Mr,  Madi* 


ne^  on  ^ese  tp|^ea  if  SQiQnt  sii|ft|ing  ovi6r  biiman  weakness 
and  fo^,  Federalisai' h^  in  theie  tniiiliioti^  ^W"^  ^ 
^taianfvert(^ii?eir<iced,,  ,,^ 


^TVy'Mil.  tvi-v 


rt|«Hafe'^%'WsiV*»^'Wfe*'-!JS*J»-'»it^ 


THB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


■y.,  ..^,-    .,j,, 


OHAPTBR  U. 


:..«V' 


-«'C^* 


kess 

an 


J^rrvr*  of  <Ae  BemotroNe  Aiffy.    FMerAi  OMufitMtton.  I!|^ 
MfiM  to  a  JVlwif.  M^  omI  iVeriiNMi  low.  Jofa  IVeoly. 

iKpnnmne^oriiijrpltii,  I  proe««d  t«  •  review  of  thoae 
errdri  of  the  denoeratie  party>  which  etatribiiteil  16  vrodaee 
the  ehente  In  the  proBpeetsef  this  eomitry,  kbA  to  dusen  the 
-  temieil  horizon ;  and  I  trait  It  will  appear  that  I  have  not 
OMie  them  if^ustleein  eharging  a  lai|^  portten  of  the  tolCx 
and  ifailt  to^th^  ieeo^nt 

In  the  convention  that  formed  the  federal  eoaetitQtien>  the 
democratic  party  sowed  the  seeds  of  a  prematnre  dlfsotution 
of  tiiat  instrument)  and  of  tile  American  eonfederacy.  Re- 
ipu^ing  society  more  as  it  ought  to  be,  than  m  it  has  ever 
been;  or  is  ever  likely  to  be-44ed  away  by  theories  more 
plausible  than  soHd-^applyittg  toafi^ee  deetive  government* 
deriving  aH  Iti  powers  and  authorities  from  the  voiee  of  the 
peopie»'  ma:dm8,  and  apprehensions,  mid  pTecautiottSy  ealea- 
latM  fbr  the  meridian  of  monarchy,  thev  directed  dl  their 
efbitSf  aad  att  their  views,  towards  guarding  against  oppres- 
sion finmi  the  fbderid  government.  Whatever  of  antaority 
or  ptnrftr,  they  divettted  it  of.  to  bcstoHr  m  the  itete  govem- 
meiits,  or  reserve  to  the  people,  wM  regarded  ibi  an  impGnr- 
tant  adVantige.  Against  the  federal  government  their  Itsars 
tmd  terrors  were  whdly  directed.  This  waa  tiie  horrible 
monster,  which  they  laboured  to  eripple  and  chain  down,  tp 
prevent  its  ravages.-*The  state  governments  they  re|purded 
with  the  tttittost  Cfmiplacenc,  as  the  poUlc  proteetora  against 
this  dreadM  enemy  of  liberty.  Rad  they  succeeded  in  idl 
their  views,  they  would  have  deprived  the  general  govern- 
ment of  neariy  all  its  efficiency.  Alas!  lltUe  did  they  sUp.^^ 
pose  that  our  grestcst  dangers  would  arise  firam  the  usurpa- 
tions of  the  state  governments,  sOine  of  whkh  have  since 
most  aWftiUy  and  treasonably  jeopardised  the  unioh.  Unfiiv- 
tunately  thii  party  was  too  successflal  in  the  convention. 
Its  endeavonrs  produced  a  constitution,  which,  however  ad- 
mirably calculated  for  a  period  of  peace,  has  been  found  4n- 
competent  in  w^r  to  call  forth,  at  once  and  decisively,  the 
energies  of  the  nation,  and  the  administration  of  which  has 
been  repeatedly  bearded,  baffled,  and  thwarted  by  the  state 
governments.  Had  the  real  federalists  in  the  convention 
succeeded,  and  made  the  general  government  somewhat  moro 


40 


THK  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


I 


eiMrg^tic— endowed  it  with  a  small  depee  icore  of  power- 
it  night  endure  for  c^dituriao.:  IWbntnte  at  present  awaits 
it>  is  not  in  humau  wisdom  to  foresee.  I  fenrently  j/ny,  with 
the  celebrMed  .^"tther  Pat)l»  aio  ptrpetua. 

This  error  of  the  «|f  moeroite  vartjf  arose  from  a  want  of  due 
regard  to  the  history  of  republics*  and  flrom  a  profound  study 
of  those  poUtipal  iivKters  who  had  written  under  nKNiareh^al 
govemmentSf  and  whose  views  were  wholly  direeted  to  guard 
against  the  danger  of  tyranny  flowing  from  the  orerweeninc 
re^  power»  espeoially  when  possessed  by  men  <^  powerful 
talentst  and  great  ambition.  The  theories  whence  thevderived 
their  views  of  government  were  splendid  and  sublime— the 
productions  of  men  of  great  public  spirit,  and  regard  for  the 
general  welfare  and  happiness— and^  had  they  been  duly  at* 
tempered  by  maxims  drawn  from  experiencci  would  have 
been  of  inertimaUo  vijue* 

JBtUMiikmetUofaamaUMiipif,. 

Ths  steady  and  factious  opposition  made  by  the  demoerat- 
ic'  party*  to  the  establishment  of  a  small  navy*  adequate  at 
least  to  ihe  protection  of  our  own  coasts,  has  been  proved 
by  the  event  to  have  been  most  wretched  and  mijBorahle 
policy.  It  arosct  as  weU  firom  a  spirit  of  hostility  towards 
the  pwrty  in  power*  as  from  a  sordid  and  contemptible  spjurit 
of  economy*  which  has  in  many  instances  disgraoed  and  dis- 
hmioiured  this  party*  who  have  frequently  proved  themselves* 
to  use  »  very  trite  but  very  expressive  proverb*  <<  penny 
wise— pound  foolisb."  When  we  analyse  the  boasted  spirit 
of  economy*  to  which  the  opposition  to  a  navy  qiay  be  in  part 
ascrijbed*  we  shall  find  it  arises  from  two  sources  $  the  one* 
from  men, of  narrow. minds  carrying  into  public*  the  huck- 
stering habits  qf  private  life.  The  other,  a  base  s|ttritof 
courting  i^pularity  by  l^usbaqding  the  public  treasure*  even 
<m  occasions  when  liberality  is  true  economy*  which  as  ft«- 
^uently  oeour  iii  publio  afTaira  as  in  private  Ufe.  Both  hto- 
ttves  are  equally  contemptible  $  but  the  latter  is  the  more  per- 
niCiQus*  and  produces  the  most  ruinous  consequences.  It 
starves  and  smothers  public  undertakings*  and  publio  spirit  $ 
and  often  defrauds  illustrious  men  of  their  due  rewards.  It 
is  the  characteristic  vice  of  our  times*  and  of  our  nation*  and 
ought  to  be  hunted  down  by  every  man  who  has  a  real  regard 
for  the  honour  or  interest  of  his  country.  To  this  vile  spirit 
we  must  ascribe  the  never-enough-to-be  despised  debate, 
whether  ]^aton*  the  glorious  and  immortal  hero  of  Derne,* 

*  Perhaps  my  eitimitte  of  thii  exploit  may  be  erroneous.    I  eannot  bat  renrd  it 
as  ODe  of  tne  most  illiutiioos  events  ia  American  military  aflain  by  land»woieA  aH 


THB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


41 


it 


Bhonld  b«  rewftided  witii  a  sword  or  a  medal !  a  debate  wkioh 
bfoiightdown  OB  the  ooogrvM  in  whieh  it  took  ]ilaee»  the 
coHkempt^  every  magiiaiiipMiia  end  Itberai  man  in  the  na> 
tioBi  a  debate  whieh  would,  have  diegraeiBd^tbe'  eommon 
counetfof  the  moet  petty  borough  in  the  union.  Ta  thia  sfil- 
rit  it  ia  due»  that  votea  of  thankst  and  iworde*  and  tims*  and 
other  eheap  modea  of  displaying  our  gratitude,  have  tran- 
qnilisf  A  our  mipds^  apid  deceived  us  into  the  opinioUf  that 
we  have  paid  the  bounidless  debt  due  to  the  HuUs^  the  Bain- 
bridges*  the  Decatursy  the  Perrys,  the  Porters^  the  Mae- 
doi9oughs»  the  Jonesec*  the  B^pleys,  the  Browns»  the  Seutts* 
thi9  Col|^es»  the  CarroUs»  the  Macombsy  the  Jacksons*  and 
the  other  lieroea  whose  gloiy  will  Uve  as  long  as  publie 
spirit,  eonouaunate  talente,  and  bravery  o<MBmand  the  vene- 
ration of  mankind. 

The  modest,  th^  unassuming,  the  youthfiii  Perry,  reseued 
a  wlMdcf  frontier,  men,  women,  and  children,  taw^  the  mur- 
derous toinahawk.  Macdonougk  certainly  rescued  ano- 
ther, and  prevented  the  enemy  from  establishing  his  winter 
quarters  fiur  within  our  territoi^.  And  Jackson  has  achieved 
rar  himself,  and  his  country  immortal  honour,  by  an  exploit 
certainly  never  exceeded,  perhaps  never  equalled.  He  pre- 
served one  of  the  moet  important  keys  and  emporiums  m  the 
country*  from  the  power  of  the  enemy,  by  the  most  consum- 
mate prudence,  talents,  and  bravery.  The  interest  of  the 
property  he  SMved  from  depredation,  is  probably  above 
0750,000  per  annum.  Tet  I  doubt  whether  there  is  grati-. 
tude  enough  in  our  public  bodies,  who  hold  the  purse  strings 
(^  the  nation,  or  in  the  individuals  whose  property  has  been 
preserved,  to  make  him  any  adequate  return.  X  hope  and 
pray  I  may  be  deceived.  I  deprecate  being  correct  in  this 
calculation.    But  I  have  fearful  misgiving  on  the  subject. 

To  enable  us. to  form  an  estimate  of  tlie  immense  debt  we 
owe  our  illuftrious  heroes,  it  is  only  necessary  to  call  to  recol- 
lection, the  prostration  of  the  public  mind,  and  the  degradation 
of  the  national  character  in  the  eariy  part  of  the  war,  when 
bur  operations  on  land  were  ((one  continued  stream'*  of  dis- 
graces and  disasters;  and  when  biit  for  the  exploits  of  Hull 
and  a  few  others  on  the  ocean,  the  name  of  an  American 

tlie  eireamitwoes  of  the  Mite  are  taken  into  view.  I  never  refleet  witlmut  amasc' 
ment  and  admiration  on  tlie  heroiim  of  the  gallant  bfcnd,  wlw^  under  this  intrepid 
chief,  pierced  tiirough  the  friditful  detart,  and  ahook  a  ^wertul  luarper't  throne  to 
the  centre.  I  have  alwayi  deplored  the  inauspieioaa  mleTference  that  daihed  the 
glorioat  prize  to  the  earth  ja«t  aa  Eaton  had  stretched  dot  iiii  hand  and  yru»  ready  to 
•eize  it  withaMtlie  MnaUett  dancer  of  anu|tfiiv6urablc  renih.  The  sUteof  MaMa«ia< 
aetta  acquired  a  high  denee  of  honour  by  its  Uberalitv  to  the  warrior  of  Oeme,  on 
whom  it  beatowedlOjOOn  acres  of  land  as  a  mark  of  its  esteem  and  admiradon. 
Thia  act  of  generoaitT,  by  the  contrast,  made  the  miserable  conduct  of  Coogreaa 
appear  worthy  of  additional  contempt. 


41 


THE  OUVB  BRANGR. 


n'*ij 


^vmM  have  been  »  pMBport  to  shMiie  m4  (HigMkM.  Tli« 
aatioiial  ehtraeter  was  supported  tlmuglioMt  the  war  1^  «ur 
little  naTy»  whose  exploits  mav  ehaHenge  eottparlriMi  with 
any  of  the  most  signal  aets  of  heroism  reeoMlefl  In  history. 
And  on  land  it  was  towards  the  elose  nobly  retrlered  by  the 
lieroes  whooe  names  I  have  ciren*  and  others  who  will  graee 
their  eoinitry*s  annals.  Ana  is  it  possible  that  eongreia  wUI 
be  base  enouch  not  to  give  some  substantisl  proof  m  the  na'- 
thm's  gratitude  for  benefits  so  fir  beyond  all  priee  1 

In  no  lnstanee»  hitherto,  have  eongress  or  the  people  of  the 
United  States  discharged  their  duty  la  this  respeot,  or  dis- 
played a  sultal^  degree  of  rratitudi).  Of  totes  of  thanks 
ther  have  been  abundantly  liberal.  These  east  nothlnff. 
A  few  swords  and  medals  too  have  been  awarded.  But  of 
all  the  benefaetws  of  their  eountry— those  men  wK^  httvt 
pmeroed  it  from  the  boHomUn  albpm§  of  diifraee  dud  iU- 
MHourinto  wtiitk  it  itfat  predpiUmdfffriUing'^mho  have  given 
it  a  ranlc  among  the  nations  of  the  earth»  I  believe  there  la 
not  one  on  whom  the  nation  has  bestowed  a  reward  worthy 
of  him  or  it.  Who  was  he  that  said*  •«  the  sin  of  ingratitude 
is  worse  than  witchcraft  ?"  Whoever  he  was,  hoaoared  be 
his  name. 

The  debt  due  to  the  illustrloos  men  with  whose  names  I 
have  honoured  my  page,  and  others,  who  have  trod  the  same 
path  of  glory,  can  hardly  ever  be  discharged,  even  on  the 
ground  of  m«re  calculation  of  benefit  to  the  nation,  exclusive 
of  the  elevation  of  its  character. 

If  England,  whom  in  this  respect  we  onriit  to  aspire  to 
emulate,  gave  fiOO*000{.  sterling  to  her  Wellingtons  and 
Nelsons,  let  the  United  Stales  give  some  solid  and  substan- 
tial proof  of  their  gratitude,  to  their  illustrious  heroes.  I 
need  not  add,  that  I  do  not  calculate  upon  such  very  extra* 
vagant  rewards  as  the  British  parliament  voted  **  the  great 
lora,"  as  he  has  bean  stykd.  But  the  gift  ought  to  be  worthy 
of  the  donor  and  aeceplnr;  ought  to  operate  as  a  rewwrd  to 
the  meritorious,  and  a  i^mulaa  to  excite  others  to  emulation. 

This  is  in  some  degree  a  d^ression.  But  I  hope  the  feel- 
11^  of  my  readers  wiH  be  smiciently  in  unison  with  these 
sentiments,  not  to  require  any  ^lology.  I  tiierefore  make 
none.    I  retam  to  the  navy. 

I  feel  confident,  that  the  nation  has  lost  one  hundred  times 
as  much  through  the  want  of  a  small  navy,  as  it  would  have 
cost.  Numliers  of  instances  have  occurred,  of  valuable  mer- 
chantmen having  been  captured  by  petty  pickaroons  or  pi- 
rates, with  one  or  two  guns.  Our  ports  have  been  insulted 
and  outraged,  and  the  ships  and  cargoes  <^  our  merchants 
been  plundered  by  privateers  and  rioops  of  war,  ¥rhich  a  few 


TUB  OUVB  BRANCH.  4» 

trne^  ▼Mwb  wo«ld  Imiv«  ftNrMd  to  keep  a  reepecUtel  die- 
taaee.  There  ii  none  of  the  pointe  on  whieb  the  two  hoetUe 
nnrtice  Imto  dUbred^  wherein  tne  denoerata  hate  been  ao  Tory 
nr  below  their  adreraarlea  In  eonanltinr  the  real*  the  per- 
manent honour  and  iiterett  of  the  coun&y,  ai  in  the  eetah- 
UehnMntof  a  na?alfbree.  The  peliey  of  the  iMeraliU  in  thia 
reipfet  waa  dignified  and  hononrable }  that  of  the  democrats 
mieembly  eontraeted* 

MMmd  8»iUi0iiLawi,mtd  Eight  ptretiU,  Loam. 

Turn  faetioM  elanionr  excited  agaiaat  the  sedition  nnd 
alien  iawv»  md  acninet  the  eight  per  cent,  loan  which  cla- 
nonr  waa  the  prineipal  means  of  changing  the  administm* 
tion»  and  tnking  k  Ikon  the  handa  of  the  federalists^  to  place 
it  in  those  of  tto  democrats— may  be  iustly  reckoned  among 
the  ains  of  the  latter  party.  A  candid  review  of  the  so-sty- 
led sedition  law»  at  the  present  lioarf  when  the  public  fer- 
ment to  which  it  gave  rise  has  wholly  subsided^  will  satisfy 
any  repMmable  nuin»  that  so  far  Arom  being  an  outrageous  in- 
fHngement  <rflibert7»  as  was  asserted^  it  was  a  measure  not 
merely  dcfencHtle ;  but  absolutely  necessanr  and  indispensi- 
ble  towards  tl|e  support  of  government.*  Td  enable  the  rea^ 
der  to  judge  wr  hinm^f  without  the  trouble  of  referring  to  a 
voluiii^<f^lf%e  Uws»  I  annex  the  document  itself. 


■bA  Hodw  of  RepreMBtatiiM  of  llw  U*He<l 


«*  8e«. i.  Ife  it  mbi^mI  bv  tiit  SiMte  mA  Hodw  orRepreMatatiiM  of  ihe  U*He<l 
aeitet  of  Awrl—y  ti  Cujnm  ■— Me<,  That  Vnif  ptwoM  iImJI  lulnfiillg  emk- 
Hntm'  p$midt«iHff$k^.willkimpitt9tt0fm  ami mtamirt or mtnmirti  tftttg^ 
tmniimn/  fftktUpted  Stmf»,  mM  ore  fr  thaa  be  lUreeteil  bj/trapermithurug. 


er  f  iMpA  ike  efemlki 
tontw  |M 
8mo»aiii» 


.  _..^. ^Jtrapertmtfuntgf 

ff  ikeVkhedSlalee,  o^  to  MiMfMMe  or  »• 
IwinoraiMMrllM  toMmMniofUio  Ui.iM 
or  MMMMiag  UtUiut,  m  dutyi  and  if  anj  per- 

mdl  ooHtel,  odvbe  or  MUMip  to  prOMW 

't  or  MnUwwKt 


thrMteniBg»  eo«MHLaMi^fl|r«lt«mpt«MUhflifo  tke  pnfoMd  oibetor  aot.  U 
All!  bo  4oemo<nMr  ofolMiahdaneUMri  aad  oil  oanvietioR,  boftre  mt 
^  Vahod  8«alM  iMMiff  Jo>Miotia»««feoC  rinB  be  pwiMm)4  bjr  0  Im  Ml 
H>t^  thywpil  *aw»o«<te  iiMriw»oBtduriot»tomootlo»tl>Mi  ■»  mvmmH 
DOT  QKoecoJI  yw  7«W*  t  aad  fi^rilar.  at  the  teMretknof  tlie  ooort,  majbehoMon 
fo  find  ioNliaillrab  or  Owir  gaol  MurrioorfaiaMli  vua,mikren^tiBi»,ufbe 


««8oe.a.  Aii4beitfiirtlwroMoled,TI«tifoaj 
paMbh*  orihoH  canae  or  pcoeore to  be  viitten 
■haB&iMwiBrtf      *    ^' 


i|Mdl  writ*,  prioL  otter  or 


I  canae  or  pcoeore  to  be  viitten.  ^^tedt  ottered  or  poMibcd,  or 

,  aadiriMoArMriitoraidte«ikbi«bprioan^ulliriMorpobiisUw 

VmnMUt  teoHdtdam  mtdmaSdeuewrHiiurer  uriHugt  wabut  Aentmnrnm* 
V  the  Vnited  SMett  or  either  heuee  ef  the  ConcTVMjurtAe  TTnAftf  SMee.  er  Ae 
Pniddmt  ^a»  CMtetf^  Aotu^  irkhlntenft  to  deitme  Ui«  nld  tOTemMoCor  olllMf< 


•  UiiliMllPMMtoMfwtlMtaotwrHerortI 
io,  aod  aomoob  olmnod  tt  tbe  wdhableoanteqa 
amrmaDttAeeoaunoidtt.    Aiitfoqaire»an« 


I  twrHer  of  thia  book  waa  aa  ardeat  in  Wa  ODMaitiaq) 
foeneea  of  the  alien  aod  ■ediDaq  law%>aa 
angrmaDtktaeeoaunoid^.  Alt  faaoireaan  e«traowHiMay""d«tree  efoerpweai  w- 
hrto  rod*  tKi  aAMitrf^vii4Hi|  opMnnkal  diMcdeiv  w  it  roqi&ea  paot  atraigth  ^ 
|Am1  lokoep  ontof  thevqetox  offiNilifpi  eootagiflih  when  prpnlent  vHb  thoio  whoae 
opintona  are  yuAraBy  eobKedal  witn  oor  own.  Of  thla  itrength  of  mind  the  writef 
waa  destitnte  in  conn«B  «ith  a  laife  portioo  of  his  fellow  dtlzens. 


I 


-f^: 


44 


THB  OUIVB  BRANCH. 


haoM  of  tht  CttRMH,  (r  th«  iM  Pt>MidMM<  Wto  Wni^  dM«t  tv  sNI^ 
to  ««ntmiiM  or  duraputat  or  to  osolto  Mtlnvi ihom»  or  eiUiqr or  w»  of  thum.  iho 
hatrod  of  (he  |[Oo^  peopU  of  tho  Unllod  9Mn,  or  to  Mir  «tt  Mdition  within  tho  Unl* 
tad  SoitMi  or  to  exoito  m  MAtawfii)  oonUMtUMi  iNMl^lhr obmIwi  or  rtoMNg 
any  hv  of  the  Vnitetl  StatM,  or  n^jr  Mt  of  tho  pvftldMt  iftho  Uiiltod8«i|M»)dMio 
In  |H|niMnoo  of  a«]r  iiMh  laiiif»  or  oftfio  ppvori  in  him  veltod  py  tlio  wmtltuUan  oTtho 
United  Siitoii  or  to  rwltt,  oppotot  or  MllMit  liny  «Mlk  lnwlir  Mti  ttr^erf  aUi  m^ 

tMrietMt  «r  MwnMWNl,  thtn  MMb  porNQi  lieing  tfafraof  «onvl«t«d  boToreoiqr 
court  of  the  trnttodStatoi  hnvincJuriMllotlan  HMrMliiSl  boV«aUh«d  bj  n  flno  not 
«x«<NNliMtwotho(mnddollwVnndbjlmprtianmtnliwtoxOMd<Mgt«oy«i^    ' 

**8oe.ii  MdbtUjyrtktrtiuultdtmdaicUtrtd,  Thottftny  pononHiK||b«pro< 
iMtttiad  undor  thit  not,  (br  writiiw  or  puhiiahinx  uqr  Hbol  u  oraroNid.  «7  <«  Motf 
<t  hvn^Ar  $h$  d^hmbmtt  ypmm  trial  ^4h$  tmMk'Ugtimt)ttvUmtt»bthk 
dtfimee,  iht  ttnth  i^  th»  miaur  fntititwl  m  th»  pmNwaUit  cAorjW  cm  a  MM. 
And  tho  Jnrjr  who  imII  try  tbo  eauw,  thtU  hwr«  n  right  to  dettnniM  tho  low  and 
tho  Ao^  ttnoer  the  diremion  of  tho  wMirt.  M  in  othor  oawi.' 
t  *•  9ao.  <i  4»di(iitjigrthtr  mhwIm^  That  thia  aat  ahali  oontfauioaad  bo  bfiyeo 


The  fate  of  this  law  holdi  out  tak  «^4inpbr&iit  tdisoii  bn 
Ihetion  and  party  spirit,  tiaudable  and  neoeiftary  as  It  wtui» 
and  guarded,  as  fkr  as  a  law  can  he  guarded*  ag^alnsti  abuse, 
the  oppoBitioii  to  it  waa  as  violent^,  and  it  ex<iited  as  ihiioh  hbrror 
and  indignation,  as  if  it  had  "Wholly  desticoyed  the  liberty  of 
the  firess,  and  «  kft  not  a  trace  fteAifid***.  Ai^id  in  t)i1i  sense- 
less and  disgraceful  cUnKuU*,  were  eiigiij^  yM.,l>i>|l[l'ft^.^Ve  <^ 
the  best  and  most  intoUigent  members  Qf  the  c0f|ini^hi|^y. 
The  Alien  and  Sedition  Laws  were  made  the  subject  of  ah 
alegant,  but  violent  and  intlanimatory  rawrti  agreed  to  by 
the  legislatiire  of  Virginia^  as  resneetableiand  en^htened 
a  deliiSeratiye  body  as  any  in  the  united  Stetei,  or  perhaps 
b  the  world.  But  they  were  bHten  by  theniad  dog  of  fsctibn 
in  common  with  so  larg^  a  portion  of  l^ejhp  follow-citiBens,  and 
were  ifeiacd  with  the  prevalent  disuMc^*  They  regarded 
the  two  obnoxious  laws  as  inroads  upon  public  liberty*  which 
v;)required  tb  be  repelled  with'the  ittm6si(ii)Nnnes8. 
*  It  would  be  uncandid  not  to  state,  that  the  trials  undeir  this 
act»  ibr  libels  against  the  president|  and,  asfhr  as  my  re<»l- 
lection  serves  me,  againi^  some  of  the  other  public  function- 
aries, were  managed  with  very  considerable  rigour;  and, 
Irom  the  abuse  of  the  laW,  tended  td  give  an  apbearance  of 
-  wopriety  and  justice  to  the  clamour  against  it.  The  case  of 
v7%omas  Cooper  uid  Matthew  Lyon,  Esqrs,  who  were  bbth 
treatei  wilh  remaricable  severity,  excited  a  high  degree  of 
sympathv  in  the  public  mind.  I  have  strong  doubts,  whether, 
under  all  the  circumstances,  a  JU17  could  he  found  in  London 
to  pronounce  a  verdict  of  «  ^lulty''  against  either  of  them. 
Of  the  two  cases,  it  may  be  justly  sai£-'-ntiiimiim  ju$,  ntm- 
ma  i)|ftiria.  But  the  censure  did  iiot  attach  to  the  law,  jit 
Jay  at  the  door  of  the  juries.  <i 


THB  0LIV9  BRANCH. 


40 


thU 


I  hav^  UtUe  to  oflppr  ittpeoting  the  alien  law.    It  was  un- 

tbt«41y  UaUe  to  atrQUg  objeo^>oai.  It  invutod  tl^  preiii- 
it  wito  ppwem  liable  to  great  abi«i9»  B'4t  it  certainly 
never  warrjinted  the  awfttl  outcry  that  was  raiaed  againat  it 
To  eni^»le  tl^  readar*  howcTer^  to  fom  bia  own  opinion-rf 
andt  if  mine  be  erroneoua^  to  r^eot  it  altogetbe^>  1  annex  the 
poet  olfnozioua  clause  of  the  act. 

§h$$n  ^Amrka  in  Ctngreu  ttnmbMt  That  H  AaW  be  hwfld  fbr  A*  pNiident 
•ftlMUiiH«dBl«lMktt«nyUmedliriii|dMeantbMaM«rtM*MI,  t* onlar sH auek 
alicot  M  Im  tUmSi  Jud|«d«iiMratti  to  ompwm* tiMl  Miieti  of  Um  Unitod  Btatov «r 
•ball  hava  remonaMfl  |nwiuM  to  lUapMt  ara  •onteriMMi  in  any  trMwoMUe  or  M«i«t 
naaMnadoMagiritwt  uw  fovarnmM  thareoT,  to  depart  oM  ofUie  taMtorjr  ofthe 
l7AiM4%to^  wlUiin  nm  time  aa  thall  be  exprvned  b  Miak  dwlqri  wbiah  order 
Ml  be  acrved  on  nioh  alhin  by  deliveiini  bim  a  eopy  Uwreor,  or  leaving  the  lameat 
Nb  «HUd  ahodo,  and  retunied  to  the  effiae  of  the  aaeratanr  ol'ttato,  bf  the  manhal  or 
ether  (lenon  to  whom  the  tame  thall  be  direeted.  And  w  eaw  any  alien  jo  ordered 
to  depart,  ihall  be  found  at  Ume  within  the  United  State*  aaar  the  thne  Umitad  hi 
•nohorderfbr  hit  departure,  ananothaviiig  obtained  aUcenM  ihm  the  pveaidentto  re- 
ride  tberefai.  er  <haviiig  obtain^  anah  Hemm  ah*!!  not  have  aohromod  Utarato.  vmj 
•ueli  alien  ■hall,  on  oonviotion  thereat  be  impr^ONed  fiir  a  temn  not  eMoedinir  thne 
yeai-a,  and  ihall  never  after  be  admitted  to  beepme  a  oitlsen  of  the  tlniled  Sttlea. 
^rtmUkd  ahtujit,  and  be  UfitrtKer  tmuttdt  Ihat  if  any  alien  to  ordcivd  to  depart, 
•hall  prtnre  to  the  oatitfiiotion  of  the  praridem,  by  evidanoe  to  be  tHken  befiaw  wah 

K«on  or  penont  at  the  presitlent  thtll  direot,  who  are  for  that  purpote  hereby  an- 
ilied  to  admlnltter  oathi,  that  no  iigary  ur  dannr  to  the  United  Sutea  will  arite 
fimn  Milibrini  tueh  alien  to  reiide  therein,  die  pretident  may  nant  a  Uetnte  to  auah 
plien  to  renuttn  within  the  Unltod  Statei,  for  aueh  time  at  he  ahaHJudfe  proper,  tmfL 
at  tiieh  pfaioe  ai'he  may  derimtto.  And  die  pretident  may  abo  require  ofiuoii  aim 
to  ontarintoa  b«Mi  to  the  Calleii  Statet,  b  aueh  jpenal  tarn  aa  he  may  <lh(eot,  whh 
one  or  more  aulBelent  turatiei  to  the  tatiitiiotion  or  the  perton  authorised  by  the  (ire- 
iiident  to  take  the  tame,  oon:iiUnned  tor  the  goml  behhviour  of  tuoh  alien  during  bin. 
letidence  in  the  United  Statet,  and  not  violatuiK  hit  Uaoniei  whieh  lleente  thsiwati* 
dent  may  revdra,  whenever  he  thatt  thhik  proper.** 

The  eif^t  per  cei^t.  loan  remains.  It  was  united  with* 
and  increased  the  clamour  against,  the  alien  and  sedition 
laws ;  and  these  obnoxious  measures,  as  I  have  already  ob- 
served, precipitated  the  federalists  fttmi  power.  Yet  we 
have  since  found  that  their  successors,  the  democrats,  have 
themselves  given  about  eight  per  cent,  on  their  loans.  This 
would  afford  a  j^orious  triumph  to  federalism  over  tier  invet- 
crate  rival,  democracy,  were  it  not  that  the  annals  of  the 
former  can  fiirnish  many  instances  of  similar  frailty,  and  in- 
consistency, and  departure  fW)m  professions.  And  it  is  a 
molanchcdv  truth,  that  the  histories  of  all  the  parties  and  fac- 
tions that  have,  since  government  was  first  instituted,  cursed 
and  scourged  mankind  by  their  senseless,  envenomed,  and 
implacable  hostilities,  are  replete  with  instances  of  errora 
equally  'disgraceful  and  dinlionourable.  A  history  of  the 
madness,  the  folly,  and  the  depravity  of  party  and  fiiction»  ia 
a  grand  desideratum. 

0  * 


4».  THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 

Jaf*i  Titaiif. 

The  Tiolent  oppositiQii  to  this  instniiBenty  which  pervaded 
fhe  iiiiion»  and  greatly  disturhed  the  admiBistratioii  of  Gen- 
eral Waiihuigtonji  was  a  highly  factioua  pmcednre  on  the 
part  of  the  democratty  who  were  led  away  by  objeetioas* 
idauaiUet  but  nol  aabatantii^UJiardly  aay  (^  which  hav« 
been  realiaed.  Thia  aflkir  evinces  the  danger  of  yielding  to 
the  sudden  impulses  of  national  feeling»  which  bear  down 
every  thing  before  then«  mid  which  whoUy  overpower  the 
reason  aiod  understanding  of  even  the  wise  and  the  good»  who 
on  such  occasionsy  are  onfy  on  a  level  with  the  most  uninform- 
ed and  uncultivated  part.i^.  the  community.  Keaily  all  the 
predictkms  respecting  this  t^aty  have  been  the  Sooth-Miyings 
of  false  prophets  $  (rf  men*  some  led  astray  by  their  pr^udL 
ces-h-others  by  perturbed  imaginations.  Such  of  them  as  have 
been  realised*  have  been  more  than  counterbalanced  by  the 
acdid  advantages  resulting  firom  the  adjustment  of  the  diifcr- 
ences  between  the  two  nations/ 


Gl^APTERin. 

Mmroc^nd  Pinkru^s  Treaty  with  England,  Separation^ 
the  Sttates.  Treatonaitle  PitMicaHoiu.  Embargo,  Mnt' 
iiUereourui 

Or  the  errors  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  administration^  it  is  un-- 
necessary  to  mention  more  than  three,  denoting  two  very  op- 
posite extremes  of  character— the  one  highly  bold  and  da- 
rimg^— the  other  displaying  an  equal  degree  of  feebleness. 

Mmroe  and  Pittkr,ey*8  Treaty  with  Snf^nd, 
Two  ministers  appointed  by  Mr.  JeffenKm,  had  negociated 
^a  treaty  with  England,  the  best  they  could  procure.  It  had 
been  transmitted  to  him  in  due  form*  Without  consulting 
the  coMirdittate  branch  of  the  treaty-making  power,  he,  on 
his  own  responsibility,  rejected  it,  and  transmitted  to  these 
ministers  instructions  to  begin  the  negociation  anew.  This 
was  a  mighty  and  a  fatal  error.*  It  may  be  doubted  whe- 
ther it  were  not  a  vi<dation,  at  least  of  the  i^irit  of  the  con- 
stitution. If  was  at  all  events  a  case  that  probably  did  not 
enter  into  the  conception^  of  the  framers  of  that  instrument. 
If  it  had,  it  is  lilealy  thsy  would  have  provided  against  itft 

occurrence. 

'     ^ .  ''  ■  /     ■ 

*  It  hu  lieen  attemnted  to  jiutify  thii  proe«dai«,  br  the  eiroamiUnee,  that  ti)» 
nefneteton  bid  vidatea  one  explieit  item  of  Mr.  Jemraon'a  bitruetiaiM>rte  eon- 


ehide  no  treaty  whhout  a  ipeeifio  artiele  goacding  agidnit  imprenoie&tf. 
jiutificatkn.   It  b  barely  a  palUatioo. 


lliiibi 


TRB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


At. 


A  calm  Inflection  cm  this  subject  csn  lisrdly  fail  to  conTince 
tl^e  reader  tliat  probM^  to  tliui  souree  nuay  be  fUrly  traced 
nearly  «H  our  praseat  difficulties,  fiad  this  treaty  been*  as 
it  ought*  Itid  before  the  senatCy  they  in^uld  in  aU  likelihood 
have  TatifieiU  the  chief  parts  of  it,  and>  as  had  beeii  the  cafio 
vith  Jay*»  tnsAy,  have  referred  the  db|MKions  eianses  to  a 
new  discus&ion.  Our  disputes  with  England  woidd^  haire 
been  thus  cuiiiprpnilfled— and  our  party  di«'is$oii84!6aM  nCvor 
havobeenexeiM  tosiidi  a  height  as  to  endanger  iHiepeaice 
and  security  of  the.  country. 

It  has  been  inferred  ftoin  the  rejection  of  this  tn^^;  tl^at 
it  arose  from  Mr,  Jeflierson's  desire  of  a  cause  oi  War  with 
EngUpid.  This  is  radically  wrong.  At  Ho  period  Aiii&e  the 
comtneWoemeni  of  the  French  revolution  has  thcrej^en  a 
detciency  of  a  real  cause  oC  war  with  England^  in  0ie  imr 
pressment  of  our  seamen,  and  the  vident  Droceedings  i^nst 
our  )Wmiiievee.  But  a  pt^gnant  proof  of  the  lUlacy  of  ibis 
charge  arises  out  of  the  attii^li  of  we  L(Mi|iard  <iin  the  Cbesi^ 
peakf'.  Ms  circumstance  settles  the  question  forever. 
Had  fir.  STerson  been  desirous  of  war  with  England,  noth- 
ing m^.^^  ^as  neeessary  tkian  te  have  cQuvened  congress  im- 
mediately after  that  eveiit,  during  the  extraordhiary  ebulli- 
tion of  the  pubUc  mind,  which  it  created.  AH^partieit  were 
then  damorous  Ibr,  and  wciuMlMvc  heartily  united  in  a  war. 
And  war  would  certainly  hare  been  declared  by  congress 
almost  unaiumously.  JBut  with  a  desire  of  peace,  deserving 
of  the  highest  praue  and  gratitude  of  his  countiy,  which  he 
has  neter  received,  he  deferred  the  iconveaing  of  congress 
about  four  months,  within  which  peHod  tiie  publie  ferment 
had  subsidi^d.  This  important  fiict  has  been  wbbOy  overlook- 
ed in  the  Ihetious  discussions  that  have  tidien  place  respect- 
ing his  administration  $  so  teiie  itis,  that  in  times  <^  imjfbn- 
lence,  reason  raises  her  v<rfce  in  vain.  It  is  drowned  in  the 
obstreperous  bracings  of  noby  Cactionists. 

The  justice  which  leads  to  this  vindication,  eoinpels  me 
iin<iualiilediy  to  censure  the  very  extramrdinary  «ad  un- 
precedented measure  of  rejecting  the  treaty  on  his  own  res- 
ponsibility. . 

Besides  ihe  waift  of  an  explicit  clause  on  the  sulyect  of 
im]>ressment,  the  friends  of  Mr.  Jeflbrson  assign  anoUier  ]dea 
to  justify  him  for  the  rejection  of  this  treaty.  After  it  was 
agreed  to^by  both  parties,  there  was  a  r|#er  annexed  to  it'by 
the  British  eommissioners,  which  was  calculated  to  give  the 
treaty-sanction  to  the  celebrated  orders  in  council,  which, 
even  then,  it  would  appear,  were  in  contemplation. 

To  enable  tiie  render  to  decide  correctly,  I  annex  the  rider. 


jm,  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


NOTE 

JHnknei/*»  Treaiy, 


■.■*-■ 
and 


_  LesDoVf  Dsc.  M»  ISM. 

**Tfw  Of  <^t^iglllti,  fUiaj  ttiehtNT  VtatA,  lord  HoiUml,  aid  Wlffiam  lord  Aaek- 
IkA  ptabiMtaASttiM  of  lib  Britaonle  nuijntx,  hkrt  (be  hatetttti  hifytm  JuoM 
IfomM  MO  militni  PlnkMy.  wmwiMiaaert  mtrtpriAouy  and  |ii«niimtei»tiui«M  of 
the.  Uoited^  States  of  Aiberiea,  that  i'hey  are  qo«  ready  to  ^meeed  to  the  tii^furB  of 
thetran^MPamHjr,  aoaimeree,  aid  L<i«igBtioa,  oo  the  ardelfea  of  whieh  tliey  Mn* 
mutaalljr  agreed. 

'<  Bat  at  the  nine  time  they  hare  it  in  eommud  from  hia  nuOeaiy,  to  eall  the  aC 
taittiM  oftid^  M>ainilni«mera  orthe  Untied  Sutei.  tOHme  extrabrdtnaty  praeeetlliiia 
trldah  l»v*  lataly  takm  piao*  on  the  eonthient  of  ttnrape,  aind  Vt  aeaamuniatto  to 
than  ol||a|aily  the  aentiments  of  hia  >.  •jcMtjr'a  goTemmflnt  ther^mn. 

"'The  prowedinga  alUlded  to  are  e«rtun  deciaratioitt  and  ordera  of  the  fV«idl 
to<MiihibntiMMwd  at  Derllh,  oki  the  Cliit  orNoveoiher  hat 

*^  In  tM«e  erilR%  tho  Frtjodl  goternment  aieelu  to 

itensiMiff  by  mpntiiig  to  Great  Britain  pmeipiea,  whieh  die  never  pranaaM,  and 
'  #hiA nefel»  emitted.  Hiami^yh  aeauaed of  n qritemati* awl  fenerat 
^,  of  ihelaw  of  nathma,  weagiltBd  y  etvaiaed  atNtlB%  and  nore  poitioalariv 
.ttavarinataUe  extemion  of  the  fij^ofblbekate.  'i^'hereu  hbmafmlji  my  caiifP 
Mio  the  -worti  on  Am  uittftrm  retpect  u  neutral  rtyhtt,  and  hkgenma 
!mit  adherenee  tv  tkelawtf  natm»t  whhoat  eonoeaaendhii;  to  oonttut 
hia  nnddat  in  iheae  partiealaia  with  that^hb  e^emr:  and  with  regard  to  tlw  onhr 
apeoified  ^ai^,  Uitnotorimu  that  he  hat  never  declared  anypvtU  t»  heina  ttaSt 
wbtedfitS,  wttheiU  oBittMg  to  Hkat  tlffett  afitce  miJiMeia  h  make  th*etUrait» 
Mi^  tUtm'maiiMMf  dangermm, 

**By  andi  altegatiotta,  nnfooodad  at  they  are,  the  enemy  attempta  (0  jnatifv  hit 
Mslefiiiana  of  eonSateting  aa  lawfol  prin^  all  pradoee  of  EngUih  indottry  or  inlba* 
hMMfi,  tfebiigh  it  be  thciprnpoty  of  ncntmh;  of  ftntartiagfroni  hia  harboora  ovoiy 
aeutraJ  feaacli  whWi  baa  toiiehw  at  any  port  of  hh  majiBa^a  dominioui,  though  en>- 
pl^ed°:in  aninnoecnt  eommereei  ai^d  of  declaring  Great  Britain  to  be  ih  a  state  of 
MMnd^  dxHirii  H»  own  naval  porta  and  arabinfei  are  aetoaHy  biotkadfed!  and  b« 
ia  hniiWB  to  statton  fmy  naval  Cnree  whatever,  before  any  port  of  tbe  luHod  Uagdoita* 

**8wib  prineiplet  are  in  themaelves  extravai^ant  and  repnunaqt  to  Mw  la^  of  na- 
tionai  Mid  tite  preteniiona  fimnded  en  them,  thwgh  profeaiedly  dh«a(«d  adMy  agafaiat 
CB(Wt  Btkaln,  tend  to  alter  the  p> .  etice  m  titer  amolig  ei^iHsed  nation^  and  tMm% 
it  uOwTt  the  r^lHt  and  indr*iendimee  ^nst^hil  pniert.  The  undera^Md  eannol^ 
theivfore,  believe  th;:t  'He  ..nemt  will  ever  aeripudy  attempt  to  enfijree'aneh  a  tya^ 
tem.  If  he  khoUltl,  Hieif  ar*  etefttfeut  that  the  Mod  aeoaO  of  ihe  Aadnriean  gtvem* 
raeOt  win  pfvacive  ^e  fiital  eonieqaeneeaof  aaeh  pretenaiona  tpneatnd  eommaee; 
and  that  ita'apirit  atKl  regard  to  national  honoor  will  nrevent  its  ae^lekeenee  in  sueh 
JpalpaMe  violationa  of  iti  riHJhta,  and  injuriona  enevoaehmettts  on  ita  tnteraMa. 

"If,  however,  the  enemy  ahonld  ean*y  theae  threat*  into«Keeation^M|i  if  nea> 
ml  nations  contrary  to  aO  axpcetatioiWt  ahoold  aoquiesee  IninohnMirpntionai  hb 
Ha^ssiytaXffA  probably  be  compelled,  however  reluctantly,  torctaliiite  in  fait  Jort  de- 
Ifeoae,  and  to  adapt.  In  regard  to  the  eommeree  of  nentrni  natioas  with  hi*  enenmw 
tbe  *amo  meanres  whioli  those  notiooa  aball  have  permitted  to  he  enfereed  against 
thriP  edittiiicree  with  hissabjecti.  The  eommtssionert  of  the  Unit«l  States  wiB 
therefore  feel,  that  at  a  moment  when  Mt  nudity  and  all  neutral  natknttrttkiMat^ 
euedwUk  euch  on  extendm  ^f  the  heUljferent  ppetenmiu  of  hit  enetniet,im  oannot 
enter  nttothe  stipuhtions  of  tbe  present  ti-oaty,  without  explanation  from  t^  United 
States  nf  tMJr  htkntionit,  or  a  res«rvatkm  OH  the  part  of  his  majelty  ihtha  eaaeaboter 
ncntionei^  if  i|  liiould  ftver  ODcor. 

*<The  nnderaigned,  eonsidering  that  tie  distance  of  the  American  gDvarnmenl^ 
Irehd^  iki^y  itakipedhite  etpthnation  on  tlits'  suljeet  ImpostiMe,  Attd  ohinkaUid  by  a  do* 
•M  of  flaHrtfding  the  baflelphil  woric  In  which  they  are  engaged,  are  anthbriied  bgr 
hia  miuasiy  to  eqnclude  the  treaty  withont  detay.  They  proeei^,  to  the  sigaatiiM 
Uhd^f  the  fon  p«rstt«>si6n  that  befot-e  the  treaty  shall  be  tieUimed  fisdm  America  witb 
theratificatiofiofUM  United  States,  the  ei.Amy  will  dther  iiatre  foMnallr  Bhand«c# 

Sr  tkcitly  relimpiiAedttis  utjttst  psetenaionst  or  that  the  Kovemment  or  the  Ulrited 
ilat«s^  hj  its  eoaduot  or  asMfnmw*,  will  pxre  given  security  tobta  nuges^  thai  ft  Will 


THKOLIYB  BRANCH. 


« 


iUAKiMlk  tonwh Imanlkm  in  the  vMaUUied  i^atem of  omuWim  Iftwt  Mid  ^ «»> 
denigrted  ImV«  prewnted  thii  ndte  from  «q  ■axioot  wiih  tlwt  it  dMuld  be  ebMtjr  iin< 
ilenlaod  «•  both  Mn,  thtt  whhMt  widk  liik  nhmimuptaAm  tfM 

*  *■*  SSi'^fc'Si  *'  'B*'  '"^  ^*^'*'**  S^S^ '" " 

HIS  COMMnsl^ERfl.  TO  AVtiin  irSi  THBAI^  ofiTiitiBcunifb 
num  AO0rnNO_SOCHJIBA8UBBB  AS  MAY  SttUt  KEGBSVABV 
FUK  GOUNTBIIAC'ITOG  TOfi  DimaiB  Of  HIS  ENBICT. 

«'Th«  iuittilifteiii  eaiinat  ei»6titil&  ii:ithout  actiMabi  iMr  mMaMm  m  the 
■wnpeettf  Mcoui|JiMeghi  »l;i*»t  w>  faniyJilMit  t»ill*  int«w<fa  iarfiHewffr  c<— Hje. 
tiottflf  b^  Mtt<iM^i^U>^jii*MBM<f  t»e«mciB>ti«7  iHwifildM|^ipyJhi»>A>y 
&e  cwnroitrionew  tf  the  VMted  StMe%  doHqg  th#  whole  eoarw  or  t|M  ■efwitiou. 

C^gnta»J  TAS8Al*H0UUAllllL 

AUBXiANI)^ 
T6  JAiikt  )iovft»s»ii«.  fce.  Ite. 

.  Vamwve  ei^c^rtioiisble  tiie  tennsof  tSds  note  majr  be»  <| 
esnnpt  persHftde  myself  l^haiit  justiftes  the  v^eetion  of  ik» 
trea^  without  consulting  the  senate.  Men  .(^  powerfid 
mfaids  defiend  the  proeednre.  Their  avguBMnts  have  never 
eonvinced  me.  To  the  reader's  judgment  I  suhinit  the  8ttb»> 
jeet. 

BeparaHm  of  the  States, 

The  next  en«r  of  Mr^  J«lfttrson^s  admfafistration,  involves 
a  verj-  grlMit  negleet  of  duty.  During  nearly  the  whole  «f 
that  peiiM^  the  insurreetlenal  «i|d  treasonable  doetrine  of  a 
sepantion'  of  the  states^  was  pubKely  advoettted  in  some  of 
tbeganetlsstAthe  eastwnrd,  and,  wonderAd  and  sh»neAd  tn 
tell,  ^preacihed  fran  the  pulpit.  These  publientlons  and  ser- 
ttotts^  liftfl^g  a  dtreet  tendisney  to  the  desthietidn  of  soeial 
oiiteri  and  IIm  lntroduetfon<^«lvll  war,  demanded  the  sevei% 
nnimsdvenicm  of  the  l*w  oflleers  of  the  government.  It  was 
theincumbentdtityof  the  President  to  have  h^the  laws  p«t 
In  f^e,  to  repi^SB  the  olTenees,  and  to  punish  tke^ftnders. 
And  if  there  word  no  law  to  reach  the  off  *^e,  he  ought  to 
have  submitted  the  ease  to  congress,  for  the  purpose  m  Mvip» 
plying  the  d'ieet.  A  te-^enactment  and  enfiureement  <tf  the 
sedition  law  were  imperionsly  required.  And  tte  go^d 
sense  of  the  natioii  would  have  supported  a  measure  whieh 
ihe  pttMte  welfore  rendered  so  neeessary.  It  mav  be  faif^ 
ttterred  that  there  Is  no  oouhtry  in  the  world  but  the  UnitMl 
States,  in  which  An  opeii  attempt  to  subvert  the  government 
and  tear  down  the  pillara  of  society,  Woidd  have  eseapsa 
condign  pnnishmei^  Every  society  on|^t  to  possess  wtthin 
itself,  and  to  exercise  whenever  oecasioii  calls  for  it,  the  f^n* 
dameatal  principle  of  seltprepervatton. 

It  is  immssible  to  censure  too  highly  the  tnror  here  ad* 
i«Sftedto»  The  jeopiurdy  In  whieh  the  nation  was  Intely  plncedf 


90 


TBR  OhVft  BRANCH. 


when  mir  ii«aret|  and  deirest  interetts  were  in  thenqiiinnii- 
nept:  danger*  m»s  be  fairlir  aserlbed  to  thia  moat.  £aal  and 
|ifRi$^ou#  iniaeondueti  In  every  acienee  there  are  MHne 
nreaC*  leading  ^tha  wideli  citfuiot  iHb  eontrotertei.  And 
Si  pdiltital  eeonMny  there  ia  no  maxim  more  induMtable  than 
this,  tha^  ?y^  ina$in  never  ivo*,  and  fuver  %oiU  MH-^mi  in 
tmth  iM*       c/m  be  ffhfUittttd  h§  fifkea^  Sinee  the 

ynnid  Wi.  arjivi  never  did  a  e^napiraey  nteet  iHth  the  aame 
degree  vif  /tin^ttnitv^  <^dur  !l?alinuras  alept  at  the  Min.^ 
The  mutlMMjl  had  fAU  scope  fbr  their  activity.  Th^y  middb 
tiieir  arrangements  at  leisure,  as  undiatarbedly  aa  ff  ^ci^ 
-were  engaged  in  promoting  the  aalfmtion  of  tlie  atatil.  fTo 
whatever  eauae  tlUa  negleet  may  be  aacribed,  whether  to  tor- 
por, inaetivi^,  or  reliance  on  the  gbodaeiiae  of  the  nation,  it 
eaista  an  ittdeUble  atiUn  on  the  Mlmiaiatmtion^  Mk  lefto- 

•  Tlw  last  of  .he  errors  of  that  administration  vhleh  I  thall 
nottccyjuiaea  fhnn  ito  negleet  iif ^enforcing  .   '>>}» 

Which  was  a  moft  eflloient  wtiqiwn  for  pncnring  redress 
from  England.  Its  effects  apcm  her  eokoiea  by  prbationaof 
the  nectj^ssarles  of  Ufe--^nd  npon  hibr  trade  and  naval  powers 
by  withholdiiig  supplies «!  raw  matMiala  and  navcal  aiorea» 
fiere,  Very  eonaiderable.  And  hadi  it  been  duly  enfioffee^  i^ 
the .  diity  of  |be  chief  ma^trate  required*  it  etndd  jhardljf 
have  failed  to  impel  the  ^British  to  relinnniah  tiioae  preten^ 
ai«na,  iirhich  ao  higUy  and  pemifiienaly  inlringed  our  righta* 
But  it  waa  openly  and  flagitionsJly  violated :  and  of  eonrae  Ita 
Intended  opemtlDtn  on  England  at^ily  conntoraeted.  It  be- 
came a  mere  ftriiAifn/tifoien.  Ito  effeeta  on  thia  eountify 
weire  highly  pemieiotts.  Wiiile  It  cuitaUed  the  trade  and 
profttoofthe  fairtrader,  it  enaiUed  amugglers,  and  those 
who  aet  the  laws  f^  their  cpuntryaide6iupce— >who8egod  was 
gaan»  tp  mi^e  rapid  nnd  unhaUowed  fortunes.  In  a  word,  it 
sacnUeed  the  intorestft  of  some  of  the  best,,  to  tiiqse  of  the 
very  worst  member^  oi  the  community.  In  proportion  as  a 
eitisen  held  the  law9  sapred— in  proportion  as  he  hanestfy 
yielded  them  obedience->4n  the  same  proportion  did  hesacri- 
ftce  hia  inlcfests.  And  by  this  p(ditical  arithmetic,  in  pror 
Iprtion  as  fie  disregarded  tlie  law— 4n  prppjurtion  as  he  sacri- 
ioed  the  public  interest  to  his  thirst  of  gain-— in  the  same 
proportion  did  he  aggrandiae  Mmsejtf.  Th(}  exppjrt  trade* 
which  was  fraudujfentty  carried  on  to  a  oonsidiBrable  ezten<« 
wa?  wh(^  in  the  hands  of  penjons^  the  latter  4e9cripHon. 
irheir  vessels^  laden  with  abundant  supplies  for  the  BrltiBh 


THB  OUVE  BRANGB; 


HI 


eakmifliy  were  ym  oonyenientty  driven  to  sea  by  weefer^ 
windfft  end  foreed  into  tbeWeet  iBdiee. 
'  Ithaibeeneeidi  in  vinAcatira  ef  Mr.  Je0^reoa»:tkat  he 
had  not  eofieienl  pow^  to  eaftireallie  execution  .of  the  law. 
Thiais  ni^rly  inoorreet.  Hie  powam  were  amply  adequate 
for  thia  pvifOBe.  But  even  i^  this  defeuee  weae  valid*  il 
esonaratoa  him  not  fipom  the  Ugh  degi«e  of  eeniiarea|t«ehje)d 
to  thia  dereUetion  of  duty.  He  ouglitt  In  that  ease,  tn  hav<B 
atatedtiie  delbet  toeongreaa*  whohad  the  power  otimpl^Mg, 
and  undotthted^  at  hia  requisitiiMi  would  have  i^^plied  a  rem- 
edy.   M  : -f  (j^'^^i'-  '  ..^i>iii^y-'--  .".,■■■■ 

.  Beaidea  the  iMm-enforeement  of  the  emhargo  aotr  there 
was  a  radical  error  committed  by  Uie  government  in  con-^ 
tinuteg^  it~so  long.  Ite  inadequaoy.to  effiict  the  purpose  ite"^ 
tHendahad  eontemplatad»  was  fully  established.  And*  teil* 
ing  tliat,  ite  effect  was  to  punish  ourselves  for  the  lawless 
proceedings  of  others.  It  ought  to-  have  been  c<uisider<4 
prineipidly  as  a  preparatnm  for  war.  ■.■■\'^skp'- 

'The  measure  substituted  for  the  emi  p,  that  isn  the  noa* 
intercourse  with  both  belligerents*  has  been  generally  re- 
garded by  the  democrate  as  a  feeble  one :  and  the  tonthcon- 
gressy  which  made  the  change,  has  been  on  that  grpund 
Stigmatized  by  them  almost  universally^  as  imbecM  and 
cimtemptiUe.  This  is  a  most  egregious  error.  It  is  incon- 
ceividiM  how  it  could  have  found  such  general  oradencc* 
The  non^intereourse  law  was  as  bcld»  as  msnly,  and  aa 
energetic  a  measure  as  the  annals  of  Christea^m,  can  pro- 
duce for  a  century.  An  infant  nation,  with  five  or  six  firt- 
gatesy  and  a  number,  of  gun-boato,  forbids  the  enteanc )  into 
her  ports,  under  penalty  of  confiacatioa,  to  the  vessels  of  the 
two  most  powerfu  nations  in  the  worlds  the  one  absolute  by 
landp*the  other  by  sea,  and  owning  a  thousand  vessels  of 
war !  and  this  is,  forsooth,  a  ineasiire  dicteted  by  imbecili^ ! 
The  hiuBian  mind  can  hardly  conceive  a  greater  instance  of 
foUy. 


sh 


GHAPTBR  IV. 

Bank  of  ihe  United'  States,    MeerdUe  poHcfg  not  to  renew  the 

Charter, 

Amoito  the  great  sins  of  the  democratic  party,  must  bo 
numbered  the  non-renewal  of  the  charter  of  the  Bank  of  the 
United  States.    This  circumstance  injuriously  affected  the 


H 


THB  OLIVE  BEAKC^ 


«re4li  and  oiitrMter  of  thi»  eovntrj  abiioad'->|iro4«iMd  * 
Ipreat  degree  of  stagnatioiifditlreait  tad  difteulty  »llMa»«- 
•ad  w^B  aiBQiiir,  the  cbusm  of  tli«  latt  embwriMnMito  And 
dWealtiM  of  m  peeiiifiary  eoucerna  of  tJM  oovatry.  Hti 
ai»>»Bk  beeti  M  eXisteiiee»  its  eapUal  ttiigbt  readMy  at  m^r 
ilne  IwTe  been  iacHtMod  by  eongressf  ten*  twv«^i  tkirty»  or 
IbHy  iiilUAiit.  ao  as  to  aid  ibe  govenunent  ommI  effBctaally^ 
indattpporttlie  mtibBal  credit* 

t^o  tM  i«newa|bf  tbe  etiartar  there  were  Tarftooaabjeetioas 
ofipred*  OR  the  graand  «if  taeKpedfteaey :  bat  thaaa  had  aat 
much  lafliienee— nor  were  they  entertained  by  many  of  tba 
ttenbera.  Tba  grand  diAoaltyareeefron  the  idea  eaatead- 
iiy  matntaiBad  by  moat  of  the  <!onioeratia  party*  thpt  the 
eonstitatfon  imparted  no  power  to  graiit  ebaHers  of  inooTpe- 
r^tJon.  Many  of  themc^en  who  oii  this  croand  voted  ia 
tlie  negative,  most  nneqaiviieally  admitted  the  ia^jMditiicy.er 
tbe''ranewal'Of  the  ohaiter.     /    ■^'■/■^  ~,t■~■n■\^'■^f  r^t^  .ti^r^ik^'.fM*/'^^ 

This.  Gonstitutional  objeetioa  waa«bvi«ted»  itwmJA  appeaiv 
ntianiweriAly.  AH  the  departmenta  of  the  government*  le- 
gitdattve*  exectttive,  and  judlci«ry>  had  recognised  the  inati* 
tn^n*  at  various  timdb  during  the  twenty  years  of  its  exist- 
|nee. 

■"■^IJ^  Iheeovrts  €f4iffbre«i  sUkUb,  and  of  the  UniUd  BtaUt, 
httamilUdiitd  vaHotu  ntUt  hnmght  bf  the  bank  in  U$  ttorporatt 
eajiadt«H-by  which,  sofar  as  depended  upon  tbe  judimary, 
it  had  had  uie  seal  of  ccmstitutionality  stampsd  on  It.  TMs 
was  a  vary  serioosr  important,  and  decisive  ciroumstance^f^ 

In  addition  to  this,  ^  democratic  legislature^  the  Unitdl 
Stateahi^  g^enit  a  most  solemn  aanetion.  In  March,  1804, 
an  act  had  passed  to  authorize  the  institution  to  eatablish 
braadhes  in  the  territories  of  the  United  States,  wlneh  pow- 
er was  not  embraced  by  the  original  charter.  QJ*  JUs  ad 
was  patud  tbiihoui  a  dixigkini  whmneariif  att  themtmben 
weft  preient.  No  constitutional  objectton  could  have  been 
then  suggested ;  for  such  members  as  believed  the  measure 
iinconstituticna],  would  indubitably  have  called  fiur  the  yeas 
and  nays,  in  order  to  record  their  dissent  ^  ' 

The  act  was  signed  by  Nathaniel  Maeon,  speaker  of  the 
house  of  representatives ;  Jesse  FmuikUn,  president  of  the 
senate;   and  Thomas  Jefferson,  presideint  of  the  United 

States,    'i^iv^^v^';  c.M-^M'kr       '  .    "  ,''-;'^>''' '• ' 

These  6aiie8,i  with  otheirs  which  might  be  cited,  produced 
this  dilemma.  They  either,  as  I  have  stated,  afforded  a  com- 
plete recognition  of  the  constitutionality  of  the  charter,  or  a 
gross,  palpable  violation  of  the  constitution,  by  the  three  se- 
veral grand  departments  of  the  government.  ^^^ 


1 1 


T9B  OUVE  MLANCH. 


ss 


I  pnavme  it  eumot  b^  doobted»  that  if  ft  charter  of  iMor- 
IMutfttioii  be  aiieoMtitttticfiftly  eveix  eiteaaioB  of  the  powere 
of  theteorponite  body  Huat  be  eqiift|l]r'uiiooait|tiiti0iiM— |>c 
baps  I  might  go  mtv  ae  to  aiiert  thiil  every  aet  jreoogniaiiig 
the  oharter  isln  the  aame  predloaa^t  But  it  ii;  not  neeeaf  \ 
lary  ftroy  purpoae  to  proeee4  thp  fiir* 

It  therefof«  iireaiftibly  fhUows  that  every  member  of  oim- 
greet  who  voted  for  the  aet  of  Mareh  i804r  mi4  afterwavda 
voted  ageineiftreaewftl  ef  the  eharter»  merely  on  thegronnda 
of  uneonatitatioDalifyf  waa  goilty  oCa  mftnifeat»  if  not  a  ovim- 
inal  jineonsietency.* 

A  eirenmstanee  connected  with  thlia  .tranaaction»  rendered 
the  impropriety  of  the  rejection  of  the  application  of  the  bank 
forft  renewal  <^  its  charter*  still  raorcftriklng^  and  palpable* 
rthe  government  till  the  year  18Q2  held  tSOO  eharei  of  the 
atocky  which  they  sold  to  Sir  Francis  Baring  at  45  per  c^nt. 
advance,  wherel^  they  made  a  clear  proAt  of  8$M»600  be- 
yond the  par  value*  Those  whis  purchased  <^  Mr.  Baring» 
and  held  the  stock  tiH  the  dissolution  of  the  hank,  lost  all  tins 
somy  excluBivCiof  a  CMisiderable  difference  between  the  div> 
idends  ani*  legal  interest  on  the  purchase  money.  They 
conld  never  have  entertained  any  doubt  of  the  continuance  of 
the  charter.  They  must  have  conceived  it  to  be  as  perma- 
nent as  that  of  the  bank  of  England.  Had^bey  supposed 
otherwiSCi  they  would  not  have  bought  at  so  gtttA  kn  ad- 
vance. And  it  would  toA  be  easy  to  satisfy  the  cari^d  and 
unpartialy  that  our  government  co^ld  with  propriety  or  jus- 
tioe>  make  such  profit  out  of  their  ignorance  and  thdr  confi- 
dence in  its  integrity  and  fairness. 


sed 
bm- 
jr  a 
Ise- 


-    CHAPtiwt'v;   ' 

Jirmi^iee  propoted  iy  Admiral  Warren, 

The  next  of  the  eir^n  of  Mr.  Madison's  administratiohy 
thokt  I  notice,  is  the  refusal  of  the  armistice  oJBRBred  by  admi- 
ral Warren,  ontliel2th  of  September,  1812,  nearly  three 
months  dter  the  dedmration  of  w«r. 

Never,  proliajbly,  was  war  mcHre  just.  Kever  h.  ^  a  coun- 
try, more  patiently  borne  the  nuMt  humiliating  accumulation 
of  outrage  and  iiunry  than  the  United  States  had  done.  Her 
character  had  in  consequence  fallen  in  the  estimation  ni 
mankind.  She  was  universdiy  presumed  to  be  so  lost  in  the 

*  For  fiirth^  detuls  on  thit  inlOect.  the  reader  U  referred  to  '•  Seven  let> 
ten  to  Dr.  Seybert  on  the  resewil  of  the  charter  of  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States."  B7M.  C. 


M 


TUB  OUVB  BEAKOIK' 


■ordM  puFMit  of  gttn,  m  to  Ite  eiillo«8  to  «iitr«|^,  to  ImvIU 
Mid  to  eontamely.  She  had  uMieared  to  Mwt  ferfiiitod  til  ire- 
g*rd  to  AMfcMiM  honiMir  and  mgiiity.  Her  Bwiidleftiit  ambw- 
Mdort  hftd  6«eii,  for  yean,  in  Tain  saing  Ibr  jastiee  and  flJMr- 
bearance  at  the  portaiB  of  8t.  lames's  pelaee.  Tlie  pusiUan- 
imity  of  the  aovemmeiit  had  b<MMHsne  a  sttbjeetcf  repriMcb  to 
the  federalliite— of  ihane  to  the  detaoerats.  And  it  was  a 
hye-word  ameiig  the  oppeaers  of  the  adininiBtralion»  that  it 
•«eo«idnot  beluelied  into  war*"  This  genteel  expression 
was  nsed  in  ooncresi  by  Mr.  Jeblah  Quitoeey,  and  Iras  quite 
(pommon  out  <rf  doors*— It  Is  impossible  to  HmettbetorrDnto 
ef  reproachesbeaped  upoit  tiie  eabinet  at  Washington,  on  tliis 
ground,  l^he  pusillatiimity  and  oowardiee  iat  tibe  federal 
administratien  Airnilitied  ati  inexhauBtiUe  fund  of  riietorieal 
enbellishmeats  to  flowery  ttpeeebes  fimulnerabie* 

Tht  declaration  of  war  was  tfaerelbre  really  as  just  as  any 
similar  doeument  from  the  days  of  Nimrod.  The  expedien- 
cy of  it  was,  howcTer,  not  eqaalW  clear.  The  risk  was  im- 
mense. It  was  piitHng  to  hazard  the  vital  interesto  of  eight 
millions  of  pco]He,  on,  the  very  uncertain  chances  of  war* 
Tei  I  do  wk  pretend  to  decide  the  question  of  expediency  in 
the  negative;  for  let  it  be  observed,  that  every  arg^ent 
against  this  war,  would  apply  wiA  nearty  eqiffci  force  af^nst 
resistance  to  any  degree  (^insult,  outrage,  and  iivjurr  llrom 
En^and;  as,  the  chief  arguments  against  its  expedient, 
are  pi^dieated  upon  the  immense  naval  force  of  that  natlcm, 
and  her  consequent  means  or  inflicting  inealedaUe  u^ury 
upon  the  United  States:  and  whatever  cogency  ^ere  may  be 
in  theflc  arguments,  would  equally  exist  let  the  ki\juries  sus- 
tained be  what  they  might. 

But  whatever  might  be  the  justice,  neeessity,  or  policy 
of  the  war,  it  was  a  great  error,  when  the  orders  in  council 
were  repealed,  and  an  armistice  ^tered  by  the  British  go- 
vernment, not  to  accept  it  Negociations  for  the  removal  of 
the  rest  of  our  grievances  might  have  talcen  place;  and 
Wo^d  updoubtedfy  have  been  conducted  under  more  fsvour- 
afale  auspices,  than  tb^ise  that  preceded  them ;  for  Euf^arid 
having  discovered  that  she  had  calculated  too  for  on  our 
passivenesSf  tifould  have  beeii  r^ur  more  disppsed  to  do  us 
justice. 

Unfortunately  the  propositidn  was  rejected—s^  rejection 
pregnant  with  most  iiy^riouis  consequences  to  us  and  oio* 
posterity.* 

«  Candour  and  justice  to  Mr.  Madison  requite  that  I  should  state  that  he 
offered  to  agree  to  vn  armistice  with  Sir  John  Borhise  Wnnen,  on  oondi- 
tiQn  that  the  practice  ef  impressmeiit  aheoiltf  he  suepcaded  diuiag^e  nego- 


THBOUVBBEAMCH. 


U 


as 


When  tiM  proeidiBgutide  WM  written,  I  ktd  no!  Mflki- 
•wAj  exuMteM  the  eelebnted  f«Mal»  m  it  i»tt]rled»  of  tiM 
Olden  in eMiMily  wliieliii  vel^  diibrent  Mtfedt  ikpai  wknti 

ciailon.    FiMiilMltMiMroftht8«tttiM]rff  f«»Mio  tkJolMi  Miiklf  Ml^ 
J(Mt(  I  MUMS  KB  ^atrict'  ' 

•f  TlM  ctaliB  of  4it  Brltlab  f  ovcramtat  ii  to  take  ft«m  Um  iMrcliMt  v«#* 
Ml4  of  «ili«r  eowitrfct,  Britl*  wbjteii.  In  ill*  prMtie*  tIM  comiMMlm  of 
British  shifM  oCww  offMa^MlM  ftoM  tlw  MMchnt  vMMh  of  tb*  VnlMi 


ibst  tb«  PnitMMit  ii  wUliig  b  MMMOMAto  tut  imDomnt  contttmnf 
with  th«  BritWi  g^wmND#itt  i  i«d  k  teMiot  b«  MeccHwdi  on  «hat  fround 
tti*  WTMgViMlit  can  b«  Mfntfd. 

•*  Atinptntionof  the  pnwtica^of  impMMi««nt|  pending  the  •rmiitwf* 
Mcmsto^»  neceMMjr  conaeqoenc^.  u  ennnot  Mprefamed,  wlUie  the 
ptrtiM  are  enciged  in  a  negoefation  to  adiwt  anlcaMy  this  iMpertant  itif • 
inence.  that  uie  United  States  woald  adaik  the  right,  or  acquiesce  in  th* 
pracdce.  of  the  opposite  partj^  t  or  that  Great  Britain  would  be  nnwilling  to 
restrain  her  craisers  from  a  practice  which  would  have  the  strongest  teoMif- 
cy  to  defeat  the  negoeiation.  It  is  prcsoniable,  that  both  paniee  would  en- 
ter into  tlie  negoclatlen  with  a  slneiie  desire  to  give  it  efect.  For  thla 
purpose  it  Is  necessary  that  a  dear  and  distinct  undorstaading  be  first  ob- 
taiAsd  between  then,  of  the  accommodation  which  each  is  prepared  to  make, 
flp"  ffti*  BrMik  gmuwmM  u  miUit^  <»  ,miif»md  i^  frmaiet  of  imfnttmamt 
fiamAmtriem  «raM/i,  ca  ctfHHdertOim  tiat  the  Vnittd  SttUn  %ua  emelwU  BH- 
tith  Hamtiijram  their  teniee,  the  ngulatiotu  hjf  which  fAe  cee^^roNUM  ehoiiU  be 
tmHed  laifr  eieet,  9eM  he  aolefy  tht  ohjea  ^  tugocimtim.  The  armistice 
would  be  of  nort  duratlem  If  the  parties  ag;*cA.  peace  would  be  the  rttulc. 
If  the  nq(odiaticn  failed^  each  would  be  restored  to  its  former  state,  and  to 
all  Its  pretensions  by  recurring  to  war. 

•*  The  Presideat  desires  that  the  war  wh!<h  ^y'lsu  between  the  two  coun- 
tries should  be  terminated  on  such  conditions  as  may  secure  a  solid  and 
durable  peace.  To  accomplish  this  great  obiect,  it  is  necessary  that  the 
peat  subject  of  impressment*  be  satisfactorily  arranged,  q^  ffe  m  vU' 
ting  that  Great  Britain  dttmld  be  Mtmred  agamt  the  evUe  ^vthicb  the  eoiHflaine, 
He  secKS,  on  the  other  hand,  thfttthe  Citiiens  of  the  United  States  should 
be  proiectsd  againsta  practice,  which,  Q^fBhile  Hdegradet  thewtioa,  deprime 
them  «f  their  rtghtt  atjrtemm,  tain  thernlfffutefrem  their familietmd  comtrf 
into  a/oreigH  eerviee,  to  fight  the  battlet  ^'ajiareignfaner,  perhaft  agaiiut  their 
own  iimfrea  and  eountry."*  These  propossls  ^ere  perfectly  fair  and  honour- 
able—and it  is  to  be  lamented  that  Sfr  J.  B.  Warren's  powers  were  not  ext 
tensive^nongh  to  allow  him  to  accept  them:  but  ajs  they  were  not  thus 
extensive^  it  k  equally  to  be  lamented  thM  the  suspension  of  impressment 
was  insisted  on. 

As  this  is  a  most  important  feature  in  our  public  proeeedmgs,  it  is  proper 
to  state  fiirther,  that  so  sincerely  desirous  was  Mr.  Madison  to  close  the 
breach,  that  oii  the  S6th  of  June  1813,  only  eight  days  after  the  dccla- 
ration<of  war,  he  anthorlsed  Mr.  Russel  to  make  the  same  prnposition  to 
the  government  of  Great  Britain.  The  communication  was  msde  to  lord 
Castlereagh  by  Mr.  Russel,  in  the  following  words : 

London,  AnguitiiihtlZli. 

•<As  an  inducement  to  Great  Britain,  to  discontinue  the  practice  of 
iil^preisinMnt  from  American  vessels,  I  am  authorised  to  give  assarance , 


*  Utmgt  of  the  Vmitait  ia  CoBpxm,  N«r.  4,  ilis. 


"V" 


« 


M 


THR  GUVE  BRANCH. 


iMd  eMie«iT«d  it.  It  is  liable  to  stioBgo^jeotioMy  wkieh  I 
bvUeve  hat*  neter  been  AiUy  atated^  aadaf  wkieh  the  pub- 
Ua  ar»  not  ppobaUj  aware*  To  anaMe  tbe  reader  to  ooai- 
lirehend  nqr  meanlngf  and  to  form  bia  own  opinion  correetly 
OB  a  point  of  aveir  great  magnitodef  independent  of  any  ia- 
preaaion  to  be  made  by  my  atatementi  I  annex  tbe  paragrapii 
of  tbe  inatrament  to  wbieh  I  allude*  and  wUeb  I  am  eo»- 
fldent  never  waa  generally  nnderatood  pr  attended  to. 

'•ttt»  rejrarklfliMN  Is  hiMakfptMiad  todtelut*  in  th«  bum  udM 
dM  bdMif  vf  Ml  oMJeiiy,  dMtMthln*  hi  tkU  pntnt  erdircMtaliisd  ihatt 
to  taa^mftMt  to  praelvd*  hU  royal  hMiMM  tht  prioeo  togoot,  IP  CI&- 
CUMSTANCBS  SHALL  8p  UqplRt."  [m»rk  tliOM  wofdt.  NAdor- 
••  j/*  cjrcMiMM^  «kitf  «e  nfuirt*'!  '*Jhm  rtttering,  «fi»  ncumabU  nctitt, 
tbtordir^tht  7lk^9timarj,  IW,  wnt  9MtfJfHi,  1809.  or  am  fan 
tbtm^t  to  ihHrfdl  ijfict  i  OR, .  from  uMm  tach  othtr  meMorts  of  rttol- 
latkm qyliut  tto  oaway*  m  any  appaar  to  alt  royal  IbigluMMa to  ba  jtut  and 
nacaMaty*" 

Tbia  is  ft  moat  extrawdinary  dau^.  Tbe  prinee  regent 
baa  received  an  autbentieatod  docament,  containing  tbe  re- 
peal of  tbe ,  Berlin  and  Milan  decreea,  on  wbicb  be  deems 
bimaelf  bound  to  repeal  the  ovdera  in  council.  But  in  the 
initrument  wbicb  be  iisoea  on  the  autyect,  be  expressly  re- 
aerrea  tbe  right  of  restoring  tboae  orders,  •*  (f  ciream^toneec 
tAotf  «o  regalret"  On  these  «effcum«tefice«"  be>  of  course, 
is  to  decide.  These  **  etrtt«MtoiieM"are  wholly  indfipendent 
of  **  retolto^MM^'— aa  provii^n  is  made  in  the  subsequent 
part  of  the  paragraph  expressly  for  **  ntoluiiiim**  in  a  dis- 
tinct clause.  It  therefore  appears  that  the  orders  in  council 
were,  in  strict  technical  language,  luntr  repealed.  They 
were  merely  tutpended  till  «  circumatancea  should  require'^ 
their  revivd. 

No  candid  reader  will  deny  that  the  above  is  fair  reason- 
ing. This,  therefore,  cannot  be  regarded  as  a  «  rq^,^*  in 
tiie  sense  in  which  this  nation  had  a  right  to  expect  the 
orders  in  council  to  be  «  repealed**  according  to  the  British 
pledge,  to  proceed  pari  passu  with  the  repeal  of  the  French 
decrees.  The  ordera  in  council  might  have  been  «  restored** 
in  one  month,  after  the  date  of  this  instrument,  according  to 
its  tenor,  **if  eireumstanus  shoiUd  have  so  required,**  without 
our  government  having  any  just  reason  to  complain  of  breach 
of  faith  on  the  part  of  that  of  Great  Britain.  There  never 
waa  a  public  document  more  cautbnsly  wtntied.    And  had  it 

that  a  law  than  be  paued  (to  be  reciprocal.)  to  prohibit  the  employment  of 
Brithh  seamen,  in  the  public  or  comme^ial  service  of  the  United  States. 

•'  It  is  sincerely  bie>Ueved,  that  such  an  arrangement  would  prove  more  effi- 
cadons  in  securing  to  Great  Britain  her  seamen,  than  the  practice  of  iht- 
pressment,  so  derogatory  to  the  sovereign  attributes  of  the  United  States* 
and  ab  incompatible  with  the  personal  rights  dF  her  eitizens." 

This  proposition  wm  rejected. 


THB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


$7 


%•* 


arrlTed  here  prevtone  to  the  dedarttion  of  war*  thto  eomitiy 
woald  have  been  perfectly  warranted  In  refkielac  to  regatd 
it  as  a  repeat  To  meet  and  to  ftiMI  the  idea  held  oiit  in  tht 
prevfcwa  pledges  of  the  British  go?emment>  the  npealongiit 
to  hare  heen  unconditional,  except  the  reaerration  of  a  rigM 
to  renew  the  orders  in  council  in  the  onis  spedfle  ease  of  the 
revival  of  the  French  decrees. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact  respecting  this  repeal*  that  In  the 
debates  upon  it  in  the  British  piirUament*  the  mighty  wrohga 
inflicted  by  the  orders  in  coundl  upon  tiiis  country  ihrmed 
hardly  any  pvt  of  the  reasons  whereon  the  adep'  ion  ef  the 
measure  was  urged.  Even  Mr.  Brougham,  the  powerfhl 
oppMcnt  of  the  orders,  and  the  mover  <^  the  address  fiir  their 
<<  reveal,"  liMinded  his  arguments,  in  his  published  sneech, 
wfaollv  on  the  iiyurious  efl^scts  experienced  in  £nglaiid  by  thi.^ 
loss  of  our  trade.  It  is  true,  he  once  glances  at  the  ii^ustiee 
of  the  orders,  but  it  is  very  slightly  and  merely  incidentally. 
He  does  not  boldly  and  magnanimouslv  expose  them  to  r  < 

Gobation  on  the  ground  of  the  violation  of  our  rights,  as 
r.  Baring  had  done  in  his  celebrated  pamphlet 
Bht  (p*  M  the  president  admitted  we  hutrument  io  he  a 
repeal,  tt  was,  I  repeat,  to  be  deeply  regretted,  that  he  did 
not  accept  the  armistice,  and  trust  to  subsequent  negoeiation 
for  redress  on  the  subject  of  impressment.  His  admission 
of  it  in  that  point  of  lilrht,  precluded  him  ftt>m  employitig 
the  solid  objection  to  which  it  was  liable. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

J^fpointment  ^ Mr,  OaUatin  as  Mni$ter4o  ttu.t  iVUh  Great 
Britain,  Mptddtion  at  Oottenburg,  Recent  negUet  of  due 
Freparations, 

The  appointment  of  Mr.  Gallatin  as  minister  to  treat  with 
the  court  of  St.  James,  was  a  very  considerable  error.  This 
gentloman  his  liad  the  reputation,  probably  with  Justice,  ^ 
being  one  of  the  ablest  financiers  in  this  country.  For  twelve 
ybars,  he  had  presided  over  the  financial  concerns  of  the  na- 
tion, during  Which  period,  moderate  talents  were  adequate 
to  the  duties  of  that  station.  But  a  crisis  had  arrived  when 
the  abilities  of  a  Colbert,  or  a  Sully,  or  a  Ximenes,  might  be 
necessary ;  and  most  iiyudiciously  and  indefensibly  he  was 
then  despatched  to  a  another  hemisphere  ;  and  the  duties  of 
his  deyolVed  ad  interim  on  another  officer,  whose  proper  ofll- 
cial  duties  require  all  his  time  and  all  his  taleuts. 


.» 


59 


THE  OUVfi  BRANCH. 


^Fhis  nMttHre  wm  hicUy  pMpoBteniM.  It  wm  iacurreet 
in  the  preptdent  to  comr,  it  wm  •qnally  ineorreet  in  the 
Kcretwy  to  reoeive»  tho  appoiiitneBt*  It  was  the  leae  de- 
l^ifaleii  tfon  the  icircmpistanoey  that  ne»riy  all  the  demo- 
•rata  in  the  ynited  States  |iad»  in  ±T9h,  utterly  disapproved 
oft  and  deelained  against,  the  appointnienty  vhj  General 
Washington,  of  Jpdge  Jay,  to  negoeiate  a  treaty  with  Great 
Britain,  pending  his  oontinuanee  as  a  judge.  It  is  moreover 
obvious,  that  the  ahsf  nee  of  one  judge  eannot  prpduee  any 
material  ineonvenienee  |  as  there  are  always  others  to  sup- 
ply his  ]riaoe.  But  there  are  high  and  responsible  duties 
attaehed  to  the  ottce  of  secretary  of  the  treasanr,  whieh  can 
never,  without  very  great  impropriety,  be  devolved  on  a  de- 
puty. I  pass  over  all  but  the  transcendent  one  of  remitting 
fines  and  forfeitures,  too  high  a  power  probably  to  be  trusted 
to  any  individual  whatever,  not  excepting  even  a  secretai^ 
bimselt* 

;  JiPBgodation  at  Oottenhurg,     . 

At  a  period  when  it  was  of  immense  importance  to  the 
United  States  to  close  the  war  as  speedily  as  possible,  the 
president  had  the  alternative  of  Lcmdon  or  Gottenburg  as 
the  scene  of  negociation*  We  had  been  unftnrtunato  by  land, 
through  treason,  incapacity,  or  some  other  cause.  It  was 
our  interest  to  accelerate — it  was  that  of  the  British  to  pro- 
crastinate the  negociations.  The.  chances  fTom  delay  were 
much  in  their  favour.  War  is,  morever,  a  component  part 
of  their  system.  Ours  is  calculated  Cor  peace.  These  ob- 
servations acquired  treble  force  from  a  reflection  on  the  dis- 
affection of  the  Eastern  portion  of  the  union,  and  ite  aver- 
sion to  the  war.  Of  course,  we  ought  to  have  shunned  every 
thing  that  m*ght  eause  delay.  It  was  therefore  most  extra- 
ordinary and  unaccountoble  that  the  president  should  have 
chosen  Gottenburg  in  preference  to  London,  under  all  the 
obvious  delays  resulting  from  the  necessity  that  would  pro* 
bably  arise,  or  be  pretended,  to  consult  the  court  of  St. 
Jau:3s'8,  by  the  ministers  of  that  court.  It  appears  almost 
as  absurd  as  it  would  be  to  choose  the  Havanna,  or  Port 
Royal,  w^re  the  negociations  to  be  conducted  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic.  This  was  the  more  erroneous,  from  the  con- 
sideration that  the  fate  of  large  portions  of  our  territory,  and 
the  lives  of  hundreds  of  valuable  citizens,  might  depend  upon 
the  delay  of  a  single  day. 

*  See  the  luminous  euays  en  this  subject  by  W.  B.  Giles,  esq.  which  are 
r«|4ete  wHh  the  most  convincing  and  unanswerable  argnmefits. 


m- 


THE  OLIVB  BKAlfCH. 


9^ 


gliortly  after  the  annunfliation  of  the  ehoiee  of  CtottenHni^y 
therewasatiaragraphimblifhed'  here,  extraetev  fW>|ii  ajLon- 
(lun  news'paper^  dtating  that  tweiity  maUs  were  titeii  iMstuaOjr 
due  fihom  that  jj^ace  at  Londoii»  owin|;  to  the  eontifraed  |ht- 
Videnoe  of  advene  winds.  This  was  an  nnanswerble  vroof*' 
if  any  were  neeessaryi  of  the  impropriety,  of  the  chbiee  td 
Ckittenburg^ 

Beeewt  mgkei  of  due  Preparations, 

Under  thii  head»  tlie  president  and  the  he^s  of  depart* 
ments  were  stUl  more  oidpaUe  than  under  uiy  of  the  former 
ones. 

From  the  period  of  the  downfidl  of  Bonaparte*  and  the 
eonq^te  triumph  of  Great  Britain  and  her  allies,  it  was 
obvious  to  the  meanest  capacity  that  her  powers  of  annoy- 
ance had  inci^ased  prodigiously.  The  immense  forces  raised 
to  aid  the  coalition  against  France  ware  liberated  from  aU 
employment  but  against  us.  And  of  the  disposltipn  of  £ng-» 
land  to  continue  the  war»  we  had  the  most  conTineins  indi- 
ci^ons.  The  British  newspapers  Were  rcj^ete  with  denun- 
ciations of  vengeance  against  ^B,  and  wilh  statements  of 
immense  preparations  for  our  chastisement.  And  to  crown 
tiie  whole— to  removie  all  possible  doubt  on  the  subject— to 
deprive  ns  and  our  rulers  iof  all  plea  in  justiltcatton  of  our 
torpwy  and  anathy»  and  neg^ectr  an  address  was  published 
firom  the  lords  of  the  admiralty  to  the  navy»  stating,  as  a 
reason  for  not  diicharging  sd  many  seaman  9^  the  return  of 
peace  in  Europe  might  have  warranted,  that  the  war  exist- 
ing with  this  country  for  the  maritime  rightp  of  the  British 
Empire^  rendered  such  a  measure  improper. 

*•  The  laidt  GonunittioiMn  «f  Ae  •dnrtnltjr  caimot  annoance  to  the  fleet 

the  teriDMwdoB  of  hoytUUiee  wlihfM  cspmsiag  to  the  ^tttj  effieen,  wuncn 

•fid  toiiX  nadnes  of  bis  mi^ty^  shipi,  the  higb  lenM  which  their  lenlshipi 

emcfttun  of  their  gyiant  and  i^oriout  aenrices  during  t)i^  l»te  w«r.  The  patience. 

peneveiance,  and  dieciplfaiet  the  sfciU,  courage,  aad  devofUm,  with  which  the 

aewiiea  w4  mwiaea  hiare  mJield  the  heet  imereat»,  aad  achieved  the  noMett  tri. 

iimpha  afoiircouiifrjr.  cailile  thcaitotte  gratittpde,  Mt  obIj  of  thdr  aative 

hura.  wh|ph  they  have  preierved  inviolate,  bat  of  the  cdier  naaoaa  of  EtMrope, 

of  whoae  vhhnate  deKvenoce  iiidr  sucecu  imUntained  the  liope  and  aocelera> 

ted  the  accoapUthiaaat.   Tbebr  lofdtbhM  regret  the  mriiut  and  w^nooM  at- 

tHtfim  ^  ttt  AMVRICAN  OOVKRNi&irr.  io  declaifog  war  tnea  tSi 

cpoB^,  afier  otf  fbt  t0mmjfit$  rngkud  ClawyiteiirftfrfMw  rtmmdi  oeea  not 

permit  them  to  redupe  the  fleet  at  once  to  a  peace  etublii^ment.    But  aa  the 

qoeetien  now  at  isnie  in  this  war,  tt,  tkt  maimnutnet  of  ttoit  maritifite  rigbu* 

vbidk  an  «bf  nnfatmdatimi  ^  mr  mnat glory,  their  lordthipt  loelc  with  confi. 

dence  to  that  part  of  the  fleet  which  it  may  be  still  necessary  to  keep  in  com* 

mission,  for  a  coiitiai«ttGC  of  dwt  spirit  of  discipline  and  gallaMry,  which  has 


■Ho  THE  OLIVE  ARANCH. 

V 

niMd  the  British  'iniT7  to  its  pieient  prb-cminenoe.  In  ffedodtiff  the  icet  to 
the  eateUiihmeiK  neoeturjr  for  the  American  naar,  die  leemen  aniTmerinee  will 
find  their  lordihipi  attentive  tp  the  claims  of  their  riespcctive  services.  The  re* 
dOfltioii  will  he  fust  inide  in  the  crews  of  those  ships  which  it  may  be  found 
expedient  wpkj  off;  and  frwn  them  the  petty  officers  and  seamen  will  hie  sac- 
ceuhrelf  diachsrged,  according  to  the  length  of  their  services  ( beginning  in  the 
ftst  instance  with  all  those  who  were  in  bis  fqajeaty's  service  previous  to  the 
7lh  of  Marchi  1803,  and  have  since  continued  in  it.  When  the  reduction  shall 
have  been  thus  made,  as  to  the  ships  paid  off,  their  lordships  will  direct  their 
attention  to  those  which  it  may  be  found  necessary  to  keep  in  commission ;  and 
as  soon  as  the  circHmstances  of  the  war  will  admit,  will  brhs|  home  and  die* 
charge  all  persons  having  the  same  standing  and  periods  of  service,  as  those  dis* 
charged  firant  the  ships  paid  off  {  so  that  in  a  few  months  the  utuation  of  Indi* 
videafo  will  be  equalised ;  all  men  of  a  certain  period  of  service  will  be  at  liber* 
ty  to  return  home  to  their  families ;  and  the  nuMiber  which  It  Aiay  be  still  neces* 
'aary  to  letiun,  will  be  composed  of  those  who  have  been  the  shortest  time  in 
the  service.  An  arrangement  in  itself  so  just,  cannot,  in  their  lordship^  opin- 
ion,  fail  to  give  universal  satis&C^ion ;  arid  they  are.indw^  to  make  this  com- 
aiunication  to  the  fleet,  becaase  they  think  that  the  exemplary  good  conduct  of 
ah  the  petty  officers,  seamen,  and  marines,  entitles  them  to  every  eonfidence^ 
and  to  this  full  and  candid  exfdliaation  of  their  lordsh^s'  intentions.  Their 
Icidahips  cannot  conclude  without  expressing  their  hope,,  thajt  the  valodr  of  his 
majesty's  fleeis  and  armies  will  speedily  bring  the  American  contest  to  a  con* 
clnsion,  honourable  to  the  British  name,  safe  for  British  interests,  and  conducive 
to  the  luting  repose  of  the  oiviiixed  world. 

*'By  command  of  their  lordships.  ^ 

"  J.  W.  CHOKER.'' 

Notwithstanding  these  symptoms  of  a  near  approaching 
hurricane^  a  delusion  almost  universally  prevailed  through 
the  nation*  of  which  it  is  hardly  possible  to  produce  a 
parallel.  Numbers  of  out*  most  enlightened  citizens,  know- 
ing that  the  restoration  of  peace  had  removed  all  the  osten- 
siUe  causes  of  war,  and  placing  full  reliance  upon  the  mag- 
nanimity of  Great  Britain^  predicated  all  their  arrangements 
on  a  speeidy  and  honourable  peace.  Purchases  and  sales  of 
property  to  an  incalculable  amount*  were  made  under  this 
soothing  expectation.  And  we  were  luUed  into  a  state  of  the 
most  perfect  security,  as  if  all  our  dangers  had  utterly  sub- 
Bided--the  temple  of  Janus  were  about  to  be  elosed-->and 
eirery  man  W(  re  to  convert  his  sword  into  a  plough-share^  : 

To  such  a  degree  was  this  infotuation  carried;  that  authen- 
tic information  of-  the  sailing  of  hostile  armaments  produced 
no  effiMst  to  diminish  it.  We  were  gravely  tdd^  that  it  was 
quite  in  character  fw  nations  to  assume  an  energetic  and 
foTAidable  attitude  when  they  were  negociating;  tliat  the 
expense  to  England  of  sending  these  armaments  was  incon- 
dderable ;  that  they  would  be  recalled  as  soon  as  a  treaty  was 
signed ;  and  in  fine  that  she  was  too  magnanimous  to  take 
advantage  of  the  existing  state  of  things — ^with  QJ^  an  end- 
leas  vOneiy  of  arguments  and  asuriunu,  equauy  prqfmnd, 
eonvindng,  and  cogent. 

There  were  infinite  pains  taken  by  the  fHends  of  England 


tmumtmmAmk, 


^.•i- 


«ibvtB  were  miwiiett  ivitH^^i»  nott  <^|le«»  iliM«il;^^irM 
nfttttfQ  fell  iMo  tlie^  «li«M»  irtth  a  4eg^e  inf  6iilindlti^  th^t 
afbnfed  b  praettcalioniineBtlirjr'  da  oqip  i^taaBkiaf  to  ulaliif^ 
natfcMi«U|wH<M^totlkai>MiDrthew(fiid.^^^^  ^  'J 

These  deeeits  ^er«  vari«d  with  an  address  and  inditt^*  ^ 
wiirtbjr  ef  a  H^tlttr  ftaiis^;    Th»y  assdnfiiftd  tvefy  shapi  mm 
an  buinblft  nix^mi^p^tignfti,  extraebM  ft^iji  *  lilniiw 
papar,  tQ  an  Important pttblfe^daettmeM^    Shifraets'^l^ttiBHi 
innuweraUek  from  «  emiaciit  inerdtonli*'  ill  Lond^Ml^  IdVer* 
pobli  and  QisMow,  t»  ttiei«l|anti  of  atfimi  iMiiicadti  ita-|^ 
ton,  Nftw-iroirk*  Philadelphia,  and  BaWtiiora,  wctt^ >iW)sK» 
ed  with  nios(«onAde»t  a8Sttranee»oribe>lmni«dlal(»%|^|Miint> 
ment  at  oainmfaMionefa»  to  iiegoeiate;  with  oiir8»  >  «n  itermi 
comporting  wit^  the  nuMpMaimity  of  £ngittnd»  ind'pntticVtf . 
honourable  to  the  United  States.  JUlters  Were  saifflfkewiM 
to  have  been  received  from  Mr.  Gatlatin,  1^11  of  aisnhtncicfa 
of  peace,  whiehOre:*^  Britain  would  grant  on  terms  iiiior«» 
favoural|le  than  when  She  was  pressed  by  the  powelf  of  Bot^ 
aparte.    All  these  tales,  how  wild  or  extravmatit  aoever^ 
were  greedily  caught  at  and  believed  by  our  citizens,  ai; 
they  flattei^d  and  coincided  with  their  ardent  desire  toit 
peace*  -Sajtstly  sings  the  poet, 

'•^  Wlwt  w«  wUh  to  b«  «ra».  1M  an  foml  t»  bcUev*.** 

Several  timeiB  we  were  delUdedSi^ilih  ^formation  that  Ad^ 
miral  CQchrane  had  received  despatches  announcing  an  ap- 
proaching armistice,  and  his  oouseqiient  recall' from  the. 
American  atatiion.  In  a  word,  na  pains  were  spared  to  lead 
us  into  a  most  pn^und  sleep ;  and  the  opiatea  operated  most 
powerfully. 

During  all  ^bis  deceitfiiil  ealm,  thrpugh  which  every  man 
of  discermmenti  might  readily  and  unerringly  foresee  the" 
amiroaehes  of  a  fcfrf^l  stornH>«as  every  indieation  frtwi 
England,  deserving  of  credit,  portended  a  long*  a  dMpmratv, 
and  a  vindicUye  warfare^  the  goTernment  of  the  United 
States  took  no  measures  to  dispeftlie  delusbn.  In  vain  the  *■ 
public  looked  tor  '\^a9bington  fmrinlbrmation  on  ^e  prospect 
of  affairs.  AU  wss  there  profinindly  silen^  Government 
m\ist  have  bad  all  the  information  on  the  anl^ectthat  %as  in 
thte  couQtcy :  ^nd  it  WM  their  incumbent  duty  to  have  dis- 
seminated|d>voad  the  reSultof  their  inteli^neei  that- tto 
public  migbtregu)ate>  their  proceedings,  and  predicate  their  > 
messures  on  rauonal  and  prudentisl  calculations.  But  thia 
imperious  duty  was,  I  venture  to  assert,  utterly  neglected* 
There  wu  not  a  line  of  official  communication  en  the  subiecti 

F 


mm 


m 


mmmsmmfmniL. 


more  the  hope  of  » ^:  ^IwrtMo*  of  P«i>M*,  th«ii  f»ap  of  ihift  tout 


^'.''t, 


o,(. 


'g^mf^  «ijtimM  to  viiiiMHii»!«»iHW«||i«iMt«»  I  inw  PhiMtlt 
ph|f)|9  m»  9mm  tfc(^  «w»t  drlwIiwIvpoiittMi  off  Ih*  »••»•• 
^;^e,|Jit|M^^4llei»,  TlMii^|^wefe,B»prf|^^  MiMp  ^MT 
4f^WQi^  e«pjBpt,  ife^  Qi>]lNidj^iiig  »  Mun)»»r'^T#tfiteAK  oorfp* 
T^ry lPi<A|iMi  i|fNlP«4  to  pfoleot  un.  iuilJlMidileit  W  lU^k 
-f;lwt>i%hVli»i^  Mn  thf)  eon^^  baAtbe.onfiiy  u* 
^fM  iM  wJti<l«  wo  vote  thKii  a»H»i«g  in  ajtatib  of  stefid 
'.f^insw'irvatipiMtt-floeiii^y,^  .,  ,;,i  •  ,.v.\.^  ^\..  .,,■-,: 
.  Tkfk  «Pipl|  of  ^^  AoiOlacrilimi  «k  WMh^agtoiN  •wnkod  «o 
M$  of  oMin  oloniliof^  and  djuiielleil  the  delMitoft.^Wo  w^ve 
<^fMi  i^fo^seil  to  a  fott  eopto  of  our  da«||ei)Mi8  sitna'jQiif  »id 
^  tUt  hm  and:  8UiiMienoa«  that-  had  eained  it  We  weipt 
ipanlullf  to  Wjk:— and  m  a  fewi  weeks  made  ettobo  prepara* 
t|oas a9»r9n^wodf.puhUK«wftdenoe»aQd promisedfair to  ena- 
ble tts  to  repel  the  eneiny»  should  be  nake  hMii^^araMa. 


CHAPTER  Til; 

tkmPdt  tfUMiuM  and  Oenenl' Hamphn*  ProUedingB  ofCon^ 
gtttt.  LamaOabU  torpor t  dtUty,  and  htdteisUm,  JngUel 
ig/^  public  ofwion, 

lis  nilltary  affbirs*  when  oombined  operations  are  undtr- 
taken*  it  is  indispensably)  necessary f  in  oirder  to  iiMure  8ue> 
cess*  tinrt  a  good  underataadtngshoidd  prevail  between  tho 
conoNuitders  who  are  to  eo>operal)e.  A  want  of  doe  atten* 
tion  to  tliis  obvious  dictate  of  pmdenee  and  comnion  sense* 
Ins  earned  thefti^re*  among  Tarions  nations*  of  expeditions 
cNf  the  utmost  inpovtance.  It  is  one  of  those  plaiii  rules* 
Whioh  oan  bardtjh  eseapo  the  disoemmeht  cf  a  man  of  ev«n 
medioere  «apaeityk 

Neirertheless,  the  mwthem  oampsigh  of  I8i8*  was  infrdst^ 
ed  to  Cktiij  WiUdhson*  and  Gen.  Hampton*  between  whom 
existsd  a  hig^  dogreo  of  hostiMty*  which  Wiu  sufficiently' 
welli  known*  to  hwre  pointe*^  out  the  id)Sttrdi<7  of  the  proce- 
dure.   The  issue- of  the  eampaign  Was  disTiitrous.    Anditir 


fmsoLPmiwmMm 


4iM«ter^  «nii«>liiboi.  til*  BC^Mt  vitm9xA»  m^Mf  taiimmi 
that  it  fa  «ati(iiiMliiii|p.li*v  It  d^vM^htare'  kMn  alreDloQMi;  ijm 

AmAngthe  irrieTOus  Bihd  df  the  ruung  p>*rty,  I  knoiiK9ltj|pii% 

w  iirliiiir^iia.mac^lpgiar  C^^^ 

9ver  may  (n^Jle  wrgeiHgr  q(y^-  pMliJi^  Jb«aMiMfi^iliow  m^ 

apfrit  of  procraatinatioii,  and  tl^e^  ,Hi|^  of  «piN^)|||^^ 

TirauQr  tliv«a  p^waKWlVm'^tfMrif  9»  aneli  JN4ei/  t9k(i  i^^<wi> 
pi«)iet)aivo  n%y  oCiftifliligeHf.  1^  wHaiMat  it  (M)i»pl«^»^ 

i»  throw  ai^ ,  mv  or  ittipiHrtaiit.  |%lil;  on  U^-i-M ,  wHfic^ 
Bp«eah«B  atandiii;^6  saoMt  .relatpjbci  to  tliase  iif  tfie  ^arfft 
o^atortt  that  ff  haph-  ^iMrfl»a4  orer  »  s^oiul  ar  thii^d  time  do<^ 
to  the  cTii^iMtl  Bol^.  akloM^  of  wfeipae  Iwgat^iihl  ^>lii  foraie4* 
And  thiwtjia  tlie-inoft^]!?  ofthi  iiajtiwi  ej(p4iid«d»  fwd  ita  hopaa 
lrastratad» ^relyihftt  Mr*  A,  and; Mr.  Brand  Ux>  ^tm 
Mr.  D,  may  have  an  «|ipQrtiinit|r  of  ntalEJug  kng  afieeohaa  tq^ 
prove  to  tbair^eoaatttnenta  liaw  iris^  t|i#y  Il|iv|^xflfil9c|;eil 
repraaentatlvQal.t    ,.  ■■,.  -    '-rnu^-r:  >>i,.;  '  ^hi-.yin  i^ 

I  have  not  h^fipi'e  no  the  dehatea.of  the  Bnliah.liarliwnenit 
— and  tber<i^PO  caion^  with  Call  cnnfiden^atate  whi^  is  acH 
taaUy  thair  m^  of  pnDoeeding.  ^at  it  i|4t(^«igly  impreas-^ 
ad  on  ny  nund»  that  they  generally  decide  on  qaeftipna  ast 
QBo  8ittfa^s«  TMh  at  leaat  I  can  aver  with  tkie  ntmoat  eorf* 
tainty,  that  many  of  the  moat  BMmantoaa  qneatioifli  (nvolvK 
ing  tlM>  intereata  of  8Qf«CS,Qao>of  pa(^la«*  hafo  haen  thus 
deei4odf  aftor  n dehate |roi»  tNree  o'cleeh  in>  the  aftenMon* 
till  throe  oil  jfonr  in  th«  nioruing*  And  inthedehatea.on 
tlitaae  anliticcta*  aone  of  the  crealeat  m^  in  Si uropo  have  diaM 
playad  their  talantaon  ho$  sidea— Erakine*  and  Fox,  wA 
OregF— Mt>  and  |lnrke»  and  Wyndhanu  Whereaa  one  of 
^r  tptmhi^m*  wil\ao!netiineaoaaiifqr  eigUki^nt  or  tweini 
hearty  aometiaea  tfM»  4P99t  with  n  alugla  apaoeh.  i 

A,  la«gn  portion  of  the  paopln  of  tb»  oountry  have  taltan 


*  InclfMlifw  it*  tkut  To^a  tfitmAom  (^  »bon  U  tia  anmber  tf  the 


•Hih 


0- 


;1 


ii 


tMM. '  One  piirty>«4mii^  anl|;.e«^«irMtliciotlir«  c(:n^<!s*«8 
and  dHpuc*  ainottAivtiythiBg  Britiflh^'tlNi«,y  MH»  h^%  int 
eqiud  error.  Bnglanit  preiento  much  to  admire  ar»tl  in  ^ute — 
much  to  cemure  and  avoids  It  is  higMg^^efiirabi!?'  we  Hht.nM 
imitate  her  in  the  manageipent  of  her  |iarlia^t\:^;l>tar>  ptr- 

'  A«fi#l0ta<th»  »ii|Ya(iia«f  Coni^teiks,  ''a  rntne^vbkilht' 
t«  'h^  iniK^  ilNMi6dr«tcfl) .  The  dt^>;»tMr  ^^irt  CbileltmKed' 
li^thte  reiemUiM^HMiilfdai  When  theylil^te  Vbtn  tkitxO^ 
11^ 'iMtoiffli,  thftyonght  16  be  tertaiinfttea  hy  th^.  |»revious 
^ttetttieii/ uct#kh«tdMlti|p  tiae  elttmoa^  and  oaterf  </ f^«er' 
iMa(ii^>'^  Aild  wlteiliH^r  tft«  «|hii'|^fie3^%f  tht^  c«ie  f ^quir  n: 
|»rotijptitudley  thd  sil|iilg%^^h«^  he«dnein«^  till  fhe  ^tibjeet 
idmliHMd,  «ti^1ifiss  rte,er^jiij^ipiltion  attd^^dMlouKy  may  rendir 
iii*adaMarfc!is>^ni  nfSceBgjs!'^'     '•-■    '  •,  :- '■•■M:i  .       .'^     ■...^■:>i*^ 

-Wfiat'a  l.tTA^fltabl^/  vroep^clC^Che  eoilittnr  txhibfted  at  the' 
moment  i  wnrie  thes?  lines !  It  waattie  Mxth  of  December. 
ti*mpv.m  had  been  in  seiMlDn  neairtj^  thl^  molithil.M.-Tbe^ 
flHniB  the  credit  <^tb#  goTeli^entiMid  pr60trate-«-the  sen- 
bkkrd  exposed  to  de|ir^atien—4he  |iay  Df  the  army  in  ar- 
l«am^ami  «very  thing  in  aaituatfonthtit  Was  ctdciilated  to 
^(Mt  energy  and  deeMoli  among  a  nation^  of  Syharlteii 
And  what  Was  the  reaalt  ?  There  had  probably  h^n  one  or 
tirp  hundred  flowery' apeeebes  mad»-t-«mei|idAients  and  post- 
MMaiieirts  inna'merable^-^nd  onljr  t^  impbHa^t  aets  paaa- 
ddi— one  Ibr  bbrrowMii  tttree  millionb  iif  :dqllatrs<^nd  the- 
attie^  for  bnying  orbdming  t^^nty  BdAMnerA. 

4:Tb^ho8e  i«liO:ii^e'4etaated^b^  for  the 

welfare  and  safety  of  their  country,  these  prdeeedings  were 
a  sonroe  of  the  ittost  poignant  uneasiness;  They  were  utter- 
ly unaeeountable,  and  inrecottcilable  with  thtv' plainest  dic- 
tates of  reaata  and  eomnhlbn  sense.  Laying  adlde  itf  consi<^ 
^rations  of  publio  spirit  <or  patriotism*  a  doe  regard  to 
personal  interest  and  personal'  safety,  oiight  to  have  pre^ 
aerlbed  a  tohdl^rdiflbrent  line  of  conduct. 

^ilie  majbrity  endea?ouiied  to  ihelter  them»^ves  bycene^^ 
sttrt^  the  mlnoiri^  who  made  tb(Mie  long  speeehesfinr  the 
|Nirpbte^«if  einbarrMsing  them^  and  pi^traefing  their  de^ 
oabes  and^  pioeeel^jra.  This  plai^  would  not  stand  eximinai- 
ilMi.  •  Wei^e'  if  t4iid,  a  minority  of  six  or  eight  persona^ 
possessed  of  the  faeu%  of  making  «  Un^  tattu/*  mignt  at  m 
times  totally  bafte  ift  mmtMi^,  and  ^r^i«^  the  mationa  of 
the  government  Silppbse  eaieh  member  «f  the  minority  to 
make  a  speecb^of  a  day  ^t  tWoon  every  iubjaet  that  arose 
fi^e  discussion— allow  a  reasonable  time  for  replication,  to  the 

itttiiJQrlty-rTaiid  the  whofe  year  wb^^  be^iiadequf^tf  for  that 


■tiartamtmaHCk. 


H 


;;?Ji 


all 
M 

■ose 


pnAM  df%athiesl  which  the  British  purliameiit  would^  with 
6aabd««|lateh  lli'ttaionth. 

<- Besides  »^ejl«lqr  vi^ng  A^om  th6  diipla^s  ofdnitoiir 
whfich  i  have  stated,,  there  is  aii^thei'  Bsuroe  of  delfnr,  ednal* 
ly  iiyiHrious.  Private  and  triflitig  hiisiness  oblrades  itself 
on  the  attention  vi  oonfi^|u»  iiid  occupies  %  large  portion  of 
titf  time  which  is  lovoly  called  (bl^  by  the  important  i^airs 
or  the  liatitii^  The)  fyniitp  ou^hl  tb  bd ,  postpqne<l  jliU  the 
other li^ftU dpl^lied*- -'<  >;;^-:;  ,:-:'-.^.l"'  /;^;,\niv  .^- 
iI^rt1lilm»t  mlldiiinie^irtibular  easi^i  of  tli^^iiosi;«xiraff 
ordt^ai^  kiikd  lliii'<^^  olNsiniiedi  ih«  JtttfntiMi  ofn  pnW^ 
body i-r  M^eiPi  w|ai  thiiro  a  giwitter  nHMdiMy.  of  a  4<lUbehitC¥fr 
sMemMjii  Jl  aitti  Bpri^j'  edled  BosMns*?  bekttgiiil^to  » 
Mr.  Biaivlll'ilhtrdiitf  was  inpressed^  Inr  a*ioiitihental  wwfy 
in  they^iur  irSit.v&aving  be^h  ▼ahiedilt  rAd-poiuidf  specif 
General  GiNicfn  returned  hkny  on  acoiMul^of  tlib  cii^vaffMrf^ 
]^«ise;  He  wait  afterwards  >tak«fl  by  ahotlber  bAcery  aadTne* 
vet  r^tw^ned;  His  Widow,  Mrs.  Amy  DanKn,  has  been  • 
yery  assidiious'«iplieant  to  eoilgnftss  for  remunertttion  from^ 
that  period;  iura  tli<!; subject ;has  at  various  sessibns,  ocea« 
pied  a^Jarge  por^«m  of  the  time  of  that  body,  1%e  wages  dl 
eongreSB,  during  the  ttme  of  tlie  debates,  would,  I  am  per* 
snaded»  piirehase  horaes  for  the  best  appointed  regiment  of 
dvagooMslA'Christendom.  A  worthy  member  d^t^Tirgini^ 
used  to  ride  Bonlidns Into  cofigresain  grefit  state,  every  yeak^ 
during  htolife.  He  is  now  no  ihdre.  Who  has  been  ajp^ 
point^^  roaster  of  the  hoiliie'' in  his  place,  I  cMint^t  decidiB. 
But  that  he  has  $  succes8<Hv  is  beyond  a  doubt  |  for.Bardin't 
htrno  wa8eunretting<and  pranking  as  usual^eVen  during  the 
late  very  important  session. 

A  gefttleman  to  wfemra  I  mentioned  this  eireamstanee,  ino 
fomlB  me  thlit  in  the  years  1803  and  isoa,  there  were  two 
pamphlets  published,  on  this  subject  at  the  expense  of  the 
nation,  v/br^Ae  use  ^  fAe  members,  the  cost  of  which  woulA 
perhfti^lwre  paid  Ibr  the  horse.  i; 

To  render  this  procedure  ipore  culpable,  as  weB  as  mor#7 
IkreieAl,  the  seuate  of  the  United  States  were  on  the  7th  or  Stii 
w  9th  i^  February,  1816,  when  every  metaent  of  their  time 
was  inexpressibly  intalui^le^  gravely  debating  a  biU  for  the 
remuUeiatloil  of  MrSi  Dardih !  And  uey  wei:e  then  within  a 
moUth  of  the  clese^  of  theur  session^-and  had  mad6  no  provi- 
sion for  t^esdefeaee  of  our  cities,  liable  to  houriy  destruction, 
dorfor  the  restoration  of  public  credit!  The  mind  is  lost  in 
the  most  profound  astoin^hmeKt  at  tiie  emitejniplation  of  such 
a  futile,  such  a  puerile  mode  ai  itoanagittg  public  business. 
I  am  mistaknn  if  the  anrn^t  (tf  le(pslatioil  lean  produce  any 
parallel.  '  ;■'  -^  -- 


ii 


YHH  OLIVB  iittAMDII^ 


formerf  it  is  disgraceful  and  diMioiioliMUe;iwt  to  Ipve  dlft* 
e|iai||«dit.  If  qUierwJM^  it  la  rMHjr  ilMiteakla  tabwre 
tUe  jubliptMEMil^MiehiiaporUiiitjr..  iH// 

U-  ■>   ;'  :'■■>  ritiM^tar/l ;?!»'■         ;     >  ^' 

aonandMr.  MadfiKm,  theleaat  ertmintivMfrMily  ti» 
BMiat^penkloail  1«  Ite:;i«adta^i8,tlte1iidifll#raacttbr  luwa 
aii^ad^  towiirda^a  iiniitti^ed  ailijipatMi  irbatoii  tHar 
wai^M#ii«<d«in>.Mi  tlb}tore^iitiitiiMfti.'i«i  uaafkillleak  4e«l 
flitraya^*'  .itlitf  n^lMMri  iriiui  firan  ah  iUard  relifUaa  aa 
tHa  good  aaimiii^ia  rabll&.MM^lHi  tlM  natiM^ 
iiifent|Aa^4«^Ma^'ft!im tliair  lBd<i|aieailir.  temttantioit  It 
lh»  fi<DlMibly  Iteiidcli^  if  it  araaavfirtoia  aiUMit  of  thathro  irtl 
BMitivea,  ADoili  a  tf iibr  btttfaBai^iiiniMdiiit  \viiiaii  aAtHiid^. 
lAth^^ithadaai--Trttthiagraa«1uidwillprthr«ilb  Mitti^ 
(MM  (tf  tiaua  kaa  this  aafitiiralinig  itaaini  bean  jmiiawBoed  f 
Mid  it  ia  aiaMMt  miiraraally  a^ttad  ia  itaMmtaw^artibltf. 
Yet  tlia  liistap^  of  tbe  waild  in  alilaat  (oarefT  pagjD  lyaiHiataBtiH 
vKmgrto  ita'failacy.  fEVatli/aaaidai^^by  Ii«|n8lr7,.«iri|ae« 
Ik^ityftM^  9>mrgy^  ^lonlbais  al  vory  iHMniMl  odd^  alSiAntfi 
|blaaliood»  afpportedbj  tbaaa  a«iiiUaria4.  Tbaitt#iittr  •*  otbai' 
thiMg».bahig  a^ual/'  ia  an  Ofafmatoli  Ibr  hlaebiMd^  1 9t6t]^ 
g#ant.  But  the  IKenda  of  tha  fttrmer,  tf^they  raljr  irhoil^ 
on  ItB  intrinrie  niariti»  and  do  not  «n?£ii!«  •  ^na  degJNM  off 
i^ifilanea,  will  ba  miaeraMy  doaeivad  hx  their  caleutatioiis.  t 

Aaoppoaedaaiiinpoint;  A  ni«|tian  jaiebannd  Vfitfa  bar*4 
ing  been  seen  entering  a  brothel  in  tba  iaaa  ai  dij",  witii  a 
notorlona  aedneev.  The  atbi7  tifirtM,  It  is  uiiTorsally 
balieTad.  Her  cktaraatar  ia  iWtra^ed.  Sba  is  shunned  ai 
eontaminatovy.  Six  teontha  ailarwavds,.  abe  j^Mduae*  n  boai 
af  uncxeepCionable  witnesses  to  ]H«t«  itn  aKbi.  Tfaaijr  aatab* 
fish  inoontroyertibljr,  that  at  the  time  8ta^»>d^  and  tut  tpaathf 
befbreabi  after,  ak^  was  in  China  dr  Japan,  it  la  in  vain. 
Hei'  ebafaoter  ia  gone.  Th  >  walera  of  the  Atlaati«  wionM 
not  |»ar^  her.  Slia  pays  for  fa^r  neglect  and  her  lhlly»  the 
mighty  Ibifait  of  a  daatroyed  repatatiioai 

Tbtfa  has  U  baeil  with  the  adndnisttatioia  of  jMr.  Jeiiensii 
and  lyi'r^  Madisaik*  They  have  been  ebar^ad  wifli  erininal 
eonduct,  fte(|!ientl^  ef  the  meal  iagpnillciai.  Thechaigas 
have  been  ]JMi8ied  oVer  bi  sifenoe  Jbr  a  anniideraMe  tf  mo^ 
Not  beiM^  denied,  they  were  preawiaadltatte  adinitted.  Aad 
in  fact,  hWean  the  i^blic  determine^  whether  alienee  un* 
der  aeonsatio*  arisea  finm  cenaeiiN»gidll,'»  nliiBoe  npoA 


1HK  tLI¥l  lAAlHttK 


m 


pSlieorittiM?  * 

iiMlioii  M  MtHgMifiilMMrtfed.  ThiB  tteraetvv^  sjlubiio 
oflcev  if  te  ■0a^  loiiipKbQft  feoynHy. '  ^  priirtto  MfMm  m^ 
tlhmkbtoMinitmfHf  pel'hapt  ivfthoot  iiMing  wMbft- 
ttnemaqjMlRiMibiiiliiaHMiit  But  ikm  Mt^am^mm  rf  tit 
«f  •  |MiUfai«ilMr  Ja  reaUr  »  pnWe  iM|iit3Pu.^r«i  il  MMertitly 
Imuiita*  if  it  do«a  mi  dto«tr»,  lib  aMf«lMiB|i 

ThfBie  it  in  ttMibiBtory  #r  Qraenl  WaMiin^liia^  aeiniMil^ 
«taM»  whiokApptert  i|  4«psrteM  fipoM  tN  MHiiid,  iMeMlilW) 
mod  Mw^  thtl  almM  wuvifBillgr^veeidfed  ovtr  iili  otndoAl. 
JDuriiq;  tie,  ntointioiiAtj  iv*iv  Mate  «f  the  BMltBli'  4inUto»> 
lies  piililishcd  acoUection  Dl1ettemium4lieAt»llilif«  wMftlk 
w^w  piirttgr  gennine.  bit  iatflrpoltAed  wilh  fiiryeriw^  anil 
partlf  Itttora  aHogether  forg«A.  they  wer*  mkulAted  tb 
iMpim  ttrong  doabte^of  hit  attnebment  to,  HhA  coiiidMiiB«ili 
the  revnlttti<p.  They  were  edited  by  «  niMterly  plMw      i '  v . 

Tbeadticlc  was  mai^ailiag.  The  attaohilienlitD^  md^  teH- 
ideii0»  in,  liie  gemcal^  were  unimpaired.  The>  pampiiifet 
iUttlL  into  diUvlonL  ^^ 

latfaf)  yoar  «y«5,  dmsing  the  dislsisslftn  ettitfeid'  by  fkfk 
treaty*  H  wm  reprinted  aa  a  geilaiiie  collection,  iifd' hat  aft 
•xteaiiii^  ^tnmttltton.  Geaeral)  Wiupbibgfo^  dM  mt  at  Hha 
timeimtiee  it  He!  aUowed  it  to  take  ito  ooan^,  «ppaMni6> 
ly  indiflbvent  ai^ta  the  coMeqaeaCea.  Bnt  at  tbe  ciMe  of  Mfi 
p«b|ifl  fonetilonav  ie  EccenfM  in  the  offise^f  th)»  itfapetai^  cf 
ttiiteafiMrmaldedlaMitionoftthe  fbr^^ery.  IJ^iel  convimM 
the  ptocedure  waa  ii|jfadicioua«  If  tlie  pamphlee  i*«re  eirtl!- 
tfed  to  any  animadvenioa^  the pnipar peitedtcaa i^bea it 
was  repabliahed,  and  of  course  when  it  would  nroduce  all  the 
effect  that  could  result  fronrit  on"his  public  character. 

The  instances  of  mclecti^of  this. kind  on  the  part  of  Mr. 
Jefferson  and  Mr.  ]^iMUS6n,  are  numberkss.  I  shall  only  in- 
staiice  two*  A  ebarf^  was  alleged  against  the  foimer*  cf 
haytiig  seiMl  two  mitHons  of  deUars  to  France  fw  some  secret 
and  sinister  purnosex.  whiidi  I  cannut^now  recelleot.  It  had 
been  in  universal  circulation  throughout  the  union,  without 
any  formal  or  satisfsotory  contradictibfr,  for  months.  At 
length,after  it  had.doQe  all  the  mischief  it  was  calculated 
to  produce,  an  authentic  dbcumental  disproof  crept  out, 
g!7**eaettc%  Wit  theladtf*i  aHbi,  and  Q:y*  pfth  the  sanu  efict', 
^  One  other  institmee,  and  i  hare  done  with  this  part  of  my 
sulrfeet  Th<i  oflbr  of  the  Russian  mediatibn  was  made  by 
M^  Dasehkoff  in  Marctf,  ISls.  Mr.  Pickering  In  Boston, 
shortly  afferwardir  published  a  serrcs,  of  letters  on  the  subject, 
which  iMrerepublisbed'inaliiiost  every  town  and"  city  of  the 


THI  OLfVB  BSANCII. 


Viiitod  StotM.    He  openly  «»d  mqualiie<1y  asserted  tliaC 
the  wHole  transaction  was  a  fraud  and  impoatai'^— «elely  eOl* 
calated  Co  delude  the  citizeiii  intb  aiibiorf  ptiom  ft»r  the  pend- 
ioi;  kuuiv-p'He  de»k)d  the  olDBr  oft*  m«idlatioii  aHfl^ther :  and 
ImMly  referred  ti>  M.  Daaehl^ofl;  and  to  Dr  Logam  to 
prove  hit  ■tateiMnU  correct.,   If  ever  an  aeemation  demand- 
ed attention  and  diiprovai,  tbto  waa  of  that  description.    It 
was  advaneed  undwt  bis  own  signature,  by  a  m^n  who  ha«|v 
held  highoffloial  sCptkins*  and  who  possessed  very  eonsiderh<k 
Me  ftandins  with  tiie  oppoaers  of  the  govenmeiitw    But  tho 
same  Altai  and  niipardonaibl«  neglect  prevailed  as  iii  soommi]^' 
other  instaiices.    The  allegation  was  aikmed  to  produee  its 
full  eflfeet  wittout  any  other  attemnt  at  oou»tcjractlon»  than  n 
few  anonymous  paieagraphii  of  denial.     •  il!?:;  ^vi 

Tq  render  this  error  more  palpable,  a  motion  was  made  in 
the  senate  of  the  United  States,  on  the  Sd  of  Jane»  18$$,  for 
a  disclosure  of  the  correspondence,  of  which  the  government 
ought  to  have  gladly  availed  itself.  But  it  was  rejected. 

At  length,  when  the  alTair  had  in  some  measure  sunk 
into  oblivfon,  on  the  ISth  of  Jan.  1814,  a  motion  was  carried 
in  the  house  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States^ 
for  the  pubttcatioR  of  the  correspondence  on  the  subject.  It 
then^appearad  that  the  whole  of  the  charges  were  calumnious 
and  unfounded— «nd  that  the  transaction  reflected  a  high  de- 
gree of  credit  as  well  on.  the  potent  monarch,  who  took  so 
warm  an  interest  in  our  affairs,  as  on  our  government,  for 
its  pronmt  acceptance  of  the  mediation.  But  the  diselosure 
was-  too  late  :to  counteract  any  of  the  pemieloUs  effects  that 
had  resulted  from  the  accusation.  Many  person^  to  this  day 
believs  the  whole  transaction  a  deception. 


m 


CHAPTER  Vra. 

Capture  of  Washington,  Causes,  Mismana^emmt.  Fort 
WashitigUm,  Trial  of  Captain  Ityson.  Extraordinary 
SeiOenee,    Loons,    Injury  to  fviblic  Credit,    Betrospeetitm. 

7%e  Captv/re  ^  Washington, 

On  tho  24th  of  August,  the  capital  of  the  United  States 
was  taken  by  the  enemy.  Thieir  force  was  by  no  means  of 
such  magnitude  as  would  have  prevented  the  disaster  from 
being  accompanied  by  disgrace.  Had  it '  een  overwhelming, 
the  loss  might  have  excited  regret,  but  we  should  have  been 
spared  mortification  and  disgrace.  But  as  it  stands  a  e  h- 
ject  for  historical  record,  the  loss,  dthoogh  very  great,  is 


TH^  9UVE  BJIAI^QU.  |» 

und^servinn  pf  considerwUon.    Pl^w4  betide  the  dishooo^r» 
it  sinks  into  i|uiiniificanoe  li^e  «  molebiJl  beaidf  »  uou^t^iiu 
Tt^f  farce  of  tlie  eneipy  is  vtriouslj^  state^t    The  bighcst- 
estimate  \s  0>OOO.    Pr.  Catlett*  wl\o  bad  a  favffMrable  op- 

Erturiity  of  MOv«irtainiqg  ^ith  precision,  states  it  at  S,^Q, 
ravy  {trrson  w|tl|  whom  I  have  conversed*  thi^t  saw  them, 
B  been  of  opinioi*  that  they  were  so  jaded  with  their  mafH^b^ 
f^a  so  dispir^te^f  that,  hat)  suitably  pre|)ar^tiqn«  j^een  majle, 
t)ipy  niight  hayp  b«p  eiMiUy  defeat,  apd  pirobaHy  ($a)itured. 
"fl^eyianded  fit  Benedict,  on  the  l^tb  of  August,  and  pro- 
ffec4lB9  in  a  tol^niMy  regulfur  course  towafids  Washington^ 
yhlii^  nif^  t^it  poly  object  worthy  fd  ^l^eif  att^iitidn.  Thejp 
were  six  days  on  their  march.    ^|id  thef^  was  liard|y  an^f 


{Qgtoi^^  tiljl  witjiin  tllree  dfiys  of  th.e  |>atUe  of  Bladens- 
nirg. 

On/»  ,o]by|v>i|i8  pL^  of  ^efenp,  which  w,o|i)d  have  struck  the 
fj^l^i^l^  qf  j^  mc^e  tryro  in  military  apkirs,  was  to  have  garri- 
soned the  capitol  and  the  president's  nouse,  with  as  power- 
ffda.  focoe  ^  could  conveni^y  operate  there.  The  strength 
ef  ue^e  jtwji^  }i^Ming^  would  have  cnableo  the  garrisopiB  to 
pirn  out  |i  jio^  tjyf  e,  Mptii  iroops  .ep^a  have  been  collected 
to  i^ncpufit^  ^e  ^n^ljur. 

It  ^9  ^t  fi^  jpae  to,d«|cidjB  on  w^mfm  |the  censure  ought  to 
fall— 4>ii  the  prejsident-— the  secretary  at  war — on  the  district 
l^enei'al^  yffaH/bf^^^r  ofi  the  wh4e  tfljgether.  But  let  that 
|M4ut  hie  diiteiw^ed  a^  it  ma^,  ^t  cannot  he  denied,  that 
ii^h7^g  hui  tl^e  most  culp^h^  ncglefst  jcould  have  led  to  the 
refktffiif  t^l|t  ^ook  place — ^results  Wfofih  could  not  fail  to  prove 
|i\|uri9i,uii  tp  the  paiional  character  in  Europe,  and  which, 
hw  Qqjt  t^e  ^'cwB  01  tV  exploits  of  the  f>rftve  and  illustricun 
.A^aedtm^ugjii  fund  lifpeon^,  arHye^  there  at  the  same  iim^. 
as  the  account  iuf  this  ^lusmcefiil  disaster,  would  hav^  ma- 
teo^jdly  imd  .pemieia;^'|ly  uTected  c'^9  negotiation  at  Ghent. 

W^^n  the  precedug  strictures  were  written,  I  had  not 
^en  the  Report  of  we  tcoo^nittee  apppinted  to  investi^pte 
the  jsuluect,  wliioh  I  nave  recently  examined  with  attention. 
}X  is  .^j^arly  estfiblislied  by  tlie  documents  annexed  to  this 
rcg^tt,  .tluit  t^  disapter  arose  from  a  series  of  the  most 
einra^in^y  f^nd  unaccountable  mismani^ment  I  shall 
enumerate  a  few  of  the  instances  in  brief. 

Let  f||B  .previ^i^sly  observe,  that  the  president  stands  ex- 
cptpated  if^pm  censure  in  the  affair ;  for  a  cabinet  council 
was  ,beld  at  Washington,  on  the  1st  of  July,  wherein  it  was 
Pesolved  to  establish  a  new  military  district,  to  comprise  the 


Tin  OLITB  BRANCH. 


eiliM  of  WMhioffton»  Baltimore!  and  the  a^Ment  eountrf. 
The  command  of  it  waa  given  to  general  Winderf  who  had 
explieit  dlrectiona  to  make  preparation!  to  repel  the  enemy* 
•hould  he  make  any  attempt  on  the  aeat  of  goTemment>  which 
the  council  judged  highly  probahle. 

Among  the  erron  committed^  the  followiag  are  the  moat 
prominent : 

1.  There  waa  no  attempt  made  to  fortify  thoae  partaofthe 
comitry  calculated  for  defence*  although  General  Van  Ncas* 
on  kehalf  of  the  cttizenM  of  the  Diatrkt  of  Colombia*  made 
repeated  and  earneat  appKcationa  to  the  aecretary  at  war  on 
the  Bulject*  and  althougn  he  aa  repeatedly  proniiaed  to  pay 
•ttentlon  to  their  requeata. 

2.  There  waa  not  the  slightest  elfort  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  enemy*  fh>m  the  time  ot  his  debarkatimi  till 
the  day  of  the  battle  of  Bladensburg,  although  the  country 
through  which  he  passed  was  admirably  calculated  for  the 
purpose. 

5.  There  was  no  camp  formed  equidistantly  between  Bal- 
timore and  Washing^n*  so  as  to  be  able  to  cover  and  protect 
cither  or  both  places. 

4.  The  troops  (nm  Baltimore  were  not  ordered  out  in  due 
aeasoi*.  Had  the  orders  been*  as  most  indubitably  they 
ougUt  to  have  been*  issued  at  least  on  the  debarkation  ot  the 
«3nemy*  tliese  troops  would  have  arrived  in  prc^r  time^^ 
been  fit  for  duty-^^uid  probably  rescued  the  country  frmh  the 
disgrace. 

b.  The  orders  for  the  Baltimore  troops  to  march,  were 
received  in  Baltimore  on  Saturday  the  20th  of  August. 
They  tqok  up  the  line  of  march  the  next  day*  Sunday  the 
21st  On  thiU  evening  they  received  an  arder  frum  Oeneral 
Winder,  by  expreas,  to  hai^t  uirm  tubther  oedbbs  ! 
Next  day,  they  had  renewed  orders  to  march  with  full  speed 
to  Bladensburgf— Those  to  General  Stuisbury  were  receiv- 
ed at  10  A-  M.*  and  those  to  Colonel  Sterrett  at  S  P.  M. 
The  former  reached  Bladensburg  on  the  82d  at  night-«the 
latter  on  the  sad  at  night.  The  fatal  delfiy  arising  from  the 
orders  to  halt*  was  among  the  principal  causes  of  the  disas- 
ter. Colonel  Sterrett's  corps  arrivea  on  the  ground  jaded* 
and  fatigued*  and  harrassed.  They  had  bet  little  rest  the 
night  previous  to  the  battle*  owing  to  some  false  alMms,  and 
were  in  every  respect  unfit  for  being  led  into  the  engage- 
m^ent. 

6.  Colonel  Young's  brigade*  by  order  of  General  Win- 
der* M'as  stationed  at  a  distance  from  the  field  of  battle* 
wiierc  it  rems^in(  d  inactive  during  the  whole  time  of  tho 


THS  OUVE  BRANCH. 


71 


tnfageinent»  although  within  heMring  of  the  report  of  the 
eaniMin. 

7.  An  eftoient  oorpe  of  600  infantrjTf  and  100  cavalry^ 
vnder  Colonel  Minor*  arrived  at  Waahiagton  on  the  evening 
preeeding  the  hattle.  The  Colonel  ap^ied  to  General  Arm- 
•trong  toit  amot  and  wai  directed  to  {^  report  Mmnlf  ihi 
next  morning  /  /  /  to  Colonel  Carberrr,  who  had  the  care  of 
the  araenal.  This  gentleman  spent  the  night  at  his  oountrr 
seat,  and  was  not  to  be  fbund  in  the  moming»  although  Inval- 
uahle  hours  were  spent  in  the  search  tar  him.  At  length  an 
prder  for  arms  was  procured  firom  General  Winder.  Even 
then  delay  oeourredr  firom  the  sempulOsitv  of  Colonel  Carw 
berry's  deputy  in  counting  the  flints— and  further  delay  in 
giving  receipt  for  them.  The  consequence  was»  that  this 
corpSf  which  would*  almqst  to  a  certainty*  have  decided  the 
fate  M  the  day  in  fkvour  of  their  country*  began  their  march 
so  late*  that  they  had  no  share  whatever  in  the  action*  and 
met  the  retreating  army  after  its  defeat ! ! ! 

8.  Had  a  stand  been  made  in  Washington*  and  the  whole 
force*  even  discomfited  as  it  was*  been  collected  together* 
there  is  no  doubt  but  the  loss  might  have  been  retrieved. 
But  there  was  not  the  slightest  eflbrt  of  the  Icind  made.  The 
retreat  was  conducted  in  a  disorderly  manner,  and  as  much 
like  a  flight  as  could  be. 

Throughout  this  work*  in  all  impprtant  cases*  I  do  not 
merely  refer  to  my  authorites*  as  is  usually  done.  The 
reader  must  observe  that  I  quote  as  well  as  refer  to  them. 
I  am  desirous  of  silencing  incredulity  herself.  In  pursuance 
of  this  plan*  I  submit  a  few  short  extracts  from  the  docu- 
ments published  by  Congress*  on  which  the  preceding  views 
are  founded. 

Extraettfivm  the  letter  tf  Gen.  Van  JVtw  t»  Ae  eemmUtee  efCengreu,  appointed 
fenqtOreiateiheeaiuee  ^the  Captfm^  tVoMnftent  doled Mv.  89, 1814. 

**  Abont  the  opening  of  the  preMnt  oampain,  I  ^rtMed  agrin  upon  the  te«reta>7 
the  raUcet  generally  of  our  itefeneet  luneaang,  In  aMUkm  to  the  ocduiion  of  the 
liver,  tlie  eonvenlenee  and  ie^ertmee  tfa  central  camp,  kiUrmedlate  between  BaiH- 
tmre,  AmiapMe,  WfuMnftekt ^lexanaria,  Geergettmmtmidiheneighbmirins  tamu 
and  eetaUiy.  And  in  freqaent  interview*,  (in  number,  to  be  «ure,  verv  mueh  in- 
ereaied  by  the  impqrtonate  appthsationi  and  nliciuUons  to  me,  of  both  the  civil  and 
miliiaiy  branehee  of  the  eommnnity,  whoae  eonlidenee  in  tfie  weretary  appeared  at 
an  early  V^f'^f  ■*  ^"^  wavering,  if  not  deelining,)  lonietimet  official,  at  other  timea 
not  wo,  wfaiehl  liad  with  him,  as  the  campaign  progrMied,  I  did  not  fail  to  repeat  the 
Mggekion.  I  itiil  reeeived  awutanoe*,  generally  verbal,  fiivourabl&  aeeompanied  by 
an  otherwiie  apparent  bdifTorenee,  and  oonfidcnee  in  our  ■eeurity.*'*  *  *  *  * 

"Thna  had  the  campaign  progreaied,  without  any  visible  itepi  towarda  work*  of  de- 
fence, either  permanent  or  temporary,  either  on  the  hmd  or  tne  water  aide,  fl  never 
h4nin%  heard  of  a  ipade  or  an  axe  being'  itruck  tn  any  euch  operation,  J  or  towards 
forming  a  ren'fexvout  or  eampofregolar  troupain  the  ntamiouthooii,  to  the  great 
anxietg,  inquietude,  and  atarm,  of  the  dietrict  and  turrotmaing  cotmiijft  the  tecrc 
taru  areneralb/  treating  vdlhindijference  at  leatt,  if  not  with  letity,  the  idea  iff  an  at' 
tack  bjf  the  t,nemi.f*  •  •  •  • 

*  Report,  page  <M7.         t  Idem,  page  288. 


H 


TIfE  (JLIVB  ifeAKCH. 


**lii  Aagott  lint,  i*h«m  the  inereiliid  Ittidivlirfbrted  fl«et,  whh  the  tracipt,  Mei^idled 
the  CheMpe«ke,  and  were  known,  from  authentic  infiinaation,  tfthave  entttwl  tlM 
Patue^t,, I  ejdled  on  aeeretanr  Anttftronsanin;  tui/i  ezpicMed,  as niiial,mf  ap(te« 
heniipM,  arbing  from  riitat  dif'«mMaii(!^ii^panltiont|  Mdiii|>,tl)atfitaiinekMwn 
iiiival  Mid  related  luid  fiirte  oTth*  Memj*  hepMlt.ih|f  inunttoatlrikea  feerioiitlikMr. 
Hia  leplji:  wa%  f<  <)A  Jie>  (  Ak  C><-A  Ijky.  wmUi^  n«  co^ie  it^th  nuk  ajM^^  fi*i^ 
meanhff tf  jgtrike tenewhtre f  but Ihm certahwp^  WhatVfed-4 

iviUt/Mdt ken?"  &c.  Aftsr i^emaitinc titatl dflfered irMr iftiaeh Auiiii hiiif, to t6 
tlie  proMhte  intefeit  thejr  fell  ,hi  dettrgjring or  eivttarfa% v^rMt'tl^gainnmmt,  Md 
that  ,1 ,  beliered  a  vWt  to  thia ,  pbca  would,  for  aeveral  reaacw^  he  a  immrtte  dmiat 
with  them,  he  blMii<^,  '^Kd,  iiO!  Bitiikdre  la  the  plaee,  Wt  thittacfM  bdtii 
more  eimkewtMce  r".*  *  *■  f     ^  ;f 

j  "?  oonMei|eA,to.8ee  iiem^^i^r  ooMioiialljr  aa  hefora,  M ^ HfMtqliidMlt^ 
die  ipparent  alpnUhncv  or  proenMIhatKRiiii  the  preparation  nsr  oieceeepooD  ot&e 
enemy,  who  waitehiiMTMiM.  T^e<»n^twril,  tMteTCbm#'lkrmd,M^^ 
to  autheitte  and  Ondpubted  iafprmatioiii  aaoended  to  Ih^  head  ^.the 
of  the,  Patuxent,  apd  had,  for  abotattwei)t74bnr  tfOnn,  Men  dehnkihK, 
lMnd(  Of  that  if  v«r,  iftd  dweMBeliii  trobp*  to  thcnr  e^ 

tiediet,(«hiptat  40  Miles  from  ti^  Cbrtheiiaatf  roate»)iteeral  W.  In  «Mw|)rto  ftfi 

*    1  onlered  on  anrtrapiMLmpa  .BoltimoM,  nnd  whether 


inquii^  of  miu^  whethpr  he  h^ 

he  th«weht  their  wodldbe  lieri  „        . ,  _„ __ 

ONi  AVOTHAT  ALL  HIS  t^AB  WAS,  tllAT  TH^YWOCtD^  HBJffii 
STOP  SOOJV.  Exppeminf  to  hioji  m/  astqni'iiuaenl^  at  the  apprthettsijoAi  lut  sjtid,  he 
thought  it  vervproMble  that  the  eiieiny  would  madenrytdrailNiui,  and  msn  aUow 
nt  Baltimoret." 


.     «  ,        ,  .  -.-    ,      ^    ,  I  onlered  on  amtraopsLmia  JBtwrnen,  nnd  wbeth^ 
he  th«wghlthi7  wonld'be  We^^faiie.^d,  1%A¥TmTlrBiB  (IRlMBftiD 


Extract  from  GettanU  Slaiuburt/'t  Stport. 

-'*The  men  under  iny  command  «rere  worti  doWn  and  nearly  exhausted  trotniM^ 
and  forced  marohes,  want  of  fooil,  and  watehinf;.  TAn  had  been,  with  veriiHtUe  inter' 
imntimitmaer  arnu,  amlmarcidhgfjromthe  timeo/their  di;paffui^efi(mi.iB'aliitniitVf 
MA  btttilttk  ttHep,  badprvvislaiUiandbia  Sttle  ^ppdrtW^  to  eoik.  tW  eertidnfy 
were  not  in  a  situation  to  go  into  battle ;  but  my  orders  Were  positiro ;  vAd  Iwas  detfer* 
mined,  to  obey  theii|i. 

*'  Bc^bre,  and  dorhig  the  aetion,  /  ftld  net  tee  any  of  tlie  force  1  iettt  ledic  eJtpect 
wndd  mppert  me.  I  understood  sinee,  jLhey  were  on  Uieir  way  to  my  aa^stantoe,  and 
I  presume  exertions  were  made  to  Inring  them  op^." 

Extractfom  CobndJIiinorfe S^ort. 

"  T  took  np  m^  line  of  march,  and  arrived  at  the  eapitol  between  sqnitet  and  dailc, 
(Aug.  S3d.l  andmitnediatety  made  my  way  totheptesidentjandrepofledmyarHval; 
when  he  referred  me  to  general  Armstrongs  to  whom  I  repaired,  and  fa^onned  him  as 
to  the  strength  of  the  troops,  as  well  as  to  the  want  of  arms,  ammunition,  &e.  which 
made  it  as  late  as  early  caqdle-li^t;  when  I  was  informed  by  tbat  gentleman,  the 
arms,  ba.  could  not  lie.  had  thflt  niR;ht,  ai^d  directed  to  report  nysj^next  mornitif  to 
cohnel  Carbeny,  vthowoUldfurntsh'mevith  arwu,  be.  which  gentleman,  fnom  early 
next  moraiiig,  I  diligently  sought  foi*,  until  a  late  hour  of  the  forenoon,  ^betat  beJhg 
able  to  find  him,  and  then  went  in  search  of  general  Winder,  whom  IfiMnd  n6ar  (he 
Eastern  Brandh;  when  he  gave  an  order  to  oie  armouTer  ibr  the  munitions  Wairting^ 
with  orders' to  return  to  the  eapi'Ol, /Aere  M  waiY,^/Aer  ertfer*!." 

Extract  from  the  SepoH  of  Doctor  Catlett, 

"  Respecting  the  Mndition  of  the  enemy's  troops,  I  was  informed  bv^several  of  the 
British  officers,  thafPst  previous  tn  their  reaching  Bladensbui'g,  (with  excessive  fii- 
tigue  or  entire  exhaustion)  they  were  drofipingoff  in  coniiderabk  numberei  that  in 
the  action,  it  teat  only  by  the  fnott  extraordinary  exertiona  that  the  main  body  xmsld 
be  flooded  on.  Although  I  observed  some  of  their  flankers  at  times  advafne«  tin  die 
run  a  small  distnnce,  these  were  suid  to  be  only  the  most  active  ef  their  light  compa- 
nies of^  and  attached  to,  their  85lh  regim«>nt,  commanded  tnr  lieutetiant-coloriel  Thorn- 
ton, acting  as  brigadier ;  they  apfteared  to  me  to  halt^  at  ifexhaatted  with^fatU^,  at 
or  near  the  place  where  thefinng  ceased  on  onrpavt,  about  a  mile  and  a  halfon  this 
side  of  Blaifensbtirg,  about  two  o'clock,  P.  M.'lf 

*  Bepoi-t,  page  292.       fldcra,  page  296.      t  I(<em, page  185.    iUstatpigbZn. 

5f  Idem,  page  311. 


iUEr« 


TltfeOLIVfeBRAICClY. 


73 


jtiitrmjlrom  At  iliifitri  ^tie  tbmnuttie  i^Congrtu  <m  tie  tapmi^  Wmiii^ 

(Olia  ( 

"'^'Oqt  ^i>eti  at  tlita  Unit  mtflte  Old  f  teMi,  Me  iMtieti^jr  wtbttated,  %itt 
Bf*  ^Mriil  difftlr^aB.  it  ab6«t  5.(900  McA,  in  ^  tMMwhi|>  <:«r|»l:  mbiMt 
400libk^,  '^M^  the  toMmiilt^  6r  tht  fbHowiiiK  «>flte«r»t  lleift.  c«l.  L«v«n> 
cbl.  TlltaAii,  dik>tiMt  ClildVtai,  ThonttdA.  Hieiteit,  WflBlHiit,  8(e:t  4Mic^ 
dikir  (rbra*.  'w>A«>'  i!He  cblhMli«d  OJT  1i«i»t.  cbl.  IScmt,  vt£.  S6Ui.  Mdi,  m4 
tkbt.  MisMthli  ootaapMlir  ttf  tSit  iSth  Infttitrr  i  6M  mwittes  *nd  flotilf»4nni 
Ahdieir^dC  B«Mf7  Ita  tkjyr.  Matter,  irHh  ISVte  |A«eea  of  hemy  «HIKer]r<^ 
t#9l!8|iiftntai^«Bidth1r«ttwiiIvt  'pmiiAitl%i  1,800  mffltt««nd  vehnitMlrt, 
|«h;  SlriMa^  M^tatiie  ^  <&«tM:^ftf«rti  stid  cHy  Ailiria.  knd  MuryiMA  tdmek 
«MUr  cbl.  Kitihetr,  of  #t(ldi  thi^  ««re  tiro  ceMpmlet  t>f  ihrtMlery  under 
cept.  Burch  and  major  Peter,  with  lAk  6  peuhden  dK)k,  mdchiff  an  aggre- 
gate df  3.900,  with  ir  pieces  of  artillery,  the  enemy  vat  nitbout  cavalry, 
midiadivo  »iMUJkUptmmllemtemi^K«r,iWBnifmett/  and  the  wiole 
comtry  neU  a^etiated  for  defend,  liimuebing,  and  to  imfede  tie  mareb  ef  a» 

^<The  ttt«wlh  \it  dm  %mj'ii  Cecity  wltit«trert»e1y>ipia»td;pt«c^itate. 
aM  oV^ra  'OicAdloriillr  gwAi  to  ctlfMilns  Of  toMpMiM  to  hmitj  on  -^km 
mea*  who  'wete  cKittnely  4fitigaMI  and  exkautted  ^befne  ibe  mtofkit 
pound  was  >«aehedt  near  the  SMtem  Biwch  bridge,  within  tfaei}i>tiitt«f 
Cdlumbia.*'t       •       •       •       • 

^'Q6\tiiM  <Motfe  Mifi'dr,  iN^Ithbiirc^meMt  of  Vii<ginla  niilltia,  eonpoBed 
of  mo  'hifkifti^  te<MldOe#^Try,  irrived  «t«he  ritjr  of  #a4iingten  hi  the 
twRightof  ^Aftwenh^g'of  the  93d ;  'heodlled  on  fiie  pfeiident-who«ifeff«il 
him  to  the  seentaejf  of  wturfor-orderti  tietttretaryiitifirmed-iim^fbatarftu 
emUdnotbeitadtbat»^bt,  iutgme,erikr»  to  reportibinuel^  to  eohmel Ctfrbeny, 
(fdrty  in  tie  IMnnStigt  wb  voiiuji^ttbUh  vtiib  arm*  im  ammuHitim,  at  be 
Viae  ebarged  witb  tbat  duty  by  gen.  Winder.  From  early  i>i  ^e  nevning  tilt 
lata in'the'ftofctooim* obi.  Mnw  soaghtcbl.  Gnbetry  di%ently.>butiieceuld 
not  he  firattL  He  rode  to  head-quarters,  and  obtained  an  order  from  ^n> 
Winder  lipdn  the  arsenal  ferarms,  &c. ;  marched  to  the  place  with  his  r^gi- 
itfeht,  AtadiistcMehenoddeOinmitted'toa  young  man.  Whose  tmitkm  in 
grvfb'g  ont^aAirii,  ttc.'Vlvy  taaJh^elayedlhe  aiMinr  %vA  'sapblying  Ibis  legi- 
metit'^     -  •       •       •       • 

'<  ^tiiie  distance  from  Benedict  to  the  city  of  Waal»Mn;ton,  by  Bladensbwpg, 
is  upWards  of  fifty  miles,  ^ke  enemy  viot  viitbout  b^ggtige-^aaggimfar  meant 
tf,'irlitii^taiionf  bitMcfemUb  exbautted  naiib 'fatigue ;  ma>g>  eompelled  tb 
fiatiie  i^anti,  <akd^»amh)Mj^xettiam  wed  to' keep  atbeh  in  mttkin  /  and,  at 
ff'unaUe  to\fmrtm'-tm  >firett,  nimukud  on  tbe  iatUe  'ground:  the  enemy's  ad- 
vance  reached  the  city  eboet -eight  o'cloek  ki  the  eveniog,  the  battle  having 
ended  about  t«ro  o'clock,  or  before.**i|        •       ■•        •        • 

"The  enemy,  on  the  evening  of  the  95th.  madf  Hfyt  greatest  exertions 
to  leave  the  dty  ilkf  ^Waiihhigton.  Yhey  had  about  40  indifcrcnt  looking 
horses,  10  or  19  carts  and  waggons,  one  ox>cart,  one  coach,  and  several  gigs. 
These  Hveie  neist  to  BtedeaitMrg  to  move  o^T  the  "woalfidod.  A  drove  of  ^ 
or  70  clittle  preceded  this  petty.  Arrivtsrg  at 'Bladtnsburg.  the  British 
s4r|^n  Wasordetrel  t»tefe6t  the  wounded  who  could  walk ;  the  forty  bortet 
vxre  mounted  by  tbote  vbo  could  tide  ;  *be  eartt  and  viaggani  loaded/  and  upoiardt 
of  90  wounded  left  bebind.  About  12  o'clock  at  night  the  British  army  passed 
tkroagh 'Btatdensbaig ;  and  parties  continaed  until- morning,  and  stnigg^ers 
until  after  mid-day.  Tie  retreat  of  tbe  enemy  to  bit  thipping  vMt  preeipititevnd 
aj^rhttty  under  an  alarm :  and  it  is  supposed  that  it  was  known  to  him  that 
our  forces  had  mareHed  to  Montgomery  coQrt-honse.'*$      *      "•       '•      • 

*'  On  the  12th  of  July,  gen.  Winder  was  authorized,  i.i  case  of  menaced 


*  Report.,  page  ?1. 
li  Idem,  page  M: 


f  Idem,  page  23. 
$  Idem,  page  C^6. 


t  Idem,  page  86 


•  ': 


i 


74 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


OT  aetwd  iiivuioii.  to  call  into  gkrvke  the  whole  qaott  of  MuryUnd.  On 
thf  i7di  ftn.  Winder  wm  aothoriied  to  call  into  aotnal  service  not  I«m  thaii 
2f^ormoMithan  S»000of  the  drafts  assigned  to  hit  command,  to  form  » 
fulrmanent  force  to  be  ttationed  in  some  central  portion  between  Baltinieffo 
and  the  citf  of  Washington.  Qm  the  aame  4layi  ITth  of  Ji^jr.  g«ni  Windev, 
was,  Mthoriied  to  call  on  the  itate  of  Pennsylvania  for  SfiOO  ment  on  ViiK 
^ia.  9>000t  on  the  milifia  of  the  district  of  Colombia,  in  a  disposable, 
state.  SiOdO  t  together  with  the  6.0b0  from  Maryland,  making  an  aggreciate. 
force  of  13,000  drafted  miliUa,  3.000  of  which  ouiAoriMrf  to  be  called  iqto, 
actual  service;  the  i«sidiieiii«ase  of  aetasl  or  menaced  jfivasioit,  beM<U% 
the  legalisr  troops' estimated^  at  1,000,  making  16,000,  iad^eadisnt  of  ma- 
rines and  flotillifr>men.  This  was  the  nieasttie  of  defence  conttmplatcd  for 
the  military  district  No.  1(^  and  the  measwrcs  taken  ^  the  war  department 
up  to  the  17th  of  July  in  execnttbn  of  it.**' 

Bettruetion  of  Fort  WaihingUm. 

One  extraordinwy  cireumstanoe  attended  this  disastrous 
aflkir»  which  I  cacnot  refrain  from  stating  to  the  publie. 
Fort  Washington  was  oommanded  by  captain  D7Son>  when 
the  British  took  the  city  of  Washington.  He  had  receired 
orders  flrom  general  Winder*  in  case  the  enem^  came  into 
his  rear,  to  blow  up  tjhe  fort,  and  retreat  with  his  garrison. 
The  enemy  came,  ilis  orders  were  clear  and  explicit.  He 
obeyed  them — as  it  appears  he  was  in  duty  bound. 

For  this  act,  he  was  brought  to  trial— and  sentenced  to  be 
dismissed  the  service. 

I  am  no  military  man.  I  know  little  of  military  affairs. 
I  am  therefore  liable  to  error  when  I  pronounce  opinions  on 
them.  But  with  due  deference  to  this  court  martial,  where- 
of *<brigadier  general  Smith,  of  the  militia  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  was  president,"  I  cannot  but  believe  captain  Dy- 
son's case  to  be  peculiarly  severe :  and,  judging  on  plain 
principles  of  reason  and  common  sense,  I  think  the  sentence 
most  extravagantly  unjust.  Were  I  in  his  situation,  I  would 
appeal  to  the  world  against  such  a  condemnation — and 
«  make  the  welkin  ring"  with  my  complaints. 

Extract  from  the  Report  qfOenertU  Winder, 

"  I  kent,  by  major  Hite,  direetipns  to  the  eoramandinf;  offloer  effort  Waahington, 
to  advance  a  juani  up  to  the  main  roail  upon  all  the  roadt  leading  to  the  fort;  and 
in  the  evettt  ofhu  beings  taken  in  the  rear  of  the  Jort  by  the  ene<mj,  to  bbw  tip  the 
fort,  emdretire  acroas  the  fwcr.**— Report,  page  173. 

I  wish  to  have  it  understood  that  I  have  no  personal  know- 
ledge of  general  Armstrong,  general  Winder,  or  captain 
Dyson — nor  do  I  believe  I  have  ever  seen  any  of  them. 

•  Report,  page  3C. 


>the 


THE  OLITE  BRANCH. 

Ikparture  ^  Ckmral  I%ard  from  FlattAurg, 


75 


One  of  the  most  extraordinary  meMures  of  the  war— « 
measure  utterly  indefensibb, — bae>  aa  far  aal  know»  almost 
whdiy  escaped  censure.  It  affonis  one  among  ten  thousand 
instances^  to  prove  hoW  seldom  approbation  or  censure  is 
meted  out  with  due  regard  to  justice. 

General  Isard  had  an  aiany  of  about  8000  regulars  in  the 
MBlghbourhood  of  Plattsburg.  General  Prevosl^  at  no  very 
great  distanoe,  had  the  eomnwiid  of  about  14»000  troops, 
princi|»Uy  veterans.  Wfailethe  eyes,  of  .the  nation  were 
directed,  towards  that  quarter,  and  every  man  interested  for 
the  honter,  the  h«ppinei8»  the  independence  of  his  country, 
was  trembttngly  alive  to  the  future,  and  filled  with  the  most 
awfid  fiHrebodings  fd  ax  vinous  result,  from  the  fearful  odds 
agi^  our  little  mny,  amazement  and  terror  filled  every 
breast,  to  find  that  i  or  6000.  of  our  troops,  under  the  genend 
who  had  directed  his  utmost  energy  to  train  them  to  service, 
and  to  acquire  their  confidence,  were  ordered  to  a  remote 
situation,  on  an  unimportant  expedition,  in  which  no  laurels 
were,  or  probably  could  be,  acquired.  Thus  was  a  most 
invaluable  frontier  exposed  to  all  the  horrors  of  desolation. 

The  annids  of  wartare  present  no  instance  of  greater  fa- 
tuity. It  is  dilBcult  to  conjecture  what  could  have  been  the 
object  contemplated  by  this  wonderfid  movement  But  what- 
ever it  might  have  been,  had  the  utmost  success  crowned 
the  undertaking,  it  could  not  possibly  have  ^ATmpensated 
for  the  issue  which  was  to  be  rationally  calf '  lAted  on  at 
Plattsburg. 

The  result,  however,  was  highly  g^rious  to  the  nation. 
Nothing  could  be  more  fortunate.  But  this  does  not  tllmin- 
isb  an  iota  of  the  censure  due  to  the  mea^ y"'. — ^The  charac- 
ter of  an  action,  |;ood  or  bad,  is  not  affected,  except  with 
the  canaille,*  by  its  success,  whether  prosperous  or  the  re- 
verse. Many  of  the  wisest  schemes  ever  devised  have  failed 
of  success.  Many  of  the  most  absurd  and  M-idicuIous  have 
prospered.  But  every  man  whose  approbation  is  worthy  of 
regflurd,  commends  or  reprobates  a  measure  according  to  the 
wisdom  or  fdUy  displayed  in  planning  it. 

Had  geni  rai  Izard's  army  remained  at  Plattsburg,  and 
aided  in  the  discomfiture  of  governor  Prevost,  the  triumph 
of  the  United  States  at  the  Saranac  would  not  have  been  so 
transcendently  great.  Their  removal,  therefore,  how  absurd 

*  It  may  be  proper  to  state,  that  the  true  distinction  of  ihe  Canaille,  is  not 
dreu,  or  station.  It  is  mind.  There  are  meu  worth  ten  thouB«Dd  a-year,  who 
are  of  the  canaille. 


't. 


re 


soever  it  iv«s»  is  sulyect  of  the  most  w\qw  n^joi^ing.  It 
has  Rddcd  immehsely  to  the  laurels  toe  nation  ^lequired  in 
the  war. 


■Uir  .'v 


£O0fif. 


Tfci  Ifest  md  ftei^aps  the  OMist  |i*i6vouB  and  unpardonahla 
error  of  the  demoeratie  1MHlty--M  error,  phMhtaat  wMh 
valelal  conaoqwea^es  to  «h«   i««iMea  and  ei<6dit  Mt  the 
eumltry,  'waa^  depending  «b  loaiafor  Hm  aujnmrt  of  Oie  -war^'- 
ii>jMl  ^ferring  the  inpMitfaHiaftaxea  adequate  ^  ereet  th« 
mpentraeture  «f  puhUc  oredit  upon.  Thieiaroee  frontha 
niaeraUeftnd  peniieieaB  dread  of  ferfbHing  popolariCX)  anjl< 
l(*?i«f  the  veins  of  goveninien(-»a  d#ead  aften  the  parent  of 
the  meat  destructive  measures.    The  oonsequenee  of  this, 
^  tghlyveprehensiUe^mer  was,  that  the  loans  were  made  to 
Terj  «oiiMerahle  loss,  aud  that  the  puhiie  eredit  of  the  aa- 
tion 'Was  UMMt  lanentably  impaired. 


.;• 


i  HAMTStiiow  f^ne  through  a  review  of  <the  principal  emops 
and  fslUaa,  Abe  negieds  and  the  mJamanageiuMits  4if  the  de« 
meenKtie  party.  I  hanre  detailed  and  canvassed  them  with 
the  boidhess  and  ^dependence  xit « <ft  eeman.  I  hwi^  foHow* 
ed  41ke!Sound  adiviioe  4if >OtheUo  r 

Oh  mahjr  df  these  points  I  am  greatly  at  varii^nce  wilM^ 
men  of  powerful  .talents  bel<mging  to  that  party.  Some  dT 
my  facts  ^nd  qpininns  have  heen  c<mtroverto4  hy  a  critic  of 
considerate  acumen,  in  one  off  the  daily  papeiis.  |  iuive  ce^ 
examined  the  varinus  subjects  embraced  in  this  volume ;  and^ 
ii^ere  f  have  found  cause  to  dhani^e  my  opiniop,  I  have  un- 
hesitatingly done  so.  My  object  is  trutlij.  I  have  pursjiied 
it  steadily-^^ind,  as  fiftr  asl Qan judge  of  myselT,  without ^iip- 
due  bias.  Sut  1  well'know  how  dlffici|ittt  (s  f(^  human 
weakness  to  divest  itself  tff  prejudice  and  pgrti^itj.  '^p  the 
caudid  reader,  I  submit  the  deoi<3iqn. 

This  detail  of  misconduct  has  been  ap^i^fif!  tcfik.  iFar 
more  agree^Abk  would  it  have  been  to  have  depcq^ntr  J  .<m  the 
merits  and  talentaof  the  president  and  oth^rpuj^l^c  funetjippr 
aries.  To.  a  man  of  a  liberal  mind  it  is  ipfii|ite.ly.  pirt^reagree- 
able  to  bestow  the  meed  of  praise,  than  toi  deal  out  censure. 
But  a  rough  truth  is  preferable  to  a  smooth  fajsebood.  JUd 
wkAtever  chaner  we  have  of  arriving  At  the  hav^  pf  pcMP 
and  happiness,  depends  upon  a  fair  and  candid  examinatioH 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


77 


«if  oar8elfja»  wkkttk  matt  iirfkUibly  reaflt  in  »  «QBvietkH|»  thatf 
80  great  have  been  the  errorsy  the  fellies*  and  the  a.ia<tneaa 
on  botli  aMn,  that  mutual  fiu^yeneM  requtires  no  efliirt  of 
generaiitjr<^it  is  memly  an  aetof  simple  justke. 


m^ 


Buovc  I  quit  this  branch  ofaiyaubjeet»  itia  but  pro- 
per to  obstirvey  that  it  is  hardly  possible  to  ooneeive  of  a 
more  difficult  and  arduous  situatimi'  than  Mr.  JefTeraon  and 
Mr.  Madison  have  been  plaeed  iur  They  have  had  to  strug- 
gle with  two  belligerentSt  one  s^ipremely  powerful  by  landy 
and  on  that  element  holding  in  awe  the  obief  part  of  the  ci- 
vilized work  ^the  other  e«|Uidly  powerful  by  8ea>-and 
each»  in  his  rage  agiainst  the  other*  violating  the  dearest 
and  most  indisputable  rights  of  neutrals,  and  infiieting  upon 
us*  in  a  time  of  pretended  peace,  nearly  as  much  injury  as 
if  we  were  ranked  among  the  belligerents.  And  the  divi- 
sions and '  distractions  of  the  country,  with  the  formidable 
opposition  of  a  powerful  party,  embracing  nil  the  govem- 
ments.of  the  eastern  States  and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
citizens  of  the  rest  of  the  union,  must  have  caused  the  ad- 
ministration infinitely  more  trouble  and  difficulty  than  the 
two  belligerents  together^  The  federalists,  as  I  shall  show 
more  fully  in  the  sequel,  after  goading  the  government  into 
resistance,  and  vilifying  it  for  not  proeuring  redress,  thwart^ 
ed,  opposed,  and  rendered  nugatory  every  rational  eifort 
made  to  accomplish  the  very  object  they  professed  to  seek— 
a  degree  of  madness  and  folly  never-enough-to-be-deploredf- 


CHAPTER  IX. 

The  Federalists,  Federal  Convention  and  Constitation,  €lom' 
plaints  of  want  afenetgy  in  the  Constitution,  Disorgardccers 
and  Jacohim.  Mien  and  Sedition  Laws,  Ims  of  Power, 
Change  of  Views,  "i 

Havinq  thus  taken  what  I  hope  wUl  be  allowed  to  be  a 
candid  view  of  the  errors  and  misconduct  of  the  democratic 
party*  it  remains  to  perform  the  same  office  for  their  oppo- 
nents. And  t  feel  confident,  it  will  appear  that  the  latter 
have  at  least  as  much  need  to  solicit  forgiveness  of  their  in- 
jured country,  as  the  former.  In  the  career  of  mcdness  and 
folly  which  the  nation  has  run,  they  have  acted  a  conspioux 

H  f 


¥■■ 


Mil  ^itft,  ana  Maiy  (UHy  iiispm  the  pdn  WKh  tbti*  < 

III  the  ffldend  oonventloiiy  thk  party  vftda  evet^  puuible 
exertion  to  imer^me  ihe  energy  bm  iid  t»  thfa  aumri^  nf 
the  gei^eral  government,  and  to  endow  it  with  powers  at  the 
expense  of  the  state  govMniments  and  peo|^e«  Jiearing 
strongly  in  mind  the  disorders  and  convulsions  of  some  of  the 
if'^tf  tn-halintfed  »ep(fUic4  of  Greeee  aM  Itidyl  their  sole 
abject  of  dread  «^af«d  lo  he  the  biniada  tf  anaroby.  AM 
as  manldiid  llso  ginieraUv  find  it  dif&eiilt  lo  steeir  tha  middla 
ctf«Me»  their  apprehensions  of  the  S^tta  of  aMmdby  cifeeth* 
atty  blittded  them  to  the  dangers  of  the  Ohm-yhdiaidf  deamt«> 
ism.  ttad  they  possessed  a  <»»npletfe  ais^endency  la  the 
eoiiveiitifAiy  it  is  prohahle  they  woold  have  fhUen  into  tlrti 
eppMite  extre&ie  t6  that  which  deeded  the  tnnor  of  the  oon^ 
stiitttiM. 

This  party  was  divided  among  themselves.  A  small  bat 
Tfery  active  division  were  monarohistsy  and  utterly  disheliev- 
ed  in  the  effleocy  or  security  of  the  republican  form  of  go* 
▼<>!*nm0nt»  especially  in  »  territory  so  extensive,  as  that  of 
the  United  States,  aiid  embriiolng  so  numerous  a  population 
as  were  to  be  taken  into  the  calculation  at  ito  distant  period. 
The  remainder  Were  genuine  repubUeanu,  men  ctf  enlighten- 
ed views,  and  a  high  degi^e  of  public  spirit  and  patriotismi. 
They  differed  as  widely  from  the  monarchic  part  of  that 
body,  as  tton\  the  democrats.  It  is  unfortuhate  that  their 
counsels  did  not  prevail.  For  it  is  true  in  gov^mmenty  as 
in  dliiiost  all  cither  hoinan  concerns^that  safety  lies  in  mid- 
dle coulttea.  Tiole^st  and  impassioned  men  lead  themselves, 
and  it  is  not  wonderful  they  lead  othera  astray.  This  por- 
tion of  the  federal  party  advocated  a^i  energetic,  but  at  the 
same  time  a  republican  form  of  government,  which  on  all 
proper  occasions  might  be  able  to  command  and  call  forth 
the  force  of  the  nation. 

Tile  following  'etter  sheds  considerable  light  on  the  views 
<lf  Alexander  Hamilton,  who  tool  a  distinguished  part  in  the 
proeeedings  of  that  respectable  body— It  is  obvious  that  a 
president  during  good  behaviour,  which  was  a  fhvourite  fea- 
ture with  Mr.  Hamilton,  could  hardly  be  considered  other 
than  a  president  for  life. 

Nbw  Tome,  SCPT.  16,  IMS. 

**My  DBAS  sia— I  win  make  no  apology  for  iny  delay  in  awnreritig  your  inqui- 
ry Xkiae  time  nnee  made,  beeauie  I  eould  ofler  none  vMch  wwdd  mti^  myself.  I 
firvf  jroo  only  to  belies,  that  it  prosMdcd  from  any  ttunf  rather  than  wut  of  reapect 
o^  reeml.    1  thaU  now  contplv  with  your  request 

'<  The  higheit-toned  propoMtions  which  I  maite  in  the  convention  were  for  a/Mvw- 
(feM,  tmate,  alnd  jmknt,  dUtbig  goud  behathuri  a  houw  of  repraaentativea  kt 
three  jears.    Thoush  I  would  hav«  eahiKed  the  hiidfttive  j^«r  «f  the  feneial 


rWR  OLIVB  IRANCtr. 


fgrntntnttai,  ]rMlMMr«Mt«iiptateffthe«haHtioBor  Ik*  ilitoliiNnMulk 
'I^.^SS^^r^x  *V  •*^  "•  "^  P^f^^yM^S  eo((pdtM«i»  pprti  tfmj  viM. 
"Thbphn  va^  tn  mj  aonoe|idoB,  confix-niaUe  «itb<h«jM^tiMprv«fli  B 


n 


B«l 


ramr^ni* 


ibent  pttiiif  rapafeliiM*  i  tte  <eMilnl6l  MHtfta  of wMeh  an^'^ft  the  ^^BdptrdMtuit 


ordefi||«iiWeMtve>  i  j 

ion  mpciednc  tbe  exe^ve.  VUtibUmwhk 


dBoca  hy  ■  ratpauiUe  andttem^i 

"  A  ra^  was  taken  on  the  pr 
ia  fctoar  of  Hi  anong  ikM  V^^ 
qptiOBay  iwUvidiiato  wera  n 
tfuatioo  of  thf  l^nk 

VM^jTrClSfSUd  a|^ 

**l  mvf  ttaiy  then  aay  that  I  ner^  propoted  either  •  pruMent  or  aeuMv  Mf  iUb| 
■ma  that  I  neither  veeookmeBded  nor  nKdilitGd  the  JannftihtJoti  of  the«tate|#> 


«4ga<| I  nmr  $fi^  t^t  in .th«  aqmnM  of  the  diaeMUoaaij^  tkB  opnw^tiop,  «eitl|tt 
the  propo^tiwa  flutnrn  wit  Sir  d«|Mit^  nor  evipn  Aoie  voted  m  the  eaniei-  iliigei  of 
MUMeiictt,  MmeaiMideriad  aa  etMniaea  of*  Iklnltft  opfaiioft  b  thefropeaer  olr  r^- 
ter.  Ui^Mfiradta  be }»  www  wrt underainBd,  tUt^  wU^ a  ti»w  to  fiwa  lawiljlyt 
oont  exptoiiniAutal  ^ropocitkw*  nitgjht  he  made,  whUh  were  to  he  reeeived  merdj  a* 
■agieatMw  for  eoniideration;  Aeeordinriy  It  it  a  fiwt,  that  iuf  find  efthihm  wai 
Mi«w«ative  dwriH  fMheh«Ti«br/oatMe«pntafthe  iiiBroMnd  dpi^erto 

s  poblie  trauq,Qiintjr  incident  to  the  ^e<!^  or  a  magiitratf  or  hi*  degree  pt  permit!' 
•enejr.  In  the  pten  of  a  eonititation  which  I  drew  lip  while  tte  eonvention  wm  dt- 
liRg,  MdidahleoQimanieaticdtoAfr  MaittHm  about  tlie  «!(>•>  oflt,  portapa  a  dagr 
«r  two  ft%m  th«  oQee  of  indent  ha*  no  longer  duration  than  S^  three  yew*. 

**Thlk  plan  was  predicitted  upon  tfaei^  baua :— 1.  Th«t  tke  poUtieal  pnneiplet  of 
the  MOPb  of  tnia  connttw  wonU  ettdare  nothing  but  a  mpabliean  favenonenl. 
S.TMjMitbei|aimaii{iwt|o|iaf  thfteouMrr,  it  waaitteVriiht  and  proper  that  the 
republican  theorj  ahouM  have  a  &ir  and  luQ  trial.  3.  Tlutt,  to  toeh  ■  trial  it  wai  ea> 
aantlal  that  fke  gevemment  ahouM  he  ao  eoMtmeted  aa  to  give  it  aR  the  eneffjr  awl 
the  at«bU|y  reeoneUtoUo  irt4i  tlia  Brin^lplea  ^  that  th««f7<-'»"^TI|wiB  wero  «e  9¥ 
piakte  seatipimta  of  m  hcmrt :  and  upon  th«ia  I  tb«n  aotcid' 

**I  aincerdy  hope  that  it  nay  not  heraafler  be  diacowred,  tint  through  want  of 
■nflWeat  altcatian  loth^  lattldaa,  th«  e^iailnairtof  iep«Ui«<«  gomnnMnt,  even  at 
^emuttnTj  haaMthmit>CQ«ap>et!^  aa tatiifcntniy,  andaadaainTe  «a  soql4  b» 
wiriied. 


Tmonr  Pio&BBtirc,  Btf. 


Very  truly*  dear  ^» 


In  the  coaiiot  of  opiniMi  t|i»t  arose  in  the  eonventitm^ 
there  was  a  «o«t  iqq>eriQ«B  neeeaaity  (br  a  spirit  Qf  cmmpnh 
mise,  in  order  to  secure  success  to  iti  labours^— The  tenacil^ 
cf  some  leading  ment  «f  adverse  opinionat  had  qearly  ren- 
dered the  elfart  ahortivct  According  to  lUuther  MartiHf  Esq. 
«ne  of  the  Maryland  delegates,  the  convention  was  seyeral 
times  on  the  verge  of  a(younitaeot>  without  fidftUing  the  oh- 
ject  of  their  appointment.  But  the  good  fortune  of  the  nation 
prevised :  and  after  a  sessioa  of  about  C«ur  months,  tht 
•onstitutipn  wa«  finally  agreed  u9on$  aubmitted  to  pnbUf 
diseussiony  and  joyfully  accepted  by  the  American  people. 

The  fc4eral  party  immediately  tool^  the  reins,  and  admi* 
metered  the  government  of  the  United  States  for  twelve 
yean.  Jhiiimg  this  period,  iU  want  of  anffioient  energy, 
and  its  danger  from  the  state  governments^  were  frequent 
tuiyMts  of  impassioned  complaint.  Every  man  who  oppoeed 
tha  maamma  of  the  administration,  of  what  hind  soever  they 


mi 


1 1.' 


T.K 


■j'nii 

I  mt 

III 

11 

||i 

Ik 

11 

PI  i  'f  H  jlj 

f-M 

wM 

1 

IK 

0$  THC  OUVB  BltANCH^ 

Wf>r«»  or  f)mii  whatover  motivesy  was  stigmatized  as  a  4is* 
organlter  and  a  jacobin.  The  last  term  involved  the  utmost 
extent  of  huinan  atroetty.  A  j}Mobin  was,  in  fliet,  an  enemy 
to  soeial  ordei%-4o  the  ri^ts  of  property— 4o  religion*— to 
morals— and  ripe  for  rapine  and  spoil.    * 

As  far  as  laws  eould  apply  a  remedy  to  the  alleged  feeble- 
ness of  the  general  government,  the  reigning  party  sedn- 
londy  endeavoured  to  remove  the  defect.  They  fenced 
round  the  eonstituted  authorities,  as  I  have  stated,  with  an 
alien  and  sedition  law.  Bv  the  .former,  they  could  banish 
fh>m  our  shores  obnuxfous  foreigners  whose  period  of  proba* 
tioh  hail  not  expired.  By  the  lattr,er,  every  libel  against  the 
government,  and  every  unlawful  attempt  to  oppose  its  mea- 
sures, were  subject  to  punisbment,  more  or  less  severe,  in 
proportion  to  its  magnitude. 

The  alien  law  was  not,  I  believcn  ever  carried  into  opera- 
tion. It  was  hung  up  in  Urrorem  over  several  foreigners, 
who,  in  the  language  of  the  day,  wiire  rank  jacobins,  and  of 
course  enemies  of  God  and  man.  But  the  case  was  far  dif- 
ferent with  the  sedition  law.  Several  individuals  could  bear 
testimony  tmm  experience,  to  the  severity  with  which  its 
iutnctions  -were  enforced.  Some  cases  occurred,  of  a  tragi- 
comical kind,  particularly  one  in  New*Jersey,  in  which  the 
culprit  was  found  guilty  and  punished,  under  this  law,  (br 
the  simple  wish  that  the  wadding  of  a  gun,  discharged  on  a 
festival  day,  had  made  an  inroad  into,  or  singed  the  posteriors 
of  Mr.  Adams,  then  president  of  the  United  States. 

But  every  thing  in  this  sublunary  world  is  liable  to  revo- 
lution. This  is  proverbially  the  case  with  power  in  a  repub^ 
Kcan  government.  The  people  of  the  United  States  changed 
their  rulers.  By  the  regular  course  of  election,  they  with- 
drew the  reins  from  the  hands  of  the  federalists,  and  placed 
them  in  those  of  the  denMtcrats. 

This  was  a  most  unexpected  revolution  to  the  federalists. 
It  wbfrily  ehanged  their  views  of  the  government  It  has 
been  asserted  in  England,  that  a  tory  in  friase,  becomes  a 
whig  when  out  of  place — and  that  a  whig  when  provided  with 
ft  frfaee,  becomes  a  tory.  And  it  is  painful  to  state  that  too 
Bittny  among  us  act  the  same  farce.  The  government,  which, 
administered  by  therosei'^es,  was  regarded  as  miserably 
feeble  %nd  inefficient,  became,  on  its  transition,  arbitrary 
and  despotic ;  notwithstanding  that  among  the  earliest  acts 
of  the  new  Incumbents,  was  the  repeal  not  merely  of  the  idlen 
and  sedition  lawS:>  but  of  some  of  the  most  obnoxious  and  op- 
pressive taxes ! 

Under  the  effects  of  these  new  and  improved  political 
licws,  a  lioost  virulent  warfare  was  begun  a^nst  their  sue* 


THKiCRLIVE  BRANCH. 


"«l 


The  gftiflttfli  patrmiisMlby  aaddevoted  to^fidevd- 
isniy  were  mieeaiing  in  their  eflbrte  ta  degr«ie»  diMrtMli^ 
•o4  defiune  the  adiiiiiiMftitioii.  All  its  errom  were  indue^ 
trioiMfy  magniAed,  and  M^hed  to  the  mtat  jpevftrae  and 
wieked  motiTes.  Al|egatk>na  wholly  iinfhundedy  and  utterif 
imprahablet  w«re  reiteratod  in  regular  aueeeasion.  An  -af- 
moeteoilatani  wad  unvaryfa^g  oppoeition  waa  maintidned  to 
all  ita  imiDaaurea*  and  ^Mrdly  ever  waa  there'  a  aabotitnte 
vropoaed  fiir  any  of  then.  There  waa  net  the  alightest  al- 
lowance made  for  the  unprecedented  and  convulsed  atate  «f 
iheworid.  And  never  waa  thwa  more  ardour  and  energy 
di^ph^ed  in  n  atruggle  between  two  hoattte  nationa,  than  the 
oppoaition  muiifeatod  in  tiieir  attaeka  upon  the  advUiiatm- 
tkm.  The  awlM»  and  lanientid>le»  and  ruinoua  coiuaeqneneea 
afthto  warfare*  and  its  deatrueticm  o^  the  vital  intereatsof 
the  nation*  will  folly  appear  in  the  sequel. 


ical 


CHAPTER  X. 

BriUsh  Orden  in  CdnvHi^  wovem&er  1793.  EnfareBmmt 
a[the  Mule  of  1756.  €kneral  e^mow  thiw^hoat  the  VmUA 
StaUti 

Ai  the  ^ffleultiea  and  dangers  of  our  country  hare 
sprung  ttom  the  belligerent  invasions  of  our  riglitSy  I  shall 
commence  the  consideration  of  them  with  tbe  British  oMer 
ofl793« 

At  that  period*  during  the  administration  of  general 
Wadiingtmi*  the  fi^wing  order  waa  issued  by  the  British 
privy  council  :*--  •  ,  i 


m: 


*'  George  R.  Adtfttend  intlraetion,  to  all  alupi  of  war,  printem,  he. 

**  That  thcnr  ahall  attip  umI  detain  all  ihipa  laden  with  tisods,  the  pradnee  o^a^ 
•okmj  beknging  to  Fnuee,  or  earrying  prenriont  or  oMer'mpplies  for  the  u«e  of 
nieb  eoloniett  md  liall  bmg  the  lame,  with  their  eargoev  to  J^  ai4iadte«tiaB  i» 
oar  eoorta  of  admiralty.  ;  . 

<*  Bt  his  majesty*!  eomtnand. 
Skied,  **  HciT&T  DuwDAa."^ 

Not.  6,  1798.  ., 

)     - 

This  order  was  a  most  lawless  invasion  of  our  rights*  al- 
most unprecedented  in  extent*  and  incapable  of  pleading  in 
its  defence  the  right  of  retaliation*  so  hacknied  and  worn  so 
thread-bare  since  that  period.  In  a  few  weeks  it  swept  the 
seas  of  our  commerce.  Hundreds  of  our  vessels  were  cap- 
tured: and  many  of  our  merchants*  who  had  no  more  an- 
ticipation of  such  a  system*  than  of  an  attack  on  their  vessels 
by  the  subjects  of  the  emperor  of  China*  were  absolutely  re- 


m 


n»  OLEVB  BRANeV. 


m 


4hm<I  <o  b4ukni]itcy.    Tbe  Miiate  of  Emwp*  fbr  the  pr*- 
cadingfeBttry  f wraith  no  meMHre  iMoro  umu«;it>u.'le< 

Tile  oireunsteDoeo  ntlendlng  H  tery  htghijr  aggniTstdl 
tke  drtrago*  It  was  Isiuedl  oo  duideskiaoly,  and  wHh  tneli 
«M  •aUrafirdianry  dogreo  of  wereey,  that  the  ilnt  acioiMt  of 
Mb  oxiBtowie  that  reaohad  the  LoiidoB  oxohangOt  waa  oook- 
veyed  with  the  detaila  of  the  eaptnrei  it  anihatiiad  and  oe. 
fiMiiiMd.  And  the  Amerioan  niniater  at  the  eourt  of  St 
Jani6s%  waa  onaUe  to  proeare  a  oopy  of  it  till  the  tith  |«|f 
Deaember. 

TUt  lawleta  proeedaie  exited  nniTeroal  tadlgnatlcni  In  the 
United  States.  There  waa  a  general  ciaiMnir  fbr  ww  ^mfmrn 
all  parties.  Several  very  irident  nMasaroa  were  iMvei 
and  debated  in  Congresa— among  the  reat»  the  aeqaestration 
of  all  British  property  in  the  United  States,  for  the  pnrpocs 
.  of  indemnifying  our  merehants.  This*  i(  my  memery'  da  not 
deceive  me»  was  brought  forward  by  Jonathan  Dayton^  of 
Ifew  Jersey,  a  leading  man  among  the  federalists. 

WhUe  Congress  was  engaged  in  debating  on  Tarious 
modes  of  proeuring  redress,  the  preaident  arrested  it  in  its 
career,  by  the  nomination  of  Judge  Jay  as  minister  extraor- 
dinary, to  seek  radress  ft  .m  the  British  goTcmment. 

Hiis  '  ^r^ntuated  in  the  celebrated  treaty  which  heart  that 
ministec^fi)  f  .me,  against  which  volumes  of  denunciatiDns 
wore  )i  liUsiad  by  the  democrats,  with  numberless  gloomy 
cied  ;enif ^hig  predicttons,  on  neuiy  the  whole  of  which,  as 
i  have  atfoady  stated,  time  has  stamped  the  seal  off  fhlie 
pnipheey. 

From  this  period  till  the  year  1806,  the  collisions  between 
the  two  nations  were  inconsiderable. 

The  United  States  were  in  a  most  enviable  state  of  proB' 
parity  in  the  years  1800, 1,  2,  s,  4,  and  5.  No  nation  ever 
enjoyed  greater  happiness.  The  trade  of  the  country,  and 
particulariy  its  exports  lad  most  wonderfully  increased. 

During  Hit  first  four  ;v  ears  of  general  Washington's  ad< 
nhiiatawtion»  the  whole  value  at  the  exports  firaro  this  coan- 
try*  foreign  and  domestic,  was  below  100,000,000  dollars ; 
whereas  during  the  years  1803, 4,  9,  and  6,  they  were  more 
than  treble  that  amount. 


JGxyioitn.    Fmisicut.     *   Domvitio.        Tovaim 


ISQS 
1M4 
IMS 
WB 


ii^.i- 


SB»ft31,a00 
8S,171,OM 
00^983,000 


4S;flO$,900 
4l,M8,O0D 
48,387^ 
41>SI3,000 


USfiXTfiOO         l«r,314,000 


5f,RaQ.0OO 
77^600.000 

101,536,009 

330,601,00(» 


■4 


icoun- 

^Uars; 

more 


U 


IHB  OUVB  BBAIfGH. 


The  fi»Mis»  irlidea  wwrto  prineipilly  tiie  |roi«<tiox  of 
the  QoloaAM.al  the  etenieiyor  Oveetr  Britaiiit  ani  their 
euKHint  eieMei  Lwr  Jeile«tfri«  •  h%h  deareek  uMi  led  hel^ 
in  the  MUMMT  of  1«0A.  le  addpt  the  rule  oftfae  triv  «f  fn$t 
whieh  reidered  iliegil  Biijr  eomneree  esirried  di  hf  e  im«* 
trel>  with  the  eehieiee  ef  e  hettigereeti  dttrite  yme,  wMehi 
had  imt  been  peiMtted  dering  peeoe.  This  miewu  eerrM 
into  dpertttdm  withoUteajr  previoiie  noti^r  'hecehjr  olir  yee^ 
sell  end  ^ra|ierty:  te>  ea  ImaMine  mine 
ried  inte  Britieb  perie-- tried  and  cc 

A  eireoikistaiiee  atteaded  thie  transB 
aggravated  iite  ii^atfcee.     It  was  ia 
preyioaeiBBiifaMef  the  BHtieh  dMUrtaot  aidminMfi  HUtk 
had  legaited  in  the  eleluvst  and  nMist  «xplieit  nwnner^  th« 
trade  now  preecribM  and  eabjeoted  to  eondemaatlon. 

In  order  te  diaplay  the  groasimprepeiety  ef  this  preeednre 
of  the  Britfadi  gevemment,  and  ita  ntt^r  ineeneistenef  with 
their  preceding  epndnet  and  deeiafom^  I  annex  aatntMdent  of 
the  repoirt  of  tne  king's  advocate,  on  aniMiplication  made  to 
faiai  in  March,  tS9ii  at  Um  inetanee  of  Runs  King,  Em.  onr 
minister  at  the  court  of  8t  James's,  en  eertain  cases  where- 
in this  rale  of  17  A0  was  attem]pted  to  he  enfwced. 


A  tmitif 
iStWty  wtth 


«  Mart  of  rape;!.  £at  (rriUR  PftODUCB  OF  THE  C0tX)NlE8  OF  THE 
mBNBMY  may  SB  IlilffOmTED  AY  A  NBirrilAL  INTO  HIS  OWN 
"OJUNTBY.  .\N»AtAYBB  BBeXKUlTBD  FBOM  THBNCB,  BVEIT 
«T0  T^  MnWB^OUNTKY  OF  SUCH  COUINYt  AND  Ul  UKB 
<*llANIfBni£ytmt>RODUCB  AND  MANUPACTORES  OP  THE  MO* 
<«THBIUX)inlTnY  MAT,  IN  THIS  CIBCUITOUS  M01>B,  LEGALLY 
"  FIND  THEIR  WAY  TO  THE  COLONIES.  TIm  diraot  tfwi^  hoMwr,  be- 
<*  tween  Uw  mothet^eoontnraiid  lu  ouloniMy  Ihm  aot,  1  apprehend,  been  reeoipuwd 
<•  (■  ImJ,  cidier  bj  bis  iBiOfl^y*!  MvenuMmt,  or  by  hb  tribonell. 

••  WM  be  direct  tnrie, .  or  what  anwMli  to  ea  inunaertiMe  iiBi^oclktioB  li^^ 
"  neutnl  eoontiy,  tun  •Ometimea  be  a  voeMioB  of  some  diflieul^.  A  nnendl  diA< 
"nitkn  of  either,  q>pUflabla  to  all  eaaei,  aannot  well  be  hid  down.  Tbieqaeitioo 
M  Auat  depetad  apea  tlie  peKiealat  dranutaneea  of  eaah  eaae.  PeilUipa  die  nmf 
« tooahiM  fat  the  mutral  oountry,  to  take  ftcih  elearaneeib  nwy  proMrlriw  eoeiider^ 
"edaaamuidolentenMioQ,  andiiineffeetthe  direct  trade;  but  the  higheourt  of 
<<  Ndailraltf  haa  espreaHv  dteided /amil  see  noreaaon  toexpeettbattheeoitti.  ofap. 
«  pcda  will  rarjr  the  nile)  that  CCJIomifoj-  theg9od»  and  jNV^  <*•  <hi«iM  <m  M* 
"neutndcmmtr^t^reaktthe  cmtinutty  Sf  the  vm/agt ;  andUtueh  an  importation 
"  a*  UgaMteo  the  tratk,  atUhtmgh  the  goede  be  re-th^d  in  the  tame  veetel,  and  en 
"  aeeoHHi  tfike  tame  neutral  pftprietart,  and  be/erwatded  /br  tak  te  the  fMoMtr- 
"  nuntiyj  or  the  colom/.'* 

"  Aa  extraet  from  thia  report,  soati^niiig  the  fbrcgoing  patiage,  Wat  fiwiiimtned 
by  the  duke  of  Porthmd,  io  a  letter  of  the  SUth  Marob,  tSOl,  to  the  lorda  eommit- 
sMhera of tf* admiralty.  Bia  graee^ letter^ eoariudes (huf :  "In  ovder,  diecefiire, 
to  put  a  itup  to  the  ineoavenieneet  arising  irom  thew  ercoMoot  wBteoeM  of  the 
viee  adiliiralty  eoorti,  I  have  the  honoar  to  siniify  to  your  lordihipi  the  kiiu^a 
pleawre,  that  a  oommanioatiim  ef  the  dootrioe  laid  rtown  in  the  said  report  riiaald be 
immiediatelv  made  1^  your  lordddpt  to  the  teveral  juilgea  preiidii^  in  them,  aettiqg 
forth  what Ta  heU  to  he  the  luw  upoa  the  sulgeet  by  the  superior  tnbunals,  for  their 
future  guidance  aud  directioD."* 

*  itetter  fi«n  Mefsta.  Monroe  and  Pinkney  to  brd  Howiok,  dated  August  20,  1806. 


'■/■••/-■'Mil 


ir, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/. 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


n  izo 


^  ""    -12.2 

Hi 

lU 
u 

I''     u 
Wteu 


6" 


HiotDgra{Aiic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WISr  MAIN  STMET 

WnSTIR,N.Y.  14StO 

(716)  172-4303 


4^ 


M 


THE  OLCVB  BHANCB. 


I ! 
I  < 


Tto  dnpredatkMii  aWrIi  stitea  eieitod  ifBivittMl^  indigtt- 
tiHD  ttomglMMit  the  Uioted  Slatei.  v  iThe  nei»aa^  part  of 
the  eoniniiiiity  wore  exas^enit^  l»  the  atvosl  dei^e;  ■  The 
sdaiiiiBtrAtHmiviiB st^mttli^ed  m  cqiudly  renrdieBS of  the 
honour  Md  the  interest  of  the  natiini,  'for  tiot  vesiitiiw  ^se 
preteiirioii»4md  w^  pcoenrii^l^  radreas  for  4he  depredations. 
A  reenrceiiee  to  the  fazettea.  of.  that  period  will  ahoia^'that 
the  ^foderal  partgr  -waa^^then  daitaoeeuB  for  wav^  if  redreaa 
eoiild  Ml  he  praenredifor  grieranoea  inaoBupainiily  leaa  than 
those  that  finally  proyiaked  the  late  deeiarai^on  iii  %ar«  But 
it  majK  heeaidi  and  with  some  degpree  of  truth,  that  neirs. 
papers  ?«yre  an)  equivooal  eriterion  of  the*,  pvhlie  ^i^ion. 
ThM  1  aduit.  And  >I.8h»!l  lay  before  the  reader^ther  and 
molt  unerring  preofo^iftke  lueroantileteniper  of  thie  period* 

Meetings  jo^, the  merchants  were  held  fai  almtet^all  the 
eommereial  to«rns .  and  eiti'ie  in  the  United  States^  ^  The 
aniyeet^ was  ekM|ttendy  disenssed.  Strong  memorials  were 
^tgreed.  «pon»r  ni«gin|(  the  prei^ent  and  eqngrsss  to  adopt 
suefa  meaauimi  as  might  be  neoessary  to  proeure  redress;  In 
these  memoinalft>  whp^  were  fionehed  in  the  most  emphatical 
lai^age*  the  pretensions  of  Sngland  weretreatedas  notfor 
removed  f rom  aetmd  piracy *i^as  opening* door  to  the  most 
flagrant  fhiuds  and  impositiona-- as  unworthy  of  a  great  and 
magnanimous  people--<«nd  as  derogatory  to  the  reputation 
and  honour  of  an  indepMident  nation  to  submit  to.  .  The  ad- 
ministration was  in  the  most  impassioned  sl^le  inv^ed  to 
realist  9uch  pretensions  j^  and  the  memorialists  generally 
plei^geA  tbemidvei  moat  aofmnly  to  aumpmrt  it  in  the  attempt. 
As  I  shall  devote  a  separate  chapter  [the  18th]  to  the  eon- 
sideration  of  the  policy  of  the  mercantile  part  of  the  natum, 
I  shall  not  here  inquire  bow  far  these  pledges  were  re- 
deemed* 

These  memorials  are  immensely  important  in  the  forma- 
tion of  a  correct  estimate  of  the  policy  of  our  government. 
I  shall,  therefore,,  make  very  copious  extracts  from  them. 
They  are  most  pre<»ous  docuroenhi,  and  present  **  a  round 
unvarnished  tale'*  of  the  outrages  experienced  by  American 
commerce,  and  the  extravagant  pretensions,  as  well  as  the 
lawless  depredations  of  Great  Britain. 

*  •*  It  cannot  become  the  integrity  of  a  great  nation,  to  fnj  i^o»  tbt  tm- 
pntemdfrtf^r^ofafrimUjpmer?*  ^ 

'        -'      '    ■  <Beiton  Mcinonal.} 


J.  J 


\b0  tm- 


TISK^iiyi;  BlUKCH. 


if 


N 


pif  tfi  ^jff¥Kmmv9ma  of  lb*  gnevanc^  inweteil  1^ 
mt,   Th«gF.st«tB  that, 


to  ir4>TVS  M#IIE'  AL%tlMilfG.  U«A1f8B>  IfOAfi  KI7MBS10U8 

AND  K3(TB|VSnrE  D£TENT1Q|I»  ANQ  CQI^DSMNAIIOI^  ^ 
AMBRKiAN  VlS^BLi  Vt  01t£  AT  BRITAIN  ;  »ii4 1»  a^veit  to  tl|e 
iwfodpletnetntljr  «r<Mr«d,  wid  aidofi^  Inr  liie^  Man*.  iiUfiXif  to  newrtl 
ttario  iaaMklw  of  celottiil  pnroaaM;<^n)^lki   Wlikh,  if«4miciMi«  «t 


JMTM^CEOFOIIR     ^ 
MmMm  tiiitlntfHMOli  vli«iiall)r  ilMAdbpii  iibtf  qoently  to  Arir  iiint 
sv<Mru»>jMiM  dkrjiy  m'MirmMaii  mii1meitria»^mr',-mi  diMinK  the  prMi< 
oMiM  aC«  taMe«^^  (•iMttMirdlitf^  awif  <Mfci^  Wte^fe  <tfyag  bnkirliith 
tniU.  WMa  «t  A«i  time  M^tkmfil  Jhy  tfw  turdayrtgated  dfcirion»ij|f  her . 
CMHrth^ftiii  iif' M^offioM  cgodiwiieaiaita  lioitt  (Bpie^^^ 
01*  fifljr  t!»irenuilditr  whkli  it  now  ifteiikpthir  to  dtjitfoy  ft,  ukd  wHliht 

MwpNMiMt  li  gr>  AiriniiiLAn*  or  crsAtp^t  DniQusH  tm, 

O^OttR^R  or  NBVTRALllATIOlfS. 

'AThMd  fi  giMi  ^Mie  to  npmiifnti,  tjtm  .Ae  Rritiili  gvimipit^t  lattm 
to Mt  im M •  Mliii^le,  «har  &•  luus riidit  tplntcvdict  all  cwftnevee hf 
iunmifi  t*  IMfifiM«f  li(Bt'(te8ifllii(^wUA^|i^  n«t  bMn  obeni^  pre- 
viowly  t»  Ac  «MiiilelicepiMWt  of  lioi^^  ihe  pennifllk  trod* 

wi^*i|imili  fiW'dogitfe.  iMhw  «  Mghttoptc^eribotbeUalltaor  itt  to 
iM>«i^K«l«  Hm  WMt^  of  <|ejiiiMc^  f$ojKl(Pif4re  i^  aiadlf  ivdi  ^it«i6«n 
be  a«t  tiw  MtiM  dispeeitlMi  ortte  brbpcrty  !n  tlM  neoWnl^  fiffittjk.tp  «eii- 
^ler  tkjB  meidMadise,  cten^fter  4ne-Inlport*M<m  bt»fOtbiBltdibyiitlter 
liaVi«K  ^Mmi  bnnMi  ^I^cm^i  wanihetiied.  end  tt^uis  darica  pild  oa  it.  «i 
(£3^  ei^i*  ik  «iq{fe  df  a  4f«ffi^ 

cr*«DiMM7,  <r  Wgr  «e^  /  iM  tlici«f<we  Ule|«l«  tad  liplllf  to^MMMMvymtioti. 
.  '  "  In  etotf  ii^rtdiMcs,  ydinr  membri«liil{e  find  flr^  ttett  «aiN&,  m  Atkrfirtt 
ptM^JranilitiXiiiiiiSum  tf'Mtmpi^  armm;emritiiia  if  Attf  eeme, 

lAt  tmmy  oftahn  tf»  MRgfrtnt.  In  atwHicr  initaaoe  tlicy  linvi  wKiKsacd 
n  v«iMd  dji^aNMi  Mid  condeiOMd  iMder  «&e  mott  JH^tembm  fn»it,  when  in 
the  i^9Mcil4crai  of  M  Apl^io^cageid  and  permitted  ttade,  nad^  circnnttan- 
cea  whh^  ^aiAimvrixy  ibidpw  t^dpnltt,  wto  tbefttidi^ihiiiHm^tfi  «^- 
Mlt  tfoidmi&p  Af  tic  omara  ar  tfe  mmo/  jikcmIm  ^tkppaifHet. 

*' Tli^fawiiutsnpea theyhtve theaclit  It  nevdfal  to" notfee.  in  oid^ 
to  de^MM^nve,  tli^  nttlcst  the  nreaent  ^ipo^en^  Ae  British  ndmitait^ 
cdnftt,  and  UMy  oAefefi,  can  be  eomutratted  aarfrwwmft  a  widely  diapened 
and  anpfittccted  conmeice,  extending  to  rverj  niAnn  of  the  rloMt  wUl  only 
•erre^  TO'tHVITE  DBPRKDATIOK,  TO  BANKRUPT  OUR- 
miVjfy*  A)U>X]lRtCH  OTMRR^.  VHTIL  SUCH  COMMERCE  BE 
SWEPT  PROM  THE  PACE  OP  THE  OCEAN,  and  tewrc  aathing  in  Iti 
stead,  but  Matimeau  of  h  wdlitr  and  acta  of  contention. 

1 


I't     * 


m  TBS  <»4n  ntAMCH. 

**  A  tiKit  tllOI$HHttlt  tOptrtttHU&M  WHt  .ttnuHm  ttmfnMil^ttt  tut  ftrnitoyoKf 
mtwmiaiuu  tnut  are  matt  af  thmmumam,  mM,  ib^mM^ktiiffr>  AN 
A«A<«l>ONMSNT  or  RIGHTS  CUPeKLT  RiC^«nZKP.  AN9  A 
BfcRELICTION  OP  THE  MD8tlim)RTAHt  COBQilReiAL  111*. 
TXRESTS  OF  OITR  COUNTRY. 

*•  ReMon,  Mid  the  mett  powcrfia  eonaicteratiam  ,ef  •nriMr,  •nMa.H  m 
(I>  A  DUTY  ON  THE  UNITED  STATES  TO  OPftiSK  THESE  PRE. 
TENSIONS,  forcifcamttAooMl  M  fhta* MMMan,  p^alMMi^iHr  Inmtwe* 
ly  extended  and  fertile  territory,  producinf  mottlT  the  He^efHuries  of  life* 
whicht  jvi^  4|M  meichendiif  obteined  from  idifoad  hjr  th*  IhAntrjr  Mdl  <»• 
terpriu  either  citisent,  she  i»oU{ged  to  bikrter.  o#  f eniiih In  pftraiMikfe  Air 
iaip9«utie|w  jf  <eMini;p*od«eo  or  auHi|hciHN«  i  ^Uhibemltrmmm- 
ctufy  to  emeaa/nr  tki  ^St  ^m  ifm  cbmimrcv  tt  imuctiit  wh^ettt  Artiiem  Sthr 
tuatetuthtnartmUingtomSuird  it,  anihntffi  fnr  If  thOilghtlienot  b«di 
diimed  end  admitted,  wiureely  *tij  of  the  Enfepeaii  peWtH  esnittAttwe  tb 
«inf«^in  warfiure:  viiAamtntMM.tktUHit^  SttnUtt  m  vfpmtiim  AetA  <» 
A«r<rftrftaii^,«MAM  a:?*  EITHER  A  VICTlli  OR  Fi^TT  IN  THE 
'CONTEST.     ■■  .  ':,^..^  .   , 

'•Your  iAfra^vialUtt  eeoeeive  thfi^  pretensioniT affatd  coattahi MoNet 
of  eoUfuan*  coiMlnnal^  teatof  to  In^otve^  thescr  tfateit  Itt  the  Umo  6f  Euro* 
peanwars;  aadwonld  oMlcithe1|;oteriMMBt,:«i.  thooecviRoaee  of  sock 
wart,  speedily  %o  unite  with  one*  or  other  of  tho  Mftie«,. |a  order,  that  th«i 
oi^mefce  of  the  ooiinti7  lirtight  lAwii^ly  ^inkl  itieu  of  tom#  dm«c  of  m^u^ 
rity,  from  the  pvoteeiion  which  itr  own  forpe,  and  that  i/t  itiMllti.  ^onid 
afbtd.  To  tiiiiagfate  of  things;  year  memorialiattbelieTe  it  ca«i  MidMnrlMI 
tiio  tntereet  nor  widi  of :«bieSntiih  tpveftnaMnt  to  xednec  oer  cowMyy*'  -o  4 
»  The  most  tenacioM  a^vpcatMJw  M**  "(Kts  of  holUgeisnjbi.  «imit»  itnt 
donag  war,  nentiali  h«ve  ftjright.to  enjofin  the  afmOit'!iatita#er>^  tndo 
to  wlkich  they  had  been  aeeostMned  iniimcsofpiiiaee^  NoWif  thebdl%^ 
rent  hwi  the  right  to  Itloekade  an  Oxta^iMd  H*  coast.  Mid  to  (Sijf  rxcMr  mm* 
trjU»fr«mfptrht^.:J^  irf(j^nep*  Aarsr,,  f «t,i^f|,  (Ar  ftue  oi>i|  tkt  Fimtehpm* 
in  tht  chaimtl  Airiiif  the  latt  v«r«/  iiofr  can.the  oei^rid,«fi|^.Mi  nswdpfeiiMB^ 
tmle  in  its  greatest  latitqde,  ^olOfs  this'^priy^tion  is  hali^d'hy  aaofher 
twic,  which  is  opensd  to  him  ds^igtfir  wair  T--*As  to  tli«'|h^mirit<^irial  i4^ 
of  search  into  theowa<nhip^([^ne«tral]r''^'myset,pqp,jlnr^^^ 
s«d  the  doietrine  appended  to  it,  that  a  n-  .*mporter  shall  |M!ft  agUn  ex- 

pert his  mods*  h«t  that  they  sh^  be  ^i  tted  and  Pfsspd  ^.,<4ie  pee« 
sesaioiiof  others— your  meoKuri^ists  odtwe  jtbem  toM  VNSQyN |>,  IN 
POINT  OF  PRINCIPLE.  OCFENSIVR  IN  PRACT|q|..Alfp  NUGA>t^ 

TORY  IN  eifect:;,. '■:-*-,  , -.    -   ^^.-i 

••  Yoar  nfomorialitts  would  "tth  reluctance  bdieve  that  ^IJlie  sacred  trJibu> 
ni^  of  justice  harrMcome  ^  dbservient  to  motives  of  poUi^  o]||iedie«ey. 
more  especially  .in  a  nmion  whoss  judiqiM  proceedings  hf  ye  frequently  de< 
served  and  cOmmaiMied  the  respect  of  aUciviUMd  oouhtiioSi  Yet  tjhey  hfow 
not  easily  h^w  to  ricoodle  on  any  other  grbqnds,  tiie  cOninidUcto|^'pro«k«!(^' 
dings  oC  the  Ontish  admiralty.coiirtt,  doriflgthe  last  and  present  war.       ■  «> 

••  At  any  raie,  whetiier  the  doctrine  were  sound  or  not,  or  whotl|er  it  inja-^i . 
red  Great  Briti^n  or  cot,  it  cannot  become  the  inwgrity  «^  magiianlasity  of  - 
a  grfat  and  powerfal  nation,  at  once,  and  without  no^,  to  reverse  hejK 
rule  of^coaduct  towsrdJk.other  states,  and  £}*T0  PREY  UP0N  tJ^E  i7N- 
PRO-iiCTED  PRpPEHTY  OF  A  FRIENDLY  POWER;  tlw  extension 
of  whose  commerce  h'ad  been  invited  by  the  formal  avowal  of  Wintentfona. 
and  proseoitcid,  under  a  reliance  on' her  good  faith,  and  Ma  th(i  eonl^feace 
repose4,  thi^  )iu  coOrts,  uniform  :bs  their  principles,  would  aAvtr  fas^inflfKi^ 
ccdbytM  tim»servingpoUtits  of  the. moment.  / 

M  la  all  events,  fully  relying  that  the  subject  of  our  differences  whh  GVeMt 
Britmn  wUl  vnsffjvr  tht  due  eenttiiratioh  efft/etrmuM  i  and  that  sach  mevsurea 
wi|l  19  ceniequeace  btproniftljf  flciq^i^  as  wUI  uad  to  D|SXBIBAR|KA^Si 


TRB  OuIVB  BEANCH.  If 

OUR  0OMiniltB«.AitKRT  OUR  RIOHTft— AND  SUPPORT  THE 
DIGNITY  OP  THI UNITSO  STATES.  "» 

••  Tott  #«ttwri»l|il9  k«v^  tiM  lumpar  t*  t«wdii»  ft>  Whalf  tf  ikait « 
tMoto  ud  fMi'ii^Ml^'Mi  most  M^tttfUlf, 

jMMft  Llojn^  Jwi,  „  Jolm  CoAa  Jobm, 

\      David  Amm*  Gcoige  Cabot, 

JknmWtOM,  TlM«M  Ji.  P«il49*. 
lp»a»id  SMrt,, 


80,1106. 


!rd  ^  ilicMrial  1  r^napt  tHe  pttrCi^idir  ttteiitioii  of  tlie 
reider.  |t,#itB  th«  act  w  themeroliAiiip  AT  Bdtton  iA  geni- 
nl.  TI|e  8dt«it.Keotl«iiMB  whose  oigfeillitreo  ore  ooibsoribedf 
woty  i>|0>^|y  K'bottlirilMio'P  to  reprtooint  tiiiO  oMroMtile  eorpiw^ 
No  iM^  oaa  priteiid  fbferm  a  oomot  optadda  <rti  the  conduot 
of  the  two  partieo  that  divider  the  uatkniyWithoat  beiugfiilly 
poasewed  M  tlie  tenor  of  this  and  the  oUier  similar  documeiiti. 
Besides  the  eontents^  i  Wish  two  <^tbe  signatures  to  be  most 
partioulariy  advertod  to.  They  ai«  tlrase  mt  George  Cabot 
m^  Jamiis  lioj^d,  ion.  who  have  b^h  acted  t^nni»picuoiis 
parts  in  the  rMentainfis  of  the  United  States.  The  former 
geiftleiBMn  was  a  member  of  the  convention  ftt  Hartford^ 


wftiMfO  |ifolfeised  Ol^t  Was  to  form  sbme  asaoeiation  among 
the  eomteereial  stiles  for  the  «protec(tbii  qf  eommereej" 
against  the  libstUity  of  CDvermnent 

These  geutiemen  exiMueitiy  state,  that  unliesa  « tkt  prewnt 
dispoHtumt**  that  is»  tlie  ^position  in  1805,  (for  as  the  re- 
monstrance was  dra^d  in  Jatauary,  1806,  it  miybvt  refer  to 
the  proceedings  of  Uie  preceding  year) 

**  CMTlte  Rtitiah  adminltjr  contt^  and  mvy  ofioen  can  he  cwmteraBWd  aqd 
twiiond,  <  «idt^  (Utftrted  mdwifnttcttdtommtnt,  txtaidiMg  t»  mitry  n^mtf 
tkegldt,wWt  (N^  serve  to  invite  depredation, to  aAniufot*  ouiuii.vsa.  aits 
uaieH  OTMSift,  ontii  sneh  conmeicc  be  tw^  Crom  tUe  fiM  of  Am  ocean.** 

They  farther  stile,  that 

r^kt  tifmiikf  netgmiwtd,  mtd  a  pbrkliotioh  or  tM  most  itaovtAMT 
ooMitjtmoia,i>  mta»aaT«  or  ouft  oovMYitT.** 

And  they  add— 

**  RcaaoB  and  |tae  moet  powerfal  conridiratioiii  of  cfdtjr  enjab  it  at  a  tbug 
m  lAc  United  Sttui*  toaffoH  tkfttp^muiant,'* 

And  that 

9htM  frmmoiu  0f  "uiimmdiit  femt  ^prbtg^t  tgmuim  in  pMMkttt 
aadmigiuaryintffttt." 

And  to  ca]p  the  climax,  they  explicitly  charge  Great  flii^ 
tain,  with  something  not  far  nom  piracy,  or 


^ 


JHB  0UV«  HANOa. 


m 


FRICNDLY  POWKR."  .  x        ,     .,    >:.       ..    ,      -       0. 


This  cftii^  «6  MMAj^  Rnd  so  solemir, 
strength  apd  solemnity  a  pledge  Qjf  sajbj 

"Sf  whtt 


.w 


those  gentlemen  and  their  firiends, 


irlth  eqiial 

It  behoves 

^Ki^f  ftr  %hat 


Vm^  vfUfd  oip  p^pbliohria  lh#  fi^  ot  jklwir  oowit|74  to 
point  oqt  aipjr  om  imtaneoin  wJiieE  th^f  kiii||loif  aid  jb^  tbo 
n^efiinieiit  in  tM  fwnHiit  pf  redress*  txr  reoeeiMid  tne-aplBaNi 
pMge  th^lie^  out  to  ttieir  country  and  Wt^^iMM^o* 


BxtraisU  fmm  Mw-Wark  MnwruU, ,    SqimUf  eai^itii  ami 

^pointed  with  that  jh^n  Bo^on,    Iks  jpraiMpM  ^  Grui$ 

,  JiHteiM  a  vioIaHoti^e^  tht  tow  y  «a(i<»M.    4  ilr^iv  ««• 

lierefflfrfOrif  cattfor  rentkmee  on  tM  port  qf  iftojw»«ram<>il» 

Arfenia  ptet^  ^  t»ppor<.     Irsiq;  mid  mgMctoMfi  iist  ^ 

SigMTS.  ' 

.  **  They  hKve  been  jMdenly  confbRmdad  by  uiiexpee{ked  tnt^gnio^  vT  lib  aru 
reiMlisit,  M  fAe  Jlptf*  tetUf  .^ alarjv  poriunjf  their fn^er^  wkt^kadieem 
Mbat^'iit'iStiiuituimipktit^etiijf^^  t%«feelMg»«(fy(MritwM«teliflte 
are  not  only  excited  by  the  loMW  vhieh  they  havtt  astuftlty^MOiaiMi  i|  eoM> 
sequence  ova  measure  insusceptible  of  previous  cakulation,  bat,  also,  from 
theslkteef  uneertahity  iniriilch  t^are  ptaeed with veapeot  tsliitmBcem- 
Akereial  operations.     

**In  iH  lecent  daeisipok  whicb  prohibits  an  inporterbf  ooloiual  ptoduoe 
btm  esportinif  itto  EiirQfMv  they  perceive  with  oonoem,  i^ytithir^  c  nm«<0iy 
and  vexathut  regulati»n,  QCJ  vrn  mediutteil  bUm  at  wftof  fAqr  deem  an  tncensw* 
(iM?  and  voAioA/e  r(fA(.  , 

«  If  the  arrival  or  a  ship  in  the  country  to  wiiich  iibelongs;  the  Imdiiflf  of 
fhettwgoi  <lhe1nspeeiiotkofthe«Q»t0in<liouiei  Ihe^ii^nmitorlnouvityMdii- 
ttest  do4MttternihMte  a  ^^^V*^  li>Bn  ««  eonftas  oar  ignqwpwe  On «  point, 
whidi,  never  having  been  Defore  mestioned,  (has  hom  aawmedhy  aa  ■•'■b 
acknowledged  truth.  If  the  entry  for  exportation;  the  embarkation  of  mer^ 
chandize;  the  re-inspection  of  the  custom-house  t  the  bon^fbrsoottrihg  a  de< 
livery  in  afiireigncouiitry;  and  a  public  clearance,  do  not  in^t^te  the  com- 
iheitbetaditof  k  ne^^vtiytge-^itheD  «re  are  yet  to  leani  the  MKiningor  the 
expression. 

**But  these  embarrassments,  though  perplexing  and  ve^atioas,  are  not 
those  which  principally  occasion  our  solicitude ;  we  are  ooropelted  lo  MUader 
tlie  latedeciaims  of  the  British  tribunals  as  prelimfawfy  st«»a  (O*towat«lao 
syetem  e/'con^rilE&u-t&e  ivMi^atMm  and  exhortaHime  of  eoligifi  bnekietioiut  afhd 
theteby  j> ANNIHILATING  THE  MOST  LUCRAlWfi  JBRAlTGHES 
OF  OfjR  COMMERCE.  If  we  owed  thLp  trade  solely  to  the  favour  of  Great 
Kfitalti,'')lt^n Wife-might  ask,  what  urgent  motive,' what  imperioUB  xteoMity, 
required  that  the  favwtr  J^Old  be  teaunMi  at  mpefM  whm  ««r  cnMMree  «M» 


TW  OUiriB  IIIUN09*  r 


£^^  Mtjeet  ui  to  iankukSb^^ 

Wma*  "^  *Hii«i«*«r  MMM14  idN /rytrti*^  .  :,,, ;  .• ) 

h«.«aiittd  no  tuBli  pvMtkal  rule,  [m  ^iMtlT  17S«)  #tt*li»  Mdifei  ^  i*. 

STROTTHICOmURCEOPTHlSCOUtlTR?. 

••  Wiatheae  prdi^toiij  iMp  in  vtew.  «•  Mf^|«iiMM|iitfoB  to  detoOlMme 
«rtlMiMit  faBpovtaAt 6oai0qttiooM  of  Om MMMMd  nm^  that  neutnlonuqr 


keTCttiMMntiaie,|tfw,|Mi|teirMoiu^^  The 

iqJiMtke  orrach«.xiu^  fi<w^  to  the  UiOtedltetM^  7"^'?' 


nriiMtiee  orracii«r.TCi^  !•<««"«  «>  we  unnea^tttM^  wwDOMnaMm. 
fiiiti  the  farifaid^  ewpliif  d t  in  commerce  would  not  pioat  M  «|ftoteds 
^jMth»  imm*i mq^i—  ymir  emMry  mmU bt  dimi$iUis  (S^ilminttr'' 
$tUi/tioM  iUtirim  «Mfri4Mnr  fnotr  rtmoH/r^m  ^ ilrimiptlipmu,  ttoiUd, 
improf0rti<i  to  <Ae2r  aij^wgrtf  mftnign  n^ittit9»  i«  mpt*  tmnttf  ife^'M- 

«*IfGreftt1lr^  pinnit»rOqnmeree*0fMfii  htr  tftMn mijfkimkmin^f 
Mrmmmkhvm^iimml^  wftli  tli>  coaient  of  thoee  ilM aaii»  f<ttqbiwrtB  m  the 
simeeommcMBf  tivvfy  mihb(W«|uh  with  the  enemiee  of  Oreit  iii»m  mvg now 
becadlnedtothew1wiiitl»li)lhfdmtimeofpe>ce^  ipy^wkiainheBd 
th«t  the  priMJnlyrwiflM  iMMk«ed  in  respect  to  our  rn|j>ni|rjp  with  ttw'colo 
niet  ofGNiiifitiiM  lP.«Mk  •pe^  agrWHAT  CAlP^^ 
PILLAGE  AH^ORY^AjfTATtON  f 


MTT  WAR. 


«*  Theee  are  not  img»i>iy  egepotitioni.  Thqr  ilhittrtte  tje  iMet  iaportent 
priaetekeof  oureWMMNe.  They  evince  the  necewi^orn  ortwiieM  trader 
to  enabk  ua  to  luMiM  thofcanft  Wkw  of  emorta  of  our  own  Mtt*B|n0Auctk»s, 
1^  which,  MWBb  li9*<^F"*  IN  power  to  uqiUdate  the  ha^iao  atfiiiiat  ua,  in 
our  cummnte  with  Cwaat  Britain:  they  demonatrate^  ^iaii 
astktut  wkUkymmmin^  ••Jl^»  nibtfthtlam  ^mttm.  O^HR'L AW 
OFNATIOWSaRdAIMftlirO  RULE,  WHICRli «aiEQi|Al.  AND 
UNJUST. 

**Itis,  howevet^  with«HKh4Mnri8e,  that  we  have  NoeritljrdyHQMled  that 
theterydrcumstanoeaitten  vrtMnbour  hopes  of  aecur^tgr  Dteft  rapditd,  have 
been  urfed  aa  mmAfMU  to  Jostify  an  invarion  of  opr  <dBll8«  ^  that 
HAVING  TOTALLY  SUPPRESSED  THE  EirnHUTAL  COM- 


CRCE  OV  HER  ENEMIES,  4»EAT  BRITAIV  IS  NOW  COUN. 
SELLED  TO  APPROPRIATE  TO  HERSELF  THAT  OF  HER 
FRIENDS. 

"Suidytheaesorilgr  ofneutral  rights  oiught  not  to  diminiah,  as  their  value 
19  anumentad.  8«rely,a  maritime  praponderaacywhicJienaUea  its  possessor  to 
Modnrie'aiif -rfihetM<^'«ifita«neilM  of 

the  commerce  of  the  world. 

«*in^<ltit«r-oar «emphanto  we  eaanet  fcriMairto  fnumemle Itetemlliat- 
ingand  opMessive  conduct  of  fAdps  of  war  in  the  vicinity  of  our  coaata  and 
haitoUM.  Wt  t^ieet  HiteprinciiAe  and  emulatfe  the  conduct  of  Great  Bntiun, 
infqpM  to  her  own  jurlsdifetiM :  and  oC^w  wM  liwre^  «•  dajm  fir  tumhu 
Ilk  tmie  immun^Jtmiem,  mkUkJmexme*tJ\rmitMmr9. 

«<  Itiis  view  of  the  sulgeet,  while  ¥.  excites  our  anxiety,  fiiiniahef,  idacw-* 
resource  for  our  hues.  We  widioiib' for  justice:  tti4  beliieviiff  vat  acorn. 
m^iri:niition'iiHklMidlsMj»ds  justice,  therdtyunderinhiesthecitadddfher 
poiveri  iM  i^  eft  the  efbot  ef  mutual  inteNstaend  widMa4n  peoitotiiY'n 
cordial  wmlaftatlon  and  fav  adjuatmant  of  every  cause  of  mispBiMl'slswdiipi; 
in  particular  oJ*  «e  ^  m  (^  gcnenmeitt  «  mr  cmmwy  "tllAT  OUR 
RiGHtSWK/L  M>T  is  ABAliTDONED,  and  that  (O^NO  ARGU- 


ilij/i 


llli 

1 

11 


«a  TltB  QLHTB  iBAM€lt 

MiMT  IM  tAVOITR  OF  AN  USlnlF^T10N  WILL  BVftR  BE  OB. 
l|n^D  FROM  OUR  ACqjJIESCBltCE. 
■**  "*  '   ''flits  wpctadii  with  NnarkiMRi  llMt  they  4[inpi  the  bnmiiI 

•fiUnto  be  piMiliiirlrtilttdU  W«  lieiU^^^ 

.. G04>rBRATi(WOFAiia(8wcnrnnMS;  Rfi 

adder  the  banifii  iniaMMe  of  proHdfeaee  «|Km  tiiiellhherto  I 
ANOWB  PLIfiDOB 


JOM*  BJiaSn  OP  Oini  COOHTBT. 
:     Alw  Krl^  iOlM  ttk  iaOS» 

-      sigMdott  behalf  of  the 

JAhn  BfoonMi  chumMHi^ 
OlirerWokett, 
John  FtanhUn, 
IfeifeoLKwrenoe, 


JehnTK|rior, 


Geekt 

Dwdel 


iifcOkiiBMa. 


•  anil 
LndlMr, 


n. 


jCuhfle  AfdcB, 
WUUamLoret. 
Bdinood  Seamu^ 
Jemee  Bfexwcllt 
Beoj.Beite7. 
TbMMaFuiner, 
W.  Edgar. 
Wynant  Van  Zmdt 
Chirks  Wright, 
John  Os  PqrSter, 
J.CbMon, 
Wm.Clsrksoiv 
Joh&B.Coks» 


EUsheGoK, 
JoMi  9<  Mr ami(^f   , 
■^nerc  iiBiNn% 
8aiiuidA.LBSt«wCb 
RottertUaok, 
JohnHittrsy, 
^oifB  Grisvoldf 
™eMy  Fostf 
Jwui'sL  LivldgstoB* 
WilUalaBshSmoiii 
RrehibrJd  Grades 
BehhutuaO.  MhitlttiL' 
WiBiamBiMnI* 
Chdhn  Ludlow, 
Bben«  Stetens, 
Sensaehwr  HMnf , 
jxicr  ouuiuiuiiiuiu, 
waUaai  W.  Wbdasjr, 
Jamssrcott, 
John  P.  MttmfiNfd, 
Charios  M*BifejiN^  Jan. 
JohnKan^ 

John  (^ehdteing*  ■ 

Win.Codman. 


OHAPTBRXm. 

Extracts ffwn  the  Mmorial  o/.  tht  Mtrehantt  of  Philaddphia, 

I  PBOGEBD  to  state  the  sentiments  of  the  merchants  of 
the  great  city  of  Hiiiadelphia,  on  this  invasion  of  their  rights 
and  thooe  of  the  nation.  We  shall  see  that  they  felt  the 
same  sense  of  the  iiyustice  of  these  measures,  with^their 
bretiiren  of  Boston  and  New-Toi^— 4nade  the  same  stronc 
requisition  for  pretection— and  gave  an  equal  pledge  of  fuu 
support  Hiey  state  that  a  sttbmiywion  to  these  claims  of 
Great  Britain*  **  would  produu  the  mifi  of  mdi-oUtiuU^the 
iestrmnHon  <^  their  eommerce^and  the  d^graMUm  ^  their 
country.** 


feren 
iateri 


cksand 
*»Itl» 

vhiehai 


dkMedn 
authoritv 

^  OiMiId  tl 
dootrioas 
aheieotaai 
netted  to  I 
hVnaticeti 

fir^t  (O 

SUNIS  of  thi 

annuneistm 
"Thatp, 
»«*»«  given 
commereei 
ofpMce,k 

yp  obsery 

■hHuiiiK  «ki 
STRUeiTIO 
^tioaaadi 

"But  foot 
weight  Qfao 
ti^iqtbold  it 

may  be  ippo 
™«H5e,  even 
w  goeds  am 
"we  voyage 

Pfyprietors,  SB 
CKkd,  thathM 
*?^»  andt 
^  ••  legal 

fcytheu 
MWtoft 


IHBOUVB 


tin 


9V»  ^fsatiliMe  aifhlj  ctUi,  they  reqvlNd  Hm  Intor. 
fsrenee  of  the  goTemnetft,  v^phi,  «|t  their  i;fiq^iih4t|0Df  ^ 

isterfere.    We  then  see  the  mult. 

\ ,    »  '  ,  .  '  -  ■       ■    ■   '  . 

tht tmmmxMfnmtk rfmtr tmmtrft  tM flttit OT  vMdi ba* bwn  MttMntttl ' 

dto  and  HO<ritMM  faito«li»iadb'«riMUieW 

grefttllffaidMMed,  aiidtB»tot|ilani,'or  evahmiperidr  tegmitude,  hvit  ttiOdu. 
iHde|iMtaBW'»iiMit  jdairn^f  MiddiitNMinf  ftoB.   Wnit  vcm^iMMUUtd 
ai  inqMMftt^|»>,  |BwiieMkil;l»  o(f  pwftnitioi»»  l>w>  by  cgiitiwuno  and  mecm, 
stroAglMiMsd  into  n|[iiliMr  ami  jgiitMiialie  ^ondw.   WI|rt  ircm  icg!|idcd«t 
TOiacliwiftiBCiid<rtt»»t>»tetfwa<^teinpqW<>yth(0)ii|hnrt  are  vin- 

dicated imn  tbenoiindoCjWtt  aadtbtirpneti^  ia  leilantad  under  the 
aathori^yjp»ei#enWandweeiTeatbeaoleiiw 

**  TBey  Biereorcf  feaeaeJB,  in  the  pmalence  of  the  principke,  <pd  tJMi  eontin* 
iMMie>ofa»eBPfticeaalhided#t  notfoBgbttt(Q-THK  WflHOT  IHD\VU 
^m^'*^   DlUliueTlOKOr  THEIR  COMMERCEr  ANP 

tip  DEGRAPATI0N  OF  THEIR  COUNTRY 

'  Qwld  thejudgyntjer  erectile  duuri^  ofyoannemoriaHeta  aeebin  tlienew 
doetrinea  eTtbe^ritidi  oouit,  notliinc  but  the  refi|*al  and  teAawMnent  of  an 
aikeieat  and  eatabUiM  frindpK  ^H^  MendaUp  hMlieliMd^  or  iiToar  per^ 
mitled  to  alaad^,aMvmigbtfM|vet  the  departed  good,  bat  00^  net 

iigttBticetothe  haadthat  wiMMMvit,  Tb^y  are  atrocl(^lMmeTer,  with  the 
novelty  of  theeedoetrincet  <£T  ****•  MWfw<*»*af  Atwtui^  4»  mmumi  imtrm*  mi 
rift*tt  (Sytkdr  fannrfKiiny  wM firmer  Jwiarolfaw •fAeir wrtiblry,  and  deci' 
aiooa  ofucir  coorta }  and  with  ne  eztraordinaiy  tune  and  manner  of  their 
annunciation. 

**Thatpoliar»  not  joetlceh^  that  inteieat,  not  to  and  admitted  precedent, 
have  given  l^lAto  ^princlpl^  thatneutnua  abould  beteatiiotedto  tiie  aame 
commerce  with  a  beHiMfcnt,  vMehwaa  allowed  to  them  by  thait  power  in  time 
ofpeace,  ia  coneeifod  by  yaor  memorialiata  to  be  true.  Incompatible  with  the 
general  freedom  or  neutnd  oommeree,  thia  ruk  hae.the  aanraon  of  no  com« 
non  obaervanee  tqr  chained  netiona,  and  cannot  bear  tbst  fidtUhl  taat  wbidi 


everr  fair  and  rtehteona  principle  of  the  law  of  nationa  irill  abkl«. 
<*  The  aflbvt  oftUa  lOVclfrhiMpla  epaancainl  intncaia  h  of 


UCT* 


pMMtwrieiMand 


ayn  Q(jlB»  TO  NOTHING  BH<».     IP  THE  DB- 
EDTRAL  COBniBSCEt  and  ft« 


8TRVCTI0N  OF  NEDTBAL  COBIliESCEt  andftomtfaewtil  ^nMiwaMpMl 
rilnatkm  and  ehaneter  ofthe  Unftad  8tMa%  to  Q::^fMtf%eA««  ffAlf^^ 
detpanddiadifyitvmidiUttHtht^tnide.      , 

"But  jour  mcindridiata  cannot  but  <ioiidder,  that  thia  principle  baa  not  thai 
%eiffhtQracooaiatent  anduidftni  aupport  by  the  gofamtnent  which  ptoftaaae 
tOiq)holdit.  In  1801,  thededarationaofita  lAUMttyaadtiiedeciaiaaaofita 
coorti,  wcre^  unequivocalljr,  **  that  the  produce  of  the  cdoniea  of  the  enemy 
may  be  i^iported  by  a  neutral  into  hia  own  country,  and  be  reoported  from 
thence,  even  to  the  mother  ^onttyfliraticb  eolongr  r.  and  alao  t  **  thait  hnding 
the  goada  and  paying  the  dotiei  in  the  neutral  country^  breaka  the  continuity 
of  the  voyage  uA  ia  aueh  an  importation  aa  legaliaea  tue  tradf,  ahbough  the 
goodabeie^biapedhi  the  aame  vaaaeia,  end  e»  eccemtt  ef  tUf  aameoeotral 
proprietora,  and  fbrwifedcd  for  aale  to  the  mother  coanttT.**  In  M05,  it  ia  de* 
cidtd,  that  landitwandpsvintt  the  dvtieadeea  not  break  tJbe  continuity  of  the 
TMJre;  and 'diM  lib 'Moiie  of  trade  printed  out  tp  tiieiieutrallNiryearabe. 
San,  aa  legal  Mid  mA*  b  now  unaatiahetorr  to  the  bdUgereM,  and  AT. 
TENDED  INFALLlBl.t  WiTH  COMFlSCATIOK«  Whet  doer  an^ 
inmutaUe  principle  of  the  lew  of  nefioM,  «en  that  b^.yoor^inemcMrialiate 
wodd  aak;  Udddi  ia  aonpofted  tiy  t^  high  oOutt  of  edmiralfy,  and  avo^ 
brtheiiiyiettyin  1801,  aadwhiBliiapfMtretedbytKemi^tiyaadthehigh 
c«irtofappeabin,1805?  Qllj'  aii^uprkidpkimu$bt  tmitkkfrtd  ^anMerfer. 
tekkigef^Mflbv  tkaraettr  ef  miuiukHce,  than  of  tkat  rf ptmmna  nght 
Old  ntaNiiMbtm. 


t«B  OUT!  WAHOn. 


M 


I 


Iff'- 

m 


mmtmif§  \n  iMfnA  i»Mitt»tfipiW«  am. 


IBMt,  • 

■AIL  II 


hUry » 8f  MMwMiiit  «w  stnlMd  tottcju 

of  tiM  eswi  oTMNMiiii  iMiiiiiiii,  mi  (OrKvlMf 

TO  OOULBCTTHE^UN  WABYAllBBiCANS,  WBO 

¥  ODNVIOPW  IN  WHArT  W^tTOSMW  OT 


**  As  'ciQMMt  'Xj  ''Mi'  cMnjpw'MM 

CBRN68  B)r  VW  MBnOSIMIM^  ttw  BNNI^thBW 

lectedawfQiwfvU^iaoM^hMbaai  able  to 


to  MitML  thateyoy  iumwig^  iMku^tm*  ^^i 

CO^WHATfeVKR  MAYBC  THB  SAflKIFICB  OIT 
B^  MBT  Wrm  WMlMIOir.    B«tiii<MiM!«ierm 
^|hw  9«««nmMt,7ow  mtmorialute  ospMMi  ^ 

latte.** 


l«iTM^|iiu|^t]r  iad 


W.SiM 

Vobflrti 


lAMli^, 


jMob  Qamfi  Koab, 

TboMHW.FlMMiH 


wpha 
iluan 


L.Cfeilwk 
DnUlW.Cwi^ 


Thepi«Q«diBglitte«bnie68^ide4  meaof  Wtb  UMlMMftilf 
Mftic^s,  mid  of  yarioiu  ii»tioii»^Awu'i,ca|i8»  |!ii\gMal^  Iriab^ 
iRMMib'aAA.DHtcli.. 


«»Vf.I-4£f...-. .  ( 


PiBA^T£B  JCIV. 

'Tm  IftemorfiJ  of  ihe  pi^roliaiits  fit  fl^fn^mm  l#  tiion  di& 
fii8i9  «iMf  wffiMMatelive  thaii  M17  of  tke  piMMiiifi  It  ie  « 
mtott  MMtofly  MMfMttioii,  iHiid  ii|iq^  H  ttgm4^ '  ft  *  M«- 

gete  «i4  iii)swer»)ile  dcifipiK^e  pf  n^u^  mJistBl^iMii  )»e)- 
jereni  pr^^nsioiMi  anil  9ja»fwtmm^  mmnmn^vg^t 
]tp  be  eommitted  to  BMnory  by  «very  stateMMn^  ia  fU  eou- 
tries  whose  intefcst  it  is  to  preserve  a  neiitral  dkniiti<oiii« 


THS  OUVB  BRANCH. 


^ 


«•  It  would  not  to  drtired  that  Uw  tt*!*  of  thiofi,  whiich  picM  BritAin  had 
bertelt  MBMsritod,  ind  whidiiiM  and  babit  had  i«pdarpo  Mi|ii(iar  auU  Intel. 
.Ufibia  to  all,  aboold  to  dbuirfaad  hgr  appMaaWv  inaovationa  i  fiir  Vna  that 
ttoM  inaovationa  •houkl.  bgr  oyalyiaiwibal  ratrM^^cMM,  to  made  to  iuatify 
0:7'  liW  MJnirt  «Nf  eMUwciaiiMf  tf  tMr  pr9ftr%.  eommitiad  to  tto  hifgh  leaa, 
under  tfiaiN^toetlon  of  ttoWUtSifraW,  aadrf  «MaM«««rMiitft^iAriRi»nd. 
w/ciWwf.  |iithlathpirjiwtbope.joitfineinonaliata  tovcbMnutally  diaa^' 
pohrtd.  (D'THSIR  VBeULS  AND  BFnCTS.  tO  A  LARUE 
AMOVNT,  HAVE  LATELY  BEEN  CAPTURED  BY  THE  COM. 
MlSSlOMBDCRUiSBBiipF  GMBAT  BRITAIN,  apon  tto  foaadatioa 
ofivt-NEW  PRINCIPLES.  SUDDENLY  INVBNTiD.  and  applied 
to  tUfi  habitual  tnflc  i  and  ooggattad  and  piomnlgaif  d.  for  tto  firtt  time* 
b]r  aantencaa  of  condamnatlon «  by  which ',  rwaoawaJ/i  igneramn  kat  itm 
tmridirmlM  itimiiialtmi  AN  HONOUR  ABLB  CONFIDENCE  IN  THE 
JUSTICE  or  A  FRIENDLY  NATION,  PURSUED  WITH  PENALTY 
AND  FORFBITURB. 

"  Your  aMnoriatiata  ai*  In  no  dtnation  to  atat*  tto  pncia*  natnio  of  tho 
raloa  to  which  thair  moat  important  Intcreau  hava  b««n  tbna  aacriSccd  t  and 
it  ia  not  tha  laaat  of  thair  complainta  agamat  tham,  that  (CTtb^  art  undt- 
Jlntd  ami  tmi^nabk  t  «jui*oeat  in  tbeirjvrm,  ami  the  Jit 


tioH,  hj  rtOHm  tf  their  amBituigf. 


huvmrnmu  «f  o^ta- 


-  Your  mcmorialiata  will  not  here  atop  to  enquire  upon  what  ground  of 
law  or  reason' tho  aame  act  la  held  to  to  legal,  when  commenced  with  one 
intention,  and  iUegnl  when  undertaken  with  another.  But  th#/  object,  in 
tho  atrongeat  terma,  against  thia  new  criterion  of  legalitn  because  of  iu 
InevitaMe  tendency  to  injustice  i  because  of  >jLTJtr  ptaUiar  mpatiisf  to  fm- 
barrau  vith  «tr««re.  amiodn  nitb  eai^beatim,  m  v&U  rfaiit  trmin  vith  Su^ 
refe  in  tkt  iwrpbu  tfmr  ettimiat  indiortatkmi. 

'*  If  th<^  oqnpequeneM  to  ttot  traffic  were  not  btended  to  to  aeriona,  and  ez- 
tenuye*  and  torm^^  your  memorialista  search  in  vain  ftr  amotir^  by  which 
a  state,  in  i^qit^  iftth  4M^  own,  and  moreover  connected  with  it  fav  tto  ties  of 
common  intcreat,  to  iH^icfi  pa^qr  oonsideraUooa  aeem  to  give  peculur  strength, 
aTAattemiMdiiMifMftt  iitili^g^jhta  partxj/m^  €1ltrteitiu^fgremlm  vfm  our 
rifkit,  bjf  which  it  dtiAMiotirt  itteff,  vithma  framtftyt  o«y  of  tho$^  great  htereete 
jfvr  ifhieh  an  enUghtemd  nation  may  jaMn  be  teHeitoue,  uxl  which  only  a  ateady 
regwdtojustice  can  ultimately  aefeure.  When  we  see  a  powerful  state,  in  pes* 
session  qf  a  commerce,  of  which  tto  worid  aflfords  no  examples,  ixyendeanour- 
trig  to  intetfiolate  into  the  lave  of  nationo  eandotieal  ideetiet  andw^fward  diottac 
done,  vMcn  forbid  a  citixen  of  another  independent  commereial.  country  to  export 
from  that  eomtrg  nhat  unquettioiu^  bekngt  to  him,  only  becauae  be  imported  it 
himself  and  y^t  allbiv  hu~n  td  sell  a  right  of  exporting  it  tO  another  t  which 
prohibit  an  end,  bMtase  it  arises  out  of  one  inti^ltion,  but  permit  it  when  it 
arises  out  of  two  t— 'Which,  dividing  an  set  into  stages,  search  into  the  mind 
for  a  correspondent  division  of  it  in  tto  contemplation  of  ita  auttor,  and  deter- 
mine its  innocence  or  criminality  accordbigly  <  which,  not  denying  that  the 
property  acquired  in  an  authorized  traffic  by  neutral  nations  from  tolligerents, 
may  become  incorporated  into  tto  national  atoek,  and,  under  the  shelter  of 
its  neutral  character,  thus  superinduoed;  and  atill  preserved,  to  afterwarda 
transported  to  every  quarter  of  tto  glebe,  rqect  the  only  epoch,  which  can 
dis^Uy  i)fuurk  the  Incorporation,  and  point  out  none  ottorin  its  place  ;— 
Wluciii,  proposing  to  fix  with  accuracy  ana  precision,  the  line  of  demarcation, 
beyond  which  neutrals  are  tfes^sers  iqHMi  the  wide  donudn  of  belligerent 
rights,  involve  everything  in  disrlaieas  and  confiision;  (Xjr'M«re  can  be  but  one 
t^nionaotothepurpote  vhchafiihioie^  aeeoH^Hoh. 

OCj'**  For  the  ioee  and  damage  wbieb  capture  hringt  along  vith  it,  Mritieb 
amu  efpHugroMt  no  adequate  indemnirf'  Redress  to  any  extent  is  diffi> 
cult— ton  competent  extent  impossible.  And  even  the  costs  which  an  ini. 
qnitous  seizure  compels  a  neutral  merchant  to  incur,  in  the  defence  of  his 
violated  rights,  before  their  own  tribtinals,  are  seldom  decreed,  and  never 
paid. 

K 


94 


THB  OUVB  iEANCH; 


I:,  ..:-i 


»y;' 


«*  TW  numu  ipw  wliWi  OrattBritahi 
(lie  hMlapmdMl  MliaM  af  ika  Mith,  • 


to  iMmir  i  rfaM  to  btM4b« «» 
ifw  wllh  tk*  wioniM  tt 


(oM  of  ilM  ntaiatlM  of  whMi  pf«MMM  rUit  kw  MlMa  tlM  dMMiiMi 
ill  h«r  «ouiia,  biitwMn  th*  AoMrtaM  tnri*  from  Um  mMm  to  tlw  Ualtod  StatM* 
«ii<1  from  th«  mmt  lolwlii  to  BaitM,)  wilL  wa  «•  MsMMtlf  ptrMMMM.  BE  RB> 
PELLBU  WITH FIBMHESS  ANS UTIsCT  BTQtWGOVBRNMUfT. 

ptrtif^fKtrmmmttt I  «i\lktrcm9faim» mm rUtmrmmlM^     ^tniktmii  damn^lk* 


OHOBB  TO  JUSTiyY  THB  OQf  • 


jrma  ehmmtb  tf  mt  •rdiiMNWMMi*  /  airiiyw, 
irmiili  w  HpmtemU  /  mdiMmrmnimtumr 

Summation  oy  that  Mmil.  with  WHicrt  ooB  lawful  com 

MMBCB 18  MBNACBU  BT  HBB  If  AXIMB  AMD  MBR  CONDUCT. 

*niritn4MlpW,tlMrdbr«,  MHWt  h«aMOMi«M.  U  «•■(■  wifamKjr  tad  mh- 
•iMaiMyi  topartk^  OMfMl.  Mwl  dalMlv*.  ItONkMOVHy  tUagbend  tothtiigto 
of  wan  while  hallbMs  to  look  bMk  Mi  ndtoroeoniM»  dtottotoorifcfaififaiiMMie, 
—  tho  faiwlodoD  mmI  (ko  iBMiUM  of  tho  ri|^  or  —f    '     -^   '    •     - 


tka  eataUUwd  and  hahttual  uvda  of  the  natioM  at  paaaa,  It  aAHa  m  Aadov  ofia* 
•oritjr  faranjiiertorit  PkvftMhg  to  ba  an  eqaHaUe  ataMdard  fer  tka  aatertaiDaM«t 
efne«tnilri[pii8.  It  daprivM  tkam  of  all  body  aad  whataaaa,  and  leavaa  tkeea  OD^a 
plauaibia  aart  oaraal  appaaranea  of  a»agitltada  aad  iiBportaaaa.  h  dalWen  ikena 
o»ar,  h)  a  word,  tolka 
umI  wkiia  it  aaana  to 


•r  «r  th« 

define,  doaa  la  ftet 


platura  of  the  tkaoay  aad  awatleal  t 


astkiauidi 


itleat  operalloaa  of  thia  doetrina. 
tt  tkia  doalnaa  are  aahanaad  wd  i 


aa  akftm  of  kfilfaaate  koalilitri 
uiA  tkam.    Soak  ia  tka  iUlkfiil 


**  Tka  pemieiom  qoalklaa  «t  tkia' doalnaa  are  eahaaaad  Mid  MBtmtod.  aa  ft«m 
ita  aatnre  adcht  be  taatttnLbr  tfia  Cm*  that  rTOJUSAT  BluTMyoirES 

jvt)  JvxmcE OF  thetJmb  wBEir,  fsk  tee  cmcuMaTMWEa 

WWmcIL  SUE  MEJUfSTOJiPPLT,  AJfD  EMTORCE  IT.  Her  or* 
dera  of  tke  Wk  Novamber,  ITU^  bj  wklah  taa  taaa  waia  avapt  of  onr  tmiiIi  aad 

•Ifceis,  were,  fit  Aa  JInt  liaie,  awwewweadJy  tk$  $kift  tf  watt  tmdfrtvmmn,  Jf 
"mhUhthniwtneairUdinfeacteuHim. 

**  The  late  daaktoai  of  kar  aoarta,  whlekarakithetnMtpirhorthiadoe(ik»,and 
are  ealeolated  to  i-cttora  it  ia  praauaa^  to  thai  kifh  tana  oraereritrt  vhieh  milder 
deeiriona  kad  abnoit  eoneMled  man  tke  world,  eante  npon  oa  bjr  aorprite  i  and  the 
eaptum,  of  whieh  (ke  Dutsk  eomplaiaed.  b  tka  aaren  yean^  war,  wem  preecded 
W  no  wambf.  (rTTHUS  IS  THIS  PRINCIPLE  MOST  RAPACIOUS  AND 
OPPRESSIVB  IN  ALL  ITS  BEARINGS.  Hank  aad  mvatortoaa  in  itaal^  h  baa 
always  beea,  and  CTar  miut  be^  naed  to  betray  noatral  mereaaata  bto  a  trade^  anp> 
powd  to  be  lnwfal,  and  then  to  give  them  np  to  pillaae,  aad  to  ruin. 

**  Bat  tkera  ean  be  noieoBrity  (jywhile  a  malifmmt  andtketitfU  frittcMt  Sk* 
Mi  hoHgt  tntr  u$.  It  ia  iuat  irtiat  (ke  belligerent  ekooeea  to  make  it,  O^'AriUf^, 
vhmwi,  tmd  ui\fUt,  er  «MM,  actfna,  aadnaxUut.  It  may  eone  abroad  when 
leaat  expected  t  iind  tke  moment  of  eoafidenee  may  be  the  moment, of  deatruetion. 
'yA  mag  tHerp  fir  a  Umt  /  iutn»  man  ktufm  when  Uit  f  awakt,  to  »h»dU» 
\it  bifiuenee  upon  the  eemmerce  ff  the  -marid.  It  clothea  itielf,  from  Hawn  to 
•eaMm,  ii^  what  may  be  oalled  relaxationa;  but  again,  without  any  preview  intiroa* 
(ion  to  the  deluded  eidxeut  of  the  neutnl  powen,  theie  rdaxatlons  an  aodtlenly 
laid  asi<le,  either  in  the  whole,  orin  part,  and(XT/A«  wwk  ^emfitcaiien  eemmeneet. 
Nearly  (en  montha  of  the  late  war  had  ctepMooerore  it  announeed  itaelf  at  all »  and, 
when  It  did  MH  it  wai  hi  its  moat  fbrmidaUe  ikape,  aad  b  its  fullest  power  and  ex- 
paniioti. 

"  Your  raemoriaiista  feel  diemaelTea  bound  to  state  that,  aecording  to  anthentift 
information  lately  reeeived,  the  government  of  Great  Uritab  does,  at  this  moment, 
(C^  grunt  Ucetuee  tt  neutral  veueb  taking  kt  a  projiorHen  ^  their  cargoet  there,  to 
proceed  en  tradbir  voj/agei  to  the  eolmdet  of  Spabi,  from  tMck  the  would  exclude 
utt  upon  the  conmtion,  that  the  return  cargoet  ihaUoe  carried  to  Great  Britain, 
to  tioeU  the  gaini  ^her  merehanti,  and  to  give  her  a  monopofy  ^the  commerce  tf 
t/ie  varUL  Phis  great  belligerent  righL  thien,  upon  whieh  so  mueh  has  been  sup* 
pfMcd  to  deiiend,  ([ytinki  into  an  article  tf  barter.  It  is  used,  not  aa  a  haatile  m* 
sirument  wielded  by  a  warlike  stote,  by  wliieh  her  enemies  are  to  lie  wounded,  or 
tlieir  eoloniet  subdued,  but  as  die  selfish  means  of  eommerehd  aggrandisement,  for 
G:^  the  inUwverithment  and  ruin  ^fhvJMendts  as  an  engine  by  whieh  Great  Bri> 
^Min  it  to  oe  lifted  up  to  a  vast  height  «  proqterity,  and  Q^'VAe  trade  ^f  neutralt 
crippled,  and  eruthed,  and  deitr^d.  Sueh  aeta  are  a  moat  intelligible  eommenta* 
ly  uiKMi  the  prinoipic  in  question.  They  shew  that  it  (C^  it  a  hollow  and /aBadoui 
fi)inciple,  susceptible  of  toe  worst  abuse,  and  ineapaUe  of  a  just  and  honourable  ap- 


crj-B 
hatful 


THB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


M 


pikatkm.  'nMytb«rrtlMt,intiwlu»diofaf(t«*.marltte«itete,hisiM«,(nha 
Mtemibk  ebaneterof  •  vatponof  hntitttjr,  tlntit  is  prindi  but  ntlwr  mmm 


tf  Urn  HMOfu  ^  nuMttkbtg  mt  mkmmdii  wiin^t>,  by  whieb  wvrjr  mtftprlM 
eak«ilatcd  to  nronota  mUomI  wttlth  and  poww,  ■htU  b«  iMdt  to  begin  and 
endlniSnmthrMmtiom.  toab aeta aagrifdll bt eoMidoMd  m pfonemebif 
tbacoiKkwnaitionef  tbaprimiiila  Makwt  whioh  «•  ooMand.  aawMalraviiv 
Aom  it  the  only  pratext.  upon  wbiah  It  ia  poaaibia  to  iwt  it— Qraat  Brttabi  doca 
not  pratanrl  that  thiapmeipk  bai  any  warrant  in  tha  opinion  of  vritan  on  pub« 
UcUv.  8ha  does  not  prattMid,  and  oannotprttand,  that  it  darivaa  any  «owitt« 
nsneeftenn  the  eonduet  of  other  natkma.  Skt  i$  emUkMtdbi  mUianf  in  tk$um»f 
iMt  immUm  J»  wkitk  RAPAaTY  It  STtTSMATllBUk  and  A ITATIB  OF 


NBUTRAUTV  AND  WAS  ASB  MADB  tUMT  AMTIALLT  THB  SAME. 

b  tiiis  sbaanea  of  ail  other  aathority,  her  eonrta  have  iiada  an  appeal  to  her 
ownearlyeiampletlbrtho  JustiAeationof  berowaicoentpnetiee.  Tour  me- 
morialiatt  join  in  that  aMeel  aa  aftnUnar  the  nwet  ooneluetae  and  authoritetiTo 
teprabetion  of  thepraetio^  whieh  it  is  wtandsd  to  support  bf  it 

'*(t^The  solemn  renuneietion  of  the  primiple  in  queatloo,  fai  the  Ibeeef 
the  whole  world,  by  her  highest  tribunal  hi  OMttera  of  priae^  reiterated  in 
•  stteeession  of  dewew,  down  to  the  year  ITS^  and  afteiwakb.  Is  pnwer« 
liiily  eonflnned  by  the  aeouiceeenee  of  Qreat  Britain,  dorhig  the  first,  most 
important,  and  active  period  of  th*  late  war,  hi  the  free  and  nnlim'r<->l  pro. 
aeeathm,  by  neutrals,  of  the  whole  coloiqr  trade  of  Vranoe.  She  did  indeed, 
«t  last,  prohibit  that  trade,  by  an  inatroetion,  (cy  UNPfaSCEDBNTED  IN 
THB  ANNALS  OF  MARITIME  OBPBBDATIONS  i  But  the  raviral  of  htf 
discarded  rulob  waa  O  ohareetcrised  with  such  cireumstanees  of  iniquity  and 
violenoe,  ss  rather  to  heighten,  by  the  efiet  of  oentraat,  the  Tenemtion  of 
numkind  for  the  past  justice  of  ber  tribunals.  The  world  has  not  fbrgntten 
the  instruction  to  iHiioh  we  allude,  or  the  enonnities  by  which  its  true  char* 
acter  was  dWetoped.  Produeed  in  mystery,  at  a  moment  when  universal 
confidence  in  the  integritv  of  her  government  had  brought  upon  the  ocean, 
a  prey  of  vaat  value  ana  importance  i  aent  abroad  to  the  difTerent  naval 
atationa  with  aueh  atudied  secrecy  that  OO*  it  would  almoat  seem  to  havr  bren 
intended  to  make  an  experiment,  QCT  HOW  FAR  LAW  AND  HONOUR 
COULD  BE  OUTRAGED  BY  A  NATION  PROVERBIAL  FOR  RESPECT. 
IN6  BOTH— ocTthe  heralds  by  whom  it  wu  first  announced  were  the  com- 
mandera  of  her  commiuioned  cruiaeia,  who  at  the  same  instant  carried  it  into 
effect,  irith  evny  circumstance  of  aggran  ion,  if,  of  such  ^n  act,  there  can 
be  an  aggravation.  Upon  auch  cuiduct  there  waa  but  one  sentiment  It 
was  comKnned  by  reuon  and  justice.  It  wss  condemned  by  that  law  which 
flows  fittm,  and  is  finmded  upon  them.  IT  WAS  CONDEMNED  AND  WILL 
FOREVER  CONTINUE  TO  BE  CONI»MNED  BY  THE  UNIVERSAL 
VOICE  OF  THE  CIVIUZED  WORLD.'* 


Thomaa  Tenant, 
John  Donnel, 
LukeTieman, 
Thee.  HoUingsworth, 
George  Stiles, 
J.  A.  Buchanan. 
Alezr.  M'Kiro. 
Wm.  Patterson, 
John  Sherlock, 
Baliumt,  /on.  31, 1806. 


Henry  Parson, 
William  Wilson, 
T.  Swan, 
Joseph  Steret, 
Steuart  Brown, 
John  Collins, 
David  Stewart, 
Maik  Pringle, 
John  Strieker. 


Bet\i.  WiUiama, 
Wm.  Lorman, 
Wm.  Tayktr, 
Robert  Oilmor, 
Jamea  Calhoun, 
Samuel  Steret, 
Hugh  Thompson, 
Samud  Taylor, 


This  list,  like  that  signed  to  the  Philadelphia  memorial, 
embraces  federalists  and  democrats  indiscriminately— as  well 
as  elUtelis  of  various  naitions. 


9S 


THE  OhWB  BRANCH. 


% 


OHAFTBRXy. 

Mwhaven,  Dedsive  taU  for  resistance.  UjUimUedpU^i^ 
&f  Support.'— Bxtradsjrom  Mtmoritd  of  MetehmUs  of  Mw^ 
iuryport.  Reliance  on  'uHsdii)n,  Jirinness  andjiUttce  t^  tH^ 
gvpsmment, 

]&(roia(«  jfHm  Me  JiflhM^^  '; 

**'Tpur  i^emorfaliats  cannot  bdiold,  withoat  lurpriM  and  regret,' It^a  pimti^l 
andrtipeetabk  noifoM,  hetuKtkg  the  Mnciplit  (ff  the  c^mniAi  utti  6/lidilitu,  ta  an- 
nier  ptStkal  pm4a*et,  and  iatnflamtaveriMkpoSry  into  -  the  tdU^n  dmuHed- 
itftimof  Aef  WW*.  -  OGf  WB  HOLn  IT  tO  BE  VXTRBMBLY  IMPORTANT 
THAT  ALL  NJI^lTONS  SHOULD  €OMttlNB  AGAINST  SUGH  fNMOVA- 
TIONS  UPON  THEIR  RIGHTS  t  and  ^inpartiadarOuU  the  UtOedSmtei, 
-rnhnte  genrratMcat  pwdtiom  give*  them  the  bat  ehttuc*  «/*  maintaininr  tietUrahlg, 
dwvuryan  in  Em-^  SmUUi  I1RMLV  RRSIST  EVERY  ENCROACH- 
MENT  UPON  THE  RIGHTS  OF  NEUTRAL  CQMSIERCB.  ■ 

**  VfliU  then  ijnpreitioos  oTtke  neneyri^  df  OCf*  metuuret/or  defei 
tHerdal  rightt,  whish  thaUiw  fiita*  btit  fe?npei?«tie~Httnd  i^   ft 
■pirkoteonciBatitnt  your  m<!iaa(fa|iiU  cordnDjr  vamt  vith  ihoi 
ether  eoitunereial  wntM,  in  «xpi«Mini  ^r  8enU|(nei|l^  ^'1^4^  ^  ^ 

^iweealheKiihrkititk<f^t\Kilrt(imAxj 

All)  AND  SUPPORT  TO  RVBRY  IMRASURB  Ot  GOVBKNlfBMT  CAL- 
eULATBD  TO  ACCOMPLISH  llUiS  IMPORTANT  OBJECT." 

Sitoed  kj  order, 

HffiNRYDAGGBT. 
•    Present  gftbe  Chamber  or  Commeree. 

J^enhaven,  Fei.  7, 180& 

Extracttfrom  the  JHemarial  of  the  Merehanti  tfJ^Temhurj/ptH. 

*  In  many  e»wt  oar  vesselt  and  eaif^oet  have  been  oafitared,  tried  and  condemMd 
fti OcNvta uT la#,  ilj* uhderunuitu^  anditidriimlg  fmet^heeei  nMch,  tf  hermUted  to 
wmtinue,  THREfrBN  THE  RUIN  OF  OUR  COMMERCIAL  INl'BRBSTS. 

**  ^Ij"  Se  fttrjnm  obta/nittg'  ndrew  of  our  grievawxt  bg  theordttiarg  modei  and 
gtocMteo  ofUi-w,  we  have  in  mo»t  caaet  been  rnbject  to  heany  coft*,  andenffered  em- 

tarraimiig  und  diitntdiif  detentton  of  propertg,  even  lonere  no  pretence  could  be 
J^undjoituthorizetheteiztireofit. 

"  ElaTing  austained  theae  Ipuea  and  injuries  Q^/*  in  ihe  ^rooecuiion  of  our  btmfiU 

f^mmerce,  and  in  the  exercise  ufoui'  jtut  righto,  we  reljr  t»ith  ooofidenae  on  (J3^  the 
-tri»dom,.firmneio,  and  jwttice  of  our  government,  to  obtain  J^  ti*  that  cvnOieneiUlon, 

and  to  grant  to  m  that  protection,  lihich  A   REGARD  TO  THE  HONOUR  OF 

OUR  COUN  TRV^,  no  leso  than  tlte  rig/Ut  of  our  citizena  muit  lUctate  and  require. 


Ebenezer  Stocker, 
Stephen  Howard, 
Edward  Tappan, 
John  Pearson, 

JVewburyport,  Dec.  1805. 


VyrUliam  Bartlettj 
Moses  Howard, 
William  Paris, 


I 


The  same  outrages  having  been  experienced  by  the  citi- 
xens  uf  Newhaven  and  Newburyport  as^^9lewbere»  ve  oi 
course  find  the  same  style  of  complaint— the  same  call  for 
redress — ^the  sailie  pledge  of  support — ^in  one  ease  explicitly 
expresacdy  in  the  other  unequivocally  implied. 


TAB  OUVE  BRANCH. 


CH4PTKR  XVI. 

Sbtem  nuHtoiilU,  Shmiid  ruumnngf,  BrUain  eantet  on  a  am- 
meree  wUh  hit  eneMfioHkhihedeOarei  m$til  in  a  mtui^^ 
Jtlb8tsoUmnpUdgeqf9»ppliMtL 

'•Oh  (MrdiiMty  oceMSpte  I^Unire  dMtbed  it  unMceuUTtoam^ftr  tk- 
drefs  of  Mievineiei  to  tlu  ^(ttfcktibeM  of  their  cbunti%  eotddte(r  &  the  rec- 
titude tnd  Wiadom  of  itt  coiteeils :  itfid  thotrgh  Ihtir  MhfideMe  fat  thfb  tck. 
pept  IS  tahaimlnyiciil,  ^t  *k  i^kHiMii  <^  miMA  iMHtiinXUt  MW  MfAtixt^, 
uA  i^cnioiift  tebMtiittj^a  tih  tltit  tditifHttte  Ht  W  miikiiiit  iaif*MakMt6M 
ihe^  ISSm  it  diielir  dUtji  to  aMro^h  the  MNMitfttM  KotlidHlitfi;  slid  eisMHs 
their  adil^dntoiMttmii^Wdaibetkiib^  ^ 

^  0^  7^  «^  HJI^JeMe/iM^A  idthiUtatbtg  appiUhaHikt  ihk  mtpiUtUn  bwii. 
trii^iMiiwdiedliM  ^  i^hi^  gikittiMm,  bi  Unikt  i»X«ft  MMfofia/  tir^n^  Airte 
^  /^Me<lr  i»^  'SeaOtar  ^ipwodUaiiif  tMi  teemta  tt^Jhm  tb  •MMliM»y  ft. 
dret:  fviiai^  in&  ihodieiratkM  hkrh  Mp^  sMuMd  aU  the  aidvaataitet  Of 
siif^cdttfol  war,  and  the'  tohet  «^^  .w  it^iMm  tmm  6obtieti6*  tb  m(dj^ 

^  l^ibenw^ialiatt,  hQ^tnever.  hKve  witiieiaed,  irith  ^d«to  Vegtec,  AriS  dNp 
fnxie^y,  that  i6  aonie  df  tiieiir  SiBofiala  tHey  cali  no  hM^  Af^^  tbttOtty. 
dy'jmt  btierpmatMik  •/  old  fiik»,  and  ne#  gloite*  oh  tt6i«ftt  dodttifl^ 
gr^  hone  btm  qrrofed  (•  eanfreti/  the  circuit  of  neuir,<d  cmmntret,  dndtvaindh, 
Ymt  namSittttCp  A»  fiiit  Atri^^tiol  MnOiMt.  Tbe.^  aWpriie  liu  h^  the 
gTM^.  iNXWfae 0^  fAe fuftfon  ifA*  Ma  <ufi^<f  (A«ilL  ihiHufrm iM«m  iMMtf 

tentris  ^kpneeeib  of  wr  cmmerettt  and  0C7>  fiik  heir  -wefiHiMM  tie  gMii^ 
p&r1tM'»fwr'tkaibma)ii0tU/tUMt. 
<•  The  intererta  of  Great  B^itaih  and  the  UMitedStaliMwttl  Ih  this  iCtMbt 
We  cohMih^  the  |M>diHsli  df  Iw^  ihduat<y ;  VtiA  give  h£r,  ih  mS^ 


ea  Ur{|e'aunia  of  imnwv,  tT"  nMf  iitateHaA  S^  iMM  *Ai»  >iMy  IMy  <MV«iii> 
lHH>6iif .  SiiaSlirity  of  nuiiiiM  and  babita,  of  Umguage  abd  MiiMlioiB»  hcke 
ild<^  lihilfeial  indheemieAts  ftr  hiterooim^  And  pSittA  tat  hst  hnmk  m  •. 
icm^  not  slightly  io  be  tie#ed,  «r  inconaidenAteljr  Mtsited.  fj^thi  Ml 
Mfp^  iU$  tTntkiSiiaiehaoe  eshMtedttniterdtlier  taimatMHnttMii  dMa 
j^^Um^^a^rndtdrjomr^piilk^  I^  therefob«,  vto  hhd  ftttMMI  «o  «lk 
or  receive.  cAiirdiraiahSireliMndeiAiliarly^s^^  h(j^>  becaik'db  behave 

Ijeen  e^j^batieally  the  aine#s  of  her  opiUehee.  tibt  it  U  b4Klievk\  thit  the 
tJnitl^  Statea  never  asked  of  Shy  ftstion  ftaore  thanJostilE^  iShd  are  t'iHhur  to 
iak  bdohd  hjr  the  establiilhed  nittS  bf  oemmeree.  Your  ntemoriAlists  tlherdb^ 
ezpcess  de^  regret,  because  a  confidence  lias  been  shaken  whcih  niay  not 
inuilybe  teatored;  IM  defep  tnidety,  because  the  principle  alluded  to,  if 
conceded,  tCt  MUSf  EVENTUALLY  tROSTHATR  OtJR  TRADE,  OR 
LtSAinB  IT  AT  THE  ARBITRARY  DISCRETION  CW  BELLIGERENTS. 
Wither  peace  ar  war  prevail,  the  banrftd  influence  mil  every  where  be  felt ;  and 
in  ihelhtter  preMbament,  we  tAoU,  at  ntuiralt,  thiare  the  tdmhiefi  ^  it  without 
the  chdneee  rfbetitffit. 

^  The  principle,  recently  established  by  Great  Britain,  is,  as  your  ihenio- 
rialists  understand  it,  that  Q^*  it  it  not  competent  for  a  neutral  to  cany  on  in 
war,  any  trade,  which  he  it  not  aceuttomed  to  do  in  peace ;  and  that  he  thaU 
net  be  perndHed  to  effect  that  in  a  circuitous,  which  it  inhibited  in  a  iKrect 
trade:  asoorollaries  firom  thia  principle,  she  insists  that  the  colonial  trade 
exercised  by  neutrals,  shall  nol  extend  beyond  the  accustomed  peace  estab« 
lishniMi  and  that  whenever  the  neutral  imports  into  his  own  country  col- 
onial produce  with  the  intention  to  tranship  it  to  the  mother  country,  if  a  di. 


n  THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 

tcct  interooune  be  interdieted  in  peaot^  the  etroi^ty  of  the  route  ihall  not 
|»roteet  the  pruperty  frqtt  oonflMatianr  It  leenM  admitted  tSat  such  oireuU 
tout  route,  with  nich  intention^  ii  not  conaidered  as  evidmoe  of  enemy's  |»o> 
perty,  confiscable  within  oidinsry  rales  i  but  QC^  at  a  'ditline*^  tubttaiuial, 
mid  tmJumaHrg  frtne^tt  indepenimi  IhA  in  ^f§>meif  andi^flkulitn.  QC^-fW* 
itj/kUimt  f  the  m»tt  Otter  pnty^f  mutralprtftr^t  tr  Amscfnt  thttifh  mttdi- 
rtcted  ttfuAtet.  The  unaccustomed  tr^de,  or  the  imiiottatitNi  with  spediflc  in- 
MMiiMw,  are  the  t(Mta  irjr  which  every  Toya§e  is  to  be  tHed, 

**  In  another  view,  tlw  rule  appears  to  your  memorialists  not  less  untenable 
«nd  ui\jutt  It  is  stated,  as  a  part  of  ft,-  that  if  colonial  produce  be  imported 
Iby  any  perioa  with  an  I'mwfgsw  jto  ^neiifA^  it  on  |m*.  own  account  to  tlie  mother 
country,  it  is  subject  to  conmcatien. ,  ^irtifimpcKiedmr  the  purpose  dTgene- 
n)  commerce^  and  thrown  jnto  the  market  fbr  fsneral  trafuhiptnent,  It  is  uith- 
in  the  eaccptitm*  To  ^itingui«h  betiiBen  jfwwro/  «pd  paiiietdar  ii^sentitiu, 
aii4  to  sepmte  things  so  subUe  in  their  n^WQoAtincs,  ^almost  incapable  of 
proof,  tut  the  pumses  of  national  decisions,  seems  a  n^biempit  reigned  fir 
the  pretent  age.  1^  foundation  ofth^n^fiderndMctrine  is  laid  in  tjbis  princi- 
ple, that  the  neutial  haa  no  ri|^t,  by  an  extension  of  his  trad^  to  i(fford  «up> 
plies  to  tke^bctlligerent  to  warn  <«  the  blows  o(his  en^my,  and  to  oppose  fer  a 
longer  pcriod.the  dominion  of  his  fbrqe,  But  to  this  your  memorialists  deem  it 
a  conclusive  answer*  that  the  proposition  proves  too  much  \  that,  if  true,  it  is  a 
,  loMndation  fer  a  fiur  mpce  broad  and  apeeping  principlie ;  that  QCJr  stwiy  ctm^ 
mereevith  the  belSgereHt  it  inhibited  te  nentratt  fir  eveSiy  etmmeree  atthtt 
Umin  rettttfmee,  ^.dMnMcciMneMMMM..  A  doctrine  thus  comprehen- 
.  rive,  has  never  yet  bi^  avovved,  and  it  is  ptesumfed  never  will  be.  Tet  such 
mnaibe  the  lb|pcals  concluffoo ;  and  it  shews  irresiytably  the  absiirdity  of  the 
.  assum^  Pfcmnses. 

**  tj^  .nt  qeeutttmdt  m  weff  at  the  unacauttmed  trade,  it  iiithfn  tie 
termt,  ami  matt  ttand  sr  faU  tether.  Either  the  doctrine  is  unround, 
(ES^AND  ASSUMED  AS  A  MERE  PBEtEXT  FOR  PRBOATOHV  SEI- 
ZURES; ei^neutirdb  have  no  rights  as  sucht  and  must  ciulure  the.  oiilaihi- 
ties  inflicted  by  belligerenta  in  a  oohteat  in  frhioh  tbqr  have  no  voice,  and  tn 
which  theyAapreDp^yjiijufT. 
.  *f  Other  conaideratKMfis  add  ibree  to  the  preceding  remailcs.  It  is  well  known 
tkatrin  time  of  war  neutrala  cannot  cany  on.  fwti  their  accustomed  tradie  in 
.  itii^i«9^ent  They  are  prohibited  Ihmt.trading  in  contraband  good*,  and  to 
bliKkodfd  fMM^i*  variations  necessarily  srise  in  the  relations  of  t)ie  liostile 
(Mtwers,  which  the  mfutral  ought  to  possess  a  i^t  to  turn  to  his  profit,  k*  an 
indemnity  fiv  the«bsttvctions  of  bis  old  trade.  Tbese  obstructions  srp  of  a 
very  serious  nature,  s;^  If^exercitedinthemildtttfirm,  thmiproduitetSPr 
PRB8SIVB  SEiUiqilBS  AND  DELAYS,  EXPENSIVE  LITIGATION',  AND 
OFTEN  A  TOTAL  FAILURE  OF  AN  OTHBRWISR  LUCRAtl^  VOY- 
AGE. Reason  would  therefore  seem  to  dephve,  that  for  haxardf  of  this  na- 
ture, the  benefits  srising  to  neutrals  from  war,  are  not  more  than  a  just  equi- 
valent. 

**  It  is  somewhat  singular,  that  q;;;^  a  belligerent  ihimld  inmite  a  trade  rrilk 
itieff,  ithichitdBdaret  fraudulent  mth  ite  enemy  t  and  ihtuldtift  the  arm  •/ 
power  te  eruth  the  neutnd,  whote  conduct  it  criminal  mJyp^ttn  it  eeatet  to  be 
partial/ 

**  Such  sre  the  remarlu  jrour  memhrialists  respectfully  submit  upon  the  rule 

considered  in  itself.   On  this  eauninatitm  they  confess  it  appears  to  them,  fiw- 

.  damentally  incorrect.   QC^/f  tubjectt  commerce  to  Jbutuating  deetnontt  tver- 

throwt  the  ordinary  rulet  ^evidence  t  and  placet  an  immente  power  to  be  wielded 

at  the  vneontrouUMe  ditcretion  iffmagittratea  appmtted  bj/  a  tirwbpar^. 

"  It  therefore  wants  ail  the  discriminative  features  df  a  ftmdamental  pro- 

WMition  of  the  law  of  nations — uniformity,  precision,  and  general  appucs- 

>  bili^.    It  would,  in  their  opinion,  if  established,  create  greater  evila  thafi  it 

professes  to  redress,  by  perpetuating  ttrife,  deitroj/ing  the  emolumentt  ^f  trade, 

embarrmmng   eommereial  ivtercouraf,  and  flCj"   LETTING   LOOSE  THE 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


90 


btnth 
to  be 


PASSIONS  TO  PRET  ON  THE  MiSEBIBS,  AND  PLUNDER  THE  PRO. 
PERTY  OP  THEINNOCEirr*  A  waiiU  HOifMl  neutrab  to  iaxanb  ntarfy 
a»  perilmu  M  thote  •£  actual  hotUMu/  and  Independettt^of  ita  bifluenee 
in  ■timuUtinar  to  reil«n|re  and  retalktioii,  (s:y-  IT  HVOULD  TRAN8PBR 
THE  BRNEHTS  OF  PEACE  TO  ANY  V10TOB1OU8  USURPER  OF  THE 
OCEAN.  , , 

**  But  yoor  memoridists  •!«  uniHIUng  to  test  the  question  on  the  pNeed; 
ing  grounds,  bpwevrr  supported  by  rtsaon.  They  appesl  to  higher  eonside> 
ntionsi  and  (j^  deny  that  the  nik  is,  or  ever  haa  made,  a  part  of  puUie  law, 
or  acquired  by  usi^  or  preseription,  any  authoriW  amoog  nations. 

**  rarery  page  appears  to  give  a  direct  ooQtradietioff.  Th^  adhere  to  the  » 
ancient  interpretation  of  the  law  of  nations,  which  pronounces  that  the 
goods  of  an  enemy  are  Uwftil  prise^  and  those  of  a  friend  free;  that  the 
neutcat,  except  in  case  df  bloekadie  and  contraband,  has  a  right  to  the  uninter- 
rupted pursuit  U  his  oonnneroe,  when  carried  on  with  his  own  properly,  at  dl 
events  m.  a  direct  trade  from  his  own  country. 

**  They  eonceireQII^that  A  it  n«<  wflAte  1A0  oul/brii^  a/ony  notfaii  iv  bjMM 
for  tkt  rttt  /  and  that  the  law  of  nations  being  ibunded  on  the  tacit  convention 
of  the  nations  that  observe  it,  can  be  bindingonly  on  those  nations  who  lums 
adopted  it 

**  It  is  conceded  by  the  British  CSirilians  that  during  the  American  revolu« 
tion  the  doctrine  was  entirely  intermttted,  and  the  commerce  of  rteutnb  was 
pursued  according  to  the  ancient  code.  Many  cases  of  this  period  might  be 
dted  from  the  a£iiralty  iceotds,  which  overthrow  the  rule,  and  oqiressiy  vitt> 
dicate  the  opposite.  If  picoedents  ate  to  decide,  theflCTjudgments  of  a  tribunal 
established  m  Gtecat  Britwn  under  her  sole  appointtnent,  md  acting  with  open 
powers,  must  surely,  when  acquiescence  creates  the  law,  complete  the  renun- 
ciation of  the  contested  rule. 

**  It  is  not  the  least  singuhrity  atten^ng  the  conduct  of.  the  present  war, 
ihaiiSyGreatBritainhatlkentedheraui^ectoinatradetMehthgdekantJ^ 
lent  im  otkrt/  that  (I^«A«  adM(t  them  uHmokitedtomfpfy  her  enemy  vith  meano 
^  mittanee,  when  the  deelaret  eoi^fiwatien  U  the  paitUtjf  tfneuttxd  lueeour. 
Were  the  rule  efeir  ao  just  in  itadf,  it  certunty  demands  rehixaUon,  yAten 
d^the  bO^fm^ent  pi$nalM»  fhepr^,  and  eomriveo  at  the  breach.  If  its  foundation 
be  the  nnkwftilness  of  affording  auistance  to  a  distressed  enemy,  surelyS^it 
oi^ht  not  to  be  enjortednohen  thatattiitanee  ie  an  authorieed olfjeet  ^  opeculatton 
i^^dtetreodnrbeBUferent, 

**  It  }s  elir  pride  to  believe  that  tiie  American  merchants,  with  very  few  ex- 
ceptions, are  as  distinguished  fbr  good  feith  as  any  on  earth.  fl^TAe  bt^iUation 
thrown  on  them  ie  a  madeed  pretence  to  repel  the  odbim  ^f  vexatiouo  injuriett  and 
toexeuaeviolaHonetf  lam,tMeheamMbeJuUi/led. 

**  Yourmemoiialists  viiah  to  take  no  part  in  the  contests  which  nowconvuLe 
the  world  (  but  acting  with  impartiality  towards  all  nations,  to  reap  tiie  fruits   - 
of  a  just  neutrality.    If  hbwever,  conciliation  cannot  effect  the  purpose  of   ' 
justice,  sndQ:;^  AN  APPEAL  TO  ARMS  be  the  lastand  necessary  ^tection  ef 
honour,  theyfeel  no  disposition  to  decUne  the  common  danger,  w  shrink  from 
the  common  contribution. 

**  Relying  on  the  wisdom  and  firmness  of  the  general  govemmsait  in  thia 
behalf  they  feel  no  hesiUtion  to  PLEDGE  THEIR  LIVES  and  PROPERTIES 
in  mf^tort  of  the  meaturet  whi^  nu^  be  adipfed  to  vindicate  the  ptdSe  rffhtOt 
and  redreto  UiepMic  wrongt." 


John  Hathome, 
Joseph  Sprague, 
Jonathan  Bfuon, 

•Sofan,  Jan.  20, 1806. 


Benj.  Cmwninshield,  jun.^ 

Joseph  White,  jun.  >  Commitlee. 

Jooeph  Stocy.  3 


V.M» 


IQD 


TiW  qi4vpi  paANCji. 


CHAPTER  XYU. 

/omi  pUd§e  cf  tupport, 

^  I  99Q  th9  reader  viU  «levot(»  •  fe^  initiiii«9  to  «  re-pe- 
riisal  of  these  important*  these  iQTaliMble  ooeiiments.  With* 
oqt  beiring  In  mind  their  contents*  it  is  impossible  to  form  a 
oorr0ct  estimate  of  tl^o  policy  of  this  cpni^^^  or  of  the  merits 
mid  demerits  nf  the  two  parties^  who9e  senfeless*  and  ^qveii- 
omed,  and  inftiriated  hostility*  ¥Pasof  late  rapidly  aendinc 
to  perdition  the  noblest  country,^  the  happiest  peonleii  and 
the  best  form  <i^  goveftiment  in  the  wo^< 

We  most  not  forget  for  an  instant*  the  ea^se  of  aU  thim» 
impassbned  qomplaints*  these  invojcations  of.  redress*  these 
pledge^  of  sttppoH.  f  |i|a  is  tlie  most  Important'  Iteii^  ii^  the 
affair.  It  was  simply  the  right  to  re-e^pMi  ih^  pj^'m^tiofis 
of  the  colonies  of  the  enemies  Of  Great  Britain*— a  right* 
iiowever  dear  and  iif^efeasiMe*  which  wai  whoQy  (iiif(ss«n- 
iia)  to  the  prosperity  of  oar  ^ui|tl7*  Wfi  plight  ^^^^  w>a^- 
doned  it  wi^dt  the  sacrifice  of  an  iota  of  the  happiness  of 
o«r  citiaten(i»  or  the  real  honoiir  of  the  nate^ 

No  man  of  decency  ean  deny*  a%ir  ti^e  perm^l  of  these 
documents*  that  the  mercantile  citizens  nil  tjie  tJ||iied  SM^s 
urged-i-it  would  not  be  extravagairt  to  say^  gQa«ed-->the 
Hovemment  into  a  resistance  of  the  hi|^:^|iarided  andoppi«s- 
sive  pretensions  ^ndoutrfigee  of  Qreat  l^l^itaiii*  E^et^  fiar- 
agraph  establishes  this  important  fact.  tV  expredsiofi  of 
the  public  seittiment  on  this  subject*  wasneaifiy  simultuieous 
Ikvm  Newbury  port  to  Baltiniore. 

That  they  calculated  upon  war*  as  the  dernier  X9m)^»  is 
ehvious  from  the  phraseology.  It  cannot  be  misunaerstood. 
When  the  Boston  mer«>.hants  express  their  relii^iee  that 

<•  Such  mearares  wiU  be  promptljr  Mitwied,  M  if  ill  Mind  tp  dii^mWnrMf  fpifi* 
Morce.  ASSSRT  QUit  RIGHTS,  wa  fURpon  Um  4ignHy  9^  ttpc  Vv^M\ 
States," 

it  would  be  absurd  and  ridiculous  to  suppose  these  mc^astres 
were  to  be  limited  tp  mere  negoci^tioi^*  the  utte^  |M|fl|eacy 
of  which  had  been  so  often  experiinced.  A  ellHfi  W0Ul4 
spurn  at  the  idea  ot^supporHitg  thf  dignity  oftht  PniU^l^taUs** 
by  negociation  alone.  This  had  alreijidy  oeen  feiiitl4  1p  be  a 
▼ery  feeble  resource,  and  might  have  been  protracted  for  an 
age*  without «  asserting  any  if  our  rights.**  '|'heir  views  were 
not  so  limited.  No.  War*  war*  war*  must  indubitably  have 
been  in  their  contemplation*  should  negociation  have  an  un- 
favourable  issue. 


Ci 
actei 
on  V 

••T 
natioai 
•hould 

they  i 

"If  I 

tbcirpa 

Wh 

"Rel 
ment,  tc 

they  n 

WAR 

whost 

ingsir 

govern 

And 

^^n  i 

"flrrt 

did  not 
pledge 

*'Aeea 

sinttci 
Andi 

*«ReIi« 
o«tbe«bi 

and  tlia 

•*  Ajll 
tatnt,- 

ean  that 
calcalftti 
plish  thf 
Andc 
be  found 

dicate  and 

lame 
memorla 
and  open 
States  in 
eutand 
^  Butth 
jectofwj 
They  lea 
anambigi 


SWiSm.**'"*!^ 


i?ifS>. 


W^vf* 


THS  OLVrt  BRANCH. 


wt 


'""  Can  any  man  of  conunon  sense  dottbt>  can  any  man  of  cbar- 
acter»  deny»  that  f he  mereliaat<i  of  Philadelphia  calculated 
on  W4Ry.whCD>  after  having  SQ^^gesteid, 

•«  TbM  evtrv  onmuic  not  incoosiMent  with  t^e  booMr  and  intuMta  of  the 
natkn;  by  which  the  gmt  objtttt  of  Ndiiat  and  Mcoritjr  might  ba  atttuacd* 
ahould  be  firat  tried,'* 

theyadd^ 

"  If  aiKh  iMaanifa  ahoiid  pnw  incflactnal,  whatinrar  my  be  tha  aacrifioa  on 
their  part,  it  will  be  awt  with  sabnuiaioa.'* 

When  the  merehants  of  Newbuiryp(»t 

**  Rely  with  confidence  on  the  FlRMMlfA  and  JUSTICE  of  th«  govern* 
nent,  to  obtain  for  them  coapeniation  and  protection," 

they  must  have  been  insane.  If  they  did  not  calculate  upon 
'WAR  as  the  vUima  rfiH»,  These  are  the  worthy  citizens 
who  stand  recorded  in  the  annals  of  their  country,  as  hav- 
iag  sirce  patriaHcailiif  vlitdmtA  themselves  to  resist  their  own 
government,  «  £V£N  UNTO  BLOOD." 

And  who  can  pretend,  that  the  merchants  of  Newhaven, 
when  tbey  eaHea  upon  the  government 

«  f  iriMy  to  Mtiat  every  encroachment  open  the  rtghta  of  neutral  natioaa,** 

did  not  ealcidate  t^n  war  ?  And  di<!  they  not  most  solemiy 
pledge  themselves,  when  they  tendered  the  ' 

•'  Aaaitfaneea  of  Uh^  dia^ition  to  give  aid  and  soppoct  to  EVERY  MEA* 
SURE  catoalated  to  accomptiah  thia  inqMNrtaat  objcet.*' 

And  when  the  New-' York  merchants  declared  their 

**  Rdlanoe  opon  the  government  of  their  eouAtry,  that  their  riglita  woidd 
iMtbe«bMidoned,** 

and  that  the  crisis  required 

•'  Ax.1.  TBS  BMtfBoVf  aa  well  m  the  prudence  and  wisdom  of  the  eovem- 
ment,"  ' 

can  there  be  found  a  man  who  will  pretend  tiiat  war  was  not 
calcnlftted  on,  unless  other  means  might  he  fbund  to  accom* 
plish  the  end  in  i^iew  2    It  cannot  be. 

And  can  there  be  a  more  explicit  pledge  given,  than  is  to 
be  found  at  the  close  of  their  memorial^ 

"  We  pledge  our  united  support  in  favour  of  all  the  mcaanrea  adopted  to  vin- 
dicate and  secure  the  just  eights  of  our  country." 

I  am  credibly  informed  that  there  are  subscribed  to  this 
memorial,  names  of  persons  who  lately  prayed  fervently 
and  openly,  for  the  destruction  oi  the  armies  of  the  United 
States  invading  Canada !  Thif)  is  most  wonderfully  consist- 
ent and  patriotic. 

But  the  merchants  of  Salem  are  more  explicit  on  the  sub- 
ject of  war  than  any  of  their  mercantile  brethren  elsewhere. 
They  leave  no  room  for  inference  or  supposition.  They  most 
unambiguously  declare  their  views. 


1102  THE  OLIVE  BRANCH.   . 

"  If,  however,  concilwtion  cunol;  t ftct  the  pmpoN,  Md  AN  APPEAL  TO 
ARMS  be  the  laat  and  neoeuarjr  protection  of  hoaoyr,  they  feel  no  ditpoiition 
to  dediote  the  common  danger,  or  •hritok  from  the  common  ctrntribotlpn,'^ 

And  was  there  ever,  since  the  woHd  was  forAed;  a  mora 
fldemn  pledge  given,  than  the  one  with  which  they.doiM 
their  meniorlaly  and  which  I  here  repeat —  < 

*'  Relying  on  the  witdbm  and  firmneu  of  the  general  government,  ia  thie  be* 


half,  they  feel  no  beeitatlon^  {0"  to  pledge  their  lives  and  properties  hi  auppffrt 
of  the  mcasoret  which  may  he  admited  to  VINDICATE  TU] 
RIGHT,  AND  REDRESS  THE  PUBLIC  WRONGS." 


In  the  next  chapter,  I  shall  investigate  the  question^  how 
faHS^e  pledges  were  redeemed. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Character  of  merchamU  hf  Bdmund  Burfoi.  Illiberal  and  an- 
fmnded.  MsrchanU  as  variom  in  eharaeleras  other  dageea 
of  men,  American  merchants  nhrewd  aad  inkXligtaL  Most 
lamentably  blinded  b^  faction  to  their  dearest  ini^sts,  JBic- 
ample  of  England' Worthy  _  of  imitation,  Stmg^s  between 
ins  and  outs,  JUl  unite  against  the  common  enemy*  Jtaeri- 
can  fac^ons  moire  deleterious  than  those  in  England, 

Edmuhp  Burke  has  left  on  record  a  most  unfavourable 
character  of  merchants,  which  has  been  a  thousand  times 
quoted  to  their  disparagement.  He  has,  if  my  memwy  do 
not  deceive  me,  asserted,  that  they  "have  no  national  attach- 
ments or  patriotism— that  their  ledger  is  their  Bible— rand 
gold  their  God. 

This  cEaracter  is  unfounded  and  illiberal.  All  sweeping 
denunciations  of  entire  classes  are  uiyust.  The  merchants 
are  as  various  in  their,  characters  as  any  other  description  of. 
men.  There  are  among  them  numbers  of  persons  cf  the 
highest  respectability—great  patriotism — a  high  «ense  of 
honour — great  liberality— and  possessing  all  the  other  vir- 
tues that  can  adorn  the  human  character.  There  are  like- 
wise some  as  base  and  vile  as  the  others  are  excellent. 

There  is  nothing  in  mercantile  affairs  or  commerce,  that 
has  a  tendency  to.  deteriorate  those  who  follow  the  profession. 
It  is  inconceivable  how  it  should  be  otherwise.  Hie  large 
scale  on  which  commerce  is  conducted,  is  rathet  calculated 
to  expand  than  iltiberalize  the  mind. 

Moreover,  a  considerable  portion  of  the  merchants  having 
enijoyed  the  advantages  of  the  best  education,  must,  from 
that  circumstance  alone,  have  a  fair  chance  of  nut  meriting 
ti^o  denunciation  of  Edmund  Burke. 


THE  OLIVE  BRA)«C]r. 


1(M 


That  the  American  merchants  are,  in  general,  shrewd,  in- 
telligent, and  penetrating,  cannot  be  denied.  They  are,  in 
these  respects,  at  least  on  a  level  with  the  merchants  of  any 
other  country. 

It  must,  however,  be  acknowledged,  that  in  the  coarse  the^l 
bave  steered  from  the  commencement  of  the  year  1806,  when 
,  the  jtreoeding  memorials  w6re  presented  to  Congress,  till 
ine  declaration  o^  war,  and  during  its  continuance,  they  have 
been  as  lamentably  blind  ta  their  own  vital  interests,  and  to 
tlie  highest  interests  Of  their  country,  as  if  they  were  almost 
altogether  deficient  of  the  reasoning  faculty.  They  *^av«> 
inflicted  incalculable  ii\jury  on  both.  Indeed,  so  intimately 
in  this  ease  were  these  interests  connected,  that  both  ivere» 
and  must  necessarily  be,  equally  affected  by  the  same  wound. 
I  hope  to  make  this  appear  to  their  eonvietion,  and  that  of 
the  public. 

The  reader  has  seen  that  the  mercantile  part  of  t|ie  com- 
munity felt  the  highest  indignation  in  1806,  at  the  preten- 
«ibnis  of  England  to  limit  the  American  trade  in  the  colonial 
produetions  of  her  enemies ;  that  they  very  strongly  remon- 
strated with  the  government  to  resist  those  pretensions ;  and 
that  they  pledged  thevMelves  to  their  eoufi$ry  and  to  the  woiiif 
to  iupport  the  gcroemment  in  whtUtoer  measures  mighi  he  necet- 
sary  to  obtain  redrens^-ahvioushft  evidently,  and  undeniahtfeom- 
iempUMngerowipar  with  aU  Us  horron.  I  propose  to  examine 
how  far  their  practice  corresponded  with  their  professions 
and  pledges. 

The  pacific  measures  adopted  to  effect  the  object  of  their 
desires  were— a  prohibition  of  the  importation  of  some  of  the 
most  important  of  the  manufactures  of  Great  Britain — an 
embargo,  when  the  iiyuries  we  experienced  fh>m  that  nation 
had  vastly  increased — and  iion-inteieourse. 

Did  the  American  merchants  redeem  their  pledge  ?  Did 
they  preserve  their  faith  ?  Did  they  support  the  government 
in  all  or  uiy  of  these  measures  7  -  - 

No.  They  indubitably  did  not.  There  is  not  a  candid 
federalist  from  New-Hampshire  to  Georgia,  that  wiH  assert, 
that  the  merchants,  as  a  corps^  supported  the  government  in 
any  one  of  these  measures.  I  say  distinctly,  as  a  corps* 
There  were  illustrious  exceptions.  But  tiif  fidelity  of 
these  exceptions  in  redeeming  their  pledge  was  uhavdltng. 
QJ*  Thepk^  was  forfeited  ftj  the  eoips^-compUielyfbifoited. 

The  dear,  indisputaole,  and  melancholy  fact  is,  that  after 
having  impelled  and  goaded  the  government  into  measures 
to  procure  redress,  they  aot  merely  withheld  their  support 
from  those  measures,  but  actually  as  far  as  depended  on  them, 
prevented  their  success.    They  hung  hostilely  on  the  skirts 


,#. 


104 


TBI  OUVB  BRANCH. 


iil'll 


of  the  goreramentf  and  defeated  the  emhargOf  noa-iiiter- 
eoursey  and  all  the  other  restrietive  ineasuree. 

I  haye  thua  far  considered  the  point  as  it  respeeted  their 
plighted  faith,  and  the  ohHgation  they  therebjr  inearred  to 
support  the  ^vernment  in  measures  which  had  arisen  out  of 
their  memorials,  remonstrances  and  solemn  friedges. 

I  now  enter  on  the  eonsiderktion  of  their  conduct,  as  it 
demonstrates  an  unparalleled  blindness  towards  their  own 
interests,  and  those  of  their  oonntry. 

Whatever  mi^udglng  prejudice,  or  faction,  devotion  to 
England,  or  hostility  to  France  may  pretend,  the  sidemn 
fact  is,  that  the  United  States  were  must  grievously  outraged 
and  injured  by  Great  Britain.  The  viulenee  or  excesses  of 
France,  enormous,  and  inlquUous,  and  indefensible  as  they 
Were,  aftrded  no  justification  to  those  of  her  enemy.  **  Re- 
taliation," in  the  words  of  Mr.  Bayard  and  Mr,  JJmti,*  **  wan 
A  MERE  PRETENCE.*'  ^  If  A  rob  me  (^  my  hat,  it 
does  wdf allow  that  B  hata  rigMto  retaUate  on  IIIM,  hy  robr 
Hng  ME  efmy  coai  or  waistcoat.  And  still  less,  if  A  threaien 
to  rob  me,  but  has  not  the  power  to  do  it,  has  B  the  right  to 
rei^iaie  on  km  by  robbing  me.  France  pretended  to  block- 
ade Englaad,  and  seize  neutral  vessels  bound  there—but 
was  unaUo  to  effect  her  purpose  through  her  destitution  of 
naval  power.  England  retaliated  itpeii  France  by  ssiznra 
OUR  TESSEIJS  bound  to  that  country ;  and  persevered  in  thttt 
lawless  course  for  entire  years,  having  depredated  on  the 
United  States  to  the  Amount  of  many  millions,  and  with  every 
q>ecies  of  aggravation,  oi  which  sueh  an  outrage  is  suscep- 
tible— and  fbnooth  QJ^mll  was  perpetrated  to  pmnshFrancef 
whom  she  was  at  the  same  time  swpj^ing  with  emr  produeUons 
iersdf! !  !  There  is  not  in  the  history  of  the  world  any  erni- 
duet  more  gross  or  less  defensible. 

When  we  are  laid  in  our  graves,  and  our  factions  and  eon- 
lesions  are  buried  in  oblivifm,  posterity  will  pass  a  heavy 
sentence  of  condemnation  upoh  these  odious,  these  -  oppres- 
sive, these  scandalous  transactions.  I  am  sure  such  is  the 
decision  <^  all  impartial  and  unprejudiced  men  in  Eiurope. 
I  would  forfeit  a  world,  were  I  possessed  of  one,  if  this  he  not 
«  Alexander  the  deliverer's"  sentiment. 

That  America  has  been  the  aggrieved  nation,  and  Eng- 
land whdly  the  aggressor,  is  palpidile  ilnom  one  eireumstance. 
In  all  the  dijrfomatic  intercourse  that  has  taken  place  between 
the  cabinet  of  St.  James's  and  that  at  Washington,  the  ftrmer 
has  hardly  ever  made  the  slightest  C(miplaiht  ^  injnstice 


length. 


TnasttlMcqaeiUolM^r,  IthaUqaoteUiesenliiBenttaf  tiMMgenOaiiica  *tAiH 
iJi. 


Tm  m4y^  yiuifOH. 


fg^Mt  jtbe  Utter*  except  iMCMiiMwUy  oC  fturMitf  if««or4l 
Frauu,  Tbis*  if  it  roean  imy  tliinib  nmM  ^er^inlir  wtm 
that  0::;^  1P«  ft^re  Wrmk  4*rr»Mim,JmniU,  •«4  ««^'Ai#,  IMf* 
patienUif  tHn  Bng^  ^miragt,  im»U,un4  dij^mfalMni.  If  it 
We  any  other  meaiUog*  I  shaU  b^  gn4Uw4  i»  have  it  i|e»| , 
monstrated. 

We  ini|iota4  oq  fraix^e  oae  solU*  svl^taiitia)*  impoitaBt* 
and  moist  f)eatrac;ti?»iiOiiry»  AK>n>  whiob  ISogla«d  wa«  whoUy 
free.  We  uni^wmly  9K]iivitte4  from  I79S  to  iiM$»  to  tbt 
vioIatipB  of  f  «r  i^utrality*  to  the  materia)  h«»efttof  oaf  hel" 
ligen^nt  and  evtremie  diaad?antage  of  the  other.  Qy  Our 
GtmmrdQi  mrin^  wof  #  amfi^ni  wuntryiar  Qr§tii  Bril9in»  t§ 
sumiy  her  a^ivy  ytUh  $eanu%  taanmty  ana  iutrui  hMfeiuxmi/* 
This  wwi  a  fonotaat  oaupe  of  war  agaiast  w  by  Franee* 
}t  was  in  oiraot  hottiUty  with  fipiidameaN  prigeipii^  of  tho 
law  of  iiatipas.  It  wm  afbrding  a  moit  deeiaive  and  aU-ikat 
portaat  «id  to  one  helliferea^  for  the  deetruotioii  of  the  other* 
to  aa  enormpno  ^Unt,l  beiiov^  impar^Ueled  ia  the  history  of 
jSiirope. 

It  will  mU  dfom  the  firemisea*  ho  denied*  that  trvm  tha 
dee)arati«ii  of  war  bet^eea  Fraaee  and  ]Sagland»  the  latter 
PQW^  oonatail^y  made  inroadp  ii!ion  us^-and  we  at  constanti' 
ly  sought  redress — and  that  our  ^irin^ipal  grievances  wera 
theo<)trafl;e0  praotjaed  oa  ouraewmen*  and  tl^  reiterated  and 
into^erahla  iiuringemeat  of  our  cM^mmeroisl  rights  and  privi-r 
legef, 

IJador  this  riew  of  the  (mae,  tho  correetness  of  which  will 
nott  I  trvstf  he  dispMted»  what  course  onght  an  enlightened 
hody  of  merchant^  to  steer  ? 

i9aBli9se  them  patftotic,  and  pabliejipirited*  and  nAgnani- 
mous ;  a  regard  to  the  national  hwiQur  and  interest  wou\A  inpel 
them  to  upliald  the  goyemment  of  their  own  country  in  a  strug- 
gle against  tkif  lawiess  o^ti^gea of  a  foreign  nation.  But  even 
suppose  them  ^spe»  nordid*  seliisbf  ayarloious*  and  without  a 
single  oparl^  of  patriotism*  public  spirit*  or  liberality,  ought 
not  tbejr  very  seltshneiut  dictate  &e  same  course  i    How 
could  they  fail  tp  soe  that  every  step  they  took  ta  harrass*  to 
cripple^  embtirrajps  their  own  governmonti was  a  atep  towards 
ennabUng  thi^  foreign  and  aggressing  nation,  to  triumph  over 
their  cwntry*  and  to  enANPCO  its  claims >  to  the  manifest  and 
immansi^  iiuury  of  Uieir  own  most  vital  interests  ?    I  should 
pity  the  (ataity  of  a  lad  who  had  been  bat  six  weeks  in  a 
ConntingKhiiAiac,  and  did  not  at  once  pereeivo  the  eogancy  of 
these  argvmiefnta.    Tbia  iioint  is  dear*  and  plain*  and  con- 
vincing in  theory.  But  it  does  not  rest  on  theory.  We  have  a 
strong  and  praetiaal  iUastration  of  it  by  our  own  melancholy 
e^VCrienee,  an  i)lDstrati(w  wkieh  tho  merchants  of  this  coun- 


lOft 


THBOUVE  BRANCH. 


try  will  .feng  Iwft  eauM  to  depl<N«.  By  the  JMobinle«l,  and 
MditioiMf  and  diaorfaniiingtoabbatioos  to  oppose  the  mea- 
■Ares  ealeulated  to  proeure  redreM»  Englaiid  wm  enahled  to 
enforce  the  orders  in  eoaneU  for  four  years  and  an  half  i 
wherehy,  during  sixteen  months,  she  interdieted  oilr  trade 
with  all  Europe  exeept  Sweden  and  her  own  dependeneies : 
that  is  to  say»  ^^$Mjbriade  u$  to  (rotfe  iHfUh  about  me  hum- 
ind  and  thirhf  mUlioni  ^  the  people  ef  AirMe^— For  the  re- 
mainder of  the  time*  when  she  somewhat  relaxed  herorder8» 
(jlT*  eht  pmeriked  omr  traie  witk  at  kaetMf  miWons. 

JTeVer  has  the  sun  in  his  course  heheld  sueh  transoendent» 
sueh  lamentable,  sueh  irreparable  folly  as  the  merehanto 
of  the  United  States  have  been  guilty  of  in  this  instance. 
Throughout  the  whole  of  the  arduous  conflict  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  Q^  thop  have  comtoMttp, 
and  iavarioMyt  and  most  energeHeaO/fi  thwart^  and  harrati' 
§dt  and  emkarraaed  their  own  government.  They  have  de- 
fended .the  conduct  of  Britain  throughout— and  as  constantly 
laboured,  in  the  face  of  reason.  Justice,  and  common  sense, 
to  put  their  Own  naUon  in  the  wronj^.  And  for  what  end  ? 
Odh^  eerve  the  purposee  of  party  ;  (tj*  to  enaUe  a  few  am- 
oiHoue  meti^  who  were  out  y^ffieei  anapanted  to  get  in,  to  ac- 
qomplieh  tide  object  /  /  / 

I  once  more  wish  to  qualify  these  obseryations.  There 
were  here,  as  iii  a  former  case,  splendid  exceptions  among 
the  merchants,  citiaens  who  displayed  the  most  exalted  pa^ 
triotism.  ^hese  exceptions  da  not  invalidate  the  rule.  I 
speak  of  the  merehanto  as  a  corps  ;•— for  it  is  thus  only  they 
can  be  considered  in  this  discussion  ;— as  their  operations  on 
the  g^yerninent'and  nation  were  felt— and  more  particularly, 
^  they  acted  in  the  eastern  states. 

Any  one  of  tJM  three  pacific  measures  adopted  by  this  |o- 
Tcmmcnt,  had  it  been  duly  supported  by  the  mercantile  in- 
terest, would  have  obliged  Great  Britain  to  redress  our 
wrongs,  and  very  speedily.  We  should  then  have  enjoyed 
an  unshackled  commerce.  And  had  our  merehanto,  either 
from  patriotism  or  selfishness,  submitted  to  a  short  tempora- 
ry privation  of  business,  they  wovid  have  been  repaid  bva 
tenfiidharveet  of  mod  IncraJUve  iovmerce.  But  faction  fed 
them  astray.  They  rendered  wholly  nugatory  all,  the  mea- 
sures adopted  to  guard  their  interests,  and  to  extort  justice 
for  their  wrongs.  Great  Britain  was  thus  encouraged  to 
proceed  in  her  aggressions.  This  led  to  a  wasting  war.  To 
the  hostile  opposition  of  the  mercantile  class,  therefore,  we 
may  fairly  ascribe  ito  ravages. 

In  all  the  wild',  frantic,,  and  fatuitous  career  of  faction— 
from  tlie  earliest  records  of  time  to  the  present  day,  I  be- 


THE  OUVB  BRANCH. 


107 


lleve  there  if  no  parallel  eue.  Never  did  in  intelUgentf 
enUglitened  Mid  respectable  body  of  men*  make  ao  immenae* 
10  wanton*  ao  irrecoverable  a  aacriftee  of  their  deareat  in- 
tereato^  and  ao  completely  contrary  to  the  dietatea  of  reaaoa 
and  eonmon  aenae. 

liey  ani  a^f'iiitereit  would  dictate  that  tnoa  c<mtett»  with 
fimgnnahont,  he  ought  to  heiupporiedunUst  matt  mam{feitl^ 
and  egregioudjf  unjwt,  QJ^Pumc  spirit  and  seyiihnetM  eqim^ 
(y  eomHne  to  enjbrct  thi$  preempt. 

Bam  froiuceiMleiitfy  tuperimr  Great  Britain  towen  over  «•» 
in  thiM  reipeeti  What  a  raUime  laton  ihe  hdd»  out— what  a 
wMe  exaa^  ihe  offtre  n»  tofoliow. 

She  iatom  by  fhction  like  America.  There  ia  a  constant 
atriiggle  between  the  incumbents  in  office  and  those  who 
pant  after  the  seats  they  fill.  But  whenever  the  honour  <ir 
▼itU  interest  of  the  nation  is  at  stake,  party  in  a  §^at  mea- 
sure ^ea  away,  or»  at  leaat,  hecomea  incapable  of  Injuring 
thecdjlmon  cau8e---all  unite  under  the  national  atandard— 
and»  tiU  the  end  in  view  ia  accomplished*  distinctions  are 
almost  wholly  lost  in  one  common  designation*  suppiurtera  of 
their  coiintry'a  interest  and  honour. 

Not  so  in  America.  It  is  a  fatal  truth*  that  at  the  mo- 
ment* when  this  page  was  written*  [Sept.  1814)]  when  nit 
merely  our  interest*  and  our  honour*  liut  even  our  very  aal- 
vation  waa  jeopardized*  faction  raged  in  many  plaeei  with 
unabated  viUence;  and  wicked  men  were  incessanttv  em- 

Sloyed  in  exciting  our  cttinens  to  imbrue  their  haikds  in  the 
kmd  of  their  countrymen**  instead  of  preparing  to  oppose  a 
vindictive  enemy.  May  the  Qod  of  peace  an^  love*  diapel 
the  clouds  that  impend  over  us— banish  our  discords— and 
once  more  unite  us  in  the  bonds  of  harmoniy  and  charity  to- 
wards each  other.    Amon. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

BriiUh  Depredation*  brought  on  the  tapie  in  ihe  S^aate  of  the 
Ikited  SUOes.  Condemnatory  Besdutions  passed.  Jmssrs. 
Fickering,  HiUhouse,  Bayard,  and  Tracy,  in  the  ^rma- 
ivtie.  Ambassador  extraordinary  to  England.  British  gMds 
prdhihited. 

Iir  consequence  of  the  presentation  of  the  mercantile 
memorials*  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  took  the  subject 

*  This  vru  the  inevitable  tendency,  although  Dot  the  declar^  puipoie,  of  a 
Ttiy  oonsidenUe  number  of  the  publication*  in  certain  newapapen. 


imS  OLltB  ttHAKCII. 


m 


mn  tlMir  nMt  Mrkral  eonsMcr ■tlon  i  aiid  pmt^  the  fol. 
Iiirinf  ll«Miliitioii,  on  the  lOth  Feh.  i8M. 

••  RMdviri  tbflt  the  MpMM  and  condtranstloA.  iiM«.o;tlm  6f  ;Im  trltUi^ 
fVNMiiiffM,  Mid  ■d)«iiMik>n»  of  tlMir  tomt  t4  tdminthf,  of  AmriiMi  ««[k 
Mb  and  tlwir  cwgots,  on  th«  prottJit  of  thoir  being  ■■■lui»i  In  n  tadh  wHh 
•ko  nrnrnkn  of  Omt  Brinln  ofoMUMd  in  tiaM  of  £MM»  itfTTAN  UNPRp. 
tOKED  AGUll^^  UPOW  THE  PROPeRlIt  UP  raT  ClTIXKNS  Otf 
tHB  UlirrBirSTATB8-^<rr  a  VIOLATIOlf  OP  THnil  NBtmiAl 
|I1UHT8*AN0  ffT  AM  EflCMMCHMBMT  VPttlT  TlflUil  NATIONAL 
fNOEPBNDBNCE?'* 

I  hope  the  reader  will  attentivelj  penite  this  retelaUoo 
It  ie  dear  and  explicit*  It  aolemmy  mrotetta  afaimt  uie 
reTital  of  the  exploded  ruk  of  the  war  <»ftr56»  aa 

**  Ao  eneroMhment  upon  the  uUoui  Indopwrftnie,  wad  ft  viqtoli»;  rtnm  Mtw 
tndrighte'* 

Stronger  language  (iould  not  well  be  oied.  TTlia  rt^ders 
it  peculiarly  reniarkable»  ia»  that  It  was  oai  /led  hyOj^ua 
wumimoui  vote  ^the  Senak,  28  membera  preaent.  But  se- 
condly and  ehie^|r,  l  beg  it  may  be  borne  in  eternal  remem- 
brance* Uiat  ameng  the  names  of  the  senators  who  ihtti  vo- 
ted, are  tp  be  found  those  of  Messrs.  PICKERINOrHill- 
bouse.  Bayard,  and  Tracy. 

Another  resolution,  passed  February  14,  stands  in  these 

words)— 

«•  Resolved,  tV».f  ihe  piwident  of  tiw  United  StMOft  bo  wqaetted  (ry^  to 
DfiRlAND  the  reeteratien  of  the  prfperty  of  their  citiieat  captured  •ndcon' 
demned  -m  tht  fintettef  if  beivg  empkyed  in  a  tradt  wtb  the  tMnUtt 
^OfeaiSrlmik,  firohMmd  U  Uruofttaut  ttiti  Qj^hk  tmkmiilfieiuim  ^ 
tmh  Jtmri^m  ^tiatiu  fnr  4hnr  Uttm  om  damagtt  tutMiinod  by  tbeoe  oap> 
tttNtMdoondemiiationai  and  to  enter  into  such  arrangenenU  witbtbaNri* 
tiah  government,  on  thew  and  dl  other  diflBnrencea  between  the  two  nationi, 
faMd  particolwiy  Napecting  o:7tbe  tMt>RE8S>IKNT  OP  AMERICAN 
BR  AMEN)  aa  may  be  eooalatem  with  the  hoQddr  and  ihttrcits  of  the  United 
Statet.  atad  maalfeat  their  •amast  desire^  for  thenweW^  and  their  citiaaai,  «f 
that  jpaatice  <o  which  they  are  entitled."t 

There  was  a  division  upon  this  resdution.  It  was  carried 
by  twenty  affirmative,  against  six  negative  votes.  Messrs. 
PICKERING,  Hillhouse,  Bay^r  U  ;^tid  Tracy  were  in  the 
affirmative,  fi,'>  on  the  Ibrmer  renoii'tx.^^ 

To  obtain  redress  from  Gr  ;i'  Hr.'M-.i,  four  ...oues  pre- 
sented themselves—negotiation — iion-intercourse— embargo; 

and  war. 

The  first  in  order  required  to  be  first  essayed.  Accord- 
ingly the  administration  entered  upon  negotiation.  Mid,  to 
ai'tach  more  solemnity  to  it,  Mr.  Wm.  Pinkney  was  ap- 
point' d  minister  extr^MrdinM^,  and  united  with  Mr*  Mon- 
foe,  ^hen  resident  at  the  eourt  of  St.  Jameii^s. 

*  jMrnab  «f  the  Senate  for  1806— pege  ISft 

flfen,  p(i{f6l31,  ,      ■:■  ■ 


iBa< 
ofGj 
Unit< 
portM 

•AH 
"All 


Woi 


■rayi 

"wC 

••gM»e 
"fcpe 
••NaC 
"Mau 
"MiM 
"Flayh 
♦•Been 

This 
complia 
means  < 
sions,  a 
wish  to 
prevent 
15th  of  1 
Thus  re] 
trewitiei 
had  becj 
entmode 
forbearai 
StOlfu 
peaee,  tb 
1806,  til 
dent  was 
shoyU  rei 
Moiiiay  « 
Here  Ic 
fered  defi] 
by  the  re 
whieh  had 
nopreviai 
reco«rae^ 
which  warn 
nieasure 
<*derto  mi 
greater  foi 
«<l4Uited. 


THE  OLIVE  NUNGH. 


109 


'to  give  the  nesfMiieU**  e  gr^Mar  Ukelihaod  of  luccoss* 
in  act  WW  pMflrti^*  niaki  jf  e  etroag  eppeal  to  the  into  reel 
ofGrett  Britain.  B^  this  aet»  tlie  infmrtation  into  Hm 
United  BUtea  waa  problbited»  of  a  irafi«qr  ef  iier  noet  im- 
portant niaanfaet«rea»  viz. 

«•  AN  MtMM  af  vMah  iMtbtr  It  tlw  BMttrial  of  •Mef  mtaa. 

•«  AU  MrMNoT  wlitob  lUk  M  tba  ButarW  of  ehbr  «sl«* 

••  AflaftUlMflr#hMilMmp«rflax  UtiM  mattiWor^Mrvthie. 

««MiM<lllnofwy«haB  orbnMbUMailttria  of  ahtor  vvkMi,  oab  *e«to  ex 


Mrtjrard. 
««Wff 


iavqiM  priwH  ihall  «iMed  flv* 


Herlini  p«C 


>WaalMhiriii7«r«Nklwta.     . 
*•  W&dov  gta  Mtf  li  1^  nvwNtan*  of  ghM. 
•*8Uv«rwlpteMdvSM. 

••NJlitiidipikM. 

*•  Mau  MM  «Hithin|  rMdjr  mtdc. 

*' Pkfiai^Mnte  . 

"JBa^ft  aK  Mdportmri  •adpMamindpriBtt.*' 

Thia  aet  waa  paaae^  on  the  iSth.  day  of  April,  1806>  in 
compliant^  with  the  remonatraneea  of  the  nMrehantat  as  a 
means  c^  Inducing  England  to  ^andon  her  nmust  preten- 
slons;  and  to  cea^e  her  depredations.  And  with  a  laudably 
wish  to  aUbrd  her  time  to,  w^gh  its  ooni^quenceai  and  ^ 
prevent  a  runture*  its  operation  was  not  to  commence  tUl  the 
16th  of  the  KoUowing  N<Mr«niber»  a  period  of  aeven  au>ntha« 
Thus  reluot;ant  was  owr  government  to  l^ave  recourse  to  ex- 
tremities* n<rtwlthstandl9^  the  grievous  provoeatioM  th^t 
had  been  offered^  It  ia  impossible  to  conceive  a  mor«  lenjii 
entmodeof  proceedingf  or  one  reflecting  more  credit  on  tiie 
forbearance  of  an  injured  and  insulted  natioi|. 

S^  further  to  evii^ce  the  wiah  of  our  riilers  to  prefierv(^ 
peace*  ^e  operation  of  tbis  act  was  suspended  in  Deeembep' 
1806»  till  the  1st  of  July  lS07j=---and  moreover,  the  presi. 
dent  was  autborised*  «  if  in  his  judgment  the  public  good 
shoidd  require  it*  to  suspend  it  still  farther  till  the  second 
Monday  of  December  |n  the  same  year.*' 

Here  let  us  pause  a  moment.  The  United  States  had  suf- 
iered  depredations  on  their  commerce  to  an  enormous  aroountj^ 
by  the  revival  of  a  pretended  rule  of  the  law  of  nationa*  - 
whieh  had  been  formally  abandoned,  and  of  which  revival 
no  previous  notice  had  been  given.  And  ipstead  of  having 
recoarae  to  reprisals,  or  to  a  declaratioiv  of  war,  either  of 
which  wo4ikl  have  been  pe,rfectly  just,  they  adopted  the  mild 
measure  of  retraining  the  commerce  of  the  aggressor,  in 
order  to  malce  it  his  interest  to  do  them  justice.  ^Never  waa 
greater  forbearance  ahewn — never  was  forbearance  worse 
fruited. 

'i'-'b^' i.   •  •  **'^ «*  *•  'Jnited  Sutes,  Td.  vi.  page  90. 

;:,».-'  t  We™.  P««e  ««>• 


1 5/     <  i 


110  THE  ULIVE  BRANCH. 

GHAPTBR  XX. 

JHack   9U  the  C^iaptake.    Prodamatim^  inlerdicHng   mir 
harbours  to  the  British,  ' 

While  the  depredations  sustained  by  our  merchants 
were  yet  under  discussiont  a  tragical  affair  occurred*  wbio|b 
still  further  unfortunately  ombroH^d  the  two  nations. 

The  Chesapeake*  ea|^  Gordon*  sailed  foom  Norfidk  on 
the  3Sd  of  June*^  1807.  The  Loupard,  of  60  guns*  which 
was  moored  near  her*  weighed  anchor  shortly  afterwards. 
She  soon  overtoolc  the  Chesapeake*  and  demanded  fbur  sail-, 
ora*  three  of  whom  had  deserted  from  the  British  frigate  Me- 
lampus.  The  fourth  was  said  to  have  deserted  firom  a  Brit- 
ish merchant  vessel.  Commodore  Barron*  who  was  on 
board*  refused  to  deliver  them :  and  in  consequence*  the 
Leopard  commenced  an  attack  upon  the  American  frigate, 
which  was  wholly  unprepared  for  reslstanee.  Three  men 
were  killed*  and  sixteen  wounded ;  among  the  letter  was  the 
oommodorcv  who  struck  his  flag*  and  surrendered  the  ves- 
sel. Capt.  Humphreys  of « the  Leopard  sent  an  ofllceron 
board  tl^e  Chesapeake*  who  seized  four  of  her  crew*  William 
Ware*  Daniel  Martin*  John  Strachan*  and  John  Wilson 

Of  the  four  persons*  thus  seized*  one  was  brought  to  trial 
at  Halifax*  ftnd*,  befngfhund  guilty  of  desertion*  waff  hang- 
ed. One  died  in  confiinement.  The  other  two  were  retained 
in  bondage  till  June  tsth*  1812*  when  they  were  restibred  io 
fireedom  on  board  the  Chesapeake*  at  Boston. 

Tills  outrage  excited  the  utmost  Indignation  thoughout 
the  United  States,  and  for  a  time  united  all  parties  in  the 
common  clamour  for  reparation  of  the  insult  and  iivfury*  or 
war.  The  federalists  were  as  loud  inthehr  dienunciations 
of  the  lawless  violence  as  the  democrats. 

I  have  already  stated  ike  prudence  of  the  then  president* 
Mr.  Jefferson.  The  attack  took  place  on  the  22d  of  June — 
and  he  delayed  the  extra  meeting  of  (congress  till  the  28th  of 
October*  to  afford  time  for  the  efferveseence  of  the  public  to 
subside.  This  wise  measure  saved  the  country  firom  war  at 
that  period. 

But  to  guard  against  similar  outrages*  and  against  others 
which  we  had  suffered  within  our  own  jurisdiction  from 
British  vessefo  of  war,  the  president  issued  a  proclamation 
forbi  ding  them  the  enti'anee  into  our  ports  and  harbours*  of 
which  I  subjoin  a  copy. 

PROCLAMATION. 

During  ihr  wars  which,  for  some  time,  have  unharaily  prevailed  among; 
the  |)owers  of  Europe,  the  United  States  of  America,  firm  in  their  principles- ' 


m 


L  ^il^ 


THE  OLrVE  BRANCH. 


Itl 


oilr 


•r  |)eMe,  h«v«  flndMvoincd  bjr  JMiike.  hf  »  tcgoiar  ditchurge  ef.>«ll 
their  national  and  tocial  dutiet,  tmbf  every  friendly  office  their  kituMien  has 
admitted,  to  mainMinirith  all  the  belligerents  their  a«ci»tomed  relations  of 
friendship,  hospitality  and  commercial  Tmercourse.  Taking  no  part  in  the 
questions  which  animate  the  powers  against  each  other,  nor  permitting  them« 
selves,  to  entertain  «  with  but  for  the  restoration  of  general  peace,  they  hava 
obierwedwitb  good  Aith  the  neutrality  they  atsamedi  and  they  believe  that 
•0  instance  of  a  departinc  from  its  duties  can  be  Justly  impfitcd  to  them  by  any 
nation.  A  free  use  of  their  harbours  and  waters,  the  means  of  refitting  and  or 
■sfiresliment,  of  succour  to  their  tick  and  suffering,  have,  at  all  times,  and  on 
equal  principles,  been  extended  to  all,  and  this  too  amidst  a  constant  recur- 
lence  of  acts  of  insdbordination  to  the  laws,  of  violence  to  the  persons,  and  of 
trespasses,  on  the  property  of  our  citiaent,  committed  by  officers  of  one  of  the 
,  belligerent  parties  received  among  us.  In  truth,  these  abuses  of  the  laws  of 
hospitality  have,  with  few  exceptions,  become  habitual  to  the  commanders  of . 
the  British  armed  vessels  hovermg  on  our  coasts,  and  frequenting  our  harbours* 
They  have  been  the  subject  of  re|)eated  repreientationS  to  their  government. 
Assurances  hsve  been  given  that  proper  ordiers  shoukl  restrain  them  within  the 
limits  of  the  rights  and  of  the  respect  due  to  a  friendly  nation  t  but  these  ordere 
and  assurances  have  been  without  effect ;  no  instance  of  punishment  for  past 
wrongs  has  taken  place.  At  length,  a  deed,  transcending  all  we  have  hither- 
to seen  or  suffered,  brings  the  public  sensibility  to  a  serious  crisis,  and  our 
forbearance  to  a  necessary  pause.  A  frigate  of  the  United  States,  tnisting  t'  a 
state  of  peace,  and  leaving  her  harbour  on  a  distant  service,  has  been  surprised 
and  attacked  by  a  British  vessel  of  superior  force— one  of  a  squsdron  then  lying 
in  our  waters,  and  covering  the  transaction^  t  and  has  been  disabled  from  service, 
with  the  lossof  a  numberof  men  killed  and  woundcd/-«>This  enormity  was  not 
only  whbottt  provoc|ition  or  justifiable  cause,  but  was  committed  with  the  avow 
ed  purpose  of  taking  by  force,  flrain  a  ship  of  war  of  the  United  States,  a  part 
of  her  crew  t  and  that  no  circumstances  might  be  wanting  to  mark  its  charac- 
ter, it  had  been  previously  ascertained,  that  the  seamen  demanded  were  native 
citiaensof  the  United  States.  Having  effected  his  purpose,  he  rettMrned'te 
anchor  with  his  squadron  within  our  jurisdiction.  Hospitality  under  such 
circumstances  ceases  to  be  a  duty  >  and  a  continuance  of  it,  with  such  un- 
controlled abuses,  would  tend  only  by  multiplying  injuries  aiid  irritations,  to 
bring  on  a  rupture  between  the  two  nations.  This  extreme  resort  is  equally 
opposed  to  the  interest  of  bodi,  as  it  is  to  assurances  of  the  nrwst  friendly  dispo> 
sitlons  on  the  part  of  the  British  govertunent,  in  the  midst  of  which  this  outrage 
has  been  committed.  In  this  light,,  the  subject  cannot  but  present  itself  to  that 
government,  and  strengthen  the  motives  to  an  honourable  reparation  of  the 
wrong  which  has  been  done,  and  to  that  effectual  control  of  its  navd  comman- 
ders, which  alone  can  justify  the  government  of  the  United  States  in  the  exer- 
cises of  those  hospitalities  it  is  now  constrained  to  discontinue. 

In  consideration  of  these  circumstances,  and  of  the  right  of  every  nation  to 
renilate  its  own  police,  to  provide  for  its  peace  and  for  the  safety  of  its  citixens, 
aiid  consequently  to  refuse  the  admission  of  armed  vessels  into  its  harbours  or 
waters,  either  in  such  numbers  or  of  such  descriptions,  as  are  inconsistent  with 
these,  or  wi  ththe  maintenance  uf  the  authority  of  the  laws,  I  have  thought 
proper,  in  pursuance  of  the  authorities  specially  given  by  law,  to  issue  this  my 
proclamation,  hereby  requving  all  armed  vessels  bearing  commis^on  under  the 
government  of  Great  Britain,  now  within  the  harbours  or  waters  of  the  United 
States,  immediately  and  without  any  delay,  to  depart  firom  the  same ;  and  inter- 
dicting the  entrance  of  all  the  said  harbours  and  waters  to  the  said  armed  vessels, 
and  to  all  others  bearing  commissions  under  the  authorityof  the  British  govern- 
ment. 

And  if  the  said  vessels,  or  any  of  them,  shall  fail  to  depart  as  aforesaid,  or  if 
they  or  any  othen,  so  inteidicted.  shall  hereafter  enter  the  harbours  or  waters 
afoirsaid,  I  do  in  that  case  forbid  all  intercourse  with  them  or  any  of  them, 
their  officers  and  crews  i  a>id  do  prohibit  all  supplies  and  aid  from  being  fur- 
nished to  them  or  any  of  them. 


i:  '11 


US 


x» 


THB  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


Aiid  I  do  dedAre  Mid  mftke  knowa.  that  if  any  penoninin,  ar  within  tlw  , 
juriwiiction  and  limitt  of  tha  United  Stataa,  shall  afford  any  aid  to  any  «ueh 
<(refliel,  conuary  to  the  prohibition  contained  in  this  prodamation»  cither  in  re* 
fitting'  »ny  aoch  veuel,  or  in  furnishing  her,  her  officers,  or  crew,  with  anppliea 
of  any  Itind,  6r  in  any  manner  whatsoever:  or  in  if  any  pilots  shall  assist  in  navi- 

Sting  any  of  the  said  armed  vessels,  unless  it  be  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
tm.  in  the  first  insunce,  beyond  the  limiu  and  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States,  "  unless  it'be  in  the  ease  of  a  vessel  forced  by  distress,  or  charged 
with  public  despatches  as  hereinafter  provided  for,  such  person  or  persona 
ahall,  on  conviction,  suffer  all  the  pains  and  penalties  by  the  laws  provided  for 
anch  offences. 

And  I  do  hereby  enjoin  and  requh«  all  persons  bearing  >>fficek  civil  or  mill* 
tary,  within  or  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  and  all  others,  citizens 
orinhabiunts  thereof,  or  being  within  the  same,  with  vigilance  and  prompti- 
ttxle  to  exert  their  respective  anthorities,  and  to  be  aiding  and  assistiiig  to  the 
carrying  this  proclamation,  and  every  part  thereof,  into  full  effisct. 

Provided  neveithelesB,  that  if  any  such  vessel  shall  be  foit:ed  into  the  har- 
bours or  waters  of  the  United  States  by  distress,  by  the  dangers  of  the  sea,  or 
by  the  porsuit  of  an  enemy,  or  shall  enter  them  charged  with  despatches  or 
business  iram  their  government,  or  shall  be  a  public  packet  for  the  conveyance 
of  letters  or  de^iatches,  the  commanding  officer  immediately  reporting  his  ves« 
sel  to  the  collector  of  the  ilistrict.  stating  the  obiect  or  causes  of  entering  the 
■aM  harbours  or  waters,  and  conforming  himself  to  the  regulations  in  that  case 
prescribed  under  the.authority  of  the  laws,  shall  be  aUowed  the  benefit  of  sudi 
regulations  'respecting  re|pairs,  Aipplies,  stay,  intercourse  and  departure,  aa 
ahall  be  permitted  under  the  same  authority. 
In  taatifflony  whereof,  I  have  caused  the  seal,  &e. 

Given  at  Washington  the  second  day  of  July,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seven,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United 
States  the  thirty*first. 

Tiiit  JEFFERSON. 
By  thePresklent,  ' 

-':,M-  i AUKS  Mtmisattt  Seeretarg  9/ State. 

AS-  this  distance  of  time,  it  is  hardly  possible  to  realise  the 
iiidi^nafion»  the  abhorrencet  the  resentment^  universally  ex- 
cited by  the  outrageous  conduct  of  Captain  Humphreys*  It 
pervaded  every  quarter  of  the  union*  withdut  exception.  All 
party  distinctions  were  lost  for  the  moment.  Federalists  and 
democrats)  foreigners  and  natives^  all  united  in  the  strongest 
call  upon  the  government  to  procure  redress  for  the  outrage. 
AVar  was  contemplated  throughout  the  union,  and  there  was 
hardly  a  meeting  held,  of  which  the  members  did  not  most 
solemnly  pledge  themselves  to  support  the  constituted  au- 
thorities in  whatever  measures  might  be  requisite  for  the 
defence  of  the  national  rights  and  national  honour. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  form  some  idea  of  the  fervid  state 
of  the  public  mind,  I  submit  the  following  extracts  to  his  pe- 
rusal. They  are  fair  specimens  of  the  universal  lientiment 
on  this  interesting  topic. 

Extract  from  the  proceedinga  of  a  meeting-  of  the  citixena  ^  Biehmond,  hdd 

Jubf  1, 1807. 

"  Renhed,  That  while  we  deprecate  the  horrors  of  war,  and  approve  all  hon- 
a«rable  means  of  averting  them,  we  possess  the  firm  hope  that  the  government 
of  the  United  States  ts»/{  at«>^e  thit  mparaUekd  mtra^ieith  tht  tpttitwMeh 


THE  OI.IVB  BRANCll. 


113 


^MMMt  the  mitkn,  and  vrhkh  the  nation  feeb  i  beUerinf  u  we  do»  that  hov< 
ever  unequal  may  be  our  iiamd  atrangth,  oar  eneoiiea  have  nevettheleaa  vul- 
nerable pointa  within  our  reach,  through  which  we  nuy  be  able  to  ctrike  them 
♦itally." 

...^^JBuM^I  jfram tht profttdinft  tfthe dHjum^WeH  CAMtor, Mg 4k  1807.    . 

**  SeMtved  unantmni^t  That  we  ahall  conaider  the  government  of  Great  Bri- 
tain aa  having  forfeited  ul  claim  to  the  friendahip  and  hoapitality  of  the  go- 
vemment  and  people  of  the  United  States,  uiitil  ample  and  proper  aatisfaction 
be  made  i  and  in  oonfi»rmity  therewith,  we  do  aoleronlv  pledgtf  ouraelvea  to 
maintidn  the  atrict  obiervahce  of  the  proclamation  or  the  {vteident  of  the 
United  Statea,  bv  every  meana  in  our  power. 

**  Retotoedt  That  ve  thailt  at  all  Hmiit  be  proved  t»  eneounMr  aU  haaardt, 
to  malmaiti  the  righttand  independence  rf'  our  eemory  vith  our  Hvet  and  ear 
/ortunet  /  and  that  we  will  lupport  the  adminiatration  ni  the  general  govern- 
ment in  every  proptf  meaaure  Which  it  may  adopt,  in  the  alten^itive  ofa  coer- 
ced retribution  of  cur  wronga,  or  in  calling  fbrtn  the  energy  and  reaouroea  of 
the  people  at  tbia  ia^Mrtant  crisis.** 

Extract  from  the  proeeedingt  »f  the  citixene  of  LewUtomi  and  itt  UteMtjf,  Jub 

10.180r. 

**  Resolved  unanimoualy,  That  the  repetiud  aggreeetont  and  •eiolationt  com- 
fritted  bjf  Oi'eat  S^Ltaih  agahut  aU  neutral  nationt  in  genend,  and  partkular' 
ly  agnhut  thepertone  andprnileget  of  our  citiienc,  as  a  free  and  independent 
people,  have  excited  in  ua  just  abhorrence  and  indignation  i  that  Uie  late 
outrage  by  the  Leopard  ahip  of  war  apinat  the  Cheaapeake,  we  consider  as 
a  prmedttated  imitut  to  our  gwemment  and  national  ehdraeter,  andwearingto 
barbarouo  an  aepect,  that  Imger  palienee  -would  degrade  the  name  ^  Amerieane. 

**  Beadved  unanimously.  That  if  upon  the  meeting  of  Cringress,  it  shall 
be  found  necessary  to  resort  td  hostile  meaattrea  against  Great  Britain  for 
the  attunment  of  justice,  "we  roiU  cheerful^  tubmit  to  any  deprivatione,  or 
hardthipt  attendant  on  a  atate  ofttar  ;  and  we  will  mi&e  eveiy  exertion  to  per- 
fect ourselves  in  the  military  »rt,  and  equip  oursdves  -to  oppose  the  base  and 
cowardly  enemy  of  our  country." 

Extract  from  the  preceedinga  of  the  citixene  of  Alexandria,  JUne  27, 1807. 

'*  Resolved,  That  the  tyrannic  conduct  of  the  Britiah  nation  on  the  ocean 
has  juitly  rendered  her  odibua  among  all  civilized  powera. 

**  Resbhred,  That  we  view  the  late  tovage  and  daetardly  outrwe  commit- 
ted by  the  Leopard  Britiah  ahip  of  war  on  the  United  Statea  fiigate  Cheaapeake, 
with  due  indignatiettP 

Extract  from  the  preeeedinga  of  the  citixena  of  Wilmington,  Bdaware,  July  4, 
1807,  (As  veneralde  John  Sickinaonin  the  chair. 

**  Resolved,  That  we  view  with  the  atrongeat  aentimenta  of  indignation  and 
lAhorrenee  the  late  unprovoked,  iawkaa,  andjerocioua  attack  mfide  by  the  Britiah 
ah^  of  war  Leobard  upon  the  frigate  Cheaapeake,  and  the  daring  inault  offered 
thereby  to  the  nag,  tlw  government,  and  the  people  of  the  United  Statea." 

Extract  from  the  preeeedinga  of  the  citixene  ff  Baltimore,  June  30, 1807. 

**  Reaolved  unanimoualy.  That  we  riew  with  indignation  and  horror  the 
wanton  attack  lately  made  upon  the  Chesapeake  fKgate  by  the  British  ship  of 
war.  Leopard,  by  which  many  of  our  fellow-eiVuena  have  been  killed  and  wound- 
ed, and  me  goverument  and  flag  of  our  country  most  grossly  insulted. 

**  Resolved  unanimously.  That  we  have  pcmet  confidence  in  the  wisdom 
and  firmness  of  the  adminiatration  to  enforce  satisfaction  for  an  outrage  ao 
l^aring  and  injurious  to  the  honour  and  digni^  of  our  country. 

*'  Resolved  unsnimously,  That  we  will  wm  our  Uvea  andfortunea  aupport  the 
government  in  aU  aueh  metuurea  aa  they  may  adopt  on  thia  momentout  occarion,  to 
obtain  redress  and  satisfiwtion  for  the  outnge  aforesaid.**  • 


At 


114 


THE  OLIVE  BI^AKCH. 


Extract  frm  the  ptwxedihgt  ^  the  dtixeni  of  PhUedt^hiat  Jvfy  h  iW. 
Jtte^  M^pkimm,  «»q.  aeeretarif/' 

"Rewlved,  That  the  conduct  of  Great  Britain  towards  the  United  States,  baa 
been  too  often  marked  byhoatilitv,  injustice,  an>'<  oppteasiont  and  that  t)ie 
outrage  committed  by  the  Leoparo,  one  of  her  ahipa  of  war»  under  the  etpresa 
orders  of  one  of  her  admirals,  upon  the  Chesapeake,  a  fif%ate  belonjring  to 
the  United  States,  Uanofttf  mch  cmwmmate  vitlenee  and  itronf,  aw  •/*  <b 
barbantu  and  'mtrderatu  a  charaeteVf  that  ti  ietntd  debate  and  degroide  ang 
natien,  and  much  mate  m,  a  natiem  tf/reemen,  to  mbmU  to  it, 

<*  Resolved,  That  we  will  support  tlie  administration  of  the  general  govern* 
nment  in  all  and  every  nieuure  which  may  be  adopted  by  them,  to  avenge  the 
wrongs  our  country  nas  suffered  from  Great  Britain,  and  V>  oompel,  the  most 
rigki  retribution;  and  that  to  attain  a  full  measure  of  justice  nomliet',  we 
pledUpe  ourselves  to  make  any  sacrifices,  uid  to  encount^  any  haaards. 

"  Resolved,  That  bythe  laws  and  usages  of  nations,  anatiot^l  ship  is  always 
exempt  and  five  fivm  examination  or  search,  by  any  foreign  vessel  or  power. 

"  Retudved,  That  ihu  premeditated  outrage  U  eoiutdered  a»  tantaiMunt  to  a 
declaration  of  war  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain,  and  at  evincive  of  an  irrecotiF' 
tilifMe  hMti&ty  to  thie  nation. 

'<  Betoived,  That  we  entertain  a  confidence,  that  the  government  of  the 
United  States  wjKodli^ttAe  mott  dedtiwe  and  vinrout  fflranirvf  to  obtain  repa- 
ration for  the  injuries  and  wra^  sustained  from  the  government  of  Great 
Britain.** 

Extract  from  the  proeeedh^o  f/a  meeting  of  citizens  of  Pit  f burgh,  held  Jufy  10, 

1807. 

"  Resolved,'  That  the  hte  outrageous  and  hostile  eonduet  of  the  officers  of  the 
Britiih  navy,  to  the  flag  of  the  United  States  on  the  eoait  of  Virginia,  hat  excited 
oar  iiiehest  indianaation. 
,  "  Iteaolved,  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  true  American  to  aid  the  governmeht  of 
our  country  in  all  measures  having  a  tendoicy  to  protect  its  best  interests,  it*  honour 
and  independenc:." 

Extract  from  the  proeee^ngo  of  the  (Xtixena-of  Mrfolk,  June  34. 

**  Resolved  unanimously.  That  we  view  the  unprovoked,  piraticd^  savage, 
and  asaassin-like  attack  upon  the  Chesapeake  with  that  horror  and  detesta- 
tion which  should  Mways  attend  a  violation  oti,  the  &ith  of  nations  and  the 
laws  of  war;  and  we  plcnge  our  liveo  and  our  property  to  co-operate  with  the 
government  in  any  measures  which  they  may  adopt,  whether  of  vengeance  or 
retaliation.*' 

Extract  from  an  address  of  a  comtdtfee  appointed  in  ^orfilk,  to  thdrfeUim  (Hti. 

zens,dated  July  11. 1807. 

<*  The  last  deed  of  savage  ferocity,  unparalleled  even  in  the  naval  annals  of 
Britain,  awakened  the  sentiment  of  abho-rence  in  every  breast.  Everv  voice 
Was  loud  in  its  call  for  reparation,  commensurate  to  the  insult;  British  inso- 
lence and  barbarity  had  reached  the  ne  plus  ultra,  'they  had  the  tmblushtng 
«frronterv  to  claim  the  rights  of  hospitality,  while  their  nands  sfere  crimsoned 
and  smoking  with  the  blood  of  your  countrymen ;  even  at  the  inatant  they  had 
declared  war,  in  sight  of  those  shores  from  which,  not  many  years  psst,  t^ir 
discomfited  and  recreant  myrmidons  were  driven  with  di^^race ;  m  u^t  of 
those  monuments,  wliich  fill  your  breasts  with  a  holy  and  aspiring  admiration 
for  the  valour  and  triumphs  of  your  forefathers.  The  nation  was  tuiexpeet' 
edly  p*uhged  into  war,  and  yourselves  tiie  first  exposed  to  its  nithlesS  blsst 
The  choice  of  tame  submission  or  resistance  was  forced  on  your  considerition; 
with  one  voice  you  declared  that  your  ancestors  had  wrested  their  rights^ 
their  liberties,  and  independence  from  the  suftbcating  grasp  of  British  tyrsn> 
ny,  by  tlie  sword ;  and  that  you,  their  posterity,  had  resolved  with  it  to  defend 
and  to  perprtoate  the  hallowed  patrimony." 

*  To  renders  at  a  distance  from  Philadelphia,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  state, 
that  Mr.  (lopkinson  i«<  and  h»s  always  been  hs  decided  a  federaliat  as  Harri- 
son Gray  Otis,  Timothy  Pickering,  or  Josish  Quincy. 


THE  OLVfE  BRANCH. 


115 


9»CUU 


state, 
H»wi* 


ExtnMfiwm  tkt  pPHmUnf  ^fthe  CiHxaaa  •/  Aim  TtTk^  /uly  2,  ISOT* 
**  Having  received,  wjth  tlie  mos^  lively  indignstloAk  aiitbentic  itifbrimatkab 
tfiat  on  the  39d  idt  an  fttack,  unwamuited  by  ^  known  usages  of  nations. 
Mid  in  yiolation  of  our  nstional  rights,  wm  made  off  the  capes  of  Vimnia,  on 
^  ynited  States'  frigate  Chesapeake,  comiiiodore  Banon,  byhis  Britanhic 
Bisjes^s  armed  ship  the  Leopara,  csntain  Humphrqrs:  the  ditisensof  Nevi 
York,  assembled  in  general  meetkig,  deei^  it  to  be  tbeir  dut^  toespiess  their 
opinioi^  jitlus  fresh  outrage  oSerad  to  their  naUoosl  soVerie^iity  by  the  navy 

**  lf»Hhtdt  that  we  consider  the  dastardly  and  uiqwovoked  attadc  made  on 
the  United  States'  armed  ship  Chesapeake,  by  his  Britannic  majesitirV  shin, 
the  Leopard,  to  be  a  violation  of  our  nationtu.  rights,  as  atrocious  as  it  is 
unprecedented." 

Last  ill  the  long  list,  let  me  take  the  liberty  of  offering  to 
the  world  the  sentiments  of  the  citivens  of  Boston^  in  town 
meeting*  heij!  in  the  icourt-house. 

/,  JBosfon, /ti«v,  10, 1807. 

A  Whetess  it  appears,  by  a  proclamation  issued  by  the  president  of  the  United 
litates,  that  a  most  wanton  and  cruel  outrage  has  been  committed  upon  the 
United  States*  fngate  Chesapeake,  by  the  British  ship  of  tvar  Leopard,  in 
which' our  citizens  have  been  wounded  and  murdered,  and, the  flbgoTouv 
nation  iqsulted  and  violated.  And  whereas  it  is  the  duty,  as  well  as  nsht,  of 
the  citizens  of  a  free  country  to  express  tiieir  readiness  to  support  tb^  con< 
stituted  authorit|te  in  the  measures  they  may  adopt  for  national  redress  of  sn 
injury  so  barbarous  in  its  native,  and  so  unprecedented  in  its  execution: 
tSerc^te, 

**  Itesbived  umuiimouily.  That  the  late  aggression,  committed  by  a  British 
ship  oftnt  on  a  frigate  of  the  United  State^ror  the  avowed  purpose  of  tal^g 
from  her  by  force  a  part  of  her  crew,  was  i  waintbn  oiitnge  vpon  thepersone 
snd  lives  m  our  citizens,  and  a  direet  attack  on  our  national  aovoeis^ty  and 
independence ;  that  the  spirited  conduct  of  our  follow  eitlaem  at  NfflnbUi  on 
this  occasion,  before  the  orders  of  government  could  be  obtained,  was  hi^y 
honouraUe  to  themselves  and  to  the  nation. 

<*  Riesolvedunanithously,That|t7*<^^>Wf<'iS'n(j'Mi  crvitenipenttepMey  adapted 
iy  sitrsawctitfne  at  Mt  mammtnu  erius  hetUiUed  to  our  matt  ctrdkd  affrobatun 
mdmpptirt. 

**  Resolved  unanimously, That  with  allour  personalinfluenceand  exertions  we 
will  ud  and  assist  tbe  constituted  authorities  :in  carrying  the  j^oolamation  of 
the  intsident  of  the  United  States,  in  every  particular,  mto  full  and  effectual 
execution. 

<*  Besolvedunsnbnously,  That  though  we  unite  with  our  government  in  wishing 
most  ardendy  bt  peace  on  just  snd  nohourable  terms,  yet  fl[^  we  are  ready 
cheerfully'to  oo.operate  in  any  measures,  however  serious,  which  they  may 
jwbje  necessary  for  the  safety  and  honour  of  our  country,  and  will  support  them 
Ifitn  our  lives  and  fortunes.**   / 

Besides  the  above  meeting,  there  was  another  held  in  Bos> 
ton*  tttFaneuil  Hall*  on  the  16th  July,  1807*  at  which  John 
Coffin  Jones*  esq.  acted  as  moderator.  John  Quincy  Adams, 
Jli^rrMan  Gray  Ofu*  Wm.  Eustis,  Christopher  Gore,  Charles 
Jones*  John  C.  Jonet,  Jlunnas  H.  Perkim,  Jonathan  Mason, 
and  John  Warren*  esqrs.  were  appointed  a  committee  to  pre- 
pare  a  report*  which  contained  the  following  resolutions — 

Resolved,  that  we  eoniider  die  unprovoked  attack  made  on  the  United  Stales' 
armed  ship  Chesapeake,  by  the  British  ship  of  war  Leopard,  a  wanton  outrage  upon 
tke  lives  «  our  fellow-oitizens,  a  direct  vioiRtion  of  our  Batioaal-haioar»  and  an  iik> 
Mogeraent  of  ournational  ligh^  and  sovereignty. 


1  '  r 


116 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


tM 


ReMivcd,  tbftt  we  nwnt  dneercljr  tpprov*  th«  praahnotiaB.  and  dw  firm  aad  du* 
pMiionat«  foune  of  policy  panned  ^  tbe  prerident  of  the  united  Itafteik  md  we 

" -    ..       -       .  ^^ 

•aliyn. 


inionwe  Mune  of  policy  panned  mr  toe  preadent  of  the  united  mmtt,  n 
ill  cardially  unite  witli  oar  feUow-tttiMni  in  liTordini  effeotul  mpport  to 
CMOKa  M  o«r  governmeDt  may  farther  adopt,  in  the  prewnt  eriiia  QToiir  aA 


TothoAe  unacquainted  with  the  soleniiiity  and  regularity 
of  the  proceeding  in  Boston  town  meetings*  it  may  not  he 
impro|>er  to  state,  that  there  is  probably  no  town  in  the  world 
whose  publie  meetings  are  conducted  with  more  propriety 
and  decomm--and  thkt  these  resolutions  may  be  regarded  as 
ftill  and  as  fair  an  expreasion  of  the  sentiments  of  the  citizens 
of  the  town  as  ever  waa' given. 

I  have  already  offered  a  few  reflection^  on  the  charge  of 
French  infiuence»  so  universally  alleged  against  Mr*  Jethf* 
pon*  and  so  generally  believed  by  the  federalists  throughout 
the  union.  At  the  period  of  passing  these  resolve^,',  he' hlid 
been  in  oiftce  six  years  and  four  months,  out  of  eij^ht  years 
of  his  presidency.  And,  behdd»  the  town  of  Boston*  g^;er  so 
long  an  experience  of  hb  conduct  in  this  dignified  and.  ar-r 
duousoAce,  passes  on  him  the  highest  encomiums  for  his 
**Jirm,  and  di$piusionate  course.  ofpohcVf**  at  a  crisis  of  the  ut- 
most delicacy.  What  a  contrast — ^what  a  contradietiim  be- 
tween this  panegyric  and  the  never-ending  abuse,  the  re- 
morseless virulence,  with  which,  he  has  been  assaOed  from 
that  period  to  the  present,  in  that  town,  by  mon,  the  major 
|)art  of  whom  were  probably  at  the  meeting,  and  concurred 
m  this  vote  of  approbation !  Alas !  alas !  what  a  poor,  yniser- 
ab)e^  contemptible,  sensekas  aHimal  is  man !  To.bow  little 
purpose  is  he  endowed  with  that  proud,  di«tin6tive  faculty, 
called  reason,  of  which  he  makes  so  little  use  !     \ 

It  is  due  to  justice,  and  to  the  spirit  of  impartiality  which 
I  have  studiously  laboured  to  preserve  throughout  this  work, 
to  state,  that  previous  to  the  sailing  of  the  Chesapeake,  Mr. 
Hamilton,  the  British  consul  at  Norfolk,  had  made  repeated 
official  demands  of  these  four  seamen,  which  demands  were 
repelled  by  the  officers  on  board  the  Chesapeake,  with  tbe 
concurrence  and  approbation  of  the  cabinet  at  Washington. 
This  refusal  led  to  the  orders  issued  by  admiral  Berkeley, 
then  at  Halifax,  to  Captain  Humphreys^  to  take  the  men  by 
force. 

It  is  also  due  to  justice,  to  state,  that  as  these  men  had  en- 
tered voluntaHIy  on  board  the  Chesapeake' — and  as  Great 
Britain  steadily  refuses  to  surrender  foreigners  who  enter 
her  vessels  voluntarily — ^the  claim  made  for  these  four  sailors 
was  not  justifiec^  or  warranted  by  her  own  practice. 

The  following  account  of  three  of  the  four  men  thus  seized* 
is  extracted  from  a  letter  written  by  commodore  Baron,  to  the 
secretary  of  the  navy,  and  dated  April  7th,  1812.  It  arose 


lid  en- 

Irreat 

lenter 

lailors 

d« 
the 
■arose 


THE  OLIYB  IQRAKCH. 


1X7 


from  the  reqaisition  of  the  Britlab  CoMal  «t  Norfolk^  for  the 
deHvery  of  these  perMim,        ' 

ltw(tVm$i?  Mir  BiiltteSN7#l><m  m  m»tfm*hir*ymt^4i^^>*^ 


<•  Jaha^MlhMk,  iNM  on  the ^^  . 


port,  b  Ktiwwiwrtctti,  •bBt  thfatr  wBe*  te  |lif««i|iii^i!lQri|iwpdii(.pMd«.  ^  . 
ierrwl  liktimoiu«r  JTow  Tork,lwltl»  flBMtii  MmmitV,  |»  th«  QiMadh  ^  Nitftt 
toMr.aeiyvida1)MihiiMr«l|M^«*dJlfr^8a^^  ll^>« 

Bwh  ou  V^  MmmI,  trho  kwnr  lik  MtaUonf.  StiMhui  iMoilbiliM  l|%  lUMbk 


I  V^viil»fiwi  N««i  Torkto  Dahliai,,MMl  frotti 


MlifwyMI, 


wnwd'flik 


bOOMOiOMolVMPMarMpoFlailttl      . 
beioK  datiinnhiBft  i(|  moke  hb  coeope  when  oppovtani^ 
faonSthoMtMoMoyeor*.   Ho  te  «  whito  MfMa*  •faoatff*  Iket  MMn  iftOM*  I 
N  WittiuB  Won  and  John  StrMliuk  hm  pralootkM.   DuM  BlHtinjNa^ 
Ms  ofter  Ifovini  tbeft%Me- 

While  tlie  Ainoi^icaii  miiri4  wa«  fierteriiiff  ander  jthe  atrpel«> 
ousoofral^  l^i^ti^ted  Jby  Ca^t.  Huunphreye*  the  ^l^tiib 
govenimeiituaueda  pMlamatieiiy  directii^gthe  Bearcif  tot^ 
and  seizttre  6f  Btitish  sulyectac  on  bpf^^  neiltral  mef^lji^t 
vessels;  of  which  Isul^inthet^l^riBelpalpali^l^h^^^ 


<:•" 


'For  tho  bettor  oMwrthm  oClho  pwt-pqoooof  tliU  «iiir  ^oyrt  ptiwifainiamii,  xro  d<?  aB- 
tborixe  and  ooomiand  all  eapuinf,  muuettt  aad  of|)Hen  flotowandtmowr  iht^  ^nd 


proclamation*  and  ^>  wSM  npon,  take,  and  Wing  awaf  dOt  aooli  pcfpiM  as  tSktuum, 
who  sli^  bo  fiMnd  tote  <  iplqgrod  oi*^aervint  in  any  IM|^  ahtishant  ilttpir  veiaid 
as  afti'|li#«  ■b^t.▼^do  itri^  onjoin  ajl  sB^>^«Mf^o»m<iM,  wasMw,  and;ot»o>% 
tbat  ^7  do'ponitit  iio  nan  to  go  on  lioard  susb^ns  and  yossda  boioiiiM  to.siaica 
atainiQrwitb  tt%  fortlw  PoirpMO  oTsOiii^iApani  tskilHb  audl|kt«|^^ 
pononsM  afawtrid,.  fbr  whoso  discrew  and  owferif  doBwpindr,"  ll^  Md  ooplnns  oan- 
not  answer  I  and  dial  they  de  Uke  esj^odal  aaig  last  no  nwiissiosry  tipiieBeo  be  done 
or-oHilirad  b  die  v^omU  or  to  the  roK^ndo^  of  ttifroi«#,  fivmooA  flrtrhidi  sash  por- 
soBsdiaUlie  (l|!Bfl»: 

**  And  in,uMo  pitthjBir  leedTlaf  in(bnnatfonoCany  sooh.prtniQpiqr  persons  bring  em> 
ployed^  or  sArving  on  lioard  ai^  ship  of  war  bdohgiu  to  snah  fbte^  stMe,  bengn 
Mste  at  amitjr.i^iui  tts»  >e  do  aulhmae  and  eominand  oar  oi^tiuw,  linasiars,  wd' 
others  omnuUMOogwr  shipsoTfitt  t«i«qalre:Q(  the  oaptato  or  eommsnder  of  sooh 
foreign  ship  of  warv  that  he  do  fbcttkiwh  hilease  and  dinobuge  siieb  peHon  or  peridns, 
being  onr  aatard  bom  aul^,  or  aul^jeeto ;  and  if  sash  nisase  ani^  di^Wfie  ■f>*U  ^ 
refined,  then  totnnanit  infcriaation  of  sneh  refiisal  tothe  oommandttr  ii|  eiiiiy  jpf  the 
nmsdroD  under  whose  orders  sueh  eajptab  or  eommahders  shatl|iiB> then  serving} 
which  m&rmation  the  saidoommandeit'  in  ehief  is  hereby  strieilr  direoted  lAnBeiigoincd 
to  transtnit,  whh  the  least  notsibl^,  delsy,  to  our  minister  reddiog  at  the  seotof  g» 
Tsmment  ff  that  stste  to  whieh  the  said  ferdgn  ship  of  war  shallMonlb  to  danind 
rcparatlMi  fir  the  hgniy  done  to  «s  by  d>e  onwatnuitabledetention  of  cur  natbnitiisfft 
saljects  in  the  MrViee  oft  foreign  state."  ;     ifv 


*•  : 


h^ 


a*^  'N 


* 


M 


THB  OLIVE  BHANCH. 
OHAPTBR  XXI. 


IviTAi*  of  redreMiiig  the  grievanoM  of  vrhbh  our  mer- 
ehantt  m  lou<lly»  and  MMoqucntlyt  and  lo  Jintly  oom|ilAlQedf 
the  BritlfligovernnienlfLpn  the  leth  of  May»  1806*  under  the 
•dniiiilitr»tion  of  the  Miebreted  Chariei  Jenee  Foxt  ieeued 
•  proehunatioiii  blooktding  the  eoaet  of  OermMiy,  HoUimd» 
iiid  Fnwee,  turn  the.  £lb«»lo  Brestf  extending  to  about  800 
akjUei.  There  never  was  an  ade<iuate  fbree  stationed  to  ef- 
Jbela  lenalblo^kndeof  a  third  part  of  the  eoast  ineluded  with- 
in the  oroelamation. 

'  Thel^neh  government,  exasperated  at  this  offensive  and 
iin)iwti|iahle  measure!  retaliated  on  Great  Britain  by  the 
M^orious  Berlin  deeree*  whoreby  the  whole  of  the  British 
donilnloni  were  declared  tQ  be  in  a  stjute  of  blo6kade»  although 
n  rngljB  l^renoh  vessel  of  war  hardly  dared  to  shew  Itself  on 
Ihttsoas!!! 
^mferial.^kerte  deslaring  the  Britith  I$U»  in  a  ttoH  ^IHocXeode. 

;^'V  i\    ■  A^crMCam^ibi«N,JVW.Sl,iao«. 

MbMlMmi  Emperor  of  Ute  Prmeht  and  King  of  liAy,  •otMtriimi 

t.  Tlw|t  liw  dMWMjM  ■•  Meny  emy  iadlTidinl  lMlM|ife|to  m  •nrnny  itate  \ 
nd  in  oqwMM|«MfM«  muctoj^riimiwii  of  wnv  not  only  of  th«  Mrawi  ofarmMf  voMclf, 
but  (how  alM^of  NwrcAonl  veweli,  nnd  ^n  th«  •up«rMk«|iMa  of  the  Mmc » 

9.  riNt  elw  M^Mlor  ippUee  to  moMluiiit  vniMik  to  artlelee  of  eomiMret,  Mid  to 

So  proMMrt^  of  IndMdatK  the  right  ofeonquteti  whloh  oou  opif  bo  oppttod  or  oxten* 
id  to  inMi  hohMui  t0on  onenv  ilttoi  ' 

4.  ThMAt  oxiondl to poru'not fcrtifled,  tdhuhoan  mdmoittheof  rivers  the 
HftU^tMimbt  wMeh,  toOQpiiiiff  to  roMoo ud  the UN|0 of oitMiMd  nktiOMi,  it 
•|Miliotbloaal»loairOMt«rfbitUio«r|Mital   . 

1.  TI»t4Mdtelu<M  phMMbloeljidedbQiiirewhtohrira  hM  mto  ringieVeNel  of 
VMri  aMwiiih  «  phwe  oi^|ht  not  to  lioeoDiMerMl  Uookwlod  but  when  it  h  •»  ivreited 
Mthltno  Miiroeoh  to  it  oi^  be  mode  without  immhwnt  huard:  that  the  deoluree 
«««n  plooe^  blbekadcid  mlMt  her  anited  fiiroct  wonid  bo  Inoaptble  of  doiiifi  tueh  M 
•Hiiro ooMi^  wide  wliolo emplrer 

5.  TiMt  this  uooqoiilled  obuee  oftho  righl  af  bloekedo  hu  no  othor  ol(iMt  Ui^n  to 
<n(an«ipt  tho  eommtttkioktiooofttiffimntnatioaib  wid  to  extond  the  eommeroe  oqd  in- 
•Htrrof  BiMtend  upon  the  iiiin  Of  thote  of  the  oimtinenti 

7.  That  IMi  hehi|  tho  evident  dwigi)  ot' Rniluidi  whovver  deal*  oil  the  oootbent 
kr  BtMUih  merOhanaiM  ftvoon  that  ddigii,  mm  bocaiaQ*  an  aeeompUee  i 

I.  ThatthitfWBduet  in  Eni^d  twotthy  Qn!|y  4if  the  flnt  agea  of barbariam)  haa  be> 
MAtod  hw  lii^tho  detrimenl  of  oth«r  natioiiai , 

9.  That  it  being  right  lo  ottuoae  to  an  tmemy  the  aame  arma  ahe  make*  uae  of;  to 
«oubal  aa  abo  doe«t  when  all  ideaa  of  jottioe,  and  every  libenl  aentiment  (therMuH 
•f  eivilMhM  anonf  men)  are  diaregjirded : 

We  have  reaoLvvd  to  entbroe  agalnat  Engtend  tho  oaagea  whieh  ahe  haa  oonaeorated 
io  herimaritime  eode. 

Tho  nreient  deeree  thall  be  «)onatdered  aa  thefundamental  bw  of  die  en^re,  ontU 
BngNwhaa  acknowledged  that  the  rfghu  ^■mar  are  the  aame  on  landaa  at  aeat'  that 
It  oaaaot  be  rklended  to  any  private  propoty  whatever,  nor  to  peraom  who  ire  not 
ailkainr,  and  until  the  ri|^t  or  blockading  be  reatrained  to  fiirtiSed  plane*  aotMally  in- 
vealed  by  eampetent  foreea. 

Artide  f .  The  Britith  ialanda  are  in  a  ttnte  of  blockade. 

8.  All  commerce  and  earret{iondenoe  with  them  it  prohilrited.  Conaequ^ntly,  all 
letter*  01  paskeU  written  in  Bn^land,  or  to  an  Eugliahman,  wntten  in  the  EtifStk 
Umfmtfe,  ahall  not  be  deapatched  from  the  poit<officet|  and  ahall  bo  aeiied. 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


119 


&  Bfwy  iiMllvidittl,  a  Mi^  ti  OnM  Britahi,  of  vlMtovMr  nuik  wiMdhiMi  wlw 
i*  CdmmI  In  •wualttM  oMupM  bjr  bHr  tioop*  or  Umm  «f  Mr  ■U*^  iImB  kn  r  "*' 
^•oiiar  of  ••?. 

4.  .Brwjr  wM«4MaM,  all  wMilMMilhtt  <r  fwyarty  »lMHiftr,  batanNl  »■■■»' 
rililiiMM,  art  dMlarad  |ood  prfw. 

"  S.  On» Iwlf yf itif  pToUadaVwimliidlM  Jylawdio h>fw»p»lpf> aM  faWm 
M  In  <|jg[^|waataa|a<tiala»,  dM^  p  to  IwltaHiiqr  wwrdhaptiiba  tk^  ■dfcwl  bap 

^AT^o^SmI  awaliiK 

rfnaa  tha  p«U|aation  artfiiadaafivt  iliall 
r.  K*anrimMrttlMit»  MafrlMdMlaiatian,  aotiMvaMB,         .^    _     . 

1.  [imMiUa MaM,  Oiat Uw aaMviia BfpiliaaatnfiB  aa<l a| UHmmt 
'- -' ^u4m  In  ikaamfin  and  foltalv  under  dMjMwntMj 


iBailwil  ar  Imp 
laUWaJmlttadi 

aoateiyajtaaj 

wIlaaatlM 
MMlfoltalvui         ^_r 

HAJjaad,  BwvHa^  |riii  ^aw  0^  aa  wSTm  mi%  iMfi 


a^mhlad  iaia  aaf  pait. 

.irhaai 
^  ,.    .  ^ ,  amvlrtawlfoltalvuii 

9.  CommanlMtiolM  or  Ikli  dcarte  thaN  ba  oMfto  A« 


rMaMliaaaaoCwMi  iiMariM  I 


79S 


arthalnlurr«ai^WMrkyarUiaBndhMmariUinau...w  .u 

10.  (Xi7minU(«n  a(fei«^MlMiea^ata.ar(»ahMiaa«lth  tt»l»iiiiigaaf  «• 


ExtravBgant  as  thig  ^ttiftt  appean*  It  U^efq^^lStiit^ 
defenea  i  adefenoe  not  Toid  of  plausibility. '  It  I^Mi  prdnuil- 
gated  to  rotaliBte  t|ie  blockade  of  a  great  ^steat  bf  <;0ast|  jr 
whiohf  as  I  havd  stated*  tMro-thii^s  were  not  inirested  %j  aiijr 
foree  whatever.  And  It  eannot  be  denied  tb^i  if  the  vMtf 
ade  of  a  single  port  tbree  miles  In  extent^  ijiiiOli  more  a  Hmg 
line  of  eoastt  Urtthont  aforee  to  support  ft»  be  legal*  the  blocl^* 
ade  of  the  British  dominions,  or  tven  of  a  wmIo  6<Miti!!iiMa^ 
without  a  Ibree*  Is  Uksti^lBe  legal.  And  I  am  parsaaAsil  tftsi 
€apt.  Boy)e*s  oelebrated  Uoekade  of  the  British  diiiiiai* 
ons,  was  q^te  as  legal  and  defensible,  as  the  late  bMcAda 
of  sueli  poHf  of  the  United  States  as  had  90  naval  fbrec  sta;- 
tioned belSDrethem.  :  ""^:,  ^\        : 

80  for  as  respeiitad  AmeHcan  vessels,  the  BorHndotreo 
was  not  enforced  for  twelve  months.  This  Ism  mostimpftr' 
tantfact,  andis  not  asserted  lightly.  le  staada  on  respeetap 
ble  authority,  to  which  no  otijectlon  will  lie.  This  aUthorHgr 
is  Alexander  Baring,  Rscji.  membiK  of  the,  British  hOiisa  of 
commons.  ■''•••'•,;v'-  ''■  '^' 

little  did  tha  Pniwh  |>riifateen  btetfera  with  the  trade  df  Anctica  witb  1U»  wMtf* 
thatlA«<rt«unm«e«t<f  hai  bim  verg  U(tl»  /4j^  than  i»  t^  af  fr^mipeaut 
irhile  dwt  on  tbe  Ameriean  thule  with  tlw)  aointiaeBt  ol  BaroM  Mi.at  ftia  MMneiti|tte 
been  doubled  and  eTen  trebled  bjr  the  eonduet  of  our  eialsen."* 

Besides  tiie  above  authority*  I  annex  an  official  {ffoof  of 
toy  posiUbn  :— 

f.  PflK^  JVW.  I*  WW. 

8i»^  iriM  not  till  veiterday  that  I  received  from  Mr»  Sld^wiih  a  eOpy  of  tfM 
decree  oflha  eonneil  ofprisei,  lathe  eiw  oTthe  Horiion.  Thh  is  Ifo  iirft tm/HiMMl^ 
%dNMMYMatHy«mdb>lAedl[!crMV'<AeSl«^JVb»wllOl  In  this  eaea.  and 
enthepelltton  Of  tbe  defendant,  the  eourt  baa  reeommendad  the  reatoratien  of  tht 
wMt  tujgi.  Ididnothowemtirthiniipropertojoinina4diiKuafiiToar,whatf  ha* 
Hetred  mMf  MMedtb  as  a  right  I  suliloSa  a  eofit'of  mj  note  to  the  miniater  ioC 
fbreigU  anikira.  And  am,  sir,  ke.     _ 

Mr.Madimin,Ue.  JOIiN  ABMSTBOHa 


«  M 


..IfiHiiNM,^ 

itOqulry  btotha 


and  eoMeeaeneBS  rf  the  erters  h  aonneilt  and  an 
exsminstai  of  the  eonduct  oTGreatBr'.Jii  towards  the  neutral  eonuneree  of  Aao' 
(lea.  By  Alexander  Baring,  esq.  M.  P.**  London,  nbaliched  Febmanr,  tWI.  Be* 
poMishBd  ia  Philadelphia,  ^  BnuUbcd  and  InAeep. 


I'.  I 


M  5'j 


1^ 


tm  OUTB  BBANCH. 
OHAPTlSB  XXII. 


0f4trt  in  C^musU  i^Mvmber  iUh,  1807.  Man  Deem. 

'■  Am  »  ritaliatioii  for  the  preceding  Berlin  it^rtt,  were  it- 
•aedthe^HrdenoCNov.  ll,  tsor,  wliereby  aHhentral  vessels^ 
|ini«d  «o  FrAnee,  6r  her  dejpendeiictiee,  or  to  wy  port  (hmi 
^hi^li  British  vese^B  #ere  eicoliided^and  (^rtber^  »U  Ves- 
lenilriiiehed  with  iFreaeh  eoneultr  ufvtlflcatee  dftbe  origin 
of  the  eanmeif  were  deeltred  Hfthle  to  eeisure  and  eonden- 
AattMi.    Th|a  measure*  80  destructive  to  the  rights  and  in* 
lereitao^the  0nited  States,  was  predicated  oponnar  acqaies? 
eeaeeija  the  Berlin  deoree  orNoveniber,i806,  twelve  months 
IH|te^H|pr^  l^hav^  that  deeree»tas  I  bavo  state4>had  hot 
Ibt^eii  cn|b|il!iBed  against  our  oomnberce,  and  of  course  we  had 
|ai  no^  j'lypiitto  remtuistrate  against  it.  %'here  did  not^  there- 
Ihre  exist  tbataoquieseen^e  w  hich  could  have  warranted  this 
Jii^-haiided;ontrage. 

..'M^^  tne  reader  to  judge  correctly  on  the  subject  of 

lihieae  celehrated  ordera*  I  annex  a  copv  of  them  at  ML 

-length.:,    -  :    .     _,  '-'■';:>; ^ r^  Ft V;*V/>",  ' 

:.0t tU Ctmt i^tht  Ottcm'«  Pahee^the  11<^  t^Mntmher,  1807.. 
' <%   pnm^pthi MUn^t mint exr^knt Mtjefty in CaHneU, 

;^> ,  iWbsrtis  eot^  orden»  ooUbiUhbR  «o  unprecedented  ijnHMi  of  wwftr^ 

tlgi^vMttlvui  Upgdoaiir  Wt4  aira^A  espaoiillx  «t  the  dettruetion  of  its  comwier^ 

"iiinilreMHiii^  wervaonie  tiine  unee  iitued by  thie  fovwrwtteat  of  n«noe,  bv 

wbieh  <*  tbe  Btitiak-ililiinda  were  deeUred  to  be  m  •  »tate  of  bloekjide  f* 

lb6vdif  aubjaetii^  to  capture  and  ediideauutibn  all  vetaels  with  their  cargoes, 

whiob  Wmi  eb^CiifNii^to  Hide  ^th  hit  majcit/s  diMiinibns  : 

And  «4ierew  by  the  tUai  orden^ "all  trying: inKafi^iah  nerchandiMis  tm>> 
Jhibited;:  andevei^r  article  of  in«rcbandise  belonginf  to  Uag^Mid.  er  eonUog 
'  Heam  hit  eoloMot,  or  of  hef  nwnufteture,  is  dedsred  bnrfid  prixe." 
;    Andwlereaa the  iutions in alUence with Ffwiec,  and  under  her  ccinttoul, 
were  required  to  jsive^ead  have,  given,  and  do  give,  efteet  to  sueh  orders : 
And  wher<^  hu  mijestjit's  order  of  ti>e  7th  c^^i^iuaiy  test,  hM  not  answered 
'  tiitt  desired  purpose,  eitlusr  of  cqoipdling  ^  encmsr  to  recall  those  orders, 
(M>  (^indtMinf  neittnl  natiotw  to  interpose,  with  :ffiict  to  obtaip  their  revoca. 
tibii:  but^  on  tbe«ontrai7,  ihe  suae  have  been  recently  enforced  with  int 
eriasedi^(olif; 

At4  whiiireas  his  nuuesty,  nnd^r  these  circumstances,  finds  himself  cooipel- 
led  to  tain  IbrthernidMoresibr  asserting  and  vindicstting  bisjoitrMi^'  and 
ibr  supporting  that  marithqe  j^er  #hieh  the  exertions  aii^  vahnir  ^h'ls  peo- 


ple hsve,  under  the  blessing  of  providepce,  enabled  him  to  establish  ( 

tabi «  Slid  the  inaint^nanoe  of  vhich  is  tiot  niore  essential  to  the  safety  and 

prosnerityof  his  majestyis  dottiinloins,  than  lit  i»  totheprotectioto  of  sucb  states 

as  ^11  retain  Ximt  nidependence,  and  to  t))e  general  intereouriie  and  hj^pniess 

ofinankind. 

His  n|i(iesty  is  therefbrp  passed,  by  snd  with  the  advice  of  his  privy  coun* 
cQ,  to  ohier,  tnd  it  it  hereby  (wdered,  that  off  ihe  pvrf  and  pXaeea  y  Franca 
u^d  htf  a^ie$,  w  ^fangf  4^X0'  country  at  |var  v4th  hit  majetty,  and  off  ttherporU 
fr^feffeK  fn  Em^^piiff  vflkkh,  t^M^^nst  (tf  wm  m$h  hi$  mq/tt^,  the  JBriHs/^ 


THE  OUn;  BRANi 


ca!' 


1«1 


mulnmi^faikih  -*-'«*  M«  MMtg^KwM  »«w<m0tr  —iiiifimit  •»  tfOmmmm'amt 
AnditklimbylwwMdind  Middeoln«dt  UiM  aU  tndt  tear- 


tkiM\rtkid»u«ortliBpradnoe«rinMatet«Mflf  tlMi|M  eooiNriM  or«olo« 
niMt-dMlllw  dMOMd  Md  cMridaivd  to  bBonteWftilt  ndtlMt  «iMfyw«ttl 


Miff  4^  tfilMiJcih  tIMh*  tap»mr94«mdmitdutmda$piiiH*»tl»  ta^vrt. 

But  ilthough  Ms  au^y  would  be  fblly  Justified,  by  the  eireuaetenece  end 
ooneidentlone  aboto  teoitedf  i*  eMblisMnr  each  »  mtem  of  feetMetioiie  with 
Nipect  to  dl  the  cjMntries  Mid  ooloniee  of  Ilk  caeiBiMb 'without  •aoeMion  or 
qualiflee^  t  yet  hie  inijcetar»  heinf  uevertheleM  deeirout  not  to  suljcct  neu- 
tnb  to  Mijr  me^  fawonveittiMe  than  ia  abaoltttely  inaeparaWe  llroifi  the  ear- 
fyiflf  into  efltet  Ma  ai^^Jeel^s  juet  detomfamtkm  to  cQuntiraot  the  dealMs 
ofhw  encwica,  and  to  vetert  opoo  theoMeltea,  the  conatqtftnees  nf  their  own 
violcno*  and  iMustiae  I  and  beinf  yet  w^llny  to  hope  thai  it  nay  be  poaHble 
(coMiatently  with  that  objeet)  auu  to  aOow  to  neutrali  the  opportutdtyofftir- 
uiaUnc  theaudrca  with  eelonid  produce  fcr  their  own  oonsumntion  and  eup. 
nlyvonrfnim  I*  itoM  aMH^*  liW  ^ifWR(  SUCH  TRAIA  WTTHinS  MA^ 
TV'BENBIflBS  AS  SHALL  BE  CARRIED  ON  DIBBCTLY  WITH  THE 
PORTS  OF  knS  MAJESTTS  DOMINIONS,  OR  OF  HIS  ALLIES,  in  ^be 
Dianner  fatnhMfter  mentioned. 

iWe  majeaty  is  therefore  pleased  ftrther  to  order;  and  it  ia  hereby  ordered. 
tHatlwtWaf  herein  eonUunedshdl  extend  to  sulitject  to  captute  or  eondemna. 
tionany«iasd,ortiieoafgo  of  anyveaad,  belonging  to  any  oenntty  net  de- 
chmdbythis  order  to  be  aubiCGted  to  the  reatrietioas  incident  to  a  state  of 
blodtade,  whidi  shall  ha(*»  cleared  out  with  such  caigo  ftom  iome  port  or 
plaeeof  Af  equrtiy  to  wUoh  she  beloiwa,  cither  in  Biuopo  or  America,  or 
nam  sonw  ftee  pofl  lA  his  majes^s  colonies,  under  cirounstancea  in  which 
aueh  trade  ftomsuehfiee  port  is  pennitted,  direct  i«  fesw^sitsr^ociiK  iht 
cthndet  •f1d»  mtffet^t  atwmkt,  •rjnm  Mew  eoltnle$  dbrett  U  tht  ctiiMiy  Is  vMth 
««M  «e*M/MH^  Or  to  some  fkiee  poH  in  tie  miljesty'a  ooloidea,  in  sud^ 
and  whh  auch  articles,as  it  may  be  bwfiil  to  import  into  such  free  portt  nor 
«•  amji  vtuek  sr  eorjr*  ^aKj/  WMeV  Af^fAv  *•  019  cmtatrj/  nat  at  war  with  hit 
nuiiuN  whieh  thatt  Haee  ekared  out  frmn  nmepm  tr  fhce  in  tht$  kinjdmi  vr 


ner  uoanmce;  nor  w  any  Teasel,  or  the  cargo 
ofany  vessel,  bdoogblgto  any  eoohttyiittt  it  warwitit  \m  mijetty,  ^hich  shall 
be  coroiMrfiom  ahy  port  or  place  in  Europe,  which  is  declared  by  this  order 
toJiesutnecttothe  reatriettons  incident  to  a  state  Of  blockade,  INBSTINED 
TO  SOBIE  PORT  OR  PLACE  m  EUROPE  BELONGING  TO  HIS  MAJESTY, 
and  which  shall  be  on  her  forage  direct  theretpt  but  these  exceptions  are 
not  to  be  understoud  as  excepting  from  capture  or  confiscation  anyveasel  or 
soods  whicb  shstt  be  liable  thereto  in  respect  of  having  entered  ot  departed 
from  any  port  or  place  actuallv  blockaded  by  hia,  mtyeaty's  squadrons  or  ships 
of  war,  or  fbr  being  enemies'  property,  or  for  any  other  cause  than  the  con- 
travention  of  this  present,  order. 

And  Ihe  commanders  of  bis  majesty's  ships  of  war  and  pnvaiteera,  and  other 
vessels  ecting  under  bis  nujesty^  commission,  shall  be,  and  are  Ucieby  in- 
structed, to  warn  every  vessel  which  shidl  have  commisnced  her  voyage  prior 
to  liny  notice  of  this  oraer,  and  shall  be  deatined  to  anv  port  of  Fnmoe,  or  of 
herallifes,  or  of  any  ottuer  countiy  »t  wmr  with  his  majesty,  or  to  any  port  or 
place  fiom  which  the  British  Ssg,  m  afi^resai^  is  exchided,  or  to  any  cokmy 
belonging  to  hia  migesty's  enomies,  apd  which  shull  not  have  cleared  out  as  is 
bcireirt  beiaf|!»  allowed,  t6  disoOntinuie  her  vpyage,  and  to  proceed  to  some  port 
Of  }f\ar»  ip  iSca»  lin^m;  or  to  Gibnttv  or  Malta.    And  any  vessel  which. 


^ 


-ill 


'•'M 


^ih^iP 


mm 

'MM 


M 


tit  TV!  OMTl^  BBANCB. 

.*"  f  ,  •'•'■.  ^   ■''  >■   ■    "     :        ■    '.  ' 

•(W  luiviaff  Imm  M  waiMd,  or  aftir  •  NMoaiUa  tSiM  tlMn  hava 

«Mt(riMi  ilM  wUmL  or  wkiak^  aAw  Iw^iffnUw  of  tlO^d^ 
hanA  hi  tf»  pwowdttwi  of  wy  wyf •  c^yij^  <*  0»  """^j'**— . 

m  two  oraift  MMN  M  fltMWMf  Md(  ImMMV  WMI  MP  OHMAi  flOBOf 

tMrfclprlMtottoo^MMftT  ^^^ 

of  VHNMOf  pNMMwilf  Ott  tfido  Hi  OM  iVtlOliO  too  pOOMMOOr  ■MSWBBll 

Mowi^oo^o  dwwhiiowi  f  owd  «ho  iwwolwon  of  ikooo  oownMoo  Imim 
OBoalMimoo onltlftot  lo ihooo pnkfeMoa%  by Mooptinf  Ami  p«ooM>|rl* 
i%  thoBMdVM  eogMMMtad  ifoirto  or  tbo  OManr«  roiMiMt  at  ootrrt  mMl 
•ortate  doeamonu  tonaod  **  mH(lM$ti  ^ffjgtitr  brtof  cotdlwloo  obtood 
■t tho pmrto of aMpwwiH,  dMM^Mo*  ■>»  o»«l<ii<  <f  oU'^wy  •» wo»V Mo 

^  Aid  vtMfooo  Um  oipodwnt  luw  Soon  diioetod  bf  fkiMo^  Olid  MriMiittad  to 
|y»uohaioidMM>to,ooportofUtoiiowo]ritM»of  WMrifcwdkoeiod  ogoinot  Iho 


toroaMk. 


odvioo  of  hio  privy  c 
^     Rttonablo 


itime 
BOivififf  nolieeortbio  hk  iu^ooyo  o«4ar,  ol  tbo 
port  or  pbM  ftooi  wMob  oneb  mMjMl  baoe  oloond  oayMntf  JoybioMl 

«  <r  owHiiiffwKiy  «A«  aoair,  ooeli  vomoI  ■hall  bo  aiUttdfodlovftil  priao  tn  tio 
oapton,  togothor  with  tho  good*  hiden  tKovein*  belanfinf  to  tbo  porMM  or 
pmono  bf  wiMii,  or  on  wbooe  bduOf,  on)  MMb  doeonmrt  woo  put      " 


And  theriftb^hoaoimMo  tho  lordo  ooNAiariononof  bionudootyVui-^^,, 
hio  mMeo^*  ^<!:wipol  ooorotirioo  of  tute,  the  -loffdf  oonnMoMoon  of  tho 
odmimty,  and  tho  Jvdfeo  of  tho  high  court  of  adBdnkr*  andoowto  of^vioo 

.   .    .  /  *"-»-  -*  ^^^^^  ootothowabolli 


odmiraltir,  aro  to  talie  tbo  i 
tirolf  apwrtoin. 

.  ■.•.   7r^-  W.FAW10NBB. 

.  The  nreeedinff  orders  were  aieixneid  br  Nainleon  «§• 
teMon  Rxr,  MidjutiileatioB  of»  tbe  Milaq  deeree»  of  wbiofi  I 
aubnit  a  copy ;  •Ithoogh  it  Mniewhat  demngeft  the  |jtit  of 
thifpertof  my.iroric.  But  I  priBfer  ffronping  tbeae  three 
doeanentt  Iqgetherf  for  the  ease  ana  eonTemenee  of  the 
reader. 

IMPERIAL  DECREE. 

JkMMbr  M  V»  BrUaiuiie  maitalifa  OrAr  in  CmmtO,  ^  th»  ll«k  JVbwmAfr, 

Napdieoii,  empMor  of  tbo  flrooch,  king  of  Itily,  tfa4  ptotoetor  of  the  Kboo. 
iih  ow^bdoMtionT  '    / 

Oboerring  thenieoMim  adqited  fagr  the  Britirii  g^'wiiiiienj,  on  the  11th  No* 
vonbor  hmt,  hy  which  vmwIo  belonging  to  neuttfi*  friendly,  or  even  jpoweft 
the  olSieo  of  cnglaad,  afe  mode  liSde,  not  only  to  be  Marched  byjl^glidi 
cfUixers,  bat  to  be  oompidMrihr  detained  biEnglind)  and  to  have  a  tax  laid 
oa  them  of  •oflrachjperodit.oiitf^  cargo,  tobetegoUted  bytfaiellritiah  le> 
^•htore. 

Oboenring  tiut  by  these  aeto,  the  Britiah  gDvemment  tknoMimiMMt  ahipa  of 
flifOiy  natko  in  Europe  t  that  H  ia  not  competent  ibr  any  goveroinent  to  dotfact 
from  ita  own  indcpendenee  and  rights }  all  the  sovereigna  of  Eufope  having  in 
trust  the  soverdigitties  and  indep^id^nce  of  the  flagi  diet  if  by  an  unpoMon' 
jUe  wcalmeao,  and  wUch  in  the  qrto  of  poitMity  would  be  an  indeUUe  atiuii» 


TBM  OUVB  9BAII0B. 


lat 


kjr  uMfe,  tha  iMlidi  would  airtU  Um 
6»y  hvn  wihJtfc— Mifp  oT.tiM  t 
iiiftnioutprtaoipK  that  tlw  iMTof  • 


If  Mdi  •  tyMMf  «M  allovad  to  be  MtaMkhad  iato  prineiplM.  Mdi 

of  it  to  tM«rt  k  at^  •  «i|K  M 
I  af  |0m»MMa  to  MtaUSlitlii 
MjprtaoipKtiMttlwiMrof  •MliM^owMlWTarModsiaad  to  gi«t 
todieiyr&fatof  bledtodaiiiiftteMyrtlwito«,w>^hiafii|at<^^ 
Ntfttty  or  «vi«y  itatoi  «•  Im««  daciM  aM  do  dMiM  ai  Mum. 

CBvafjraMyktowhatovavaalteitaMybalaiif,  that  alMill  Imno  auhMiltodi 
to  ba  iiatBhaifty  aa  IfogHah  iMikaa^  a  foyafi  to  Bt*— J»  <*  ''"'M  inwniiid 
aqr  tas  wfeatMsvar  toOa  WMfiSk  gwwwaot,  (a  t>awby.»Dd  ftr that alMab 
dachM»dtobodiaa<t»waifa«rfitoha<»AHbitadthopwtocttaiof  ItokiitipJ 
to  havo  baaona  Ba^lah  pfopcrtjr. 

n.  Whatbar  the  aUpa  th«u  AoaKMMlfMd  by  tho  atUtmy  aoMUMa  of  lk» 
Ingliah  fowiiiiiaaot,  antv  bitooiir  port%  or  tboao  of  our  idliaib  or  ffhfthar 
thqr  ftlllntothaiMMndiof  ourabiyaof  wat,agof  OMpiintaar%thayaiodB» 
dand  to  be  food  aad  lawfbl  piiae. 

Ml.  The  ■ritkh  iahnda  art  jpdawdto  ba  to  a  atato  of  MoeM»,botfa  by 
landandaea.  Bfiy ehip of  wh»to»ar natipii, or whataoa»w the  oatura  (if  faia 
cargo  HMqr  ba,  that  aalla  mini  the  paato  of  Bngland*  op  thow  of  the  B^iiah 
eekmiaa,aBdof  thaoountriaaooeupiod  bjr  Bngtiah  troopa,  aad  jroeeedinii,  to 
lofiaiid^  or  to  the  Bajfliih  Qob»kp»9r  to  aoontriea  occupied  by  logliahtrevpib 
Is  good  and  bwAil  pnioi  as  eonlHtfjr  to  the  present  ^ecicoi.  and  May  ho  «ip> 
tured  by  our  ships  of  war,  o*  our  privateen,  and  sludged  totho«apton 

IV.  These  raeaaurea,  which  are  resorted  to  on|y  in  just  rataUatkM  of  tlM^ 
barbaroua  system  adopted  hy  England,  which  asaimilatoi  its  lagtslatien  to  that 
of  Alglar^  shall  cease  to  turn  any  efioet  with  rasp*et  to  all  natku  who  aha^ 
have  the  firaaess  to  compel  the  Bnglish  government  to  rcspeet  their  (Ugi. 
They  shall  continue  to  be  riMrousty  in  force  as  lon^  aa  that  govurnnwqt  doea 
not  retain  to  the  principle  or  the  law  of  nations  which  reculatea  the  reUtiono 
of  civiliied  statee  in  a  stato  of  wan:  The  provisioas  of  the  preeeiit  daereo 
shall  be  abrogated  and  null  in  fact,  aa  aoon  aa  the  English  abide  agato  by  the 

rjuatwe 


inticiples  of  the  law  of  nations*  which  are  abo  the  prinoiplea  of , 
Mour. 

All  our  rabiitters  are  charged  anth  the  exeeutkM  of  the  praaeat  daoue^ 
Which  shall  be  inserted  iU  the  bulletin  of  the  kwa. 

KAPQLEOp^. 

On  the  Sfith  (tf  NoTeiiiber»  iS07,  an  •ddittonal  order  in 
oouneil  was  issuedt  and  on  tlie  81th  of  March*  i808»  an  aet 
of  paiiittnent  passed,  the  objeet  of  both  of  which  was  t^  per>  ; 
mit  a  trade  between  neutral  natioiis  (the  only  nentral  nauonai 
then  were  the  United  States  and  Sweden)  and  Franoe  and 
her  depeiideneies*  on  th»  anuUHimihai  the  vtsielt  engoMd  w^ 
it  shmdd  rater  vme  BriH^  port,  PAY  A  TRANSIT  DUTt, 
and  take  4mt  a  licence  /  Jna  the  British  government  t^^tded  to 
regard  this  arrangement  as  afavonrconjirred  on  nentrah  !J  i  I 
This  was  faiHr  ciqiping  thiu  climax. 

It  may  not  be  imsatisfactory  to  the  reader,  to  state  the 
duties  thus  laid  on  the  exports  of  the  United  States  hy  a 
foreign  Qation.    Well  might  Mr. JBaring  deelare— 

*'  It  it  immaterial,  whether  it  be  a  tax  on  ■tamp^  or  on  eotten.    This  ( 
bai  been  the  salyeet  of  a  long  and  bloody  war. 


B»riUa 

Bark  (Peruvian)    • 

Cochineal       •       • 
Cocoa  nuto 


Glidt  iiUnttd  »  ht  Undid. 
lOt  ptocWt.dr 
•        df  — 

.  7r  —  . 

.    /I         - 


$3  39 
4  44 


!  ■  fm 


•(! 


H 


1S4 


THE  OLIY^  BRANCH. 


:S.., 


CoOte 

CKiiffar 

GonAM^MidSfliiegta 


m^iwtry 


iS^ 


1  8«~ 

10,  —  . 

I5t  — 

3«  per  hide 
Mperlb. 
9t  —  -       -  . 

13     — •perewt 

•d  per  lb. 
,r4*4dp6»3114fd. 

2,— 

3*    iterevt.   .      • 
Sdpiergil.'        • 

U4d-    ■ 
lOi        pero#t 
■.Ut- ■•'pi^^fewt:  '    - 

Ta     -  ■:■■■■■..    ■,    .- 
4«  4d^3l  1-3  nL 

ldl.5p«lb. 
3*j6d  perewt. 
K    ,     pef  assgdi. 
1  per  ton 

9dperlb. 
717*  '  per  50  <!.  feet 
St     per  piece     ^• 
lOt—         .         . 
rt7t— 


tton  (ill  but) 

PilMllltO  r  ' 

P!teh        -         .       .••-;--,^' 

^MeWlrer 

Blmbpi1»'   -  • 

Mte  ■  '■■■■"■-    '  !^.  ' 

BuniMdSi^ttglngle     • 

DiKOIlttlfttOdlf         • 

Stttar  Cbronpra  wr  IC«icaTado) 
Do.  (vmtewoijre^) 
TtJiaw   '  '  •  - 

Ter      '..,.. 
Tobacco  - 

Ttaptotiw  (eoOUDdn) 

Wood  (n|diogMijr)       <    •>> 

Qxton      .      -.   .  . 

Tutiber 

MMto»  4(0. 6  inehet  under  8 

-—  8— —13^ 

'fr-'  13sQ4«ip«nurds 

GtMir  f|t(  aOam^  to  te  Aeiufed^  and  ti;^  nhith  the  fume<mmm^tiin  duties  naui 

iepaiif»»i«^tatitnt 

Andion  40  per  cent,  on  the  Taluei 


'6  30 

3  S 
3  SS^ 

er 
u 

45 

13  33 

.  ..»' 

33 
45 
4» 

15 

ao 

328 

'  3U 

i5y 

79 

3664 

444 

17 
598 
111 
333 
598 


Aniuttto 
AJbiU 


■»(irf''*^>* 


(2  8*  4rfperewt. 

^v-  ■,'',■;•'  5»--^  • . ' 

*'''--^V      .lOt—  .'    ■■ 

. ,        -         3*6d  - 

■4f-^  :       .■♦,..,,, 

n    i^     ■  :''\. 

18t^     ^     .■^■' 
10«perqr.   • 
5tpepcT!;,.,.v.  K 
&8dp«*  12& 
4*perewt.>  ' 
llOAQt  per  353  gidi. 
17t6dpcreyt. 
I«6dper5611>. 


81065 

i» 

3  33 
55 

90 
444 

4  00 
^33 

90 

46  63 

3  93 

,      33 


Bre»cl.rg)i 

Buttor 

Cebl  I  ind  Cordtto 

Wheat       . 

Wheat  moal  and  Flour 

Stook-fiah  • 

Other  Piih  - 

fleedOil    « 

WaiHWod   • 

Pnxe  fP(>d*  pnriiibited.  Good*  not  eniuriierated,  but  «1iich  ntay  be  med  in 
thii  eoontiy— on  the  ^aenl  iiK<iie«  40  per  cent 

A  letmr  ftom^  BaOmntt  O^tpnd  Btmean,  of  Liverpool,  dAttd  to  thie  be« 
finninf  of  April,  1806»  hat  thiapMai^raph: 

**  Theae  duti»  to  atti^  to  the  catgim  of  off  vetHlt  bttrnd  /rtm  the  Vtdted 
SMei  to  iheiepeif  en  the  eenthteta,  «McA  are  under  the  iHjhienee  ^Franne,  and 
trrnein  lhUeeiriUif,inceii^)liMUxwUhth9«rikrtinceuneUrfthe  iUh  JVHinriiSer." 

AS^tpeue/paMtf.thet^eeHefthMeDtiilee. 

A  cargo  of  eotton,  of  1000  bdei^  of  300  Iba.  each,  which  ia  about  the  ecAn- 
^^non  woUpht,  piying  9d  atierling,  per  lb.  in  £n|^and,  would  aaioantto  the  precise 
raamof  5Oj000dolhurp.  TheaamecMgoof  cottonatl41-3  ceota»tbe  average  price 
.  ibr  fine  Louisiana  cotton,  would  not  cos^  at  NewyOrl^sana  more  than  43,500 
.  4oUars.    Thui  the  exporter  would  have  to  pay  6,500  doUara  in  London,  aa  a 


THE  OUYE  BRANCH. 


tfi5 


20 

ir 

72 
S3 
«r 
U 

iS 

22 
45 

15 

aa 

222 

all 
I53r 

79 
2664 

Hi 

5$S 


1065 

i» 

2  22 
,.  ,  55 

♦  44 

4  00 
4  32 


4*63 
3  92 

uacdin 
ithiebe* 

United 


tpraetae 

reprice 

43,500 


duty  for  liberty  to  proceed  to  the  oontinent,  more  than  the  orif^al  CMt— to 
tl'iia  might  be  ikdded  the  rarioiu  other  charges  of  tonnage,  Stc.  amounting  y> 
about  3000  dollars  more. 

A  cargo  of  tobacco  may  be  sud  to  consist  of  400  h(^head»^fi>r  the  sake  of 
round  numbers,  ve  will  supposeeaoh  hogshead  on)y  to  weigh  1000  Ibf.  and  the 
account  stands  thus— 400,000  lbs.  Tobacco,  at  Id  1-2  sterhog  per  ,  , 

pound,  is  0,500  sterling,  or    i  %  11,100  00 

Tonn^pe,  at  13*  per  ton  on  400  tons,  is  2240  sterling,  or  1,065  00 

Light  money  ana  various  other  charges  and  attendant  expenses, 

would  amount  to  800  00 

Amount  of  tribute  on  a  cargo  12,965  00 

Of  the  80,009  hogaheada  we  generally  exported,  about  12,000  were  oontfian- 
ed  in  the  9ritisti  islands.  The  rest  went  to  the  continent.  Put  thein,  as  before . 


at  1000  lb.  each,  and  what  is  the  amount  of  tribute  on  this  single  lirticle  ?, 

10,000 


68,000  hogsheaib  tobacco,  weighbw  each  1000  lbs.  is  68,000,( 
lbs.  at  td  l-2d  sterling  per  pound,  is  1425,000,  or 
170  ships'  tonnage,  fcc  at  ^2000  doUara  eadi 


m 


jjl  hmflfio  00 

340,000  00 


Amount  Qf  annual  tribute  oh  tobacco  2,338,000  00 

A  ship  would  carry  about  from  sbOO  to  3500  barrels  of  flour ;  «ay  for  Uie  sdte 
of  calculation,  6000  ewt 

6,000  cwt.  at  6t  ateriing  per  cwt  aay>unts  to  /1500,  or  S  6.660  00 

Tonnage  and  charges,  as  ^ve  1,865  60 

Amount  of  tribute  on  on^  cargo  of  floup  8^535  60 

A  ship  load  of  fish  would  cost  about  3500  or  4000  dollars,  including  the 
duties  and  charges.*     .,-Kr. : 


u  4 


4- 


CHAPTER  XXm. 

The  orders  in  council  oJ'J^vember  li,  1807»  defended  ky  Jmer^ 
ieam.  Founded  on  the  unlen(Me  ]^a  qf  American  axquies' 
eence  in  the  Berlin  Decree.  Enquiry  into  their  causes  and  con- 
s^lquences  by  ji.  Baring,  Esq,  M.  JP, 

Pernicious  as  were  the  orders  in  council  to  the  most  vital 
interests  of  the  United  States— degrading  as  was  the  condi- 
tion of  paying  a  transit  duty  in  English  ports — and  uiuust 
and  unfounded  as  was  the  allegation  on  which  these  orders 
were  predicated,  there  Were  defendera  of  them  in  this  coan^ 
try— Aqiericans  bom.  Among  the  number  were  men  in  higU 
and  elevated  stations,  possessing  a  great  degree  of  public 
confidence  and  political  influence.  It  is  a  mc^  singular iiact, 
that  the  cause  of  England  has  been  far  more  ably  supported 
in  our  debates,  and  in  our  political  speculatiiNis  and  essays, 
than  in  London  itself.  There  is  no  man  of  character  or  stan- 
ding in  society  in  that  city,  or  in  the  British  parliament,  that 
has  attempted  to  deny  the  magnitude  of  our  wrongs.  The 
ministry  and  their  friends  have  palliated  their  proceedings 
bv  the  miserable  plea  of  necessity— >and  of  retaliatton— a 
plea  that  Barbarossa,   or  Koulikan,  or  Bonapaiiie,  could 

*  For  all  these  statemenU  and  calculations  I  am  indebted  to  Niles's  Weekly 
Begister,  vol.  3,  page  79. 

9 


i       '   1  * 


\     \^\ 


vn 


^V^?l 


IM 


THR  OUVR  nRANftm. 


w|th  er|iml  JiiPitlo«  ndvnnnv.  Rut  niioIi  roipcotHlilii  man  m 
tli«  R(MO(MiMi  tlia  WliltlirnulNi  i\w  UNrliiffHf  Imvo  beiit(»wed  tin 
tilt  viitrHgtuiii  inniiNurra  ol'  thnir  KiivernmAntt  tlio  nwMt  un- 
qimllfli^d  ropmbntloni  1  Imvo  it  not  In  iny  powor  at  uroN^nt 
tt)  M\*v  in  tlio  U«biit«i  in  |iiii*liiiin«nt.  Hut  t  poi'fuotijr  well 
iH^dttllnnti  unil  Auoii  ol'  my  i^nttderN  an  Iimvo  NuuenN  to  tliom  will 
Noe  Mt  onoti  th«t  llio  r««titud«  of  tlio  oonduwt  of  oui*  govmrn- 
m«nt|  and  Un  mild  witdonvoui'N  Ut  procure  I'AdroNNi  hHvo  re- 
vulvftd  tlio  miMt  iinnqulvooKl  onaomiumi*  tvnni  Mome  of  tlie 
moNt  illttitrloMii  i^liftrHotorN  in  (iroAt  llritaln. 

The  roNpootnliility  of  Mr.  Aluxiindor  Uiu'ing  I*  a  matttr  of 
publlo  noUirloty  tliroiigltout  tlio  QomniQroliil  world.  Thore  li 
no  man  In  Knftland  inor»  tUtHuliod  to  tlio  liuiiour  and  tlia  In- 
lorewtaofiiii  ooiintry.  IIIm  taitimony  liaa  boen»  ai  I  hnve  iald* 
unllbrmly  borno  In  our  l^vour.  and  agalniit  tlio  onormouN  In- 
|uatlo«  oftbo  orderN  in  oounoll— »«nd  aa  it  cannot  fall  to  have 
a  waiirbt  proportioned  to  bla  talontN,  Intogrlty*  and  oliaructofi 
I  aliail  vory(i«««ly  (iiiote  IVomNucih  anunexovptionabloMouroe. 

Tbo  nrtlfra  in  oouiioll  ol'  Nov.  tit  1A07,  w«ro»  a«  wo  have 
aeeui  predlnatnd  ii|M)n  our  ao(iult«Noeiio«  in  tlio  Rorlln  dooroo. 
Mr*  Raring  having  atated  tbo  faoti^^  that  thin  docroo  not 
having  boon  put  Into  uponition  againfit  our  ooinmoroo»  wo 
had  had  no  rignt  to  romouNtrato  aguiniit  it.  pmooodMi 

**  UiitotN,  ih«>mR)iHit  hit  iiii\|(*My*a  mInUlera  h«v*  lom*  liinMnnNilon  of  wliloh  the 
puhlttt  ti  iiM  imivmwmmI,  will  wKlou  mHttrttillvti  Uw  wry  «Imi'  avl<l«inmi  th*  iiiihllo  ilo 

EiMi  ma  mM  otMaluiki  ihM  lh«  MNithMt  In  thu  qnlniN  in  onUMtl  ihHt  A  marlM  h«l 
|uUl^  oI'lhMi  Mi)iil«M«u««  In  Mm  «l(i«r«>«ii  of  PntiUMi,  w\M\  wa*  (n  ilmw  down. 
M*  •ti'NWii  tluwii  (iiMHt  h«iv  OttrmiinatMd  ttlHlUUniii  dj^^n  Matlif  vaid^fj^n- 
iM*H,**t 

Tho  Mlaoy  oftho  aUogatlon  of  an  aoouloNOonoo  Intho  Rot*. 

Iln  deeroo  having  boon  provod»  Mr.  Raring  thua  aooouiit^ 

(V»r  tbo  Milan  dooroo»  whioh  waa  tlio  oHkpring  of  tho  orders 

in  ooanoll  of  Nuvombor  it»  1807. 

**  If  what  Hm  ho«H  ata(v«l,  ba  oartf  at,  tliat  nur  nnloM  In  •minoll  ara  luA  JiiHinml, 
by  aiur  iiraviona  ni<AV(M«Uan,  ^Lj*  'i^  mun  A*  «%iitkmtljt  »tt»  nfwigimxl  ttfofiitiMiM  i 
•iwl  rvrnvM  rtrtanaMd  mueh  in  tlia  mhm  manner  au«l  with  (lie  unw  rliriit  ai  wu  uur* 
Mi)v«M  ahMlU  h«v«  <lm»|  liad  tK«  ttMriln  (lMra«  bawn  rigitlljr  axaentctdrt 

The  (hllowlng  mantoiiy  analyais  of  the  ordorti  In  council  in 
taken  Ivuxtk  Mr.  Harlng*a  pamphlet 

*< .  tN  fiHuAr  •Aftwff^  fum  Jnurtea  f  #v#ry  part  ami  n*mtr^  at  war  m'th  fitintl 
Jlrf'«<M.  ¥r^f^*m  wM«<A  HW  flhiitA,/A|f  '*  ^f^fntwM,  i»  ftaU^  prthihUml  In  (kit  iftH- 
«r«l/hN«MM(<aN.  ^vmy  part  f/*  ANri^.  with  thf  <Mrr#/>M»w  trt  prM*Hl  nf  SisiJm,  it 
indu^hdi  OHtin*  tUmncdtn  wA«/*(«r  mail«  6M¥mH  tht  dtmetHc  pfduc*  ^  Amt' 
tt%  ami  that  ^f  thi*  caAtMi/M,  rM»  kftt'leilfHm  thene*  !  t  f 

V  THm  U>Mla  ftiMH  Amo.'ioa  «« t\w  oelonia*  of  all  nHtionii  rvmaliii  unaltaratl  by  the 
prew^nl Qr«l«K\    Jtmmica  n\a^«jep»rt  tht  pi'tdue*  ^t^Aer  ewi  catwMi'y,  but  that  ^f  n* 

**  WitK  the  alMtve  «ita«ntlmt,  all  arti«li««t  whoiher  of  ilnmcMie  or  oolnniHl  nrmliiee 
<Mi')Mna<l  by  \m«Wea  to  KyntiHt,  m\i^  h*  taadMl  in  thin  MMfMy  [Knglana]  Awn 
wbraee  tt  U  intanttetl  to  penult  thoir  e«)>ortatioii,  uiidnr  auoh  rfKulallont  at  ihall 
be  b»re*a«>r  rietennineU. 


•  5i»e  i»»8«  no.       t  niitnx*!  Kmiulry,  |M|e  70.        \  IbUI. 


THE  OLIVE  BHANCII. 


ler 


"  tly  tli#Mt  rajmhiion*  k  li  unilrnlmNl  ihNt  (lulitt  uit  to  ir  impmil  on  allwHtkt 
»9  rvtvpmlnl,  mx  It  li  l«'iinmi««l  Uinihii  (•ttvfttltm  will  Im  iimmI«  lit  AivMir  ofMiak •• 
Mw  (hn  prmint  >  (iT lli«  llnlttil  Ntmai,  •ntum •ktvpMril. 

"  \\\y  VMM'I,  (li«  iiaiuo  wkvrviif  •Imtl  b*  •vnnniuiiiilnl  with  frrttflvnti'*  of  Fitfinb 
loiiiul*  hIhinmI.  iiTlia  i/riKin,  •tt«il,  («giih«r  wiiii  lu  •wafit  U  liabto  to  Mixurt  mm 
MndmtitHttlmi.''* 

It  in  h«re  pmpfr  to  mnkf  n  Nolrinn  imiiie*  The  Aubji^et 
d«N(*rv«N  thn  (li^viicut,  thr  niont  NcriouN  rrflectlon.  Let  un  ex* 
Amine  tliim  nketelii  drawn  by  •  niewtrrlv  Imndf  beyond  the 
rcNCh  ofiimpieion*  Let  ueoniieider  the  (fei|iiitic«  the  Uwlem 
elnimii  it  AnNertN— tite  profitrKte*  the  bafie»  the  deapleable  itate 
it  nlaceN  thi^  (^imineiee  and  the  righfa  of  a  aovereign*  an 
independent^  and  unofHrndlng  natien-^a  nation  wlioae  trade 
wan  of  inealoulable  intpi»rtanee  to  tlie  power  thua  daring  to 
tciriMlatf  for  ua,  and  deatrov  our  deartat  righte  of  aovereignty. 
When  thin  ia  all  fuirly  anil  duly  weighed,  let  ua  correetly  ap- 
preeiute  the  cundiiotof  mo  many  Americana*  who  have  aaaert- 
ted  with  a  7.eal  wortliy  of  a  gtMNi  eauae*  that  England  **  baa 
really  done  our  crtmnieree  no  e Me ntial  injury  l^'fThe  annala 
of  the  world  can  |ii'oduco  nothing  more  Indefenaiblc— nothing 
more  aatoniihing. 

The  end  prfipoaed  hy  the  nritiali  gf>vf  rnment  in  thia  atu* 
pondniia  project  of  uaurpntiont  la  tliua  uhly  eh  etched.  '^ 

"  (TT*  Thttt^mtiiemw  iitv  to  hrin/t  h  IhU  cwntry  all  tht  l>roihif»  ^fthfiir  imn,  «m<f 
fi//  ml  t(four  0tmi4«if  cokniti,  wA/cA  thuif  0Tp»rl  to  Kurope.  W«  rn  bort  to  Uma 
M  giantl  <'ni|M)rlum  of  the  Mwtljr  iirmluM  of  Aii*  niiiI  Anioricti  whi«h  ii  to  b*  dii> 
pan'cd  to  tha  illlTbivnt  «ountriM  of  Kui<o|i«,  iiiiil«r  nuoli  rtguiiliiiM  ■•  w«  noy  think 
praprr.  I  luiiiMMt,  •oooi'dliit  lo  lhi>lr  good  htihNviour.  ({j*  Tatti  aro  to  bo  rtiUed 
/Vtm  the  conmm»r»  en  the  tottrtnmt/  •ml  fh^  tiro  to  be  eontrivMl  wHh  aiicli  JudieU 
oni  iklll  HM  to  Moura  our  own  W«|t  India  plauMn  •  prelln'enea  to  thoMs  of  Cunt  antl 
Mtml»lq«fl."» 

**  'I'hn  Anivrlotn  morehiitt,  with  th«  bout  inlfntloni  of  tmdinc  \ffMy,  mniMt  ■!• 
wajra  know  whtil  thli  •(Nintr)rp«rmlti|  flir  w*  wlmit  that  uplMildrHg  a  gwDcral  |irinci< 
'     "  "^  hiIhIoii  to  iMtutrali  nndflr 


ulo  whkh  wo  novor  oitl^triMi,  w«  may  and  do  fury  our  uvmil 

it  «•  wo  plooie.    Ruppoting  Mm  in  thii  roipeet  not  Habit  to  orrnr,  he  ii  eii|Micd  to 


uiOhiI  d<Mii|ofla  in  our  viae  admiralty  eounWik  danger  of  no  coro'mon  magnitude, 
we  aro  to  believe  the  aMirilon  ofh>rd  IIawk«'«btii'y  In  the  houie  of  eoittmom»  the  SUth 
of  April,  INOI,  that  ^  MappotUi  from  thtoe  oowit,  on^  98  f^  the  eondetmuittoni 

mnv  re»|/lrm«i«.'*f 

What  a  hideoua  picture  of  the  rapacity  and  piratical  pro- 
eeedinga  of  the  Britiah  privateera  la  here  cxnibited !  It  ia 
not  unfair  to  suppoae*  that  of  the  number  of  veaacla  caiiturcd 
and  bro'ight  in  for  adjudication*  one^fourth  were  cleared  in 
the  Weat-Indiea.  Admitting  thia  calculation*  the  whole 
number  of  capturea  embraced  in  the  statement  of  Lord 
Hawkeabury*  waa  probably  480>  of  which  about  100  were 
cloarf  d  In  the  Weat  Indlea— 285  unjuatly  condemned  there* 
and  aftorwarda  cleared  In  Great  Britain— and  only  Si  really 
and  bona  fide  lawftil  prize— -ao  that  ft  anpeara,  that  of  every 
twplvo  veaaela  brought  in  for  trial*  eleven  were  unjustly 
eaptured ! 

"  If  we  had  maintained  and  defended  thli  doatrine  hoMly  nnd  fiiirljr  againit  all  na- 
don*,  good  aiKumenta  in  favour  of  it  enuld  not  l>e  wanting.    But  when  we  have  nni- 
*  Idem,  nan  til.       f  ^i*-  Kokcring'a  letter  to  (pernor  Sullivan,  page  ISi. 
i  Bario/a  Enquiry,  pegc  IC.  II  Idem,  page  43. 


WM 


♦i'-' 


.     I  A, 


\M 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


fermljr  y!«]<1ed  it,  wid  inileed  forborne  tn  claim  it,  (H}*  ctm  it  b«  cmuitjm*  either 
teitk  magnanimity  arroodJoUey,  to  bring  itforwanlmw,  BECJUSE  THE  OJV' 
Xr  REMAI^IJSTG  JVEVTAm.  H^SjlDEFEJ^fCELESS  COMMENCE  y 
(Sp"  If  tueh  cewardly  uijttatice  iiUt  he  me  of  our  remniftea  in  thete  ttying  timet, 
wnm  ehmUion  of  tentimait  mid  of  national  chara>:ter  are  mmv  than  ever  wanted, 
the  meant  and  itrenrihtf  thit  powerfid empire  are  indeed  Uratigetg  miiimuterttood."* 

"  This  (leoition  [In  the  oue  of  the  Bimx,  Orme^^  tlthough  the  dietinetioii  wai  not 
made  to  catch  the  common  eye,  was  well  known  Xoemibrqce  the  whok  foreign  trade 
of  ^.neriea,  excepti'Ktbat'hi  herown  produce.  It  cireutated  r«|>idly  among  our 
cruizen  and  priviiterrx  and  Q^tn  the  course  of  a  fortnight  tK$  teat  wwre  mjktired 
«f  every  American  akip  they  covldfnd,  which  now  crowded  ouvporU  for  trial}  and 
our  'W'eit  Inriia  merebantM  were  Kratlfleif  I7  neutral  inaurariee  and  fl-eightt  being  at 
1|^  doubted  by  thii  hiRniiou*  (1!«eorery.*'t 

•VThia  decision  laid  the  foondation  of  all  th^  eompUints  of  America  of 
our  vexatious  measures  againsther  trade,  as  it  introduced  a  totally  new 
line  of  eoitdact  towards  it ;  aiid  tbatebange  pnoducedtbe  nm'impartation  act 
otvfbiebwiaffiettomuobiHdignMim,*** 

"  Nor  was  the  injury  to  the  Americans,  confined  to  the  application  of 
these  new  and  vexatious  principles ;  for  our  t)rivateers.  apprehending  little 
danger  of  b<ting  made  answerable  for  their  error,  were  not  disposed  to  make 
nice  distinctions ;  but  (j^^kiained  and  tent  in  every  vettel  tbef  nut  naitb,  wider 
the  mott  f'i^'otom  pretences  ,•  in  v/iich  they  vere  alto  eneouraged  by  the  expecta- 
tian  nfttttual  mar.  Of  the  extent  to  which  this  was  carried,  some  idea  may- 
be formed;  when  it  is  stated,  that  cargtfes,  wholly  of  American  produce, 
and  of  the  produce  of  neutral  countries  trading  with  America,  were  cap* 
tured,  and  even  brought  to  trial.'*f 

"  CCj"  '''4«  vmnert  vfprivateert  are  in  the  AtUfi  practice  of  bringing  b^  volua- 
ble  cargoet,  and  offering  immediately  to  releaie  them  for  one  or  two  hxmdred 
ruineat.  They  sometimes  require  a  much  larger  sum.  The  London  merchant 
tt  either  Miged  to  tteipiietee  in  THIS  INIQUITOUS  ROBBERY,  or  let  bis 
correspondent  suffer  the  more  expensive  vexations  which  it  is  nnfortunately 
in  the  power  of  these  people  to  infiict"|| 

<'  The  measures  resorted  to  by  America,  under  these  clrcamstances  of 
provocation,  were  certainly  of  ^  the  mildeit  tpeciea  of  hoatiKtj,  and  tueh 
at  evidently  ahemed  a  detire  ofpeaee>  A  law  was  passed  prohibitmg  the  im> 
porta'ilon  of  certain  articles  of  British  manufacture  t  by  which  a  demonstra> 
tion  of  commercial  warfare  was  certainly  intended.  But  it  is  such  as  every 
independent  nation,  even  in  time  of  peace,  has  a  right  to  resort  to  without 
giving  offence :  and  if  the  commerce  of  America  were  to  -be  materially  in- 
terrupted, a.redacUon  of  her  importation  <rf  European  attidee  became  indis* 
pepsable.  Tlus  law,  after  different  suspensions,  is  not  yet  repealed.  Of  its 
wisdbmi  as  a  commercial  measure,  there  may  be  doubts ;  but  ^3*  a«  aH  an- 
iwyarice  if  our  trade,  for  the  piirpoae  tf  enforcing  aretpect  for  theirt,  we  home 
no  right  to  complam  ^it."% 

"  If  we  had  treated  the  commerce  of  America  with  sincerity,  instead  of 
molesting  it.  m  we  hav<>  seen.  (Cjf  BY  A  REPETITION  OF  THE  MOST 
DISGRACEFUL  CHICANE,  that  commerce  would  have  suffered  leu, 
and  our  own.endii  Would  have  been  answered.  Such  an  appeal  to  the  good 
sense  of  that  country,  would  certainly  have  been  less  likelyfto  produce  war 
than  the  sophistry  witb  which  they  have  been  treated,  and  of  which  every 
man  in  it  must  detest  the  folly.^'*^ 

"  For  ■«  exteneive  <in  injury  to  a  eotmtry  CCT  WHOSE  RIGHT  OF  INDE- 
PENDENT SOVEREIGNTY  WAS  VIOLATED,  AND  WHOSE 
COMMERCE  WAS  DESTROYED  BY  THIS  PROCEEDING,  it  would 
hv/t  been  in  vain  to  search  for  authorities  or  precedents  any  whei<."f  f 

We  lia\'e  seen  tliat  French  vonsular  eertificates  at  the 
origin  of  the  cargo  of  a  vessel,  by  the  orders  in  council  sub- 

.  i  Idem,  page  51. 
tt  Idemt'pase  64. 


'n 


f  Rnring's  Enquiry,  page  47, 
f  T<iem.  pHget  57  Sf  58. 
*^  Idem,  page  39. 


t  Idem,  page  50. 

I  THem,  page  58. 

••  J-Jem,  page  63. 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


ii$ 


jected  both  vessel  and  cargo  to  condemnation.    Ontbeim* 

quity  of  this  feature  of  the  orders,  Mr.  Baring  renarits  :-^ 

••  We  in  muy  c»MS  require  foreign  articlcft.  imported  into  this  ONNatvT 
to  be  Accomptnied  by  certificntei  from  our  counit  »broad..  liotfcfngcen, 
Uierefore,  be  more  ftivplitui  than  the  auertion  of  our  right  to  complain  ;of 
the  acquiescence  of  Americati  mcrchanti  in  the  regulatioQa  of  France  re- 
specting certificates  of  origin.*^ 

I  liopie  the  reader  yrfiX  attend  to  the  conisequences  of  this 
feature  of  the  oMers  in  council.  Let  it'iiever  be  forgotten. 
It  is  worthy  of  being  borne  in  eternal  remembra.nce.  If  they 
ha^  no  other  odious  feature*  this  would  be  sulleient  to  dis^ 
grace  theni»  and  their  authors  and  abettors;  Suppose  Mr. 
George  Caboty  Mr.  James  Llojrd,  jun.  Timothy  Inc&erihg* 
Cottimodore  Dale,  or  any  otbe?  citizen  of  tlio  United  States,  to 
send  a  vessel  to  sea,  owned  by  himself,  manned  with  American 
sailors,  and  Idaded  with  American  prodiietions— bound  for 
the  solitary  comer  of  Eurt^e,  Sweden,^ which  was  not  in- 
tel:dicted-by  the  orders  in  council— suppose  her  provided 
with  a  French  consular  certificate  of  the  origin  of  the  cargo : 
and  finally,  to  cImc  our  suppositions,  suppose  her  carried 
into  London  by  a  British  phvateer-x-and  brought  before  Sir 
'William  Scott  for  acyudication. — She  would  most  assuredly 
be  condemned'  for  aiiUnoRiMOEMEiiT  of  the£awotha- 
Tioirs,  in  being  pnroidedittfiih  a  French  e&nauldr  certifieate!  ! ! 
What  an  awfifl  mockery  of  justice  in^hosowho  prescribed — 
what  a,:  shameful  prostratitm  and  baseness  of  mind  in  those 
who  pleached  submission  to — such  a  lawless  regulation,  cal- 
culated to  ffprey  upon  the  unprotected  prdplerty  of  a  friendly 
poiper,**^^ 

•'  The  comprehensive  nature  of  ihe  iiijury  which  America  must  sofl^r 
from  omr  system,  by  leaving  no  ciMSof  its  population  ttnaffieeted  by  it, 
affords  little  hope  of  the  interference  of  any  for  the  preservationef  peace' 
The  greit  interest  which  a  country  still  possessing  the  means  of  indepen- 
dence, shoutd  feelin  the  preservaUbn  of  ours,rp>«i7/  beteit  in  the  more 
immedittte  and  perceptible  contequ  nre»  tfrntr  fht^  mdMiiUl^ 

"The  new  orders  were  of  a  description  to  prodmce  a  revolutibn'in  the 
whote  commerc.'  of  the  world— and  a  total  derangement  of  those  mutual 
rights  and  relations  by  whieh  civilized  nations  have  hitherto  been  con- 
nected."! 

"  It  mutf  be  evident  from  the  whole  tenor  of  our  proceedings,  that  com. 
mercial  interest  has  been  our  moving  principle  throughout  j  tfiat  0!^  evety 
demotutnuim  t^A*  riighteH  kotlOftji  on  tM  other  tide,  Aatcrignated  ia  pur  attetnitt 
to  advance  that  inUreH  in  ritlaling'  the  ri^^  and  intereaf  afothert  >  snd  tkii  (I^fff 
•meare^hMeaUedv^nntatake^p  arm,  Uitm»utpari  afuarrd  abmU n^pii' 
andcojfee,andnotineupp¥rttfnatimalhetiiiiitr.**n 

"  CO*  ^1^  eoHtequeneee  of  tuck  a  ttme  tf  tkingt  ftuut  pratluee  rvin  to  emery 
date  and  deteriptioHef  pertoat  in  America  ^-^  and  theynre  sooltvious,  so  in- 
evitable, that  one  cannot  avoid  thinking,  that  they  must  hr  ve  occunrdl  <« 
the  framers  of  th^s  new  system."** 

"  To  make  thislimitatlon  of  neutral  trade  a  part  of  the  law  of  rations,  it 

*  Idem,  psge  66.  f  ^  Boiton  Memorial,  page  73,  Svo.  edit. 

#  Enquiry,  psoe  78.  f  Idem^page  10. 
II  Idem,  page  79.             **  Idem,  page  18. 


I 


'i'Kii 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


it  not  •tJSsiffBt  that  H  tkoald  be  userted  by  one  powtr.-»lt  muit  Hkcwiic 
be  adiQiktcAby  ethcn  i  which  is  to  fur  from  liavltig  bcon  the  esse,  that  in  all 
0«r  diicuuions  about  ncnttal  rights,  we  have  not  only  never  obtained  from 
my  natioB  a  recognition  of  this  rule,  but  (J3>  it  doet  not  ««en  oppeor  to  haw 
kein  at  tuff  timk  terimufy  iniitted  tr^on.^* 

*'  WiMit  can  then  be  the  object  of  holding  ap  ^his  rale  [of  1756"]  as  the 
pailadioln  of  our  maritime  rights,  or  why  has  'ahi  so  long  dormant? 
Instead  of  America  being  accused  of  a  disposition  , '  encroachment  hostile 
to  our  dignity,  in  refusing  to  admit  Into  the  lail^  of  fiationa,  a  principle  which 
Ao*  mir/wr  Jiwii  adwtiu«i  by  ot  tt^etdtomari*  oihen,mn  we  not  rather  our> 
adres  wanting  to  oar  own  digtill^  in  proclaiming  a  law  which  we  have  never 
veiuttted  to  defend— In  setting  op  a  right,  whichr  by  our  owa  treaties  with 
foreign  nations,  we  have  ourselves  encouiagcd  them  to  trample  on  ?"f 

•*  ft  would  have  been  highly  interesting  to  fcnew  hew  many  instanoef  [of 
fraudulent  ownership}  had  been  discovered ;  as  by  pekting,  thcs»  out  to  our 
t«vemment»  redress  might  have  h^n  obtained  by  applieatiof  to  that  of 
America,  whrne  strict  attention  to  ti>e  character  of  her  flag  h«a  dwiys  l^en 
repnarkable."! 

'*  1  mnst  say,t  and  I  apeak  from  een^derabie  eaperience»  that  vhe  charac- 
ter  of  the  great  body  of  merchants  in*  Afnerica*  little  deserves  the  nnjnst 
insinuations  in  which  writers  on  this  subject  have  indulg«d.*'| 

"During  a  considerable  part  of  the  last  and  present  war,  wehavejndeed 
respected  the  rights  of  those  not  concerned  in  it  (][>  Mm  »Ae  confAtcl  evtn 
tflVmee  confurnuhfe*  ttrmtger  prvofi  «f  a  dumgard  if  that^t  ahd  rfmore 
frhUtut  preteneet  mt  which  they  have  Seen  invadeii,  than  outy  bit  fumdki  mir 
ttmiuet  <«  1805,  and  still  more  in  the  recent  measures  which- we  have  bei  t 
considering.*^  , 

**  If  our  commercial  treaties  with  Portugal  are  to  be  he^  op.  as  they  havA 
been,  to  tiie  adflriration  of  statesmen,  we  cannot  fail  to  admire  the  libenl 
policy  of  America  towards  the  produce  of  our  industry,  when  we  consider 
the  latj^  balance  which  ahe  annually  pays  us,  and  our  illiberal  jealoasy  of 
ker  intercourse  with  other  countries,  from  which  alone  that  balance  attm  be 
pakl."** 

i<*  If  my  former  observations  produce,  as  I  think  they  must,  n  conviction 
that  the  trade  and  property  so  sported  with,  belong  to  an  honeat  jieutral, 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  OUR  CONDUCT  TOWARDS  IT  DEISERVES 
THU  KAME  OF  THE  MOST  UNQJLJALIF1&D  lKJU$TICE."tt 

The  reader  who  compares  the  style  atid  snhstanceof  the 
memorials,  with  Mr.  Baring's  essay,  will  find  that  coinci- 
dence, that  cogency,  that  irresistible  conviction  which  result 
from  truth  and  honourable  principles.  The  Ameriean  mer* 
ehants,  ^oquently  and  convincingly  pleading  for  the  rights 
of  their  countiy,  and  their  own  persoiial  interests,  unjustly 
assailed-— speak  nearly  the  same  lanjguage,  and  make  use  of 
the  same  arguments.  La  Mr.  Baring,  when  he  sought  to  save 
his  country  flrom  the  disgrace  and  dishonlour  <^  employing 
her  tmnseeiident  naval  power  to  overwhelm  and  prey  upon 
the  commerce  of  an  unoffending  neutral,  merely  because  that 
Bcutrd  was  not  in  a  state  to  defend  herself. 

I  trust  thai  no  apology  can  be  necesswy  for  these  copious 
extracts  on  this  idl-important  topic.  The  high  standing  and 
character  of  the  writer,  as  I  have  alretidy  observed,  and 
take  the  liberty  to  repeat,  endtle  his  sentiments  to  peculiar 


*  Idem,  page  SS. 
€  Idem,  page  3S. 
tt  Idem,  iMge  57. 


t  Idem,  page  83. 
U  Idem,  page  71 


^  Idem,  page  38. 
**  Idem,  page  W. 


atten 

were 

hint 

forth 

palti^ 

Aft( 

deser) 

rights 

and^ju 

hobte-i 

the  coi 

lents,! 

Mgeou 

owneo 

Wha 

cause  I 

Pickeri 

ton,  JTi 

OWbOOl 

vi(deiic( 

Tfcci 

wtthsiai 

sistible, 

sonldhs 

f  avei 

that  it  n 

Any  pan 

sofal>  b 

end«avo 

proettrin 

heavily 


Embargo 
nour, 

Iiro 

which  wi 

exasp^rt 

easteni  t 

theiQ  (<afi 

.  The  jtt 

eireumsta 

that le»a 

latedtop 

^  The  rJi 

before  hit 


THBOUYB  BRANCH. 


Ifti 


attention.  MoredTer*  m  An  En^ish  merohant»  interM|» 
were  he.  swayed  by  such  a  eonBioerati»n»  Woald  have  kid 
him  to  advocate  the  orders.  But  ^e  had  too  hig^  aMigafd 
for  the  honour  of  his  country^  to  wieh  it  to  >»  saerlftesd  t/» 
paitigr,  and  sordid  oonrtderAtions  of  interest  '^'  ^  i 

After  the  remlier  has  ^rith  the  deep  Attention  the  sniMi 
deserresy  perused  tlie  shova  eloquent '.  defense  of  Amerieiui 
right9— exposure  ef  our  wrongs — and  appeid  to  the  hononr 
andjuatice  of  Great  Britain*  written  by  a  Idgh-spirited  aiill 
nobte-minded  Bn|^i8liniui>  let  him  poqder  fbr  a  moment  oa 
the  conduct  of  thoqe  Americans  whd  have  devoted  their  ta»- 
lentsy  their  industtry*  and  their  inflnenee  to  defend  the  out- 
rageotts  praeeedings  of  Gmsat  Britain^  and  to  piaee  tieir 
own  eouptnr  in  the  wrong ! 

WliAta  hnmiliatlng  contrast  ^-•Mr.  Baring  pleadilig  the 
cause  of  the  iiljured  United  States  in  Limdon*-'ahd  Mr. 
Picliering  and  hundreds  <rf  other  Americans  pleadiihg  in  Bos- 
ton»  New* York,  Philadelphia  and  elsewhere  against  their 
owb  oounttyy  acid  in  ^defence  of  British  inroads  and  British 
violence,!;  .       '  > 

The  contemplatiott  fills  the  mind  with  astonishmenlk !  JXW 
wtthstending  the  evidence  is  so  fi«lly  before  us,  as.to  be  irre<^ 
8i8tible»  it  is  difficult  to  believe  that  such  an  awful  delusion 
eoidd  have  ever  existed^  aadt«»  each  an  eztravaganit  extent; 

I  aver,  a*  mf  ealnt  and irefleetedopinion  nptm  this polnt» 
that  it  would  be  difficult  pertiaps  impossible,  te  find  iw  history 
any  parallel  uwe.  Enlightened  AmeHean  merehants  wero 
to.fal>  bliiidedby  parl^  and  fiietion,  as  to  use  their  utmost 
endeavours  to  frevent  the  cbvernment  of  their  country  from 
procuring  redress  of  intolwable  grievances  Wluch  bore  so 
heavily  on  themselves! 


dHAFTBlllXXlV. 

Embargo,    SUmtituin  of  Anmean  (kmrntrcti    Fatlkur  dSi 
mour,  Embarg9  a  wtte,  pttUdtnt,  and^ieee»mity  mtaanre,  >  ^ 

I  vow  proceed  to  eonsider  the  subject  of  the  embargo^^ 
which  waj?  one  of  the  most  potent  instruoieata  employed  to 
exaspeiate  and  inflame  tiie  passions  of  the  people  of  the 
eastei^  states,  and  which  ^claally  pt<epafed  a  portion  of 
them  for  open  resistanpe  to  the  government*  . 

The  justice  and  propriety  of  every  meaiure  depend  on  the 
eireumstances  that  accompany  and  Induce  It— the  motives 
that  lefd  to  its  adoption^^-andi  the  consequences  it  is  calcu- 
lated to  lirodiiee.    Let  tt$  apply  these  tests  to  the  embargo. 

The  reader  has  had  the  decrees  and  (urders  in  council  laid 
before  him  in  extenso.    He  has  seen  the  exposition  of  the  in* 


,.^- 


*,  is 


Mf 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


lattice  of  the  latter  by  Mr.  Baring.  Antf  he  has  had  an  op- 
portunity himielf  of  calculating  the  eflfeeta  of  both  decrees 
andordara. 

From  ft  catai  oonaideration  of  these  doeumentSf  and  of  their 
inevitable  operation  on  our  trade»  itis  perfectly  obvioua»  that 
liad'Ottr  yessds  sailed  in  Decembei,  1807t  and  January^ 
Vabruary,  March*  ApviU  and  May*  1808*  as  frceW  as  they 
bad  formerly  done,,  tlijBv  wotdd  hafc  universally  fallen sacrl- 
ttcesj  those  bound  to  France  and  her  dependeincies»  to  Bri- 
tisliM-and  those  bound  for  the  British  dominions*  to  French 
Aruiscn.' 

This  would  have  produced  an  almost  univemal  banl|>ruptcy 
«mong  our  insurance  offices  and  merchants.  The  plunder  of 
our  ships  and  cargoes*  and  the  captivity  of  our  seamen* 
would  have  augmented  the  resources  of  the  belligerents*  and 
enfeebled  ourselves.  The  onl^  real  question  was*  whether 
our  vessels  should  remain  at  our  wharves*  tlie  property  of 
Dur  merchants*  or  be  carried  to  France  kild  England*  the 
|>rey  of  privateers..  But  for  the  embargo*  there  would  have 
been  such  a  calamftous  scene  produced  as  has  rarely  oecur- 
Md  in  any  nation.  We  shaiild  have  suffbred  aU  the  worst 
consequences  of  war*  ^itiraut  ai^  of  its  conipensatory  ad- 
vantagea^  Our  merchants  would  have  once  more  made  « the 
welkin  ring"  with  their  complalnta  of  iiyury— their  eloquent 
appeals,  to  the  law  of  nations-^tteir  datura  for  redress— 
their  reproaches  of  the  government  Ittr  its  eupineneso>«  and 
(heir  solemn*  pledges  of  support.  We  should  have  agftin 
had  to  negociate  in  vain  for  reparation.  And  we  should  have 
been  ultimately  goaded  into  a  war*  after  having  been  defeat- 
ed in  our  endeavours  to  escape  it*  and  depriViSd.  of  the  most 
efficient  means  for  its  prosecution. 

It  has  been  said  that  the  Berlin  decree  not  having  been 
earned  into  operation  against  .American  vessels;  and  our 

Soveriiment  not  having  received  an  authentic  copy  of  the  or- 
ers  in  coniicil ;  therefbre  it  was  not  justified  %n  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  embargo.  Aiid'thus  that  degreeof  irigilance 
and  care  of  the  interests  of  hi^  country  and  of  the  property 
6^  the  merchants*  whieh  entitled  Mr.  JelTerSon  to  a  monu' 
6ient  from  the  ^mercantile  interest*  hJis  been  nii^d^  the 
jiroiindrwork  of  the  most  serious  accusation  h  ' "  ■ ;  <>/\^: 
There  is  no  measure  olT  the  geheria^  g6vei>nmetit  Ci(4^ 
first  orgftnisBf^tion  to  the  presiftnt  hour*  mt^re  strongly  marked 
With  wisdom,  with  foresight,,  and  with  atCentioii  t6  duty* 
than  this  i'eedmmendation.  Tkei^6  Is*  nevertheless*  no  mea- 
sure that  has  generated  moris  factious  or  Senseless  dlamour— - 

.  *  I  had  written  *'  hollow  and  deceptions."    But  I  straok  the  words  out— how  pro- 
Qpriy  the  reader  «W  decide.    1  am  doubtful  myself  ot'  the  corrcetnessof  the  alteration. 


THB  OLITE  BRANCH. 


183 


more  en?enomed  prejadice^-inpre  unblushing  misfepreson- 
tatk»n. 

Th^  atraeio&.K  ease  of  the  Horizon*  which  was  the  first  in- 
stance wherein  the  Berlin  decree  was  carried  into  effect 
against  American  vessels,  had  previously  occurred.  Of  this 
case  Mr.  Armstrong  had  transmitted  an  account  in  a  letter 
dated  Nov.  13, 1807,  of  which  I  have  submitted  a  oopyto  the 
reader.*  This  letter  and  the  documents  accompanying  it, 
established,  beyond  a  possibility  of  doubt,  the  extreme  dan- 
ger^ our  commerce  fh>m  French  depredation,  French  crui- 
sers, and  French  courla. 

Of  the  determination  of  the  British  government  to  meet  the 
Berlin  decree  with  measures  of  equd  vi<dence,  undoubted 
iflformation  had  been  received  by  our  administration  in  prl> 
vate  letters,  and  even  in  the  public  papers.  The  recomttien- 
dation  of  the  embargo  took  place  on  the  18th  of  December, 
1807 :  ftnd  ifj^  on  thai  daf  there  had  been  fnMUhed  in  the  JVb- 
tumal  IiUeUtgeneer  the  JbiUnoing  paragraph  from  a  London 
papert 

XiWubiif  JVoMmoji^  10. 
"  A  prosluMtionjsnow,  wc  andentaad,  in /eadinen  for  hUiniyetty'i  •igmtare, 
ileclarfng  Fmee  and  the  whale  of  hei*  vusul  kingdon»  in  •  ttate  of  liege,  and 
(SypmM^ingiMiMiretunewithher  arthtm  andSllmtrance  tj  ve$iebintf  her  or 
theb\h0^w»iJCy'MXCEPT  Of  SUCH  jSS  HAVE  CLBJIHEfl  LAST 
r/tOM  A  BRlriSMPORT,  EITHER  HOME  OR  FOREIGJV- 

'Thus,  between  the  two  nations,  our  commerce  was  com- 

J lately  cut  MP  by  the  roots.  The  only  part  o(  Europe,  except 
er  own  dominions  and  dependencies,  with  which  6reat 
Britain  allowed  us  to  trade,  was  Swed;'3u.  And  the  Milan 
decree,  by  an  extravagance  of  despotism,  folly,  and  wick- 
etfneici^  never  exceeded  in  the  annaJs  of  piracy  and  rapine^ 
regarded  every  neutral  vessel,  that  had  been  searehed  by  a 
British  cruiser,  as  ipso  facto  denatUmalixei,  and  liable  to  be 
taken,  bound  whence  or  where  she  mights  The  mind  la  lost 
in  astonishment  at  this  ne  jiliff  uUra  of  wickedness,  madness, 
and  rapine.  It  was  punishing  as  criminal,  an  act  perfectly 
innoceni-r-whoUy  unavoidable— and  in  which  the  party  puq- 
islicd  had  been  merely  passive  ! 

Under  these  circumstances,  what  prudent  merchant  would 
send  a  vessel  to  sea— liable  to  capture  whatever  might  be 
her  destination  ?  For  even  if  bound  to  Sweden,  or  any  other 
comer  of  Europe,  (if  any  such  there  were)  not  embraced  in 
the  scope  of  decrees  and  orders  in  council,  she  mi|;ht  be 
searehed  by  an  English  privateer,  and  thus  be  sulgect  t<» 
capture  by  the  next  French  privateer  that  might  overhaul 
lier. 

Wliat  course  had  a  government  to  steer,  which,  bound  to 
watch  over  the  interests  of  its  constituents,  was  sincerely 


I  '  ill 


{•  m 


Lhowpro- 
kiteratiwi- 


'Sw 


i^ 


119. 


IM 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


dispoMd  ti»  pcrrorm  that  duty  faithfully  ?  Let  any  man  not 
trammeled  by  faction  or  inveterate  prejudice,  calmly  conai- 
der  this  queatkin,  and  1  feel  most  perfectly  satisfiedt  he  will 
reply— the  alternative  was»  war  against  both  nation»— or  a 
general  embargo. 

Notwithstanding  this  plain  state  of  the  ease*— notwithstand- 
ing the  imperious  necessity  of  this  measure— there  was*  as 
1  have  stated*  no  act  of  the  federal  government^  since  its 
ftrst  organization,  that  excited  so  much  outcry  or  claowuf. 
It  was  the  subject  of  incessant  abuse  in  all  the  federal  papers 
from  NeW'Hampsbire  to  Georgia,  and  fH»m  the  Mississippi 
to  the  Atlantic.  It  has  been  ten  thousand  times  reiterated, 
that  it  was  unnecessarily  oppressive — that  it  was  wicked  and 
tyrannical— dictated  by  Napoleon— a  sacrifice  of  the  dear- 
est interests  of  the  nation— «nd,  to  cap  the  dimax,  wieonsiU 
tuHonal*  ,  \ 

In  times  of  faction,  the  public  possesses  a  wonderftil  faenlty 
of  swallowing  the  most  monstrous  and  improbable  falsehoods. 
It  was  almost  universally  believed  in  the  Eastern  States,  thaft 
the  embargo  was  tht  result  of  a  combination  between  the  Bowth- 
em  and  Wettern  Stateg,  to  ruin  the  Eastern  !  !  !  -1  have  re- 
peatedly heard  this  assertion  ihade  by  men  otherwise  of 
souml  minds  and  cultivated  under8tanding8,and  whose  veracity 
convinced  me  that  they  did  not  attempt  deception,  but  were 
themselves  dcceired.  This  extravaj^ant  idea  proceeds  upon 
the  miserable  and  fatuitons  supposi^on,  that  the  merchant, 
whose  Tcssels  remain  unemployed  at  the  whurviis,  wHl  in 
consequence  be  ruined ;  but  that  the  agriculturist*  whose 
wheat,  flour,- rice,  cotton,  naval  stores,  «c.  stagnate  on  his 
hiinds,  will  thereby  suffer  no  iiQury,  or  rather  derive  advan- 
tage, although  they  fall  in  value  30, 40,  60,  or  60  per  cent 
Tis  passing  strange ! 

Never  was  there  a  more  factions  or  unfounded  clamour  excit- 
ed.' Never,  I  repeat,  was  a  public  meaijrare  more  loudly  eadled 
Ibr  by  existing  circumstances,  never  one  better  timed,  and 
never  one  that  would  have  produced  more  salutary  conse- 
quences, had  not  faction  deprived  it  of  its  efficacy. 

I  feel  perfectly  satisfied,  titat  with  the  knowledge  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson possessed,  of  the  mighty  dangers  impending  over  our 
commerce,  he  would  have  justly  merited  impeashmentfor  a 
dereliction  of  his  duty,  had  he  not  recommended  an  embargo 
for  its  protection. 

Mr.  Pickering,  was  the  earliest,  the  most  ardent,  and  the 
most  zealous  opponent  of  the  embargo.  After  having  in  vain 
made  every  exertion  in  the  Senate  to  prevent  its  passing,  he 
laboured,  and  unfortunately  with  too  much  success,  to  excite 
a  strenuous  and  seditious  opposition  to  it  in  his  own  statc^  and  in 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


135 


the  other  Eastern  States.  He  wrote  a  long,  elaborate,  and 
impassioned  letter  against  it  to  the  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, in  which  he  endeavoured  to  prove  the  measure  wholly 
nnneeessary-xdictated  by  France— and  adopted  purelv 
through  hostility  to  England,  who,  he  unqualifledty  asserteJi 
<*  had  done  our  commerce  no  essential  injury." 

To  Ibrm  a  correct  idea  of  the  embargo,  it  must  be  consid- 
ered in  two  itoints  of  view,  wholly  distinct— one,  its  original 
enaction— the  other,  its  long  duration.  The  latter  may  have 
been,  aldd  I  believe  was,  an  error.  Rut  1  should  not  hesitate 
at  this  moment  to  submit  the  decision  of  the  question  to  Ch>ver- 
nor  Strong,  Rufus  King,  George  Cabot,  or  James  Lloyd,  jun. 
whether  an  embargo  was  not  an  indispensible  measure,  at  a. 
period  when  all  Europe,  except  Sweden,  was  declared  in  a 
state  of  blockade? 

The  embargo  was  laid  on  the  2Sd  of  December,  1807. 
Mr.  Pickering's  letter  was  dated  Feb.  16, 1808,  when  it  had 
not  been  two  months  in  operation ;  of  course  its  denunciations 
must  have  been  levtlled  against  the  enaction  of  the  law — and 
had  no  reference  whatever  to  its  duration. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  form  a  correct  estimate  of  the  sound- 
ness of  Mr.  Pickering^s  denunciation  of  this  measure,  let  it 
be  observed*  that  at  the  date  of  his  letter,  QJ^MI  and  autlun- 
He  informaHon  had  arrived  in  this  eountrvt  of  the  enforcement  of 
the  Berlin  decree,  and  of  the  enaction  of  the  orders  in  cowiuM, 
and  of  the  JHUan  decree, 

I  ^eem  it  therefore  highly  proper  to  place  Mr.  Pickering's 
declarations  in  contrast  with  each  other — and  likewise  with 
the  real  state  of  affairs.  The  reader  will  then  be  enabled  to 
decide  the  question  correctly  himsielf. 

Let  me  explain  the  four  succeeding  columns.  The  first 
contains  a  statement  of  the  British  depredations  on  Amerfoan 
commerce,  abstracted  from  the  mercantile  memorials  of 
1805-6— the  second,  Mr.  Baring's  statement  of  the  effects  of 
the  orders  in  council — ^the  third,  the  resolution  of  the  Senate, 
Feb.  10, 1806,  on  tohjxh  Mr.Fickering  voted  in  the  (Mrmative, 
and  thejburthf  Mr,  Pickering's  vindication  oJEiiglaWt  Feb,  i6, 
1808. 

The  three  first  paragraphs  of  the  first  column  are  fh>m  the 
Boston  Memorial,  signed  by  James  Lloyd,  George  Cabot, 
&c.  These  gentlemen  are  responsible  for  tiie  truth  or  false- 
hood of  the  allegations,  in  which  the  British  government  is 
almost  in  terms  charged  with  absoluie  piracy:  for,  according 
to  Messrs.  Lloyd  and  Cabot,  and  their  friends,  they  were, 
**mreying  upon  the  unprotected  property  cf  a  Jriendlif  power,** 
which  is  but  a  mild  form  of  expression  for  piracy. 


1™ 


K  Ml 


196 


THE  OUVB  BRANCH. 


MEMORIALS. 


1808. 
MB.  BARING. 


•*  WE  oonfliM  oufMlvra  "  All  trade  4irtt*hffrm» 
to  the  morB  alurming,  lM>  Jinterica  to  every pwt  and 
cuiM  imre  extenaine  dettn-  ceuniry  atvarnflth  Crreai 
time  and  cMufemyutliofM  «f  Britain,  vr  Jrwm  wkieh 
American  vtuelt  by  Chvat  the  Brititk  fag  ii  excht- 
MrHldn,***  ded,  i$  totally  prohiUleU, 

"  New  vetMli,  on  their  Jh  thit  gmeral  prohiii. 
first  pasMge  flt)ia  the  Uni>  tion.  every  part  ofEurope, 
ted  States  to  Buiope,  are  with  the  exc^uhn  at  pre- 
arrested,  carried  out  of  mm  of  Sroeden,  it  inehi^ 
their  ooUTK, and  ii\jurious-  «d:  and  no  dittinetim 
\y  detained  under  the  vex-  whatever  ii  made.hetvteen 
atbua  iiretence  of  a  con-  the  demeelic  produce  of 
tinuity  of  voyage  ftom  the  America,  and  that  tfthe 
ceunlty  or  cokmj  of  a  bel.  toknie;  re-exptrtedjrem 
ligerent'**  thence'** 

**  It  cannot  become  the  "  It  would  probably 
niagnanhnitjrofagreatand  be  no  exagiferation  to 
powerful  nation  #e/)re!yii/»M  •ay,thatiiAiMrAa/'fArM 
the  wiprotfcted  proptrty  tffourtkt  ^  all  the  mer- 
afri^tdty  pmerr' *  chant;  teamant  Uc.  ra- 

"  Having  totally  iup-  gaged  in  commerce  or  no- 
preased  the  external  com-  vigatienin  America,  hene, 
meroe  of  her  enemiea,  at  oametbmtir  other,  auf- 
Qreat  Britem  it  naw  cotm-  fired  from  actt  ^  our 
tilled  to  aptropriate  to  her-  crtdtertt  which  to  them 
telfthatofhirJrten4b.*'\    have    appeared   uiyuat, 

**  Thia  novel  principle  and  which  ftcqueatly 
gpmttonothinf^thortqfthe  musthMrebecmso.  Tkeg 
ontruction  of^neutral  com-  read,  it  it  true,  tf  the 
merceV  t  pomer  of  France.    BUT 

"  Every  tail  it  ttretehed  THEY   PEEL   BVKBT 
to  ceileet  the  unwary  Ameri-  DAY  THAT  OF  BRIT- 
C(m«,  who  are  tmtutpectiiighi  AIN."  f 
conjl^ngin  what  watthe law      "  By   attempting   to 
tlf  nafient,**  ^  conBne    t^e    European 

'*'Ourireaaelaandeficcts,  trad*  of  America  to 
toaUrgeamountfhavelate-  Great  Bntaint  and  by 
ly  beat  captared  by  her  the  avowal  of  an  inten- 
cororoistioned  cruisers,  up-  tion  to  tax  that  trade  en 
on  Ums  ifNindetion  of  new  iMr  pottage  to  the  conti' 
principles,  wddenhr  invent- 
ed."S 

"  I%e  iwivd  of  her  dis- 
caided  rule  was  dkaracter- 
ixed  with  tuch  dreumitancet 

0/  iniqp/ity  and  vieienm  as  on  ttampt,  or  on  ettttn. 
rather  to  heighten  by  the  Thi«  question  has  h^en 
contraat  the  veneration  of  aUceadv  the  subject  of  a 
mankind  fbrthe  pnut  ius-  loingmd  Moody  war;  and 


Mr.  Picker- 
ing's scnti- 
menta,  Feb. 
10, 1808. 

*  The  cap. 
ture  and  con- 
demnation 
under  orders 
of  the  British 
government, 
andadjudlea> 
tions  of  their 
courts  of  ad- 
miralty, of  A- 
meriean  ves- 
sels and  their 
cargoes,  on 
the  pretext  of 
their  being 
empkmd.  in 
a  trw  with 
the  enemies 
of  Great  Bri- 
tain, prohibit- 
ed in  time  of 
peace,  is  «• 
unprrooked 
aggretiioH 
i^on  tAe  pr»- 
fer^  tif  ike 
citixent  otthe 
United  Auee 
—a  nMatien 
^  their  fMw- 
tral  rightt — 
and  an  m- 
eroathment 
t^onthtlrna' 
tiiiial  inde- 
pendency.*'* 


Bfr.  Pick- 
ering's 
senti- 
ments^ 
Feb.  18, 
1808. 

«« These 
ftcts  de- 
monstrate, 
that  al- 
thoui^ 

srt 

thousand 
ships     of 
war,oould 
have    de- 
stroyed 
our  com- 
meiceb 
9HPIIA8 
REALtY 
DONE  IT 
MO     B8- 
BENTIAl. 
INJU. 
BY.*» 


MBattrffiiaB 

Qm  tUMB  of 
SEN.tO   hi* 

^% 

OrallrtaeMiU 
naiB,  t^nA 
F«bitOJ*0t. 


nent,  we  are  returning  to 
tkoae  pnneiplet,  to  ifMieh, 
even  at  a  Cflotu,  the  would 
not  lubndt.  It  it  immate- 
rial, whether  it  be  a  tax 


9  KtftMnn 
■med  tebytho 
SSUteortkeV. 

loa, 


ticeof  hertribumda."! 


J  Ifef  y«*  meiporud, 
iBaltuBOK««aMn«V 


it  canliafdl^  be  aimpoaed 
that  Anierica  tf  ill  now 
subknit  tp  a  diri^t  attack 
on  her  sovereign  And  in- 
dependent rights.**  t 


*  Qaring'!  E»uiiiiatioBp.l9> 
t  Idem,  p.  74. 
}  Idem,  p.7S, 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


Mf 


It  it  ikK  for  nt,  to  roeoneile  Mr.  Piekf  ring's  tentinMitA* 
to  each  other—nor  to  the  teAor  of  the  Menioriftl»^iior  to  Mr. 
Buing'o  correct  view  of  the  ordom  in  eouncil.  Let  it  bo  ob- 
Herredy  let  it  never  be  for«otten»  that  the  <«  wnfnmkU  tg- 
greuiom**  of  1806»  remained  unredressed  at  the  date  of  the 
fetter  to  Governor  9ullivanf  February*  1908.  And  further  to 
this  «  unprcntM  agfreuiofn**  of  1800,  the  orders  in  coaneil 
had  been  added  in  1807»  which  more  than  quintupled  the 
qricinf  1  outra|[e.  But  even  independent  of  this  extrava|;tipt 
adtution,  it  js  out  of  my  powert  by  all  the  rulea  of  lone  at 
ny  command,  to  sttiaiy  my  mind  how  « the  eapktn  m2  cmu 
demnaiim  of  mur  veMe<«*'->under  false  '*  prekaoU,**  ind»  as 
appears  by  the  memorials  of  the  merchants,  to  9  most  ejior- 
inotts  iimounW«  the  unprarodked  aggre^tUm  itpon  the  proferty 
^oitr  dHMfif"— the  «TMlaliono^ourii<iilrii  rtifAfi^'^and 
« U^$  tneroMhmeni  upon  imr  nanoniU  indeptndene^  can  be 
made  to  luscord  with  the  broad,  the  sweeping,  the  un(|V9lifled 
as9ertiop  th»i  Great  Britain  h(Mi  **  rtouff  am  ovr  (ommrcc 
lio  esHtUiid  ifyury.** 

To  be  serious.  The  subject  reauires  seriousness  und  so- 
briety. Is  not  this  a  most  astonlsnfng  and  never-enough-to- 
be-lamented  instance  of  the  horrible  delusion  in  which  strong 
party  passions  iwyoWe  those  who  submit  to  their  guidanee  r 
Can  light  and  darknesa-— vice  and  virtao-Hwra|»s  and  de- 
moiMh*rbe  romre  opposite  to  each  other  than'these  assertims 
are  2  Would  it  nat  have  been  a  most  awful  inconsistency  bad 
they  bolb  been  ootemporaiieou8-.-had  the  st^  of  atairf,  at 
the  pasiad  of  mali^ing  tiie  second,  been  exactly  what  it  was  at 
the  pcpiad  of  making  the  first  ?  But  wlmt  an  immense  agnra- 
vMiin  iins  this  inconsistency  receive  from  the  consideration, 
that  ^  Feb.  1808,  Uie  first  grievanecs  had  been  unredress- 
ed,  and  otbent,  aa  I  have  stated,  iaeonparal^  more  iiltoler- 
aUe,  bean  added  ?  The  orders  in  eouncil  were,  in  outrage, 
mid  iqjualiae,  apdin&aetion  «f  our  rights  of  sovereignty,  as 
far  beyond  the  cnlhrcement  of  the  n^  of  irse,  which  was 
the  ground  of  oomplaint  in  1808,  u  wanton  murder  is  be- 
yond wove  apsanll  a|id  battery. 

Never  was  I  more  deceived  in  my  life,  than  I  am  at  this 
moment^  if  every  candid,  unbiassed  reader  do  not  agree  with 
me,  tlidt  the  opfOflitioi  to  the  operation  of  the  embargo,  was 
factious,  disorganizing,  absurd,  and  impolitic  in  the  extreme ; 
and  that  those  who  rendered  the  law  nugatory  and  un- 
availing have  a  high  crime  to  answer  for  to  their  injured 
country. 

*  Some  of  the  finendi  of  Mr.  Pickering,  in  order  to  dettrajr  the  effect  of  the 
inoonaistency  of  these  aentiinent%  have  asserted  that  he  did  not  make  the  de< 
claration  that  "  England  had  done  our  commerce  no  essential  injiuy."  I  dai« 
Mr.  Pickeriiw  thus  publicly  and  explicitly  in  the  fiiee  of  this  nation  to  deny  it 
himself.  I  pledge  myrelf  to  prove  it  incontrovertibly.  But  he  never  will  ^we 
a  denial. 


1 


UB 


THE  OLIVE  BRAKCH.   , 


To  aTDid  the  pressure  of  the  emb«rgo»  and  to  h<dd  o«t  in« 
diHieiiients  to  our  citizens  to  violate  it,  and  to  leave  ptMrt  elan- 
destinely,  •the  following  most  extraordinar^r  order  in  coaneil 
was  published  by  the  British  gbveninient. 

GEOiteis  Rf 

JiutnicHons  ta  the  ahnmander*'^  mriihipt  qfiotr  andpriva* 
Uers.,  Given  at  itur  court  at  WindMr,  the  ±tth  day  of  J^prii, 
1808,  tn  the  Mth  year  offtr  reign, 

OqrwiU  iumI  pleafore  is.  thM  yrou  do  not  .inteirapt  iilf  Matnl  vetwl 
laden  vhh  lumber  and  proviaiont^  and  going  to  «ny  of  onr  coloniea,  itiandt, 
or  wttlenMntt  in  the  West-fatdust  or  Soutli  America,  to  wtamieesar  ibe 
pnper^  mdf  tippear  to  belong,  and  natwithttemcUiig  tuei  ^euel  mof  nat  bme 
rtgiUar  elatwanca  and doeumtnU  on  board li!  And  incase  any  vessel  shall 
be  met  with,  and  being  on  her  due  conne  to  this  alleged  portof  desUh^tion^, 
an  endorsement  shall  be  made  on  one  or  more  of  the  principal  papers  of 
such  vessel,  specifying  Ihe  destination  alleged,' and  the  placie  where  the 
vessel  WM  so.vinted.  And  in  case  any^  vessel  so  laden  shall  arnve  and  de> 
livtfr  her  cargo  at  any  of  our  colonics,  islands,  or  aettlements  aforesaid, 
such  vessel  a^tdl  be  permitted  tp  Mceive  her  freight,  and  to  depart,,  either 
in  balbst.  or  with  any  goods  that  may  be  legdly  exported  in  such  vessel, 
and  to  proceed  to  any  unblockaded  pert ;  notwithstanding,the  present  hos* 
tilities.  or  any  future  hostilities  which  may  take  place.  Jtmi  a  poHportfor 
muhvettelmaifbeffpantadtothevetael  Im  tksgiuenurt  or  other pertonp  htamgt^e 
chkfci%>Ucotmnanatftuchcolortjf,uIana,or»ettkmeta.' 

G.R. 

This  astonishing  doeument  demands  the  most  particular 
and  pointed  attention.— ^The  ministers  who  prostituted  the 
name  of  their  sovereign  hy  subscribing  it  to  sueh  an  instru- 
ment>  merit  and  must  receive  the  reprobation  of  every  liigh- 
minded  Englishman*  who  feels  for  the  honour  or  dignity  of 
Ibis  native  country.:  The  world  has  never  seen  such  another 
instrument  And  I  httpe  there  trill  never  be  another  instance 
of  the  kind.  I  beUeve  that  this  order  alone  was  adequate 
cause  of  war.  '^This  at  least  is  certain,  that  many  wars  have 
been  declared  upon  infinitely  less  provocation.  What !  one 
of  the  most  potent  monarchal  in  the  world,  rather  than  do  jus« 
tiee  to  ail  unoffending  nation,  on  Which  for  fourteen  years, 
bis  ministers  had  perpetrate^  the  most  flagrant  outrages,  ita- 
vites,  and  tempts,  and  affords  facilities  to  its  citisens,  to  vio- 
late the  laws  of  their  country,  and  openly  pursue  the  infainous 
trade  of  smuggling!  v:A^rlH( 

The  sulyect  affbrds  an  ample  field  for,  and  invites  to,  co- 
pious, comments.  But  I  forbear.  I  leave  it  to  the  ealm  ton* 
sideration  of  the  candid  reader. 


.l%if5w:'S. 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


'1S9 


CJHAPTEBXXT. 

Enipiiryinio  the  CumHMitnuUitif  t^the  Jktjfw  m/oreing  iht 
.    Embargo,    Compared  with  actt  passed,  dnting  the  premen- 
cyqfOen,  Washing^  and  John  AdavM.    JVbt  torigorouf, 
.    Factiom  clamour,    LameiUahUpvhtie  dHuMum, 

Tips  otrigifial  embargo  aet  had  been  openly  and  flarrantly 
violated.  The  public  pri^tsjn  Boston  had  audaciottgily  ftnd 
sejditiously  invited  the  citizens  to  set  it  at  defiance.  The 
British  government  had  also*  as  we  have  seen»  added  the  al- 
iurement  of  its  powerful  invitation.  Sueh  an  invitation  was 
unnecessary.  There  are.  always  to.be  found  in  every  com- 
munity* men  who  will  seek  the  shortest  road  to  fortnne»  wheth- 
er through  the  dark  paths  of  smuggling*  or  otherwise.  And 
these  men  united  their  obstreperous  brawlings,  with  the 
elaipour  raised  by  those  '^hose  grand  object  was  to  harass 
the  government*  for  the  chance  of  regaining  the  power  they 
had  Tost.  Thus  was  removed  from  tiie  crime  of  smuggling, 
the  odium  it  deserved*  and  transfierred  to  an  act  calculated 
to  preserve  the  property  of  the  merchants  Arom  belligerent 
depredation ;  an  act*  be  it  never  forgotten*  whicli  was  the 
mUdest  mode  of  procuring  that  redress  for  which  the  mer« 
cantile  pari  of  the  community  had  so  lOndly  clamoured— and 
in  the  pursuit  of  which*  they  had  so  solemnly  pledged  them- 
selves to  support  the  government ! ! ! 

To  prevent  these  evasions*  an  act  was  passed  to  enfoi'ce 
the  embargo.  This  was, necessarily  more  strict  and  severe 
in  its  provisions  than  the  original  act.  Meetings  were  held 
in  various  parts  of  the  United  States*  denouncing  the  latter 
as  oppressive  and  unconstitutional.  A  very  numerous  and 
respectable  one  was  held  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia*  atten- 
ded by  a  large  propoitionof  the  merchants*  and  a  great  num- 
ber of  other  citizens.  Of  thiis  meeting  Commodore  Troxtun 
was  chairmai^.  Sundry  resolutions  were  passed*  which  em- 
braced the  essence  of  all  the  objections  raised  Against  it 
throughout  the  union.  I  shall  assume  these  resolutions  as  a 
text  to  reason  upon*  and  shall  endeavour  to  refute  the  ob- 
jections. 

During  the  administration  of  General  Washington*  an  em- 
bargo act  had  been  passed  by  Congress.  And  during  his  ad- 
ministration* and  that  of  Mr.  Ad^ms*  various  other  acts  had 
been  passed  embracing  prohibitory  and  penal  clauses  of  a 
tenor  similar  to  those  of  the  embargo  law.  No  federalist  will 
pretend  that  nny  of  those  arts  were  unconstitutional.  Some 
of  their  clauses  were  far  more  exceptionable  than  those  of 
of  Mr.  Jefferson's  embargo  act.  If*  therefore*  the  latter 
contain  no  provision  whatever*  which  is  nut  substantially  to 


MO 


THti  OLfYB  BUkKCH. 


be  found  in  those  passed  during  the  administration  of  the  two 
first  presidents,  Ipresutfte  thait  there  U  fiot  a  candid  federal- 
ist in  tira  iinio*  who  win  hesitate  to  adntti,  tlttit  tlve  oIan»ilr 
i^Bst  the  fonner*  as  uneonstitational,  was  truljr  **  f^otious) 
diforganisingf  sedilious»  and  jaeoUniead.*' 

The  9thy  lOtb  a«d  11th  sections  were  the  most  rigorous, 
the  most  4>bnoxious ;  and,  of  coiirse,  were  selected  by  the 
IPMtadelphia  oleeting,  as  propier  subjects  for  denunciation.  I 
iffifidl  therefore  flririy  collate  theih  with  the  c6rresponding 
^eetionsef  the  former  embargo  aildf  othef*  acts,  passed  dUring 
the  i^tgtt  of  foderafism,  to  ettabte  the  reader  to  form  his 
itipfniftal: 

tUatedbigt  if  the  MiMng  o/ihe  CltizetuofPhiladdpUa,  Conmodore  Tntxiun  in 

the  Cmr. 

igrei%  e(mmanl7Mllcd**fhe 

imed  priiHvplet  of  ehril  liberty, 

ud  Kvere  to  ■  ik^ree 

•TO 


c  JlrttlWtf,  TIktt  #««o!iiMer  Oe  bte  a«t  d  Goh{ 
«kfbNinjf  kw,"  to  be  «di(e«t  invMiaB  of  the  cttaUii 


and  of  the  exprett  proviiioni  of  the  aoattitntloo  {  MarbiUinr  ud  Kvere  to  ■  d<»|K( 
'  MneeeMuy.  eren  to  ae«omplWith«  otjeou  l(ir  which  the  W  ii  tnofened  ta  nm 
hum  e—ttadt  m eiwaiiig  ui  enonnoas  and  dangeniQi  anjpnentatioii  of exeemiTO  in' 
Suewte  aod  power :  and  u  luiMseaiarily  ezpoHDg  the  citizen  to  die  miteriet  of  eivH 
'diMsoM  and  ittiliUiry  eteeutiob. 

**  JVNfaai^  That  the  Mfi  i^etiaa  of  thitaet,  whieh  Mthorhek  ■  minitterial  oiBeer. 
vithovt  j^roMW  >/toim,  urieize  good*  at  hit  dlieretion,  under  a  preteaoe  that  he  be- 
•nw«  they  are  itivended  for  exportatian,  or  abparenthi  on  the  way  toe  the  territoriei 
of  a  fbretgn  j^ower,  ii,*  in  our  opihion,  a  breaob  of  the  tourdi  article  o^the  ameiidMenf  a 
.  to  the  •onautution,  which  prpvidea,  "that  the  r^t  of  tlie  people  to  beaecure  in  theii- 
perwns,  l)oawt.jpaper«.  and  effeeti,  agttnat  unreaionable  atevhea  and  toizores,  ah«H 
aide  be  violatedrSadof  the  Sdf  ardeie  of  the  anuendmenta,  n^hieh  deitlal^  <*  that  to 
nan  4taft  be  deprived  of  li%  Hberly,  or  propertjrlMit  by  do*  praaeaa  of  thw.** 

.  Signed  bytWAaHiNSTotr  attd  AttANt. 

1.  *  That  every  otdteetof,  naval  officer,  and  iiii> 

*  veyor,  or  aMcf  AMwan  eipeekJbf  apMiUtd  iy 

*  either  ef  them  for  that  porpoa*,  ihalt  have  fiifl 

*  power  and  authority  to  enter  tui^  ihip  «r  veueit 

*  In  whieh  they  Aalf  A(r»  fetum  le  a^tVEOT  aiqr 

*  goo(ls4  wnres  or  marclMiodiw  aalgeet  to  duty 

*  ahall  be  ooneealed,  and  therein  to  search  for, 

*  srize,  and  aecnre  any  Mdi  gpods«  ware^  and 

*  merchandize,*  kc— See  act  MStat  My.  1789, 
aeet.  24.    Act  of  4th  Augnit,  179(^  aeot  4S. 

*  That  it  ahall  be  the  duty  of  Uie  aeveral  olSoers 

*  of  the  cttitoma  tonake  ansure  of  and  leeureany 
*«hip  or  Tesiei,  goodt^  warea  or  meroiuuMlize 
'  which  shall  be  liable  to  seizure  by  virtue  of  this 

*  act,  0*  xoei  witfmtt,  m  mthht  their  retpeolne 
<  dlufricte.'— See  sect.  36  and  SO  of  the  wune  act- 
See  alsq,  act  of  the  Sd  March,  1799,  aect  68, 70. 

*  That  it  shall  be  lawfhl  for  any  oiReer  of  the 

*  revenue,  to  go  on  board  of  any'sUp  or  vessel, 
'  whether  she  shall  be  withm,  or  witnout  his  dis- 
'  trici,  and  the  same  to  inspect,  search,  and  exa- 

*  minei  and  if  it  riiall  aMmr,  that  any  breach  of 
'  the  Uws  of  the  United  States,  haa  been  commit- 
'  ted,  Stc.  to  muke  seizure  of  Uie  same.'— See  act 

*  of  ISth  Febroait,  1793,  sect  S7. 
'  That  8ny  of  the  aforesaid  urtielea  (arms  and 

*  ammunition)  excepting  nich  of  them  as  may  con- 

*  atitate  a  part  of  ihi  equij^nioit  of  any  veiKl> 


•ENFORCING  LAW,* 
Slyied  by  Jarr»BSOM. 

f.  '  Thar  the  eoDeetoi*  of  tUl 
;*  dw  dfaUJCia  of  the  U.  Statea, 
',  *.shaU  be,i  ami  they  ace  hereby 

*  authorized,  to  take  mto  thetr 
''*  MsiM^  spe«le>  or  any  articles 
.  *  of  domewe  gMwth,  prodttoe, 

*  or  manufacture,  ybtimf  on  board 
*of<utg  M^  trveuet,  beta,  or 
■  *  o/Aer  water  en^flt,  when  diere 
*isrpaam  ta  bdieve  that  they 
'are  intendtd ftar  e^tidrtatlbn  : 

2.  *  Ov  wlten  ia  veatels,  carts, 
1  wagpons^  cloighs,  or  aiqr  other 

.*cain»ge;   or  in  atijf   mmmer 

Is  the  territorjr  of  a  foreign 
'  nation,  or  the  vicinity  thereof, 
'*0rtow«nNa  place  where  such 
'article*  -^-e hitcaded  to  beex- 
'ported; 

3.  '  And  not  to  permit  such 
.  *  artielea  to  be  removed,  until 

'  bond  with   auffleient  sureties 

*  shall  have  been  aiven  for  the 

*  laadhig,  or  the  defivery  of  the 

*  same  n  same  phm  of  the  U' 
^  nited   States,    where,  in  the 

*  opinioaof  the  collector,  there 


'Tift  (KTVK  BFLaHCH. 


Hi 


•ritan  not  be   Wf  dlm|^  of  'vUtbiififf 

'  iiMh  Mti^fl  bdnC' 0XMit«k' 

LawiU.  StMHiu,  vol.  IX,  p«e 
iVt,  ieet.  «i  of  iHe  Mt  to  tnioite 
the  cmtaiia    .       - 


h|  faniid  011  boMd^Aojr  vpnd  in  aigr  rivwi 


Ott  Hut^  *  Enforcing 
Law*       ■^^■ 

«.  «  Ministerial 
officers  are  autlittris- 
ed  to  act  without  pro- 
cess of  la^.  ■  V " 

3.  <*Miiii8teriBl  of- 
ficers may  take  goods 
into  their,  custody 
found  oil  board  of  any 
ship  or  vessel. 


s.<<  Ministerial  of. 
iieers)  without  pro- 
cessy  may  seize  goods 
on  board  of  any  ves- 
iiel,  when  there  is 
noMn  to  heli^e,  that 
they  are  intended  for 
exportation. 


*iMrt(  Imjh  orMriNwr,  wftMn  the  toritonr  oft 

<  VdfMl  Bbtcii.  utiH  an  totem  «  ht  fa^mi^ 

'■lum  be  forfiiited.'  ato.>4ee'e8t  oir^lfM-! 
17%n«ta  ^' 

'Tliet  en  goMi,  fl«i%  nd  tneniiMkitil 
'brtMight  into  the  U.  Stolflii  fy  (Iafu4  cflnftniyt^ 
'  thia  Mt«  riiall  be  fbrftitedf  tofeiliMr  with  ^ 

*  tarrimtf  hart^  and  em^  tfiit  nidi  leem* 

*  plo)r«a  in  Mrrjring  th^  viie.^\  prorided  nathiM 

*  herein  than  be  eomtraed  to  eiltffid  to  houHMM 

*  Airqitiire  and  «IolhiB^  bdomjinf^  nny  penob, 
*oi^denon%  netualiy  eondngntoi^.lMBtaf  the 

*  United  Stately  fiu*  the  poinoie  of  bewnnhMt  aa 

*  inhabitant,  or  iahabitanU  tboMt''— See  n«t  # 
•4tbAi|B!Ut,l790,(»ct70.  ^ 

*  ThiAtt  ^U  br  lawful  far  tiw  IVMUhrt  of  tbt 
'United  States,  to  nve  iniftraetionii  to  we  earn- 

*  niander*  of  the  pubD*  aHnea  Mpaef  fbB  Udiitdl 

*  Statea  to  itop  aisd  examfaM  tmf  thiper  veaivl  of 

*  the  United  Statea  on  the  q%h  aeu,  wfiieh  ihere 
*mmbe  reman  to  eiupeet  tolMengliged  iniiqr 

*  trafflo  or  coinunerce'eoatnul'r  to  tiw  true  teno» 

<  hereof,  ko.'— AKt  of  9th  Fetouary,  1799,  aeet,  5. 

REMARKS 

finthe  Treeedenta. 

1.  «  Ministerial  oiteers  are  author- 
ised to  act  without  j^rocess  of  law. 

•2.  «  Mihlstei^lil  officers*  or  oihir 
persong^  specially  appointed  by  them, 
may  enter  any  ship  air  vessel*  and 
seize  the  "j^oods  on  board,  a$  /^eU 
withont,  0$  within  their  respective  die- 
triets :  and  commanders  of  public  ves- 
sels may  seize  ships  oiu  the  high  seas» 
hound  to,or  sailing  towards  any  inter- 
dicted French  port*  there  being  rea- 
son to  suspect  an  illicit  traffic. 

S.  «  Ministerial  officers*  or  any 
person  apwAnted  by  them,  may  enter 
any  vessel*  in  wliich  they  have  reawn 
to  suspect  goods  subject  to  duty  are 
concealed*  &c.  And  if  it  shall  amear 
to  thtm,  that  any  breach  of  the  laws 
is  committed ;  or*  Tin  the  case  of  arms 
and  ammunition)  that  there  was  an 
intent  to  export,  they  may  make  seiz- 
ures. 


11;  Mm 

4m 


:t 


ill 


I 


iU 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


4.  •<  MinisteriiU  offieerSf  without 
procesBf  may  leice  f(oods  appaventlj 
on  their  wigr  to  ha  imported  hy  liind ; 
and  vessels  apparently  on  their  way 
tDwuil9  a  French  port,  may  be  ceized 
by  military  officers* 


S.  «  The  seixure  is  extendei^  to 
goo<ls»  &c.  found  on  board  of  vesinlSf 
or  apparently  on  their  M'ay  to  be  iiu<« 
ported  by  land*  and  to  vessels  on  the 
liigkaeas.  There  is  no  power  given 
to  a  mimioipal  officer  to  enter  houseib 
withoi;|t  process.'* 


4. «  Ministerial  of- 
Jloersy  without  pro- 
cess* may  detain, 
Mods  apparently  on 
tneir  wifcy  to  be  ex- 
ported* till  security 
IB  riven,  that  they 
shall  not  be  export- 
edt  ;■   , 

5.«The  power  of 

Eire  ^sconAnedto 
Sj.  dec.  found  on 
d  of  vessels*  or 
apparently  4#  their 
way  to  be  exported. 
There  is  ho  powo** 
given  to  any  ministe- 
rial officer  to  enter  ' 
any  house  without 
process."  '       , 

Commodore  Truxlun''s  Third  Besolution* 

''MttUved,  That  the  tenth  wothm  U  oohtruy  to  theipirit  oftbeeoutiltilioii* 
inMiuuoh  M  it  vnti  in  the  preiklent « legiibtive  nathoriqr  by  giviDg  to  hi*  iiistMi6« 
lionit  hi  oeittin  oMet,  the  loree  of  tew." 

•  EKFORCING  LAW.*  PRECEDENTS,  &c 

.  .  Unikr  IVat/atigten  and  ^dam, 

'  That  the  President  of  the  United  States 

*  be,  and  he  hereby  It  authorited  and  erapow- 

*  ered,  <ulMnever  in  Ai«  opinion  theputlie  itjftty 

*  simlito  regturf,  (C)-  TO  LAY  AN  EMBAR« 

*  GO  on  all  iHipt  and  veueU  in  the  ports  of 

*  the  United  States,  or  the  ships  and  vessels  of 

*  any  foreign  nation,  (j;^  under  lueh  regulation* 
'  at  the  eircumttancea  of  the  ca*e  maj>  require, 

*  and  to  continu«  or  revoke  the  same,  when* 
'  ever  he  shall  think  proper.  QC^  And    tub 

'  PABSISSNT  IS  HEREBY  FULLY  AUTHORlZaO 

<  TO    OIVB  ALL  SVCH    ORSBBS  TQ  THB    Ottt' 

*  CBBS   or  THB    OMITBS    STATBS    AS  MA,V  BB 

*  MEOBSSARY  TO  CARRY  TUB  SAME  INTO  TVLL 

*  BrrBOT.*— See  act  of  4th  Jnne,  1794,  sect  1. 
•  That  an  embargo  be  laid  on  all  ships  and 

*  vessels  in  the  pons  of  tkie  United  States, 

*  whether  already  clear^  out  or  not,  bound  to 

<  any  foreign  pert  or  place,  except  ships  or 

<  vessels  under  the  immediate  directions  rf  the 

<  president  of  the  United  States.    And  that 

•the     PRBSIDBNT    OF    THB  UMITBB  STATBS 

*  BB   AVTUORtZBD    TO    OIVB    SUCH    IMSTHUO* 

*  TIONS   TO  TUB  RBVBMUB  omOBBS  Ot  TUB 
*VMTaS  STATBS,    AS  SHALL    APFBAB    BIST 


*  The  pcmertgivfn  to  the 

*  co).leci«>rs,  either  by  thi* 

*  -It  any  other  act.  respect- 

*  ing  the  embargo,  to  re. 

*  fuse   permission   vo  put 

*  any  cargo  on  board  any 

*  vessel,  boat  or  other  wa« 

*  ter  craft;  to  detain  any 

*  vessel,  or  to  take  into 
« their  custody  any  articles 

*  for  the  purpose  of  pre* 

*  venting  violations  of  the 

*  embargo,  *baU  he  ester- 

*  cited  in  eonformity  "Jtitb 
'  tueb  itutructiont,  at  tie 
'  Preti/knt  may  give,   and 

*  tueb  general  rulet  at-  be 

*  mofpretariksfor  tbatpw- 

'  fOte,    MADIi    IN    PURSU- 

*  AKCB    OF    TUB    POWERS 

'  AFOftBSAiU(  which    in* 

*  siructions  and  general 
'  rules,  the  collectors  shall 
'be  bound  to  obey.'— 
Ittem,  section  IC. 


^ 


tUb  bttVB'iliAMiCH 


1^ 


(M  *The  Mnjbrcing 
Law,* 
1.  «  There  is  no 
legiUative  power  giv- 
en to  the  president. 
The  constitution  de« 
Clares  that  he  shall 
see  the  laws  faithful- 
ly executed.  Hisin- 
struetions  are  to  be 
given  b  order  to  ex- 
eeute  the  law,  not  to 
make  it ;  and  the  in- 
titructions  must  be  in 


«  AOArTBV  FOR  CASRYIKO  THS  •AtD  SBiaXV* 

*  Tio*  mro  voLit  itraeT«'~Rnolv«  of  iHe 

*  SMi  MMCh»  ir»3. 

•  thftt  th«j»Mfld«nt  of  111*  Uiritod  gtatm  bey 
.  •  tfid  b«  it  limbx  ftothoriscdt  19  tttrtet  thtttnt* 

*  1VU  effieert,  and  $he  ojfetr;   comnumding  jmt 

*  Wd  mnmb  euttirtt  to  aid  in  tlie  cxecatlen  of 
'  tht  heattb  lam»  i^  iht  itatett  rtspcetivoly,  in 

*  tueh  manner  at  may  apftar  M  timneentary''^ 
'Actof  artli  May  17^. 

•  Tiiat  it  thall  be  lawful  for  tbe  president  of 

*  tbe  United  Statei.  if  be  ibell  deem  it  esped^ 

*  ent  and  continent  with  the  interett  or.  the 

*  United  Statei,  fy  Ai>  «rder,  to  remit  and  die* 
<  c6n,tinue,  for  the  time  being,  tl|C  reitiraintt  and 

*  prohibltiont  aforeiMd.  eiuer  with  retpeet  to 

*  the  French  Reputdie,  or  to  anjr  iiiand,  fco. 
■•with  which  a  cemmcreial  intcrcoiirte  may  be 

*  safely  rencwedt  and  alsoi  tornoie  mub  onkrtt 
'  whenevert  in  hit  opinion*  the  interest  of  the 
'United  States  shall  so  rcquiris.'— Act  of  9th 
February,  1799,  sect.  4. 

•  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  president  ef 

*  the  United  States  at  any  tine  during  the  cooo 

*  tinaance  of  this  act,  to  ordtr  all  such  aliens,  a« 

*  he  ihaU  judge  dangerous  to  the  peace  and  safety 

*  of  th4  IJnited  States,  or  shall  have  reaHmabie 
'  ground  to  tvtpeet,  as  concerned  in  any  treason> 

*  able  or  secret  machinations  against  the  go- 

*  vemment  thereof,  to  depart  out  ot  the  tcrnto- 

*  riel  of  the  United  States*  within  sneh  tiroes  as 

*  shall  be  expresksd  in  such  oider.'  Act  of  June 
SS,  179R,  sect.  1. 

'  And  all  marsh»!s  and  other,  officers  of  the 
'  United  States,  are  required  to  execute  all  nie« 

*  cepts  and  orders  of  tbe  president  of  the  Unf- 
'  ted  States,  issued  in  pursuance  or  by  virtue  of 

*  thisact.'  Idem,  sect.  4. 

On  the  Pneedent8, 

1.  «  The  president  is  empowered! 
ftj*  TO  LAY,  AND  TO  REVOKE 
EMBARGOES.  His  discretion  in 
esttblishing|  regulations,  is  only  liln- 
ited  « to  suitsB  08  the  circumttanee»  of 
the  eaee  may  require;**  while  his  or* 
der*  might  be  directed  to,  and  mast 
be  obeyed  by^  all  officers  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  dvk  and  military,  he  being 
constituted  the  sole  judge  of  what  or- 
ders were  necessary,  to  carry  an 
embargo  into  effect ! 


'  w 

11 JH 

1 

"'ill 

1 

>  H 
,*  3 

I'-'ufr 

H 

11 

i 


Ui 


TUB  OUVB  WMSSCH. 


imnuaneeofiAcjMW-  t.  «Tbe  pretident's  in»tructioH$ 
<ff  «xpr«MlygrMitAd  to  millterjr  Md  elvU  ofHoera*  are  alio 
to  the  eolleotors  by  Absokilte*  withdat  any  llmitRtion  by 
the  Uw.*'  Iaw>  or  ony  imc  of  eivu  proeeBs,  to  aid 

in  execution  of  State  MmUh  Lnw* ; 

to  enforoe  tht  wm-inttrcmtrm  Zatot 

against  France ;  nnd  to  taepA  olitiM 

mwn  the  country.** 

OornmoAon  Tmxiw(?$fowth  MttdaHw* 

**  MtMl^id,  That  the  citventh  iMtioit  of  th«  act  violate*  a  pelltlci.  and 
••  eWU  right,  moreaae?ed  than  any  conitltation,  in  authorising  the  mliitarx 
*•  to  firci  upon  the  people,  without  the  tanetion  oi*  interposition  of  the  civil 
•«  authority,  The  principle  contained  in  thia  lectiont  if  much  further  ex> 
4*  tendod,  mighti  with  competent  k'orce,  convert  our  government  Into  an 
*•  abaelute  desDOtiam.'* 


«bael«te  despotiam.' 
«BNFOBCINOL\W.' 

•ItdMllbe  Uwliil  fhrUie 


of    the    Uoited 

*  Btatat,  «r  «mA  tthir  pmttn 

*  <H  Ae  thatt  have  empomn:! 
*fit  that  pmpi6t  to  employ 
*Mmh  part  of  the  laao  or 

*  naral  finrooK  or  militia  of 

*  the  United  Statev  or  of  the 

*  territorie*  tbereort  a*  may 

*  b»  ^M^wf   tucmarjf,    in 

*  oonranntty  with  the  provi> 

*  lioDt  of  thii  and  other  atto 
'  reipeeting  the  embargOt  for 

*  the  purpMe  of  fiiwenHnff 

*<Ai^orve«el»  orof  Uttahi' 

'  and  kt^tinf  in  cmt^tfy  and 
*guaitiMttf  any  apeeie  nr  ar* 

*  liele  of  domeauo  eruwih, 

*  produoe,  or    maQumotura  i 

*  and  $1*0,  fiif  the  pur|KMc  of 


PRBCRDVNTS, 

Uwkr  Witdtingtvii  tmdJtdamt.  • 

*  Th  every  ciue  arising  under  ihbt  act,  i^  Uiall  be 

*  lan^Ai)  Ibr  the  Prelltient  of  the  United  SUtei,  «r 

**ueh  oitier  perum  at  he  tMlhave  prnptrmredfar 

'Upurpie,  to  einploy  auoh  part  of  the  UiMlor 

naral'lbroee  of  the  United  Statei,  or  of  the  lailiUa 


*that 
« 


'^Mif,  to  einploy  auoh  part  of  the 
roe*  of  the  United  Statei,  or  of  tNi 

*  thereoll  at  thall  b«jf»dgtd  tuceniary,  I'ur  the  pur 

*  pow  of  takimgr  ptttewim  if  and  detaini^jf  any 
'  woh  ihip,  or  veuel,  with  her  prise,  or  prices,  if 

*  any,  in  onlor  to  t)M  exeeutinn  of  Uie  nonalties  of 
<  this  aet.  and  to  the  restoring  of  such  pi'iae  or 

*  nrites*  In  the  oases  in  whiuh  restoration  ihall  have 

*  been  iiyudgedt  and  also^  ibr  the  piiri>oso  of  pre- 
*XHfHtit^gth»  eoiryinf  m  ofanvmieker/Kfditionor 
'  enttrprue  from  the  territories  of  the  Uiiitud  Stntes, 

*  against  the  territories,  or  don^inions  of  a  roreipi 

*  pnnee,  or  state,  with  whom  the  United  Stales  are 
'  at  peMe.*— Aflt  of  ihe  Sth  June»  1794,  stwilon  7. 

*  1'hHt  whenever  the  laws  of  the  Unitvd  Stntes 
'  shMtl  be  opposed,  or  the  execution  thereof  obstruvt* 

*  ed  In  any  state,  by  ooiubinations  too  powerful  to  be 

*  suppressed  bv  the  onliiisry  eoune  <»  judici«l  pro< 
'  eeedings,  or  ny  the  powers  vested  in  the  marslisl 

'  pmventinf  and  a{^fttvinii>\tf    *  by  this  aet,  [the  same  powers  in  exeoutiiw  the  laws 

*  OHjf  armed  «r  rittoiu  totem-    *  of  the  Unite«i  Static  as  iherilh  peaaess  rar 
*M^   of  persons  resitHtif 
'the  GtHam  Berne  OJkert 

*  in  ike  exertiie  ff  thur  dit- 
*H«e,  or  in  any  manner  op- 
'  posing  <A«  eareetMwiof  the 

*  nwa  laying  an  erabarga»  or 

*  otiierwke  vitiaHitftt  '^  ««> 
■sMajT  md  ai«Mnf  v/e£a> 
*fjsM  of  the  same.'— Idem, 
•Seedoatl. 


exeaut* 

*  ing  the  state  lawsl  it  shall  be  lawt\il  for  the  Prcsi- 

*  dent  of  the  United  Sutea  to  oall  iorth  the  militia 
*afaneh  state,  orof  any  other  stale,  or  states,  as 

*  RMV  be  neeessanr,  to  suppress  aueh  e»  .^nations, 

*  and  to  oauae  the  laws  to  be  duly  exeouted.  ht*— 
Aetof  the  94Ui  May,  1798. 

'  ProvMed,  that  ,wlienever  it  may  be  neeessary  in 
'  the  judgment  of  the  President,  to  use  the  military 
'  facte  hereby  dii*eoted  to  he  oaUed  (brth,  the  Pre* 

*  ahlent  sliall,  (brth«rith,  by  ptOrairoation,  eomroand 

*  auoh  insurgei^a  to  dinera^  and  retire  neaeeaUy 
■  to  their  respeetive  abode%  within  a  limitea  tinie.V 
Ibid,  seet  3. 

REMARKS 


On  <  The  Eiifinxing  Law,' 
1.    **  In  the  <  Et^trcing 
iam,*  there  is  m  authority 


On  the  Precedents,    ^ 
1,  « In  the  act^f  the  5th 
of  June,  1794,  the  same  jfro- 


THV  OUVt  mUNOHt 


w 


theStii 
le  jro- 


f  hr«ii  to  eall  o«t  «Mh  part  of  vi^op  if  w^t  ftr  eilUiig  w/t 

the  BiUUarj>  wii  jadgcMl  ne-  ikn  mUitv.y  to  Aiil  in  the  exe- 

oenearjr  toezequto  tlie  Uw.  eiitiop  of  tlie  law  witliottt  miy 

But  it  it  not  true,  that  ilM  ra^rence  to  t||e  •anctloa»  or 

military  are  f  utboriaed  ex-  interpdaitioni  of  the  civil  ^^* 


peeelbr*  or  by  re'4aoaable  im- 
plieatipiH  to  jfire  upon  the  pfp- 
pUt  witliout  the  sanation  or 
interpualtion  of  the  civil  au- 
thority. No  each  language  or 
meaning  can  be  ticaeed  in  the 
lanr. 

^,  **  The  to^itaa  cf  tha  <  Iffn- 
/oretng  t4^'Ui*,  authori^BiHg.  n 
call  upon  the  military»  are 
evidently  predicated  upon  the 


thort^. 


,9. '<  Qoringthf  reapeetive 
adminia^ationaof  Wamngian 
ft^  tfdomi,  the  military  were 
often  called  out  mithqi^t  the 


ascertained  Incompeteney  of  express  sanction  or  int^rpo 

the  civil  power  to  execu*«  the  sitfon  of  the  civil  authorijiiy* 

law;  for  the   call  mu;.     .e  tp  aid  in  the  executipn  of  the 

jitdgi4  neciSBory  to  effect  the  la,ws.^  The  inf^i^ces  will  oc- 

8peo{Ml<>  purpose  of  th^  law :  c^r  to  every  m^n,  wlio  ne 


membei's  ^boBcencpof  179^ 
and  1799.    . 


but  if  the  oustpm-house  offi- 
cers can  execute  the  law, 
with  the  aid  of  the  civil  pro- 
cess, it  never  could  be  judg- 
ed necessary  to  call  out  the 
military, 

3.  «  The  <  Enforcing  Law*  S.  «  The  act  of  the  SStli  of 
does  not  require  a  proclania-  Pebruar; .  1795^  requires  a 
tion."  proclamation^  but  it  is  by 

way  of  admonition  to  the  pNeo- 
ple;  and  neither  suspoii^<i 
the  call,  nor  the  employm^nt, 
of  the  military.  Such  was 
the  construction  of  JPresident 
fFathington,  under  the  previ- 
ous taw,  of  a  simttar  import, 
passed  in  1798."* 

To  the  candour  of  the  reader  I  freely  appeal  Let  him 
carefully  compare  those  various  lections  together.  Let  hiiii 
more  particularly  observe,  that  by  Uie  act  of  June  ^,  i794, 
congress  actually  vested  the  president  with  QJ^he  power  o/* 
LAYING  AN  BMBAEGOr"  trAeneiper,  inhU  opinion,  the 
pthlie  safiiy  ihmdd  require  it}**  Which  was,  so  far  as  respects 

*  The  wholfl  ofthb  MmpariHrn  «r,  as  well  M  the  tcmariu  opooi,,  (hew  «et% 'i^^ 
kenfttMit  apampMetipablUhfed  in  PUMelnliia,  in  1909,  and  entitled  **  Tjie  Conitita' 
(ktm^krofthe  Eiqbufo  Lawi  et^blidi^d  bj  FreoedenC'— as  liiiaiwias  cm  oam* 
iwerable  ta  enay  ••  ever  publiihea' 


146 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


this  imiMrtaiit  branch  of  leglslatioiiy  Q^on  adml  aurrender 
tf  the  UfUkOvee  power  ifUo  the  hande  of  the  executive  majd- 
«<raie— and  that  thby  likewise  conferred  on  him  authoriW 
«<  to  giae  ittch  orders  ae  might  be  neceeeary  to  carry  into  «fkef r 
thelaw  vjfueh  he  had*  ifhUownfMremaHoHf  the  '•Ugmithe 
power'*  to  enact, — ^Wben  he  has  duly  pondered  on  thene^ir- 
cumstances— when  he  has  fully  ascertained  that  Mn  JeilM>- 
son's  embargo  act  in  no  instance  exceeded,  and  in  many  MI 
far  short  of,  the  vigourof  former  laws-— will  he  hot  be  loet  in 
amazementy  bow  it  was  possible  so  to  excite  the  pvblie  pas- 
sions, respecting  this  necessary  measure,  as  to  aetudly  en* 
danger  the  permanence  of  the  anion  ?  for  it  in  an  indubitable 
fact  that  insun-cctionand  rebellion  were  threatened—and  it 
has  been  repeatedly  asserted,  and  confidently  beKeyed,  that, 
the  tenth  congrassf  through  apprehension  of  that  issue  alone* 
repealed  the  embargo  act. 

I  ought  not  to  omiti  that  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts 
aetually  passed  an  act  making  the  enforcement  of  some  of  the 
provisions  of  the  embargo  law  criminal,  and  attaching  to  it 
certain  penalties.,  It  is  out  of  my  power  to  procure  the  act, 
<*>  to  state  its  details.  But  of  its  existence  there  is  not  the 
shadow  of  ii  doubt. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

Patriotic  Proceedings.* 

I  ANNEX  a  few  specimens  of  the  style  and  substance  of 
the  resolutions  and  legiislative  remarks  upon  the  embargo— 
.va  order  to  satisfy  the  readel*  that  I  have  not  exaggerated 
the  depbrable  and  disgraceful  phrenzy  of  the  public  mind. 

Extract  from  the  re$olution$  iff  the  tmn  of  Gloucetter,  January  12<A,  1809. 

**  Setotued,  That  we  will  mutuallv  watch  and  protect  whatlittle  property  we 
have  still  left— that  we  will  uae  aU  lawJiU  means  <to  arrest  disturbers  and 
breakers  of  the  pesee  or  such  others  as  may,  (under  pretence  of  muhaHtyJrom 
gtniertmetu)  go  armed  by  night,*  or  utter  an^  menaces,  or  threatening  speeches, 
tn  the  ftttr  and  terror  of  the  good  people  of  this  town ;  and  that  we  will  ever 
hold  in  abhorrence  pimps,  and  spies,  and  night-walkers,  who  strive  to  &tten 
on  the  spoils  of  their  suffering  iellow-citizens. 

"  Resftved,  That  to  our  ttate  government  we  took  for  eouneil,  proteetton  ontf ' 
neS^,  at  this  au^  period  vf  general  calamity** 

Extract  from  the  reiolutiont  of  the  torpm  of  Bath,  DeeenAer  137, 1808. 

y  Meoohed,  that  we  have  hithertp  bonjie  with  sUenoe  the  severe  pressure  of 


% 


The  fsetimis,  and  seditious,  a<id  jacobiiildd  Moeeedings  thkt  took  place  in 
the  eastern  states  in  the  year  1809,  and  shook  Uie  government  to  its  centre, 
were  paraded  in. many  of  the  fSideral  papers  tliroughout  the  union  with  great 
solemnUy,  headed  with  the  words  '« PATRIOTIC  PSOCBEDINGS,"  in  star- 
ing capitab.  It  b  truly  lamentable  to  reflect  on  the  extravagant  lengths  to 
which  the  spirit  of  party  leads  its  followers.  NevO"  was  the  word  "patriotic" 
more  grossly  misapplied.  .,•.:»-;•  i 


/ 


THB  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


My 


ufer 

iTltT 

jm 

Mtiii 

y  tn- 
itaMe 
indit 
I,  that. 
Bdohe, 

Qsetts 
of  the 
igtoit 
le  act» 
lot  the 


ince  of 

[erated 
iiind. 

,1809. 


Ipecehes. 
ill  ever 
&tten 

\am  and" 


sate  of 

I  place  in 
centre, 
great 

in  sUr- 

Insthsto 
■      otic 


^{bMe  ruinous  kwi[enb«ifBUwa]-HHidalthoufhw«  now  deem  it  vmiiaiiu 
tptak  wtih/timuit  andtheitit*  mv  dttutuHmtJ  them,  tmdthgpMey  which  jfotm 
rtw  f*  ihtm,  we  will  atiU  l^eep  down  tiie  spttii  of  indignatioo  which  awelk 
within  ue  at  the  endunnec  of  them  t  and  wiA  conduet  towacd  thi  oatiooal  to* 
vemmcnt and Itawveraloflcera with attttabledefefenee and  moderation;  tbst 
we  do.  howe««w,  deapafT  of  olMaining  my  redreee  of  tbeao  girievwoea.  from  tm 
govenmicnt,  while  ^s  itrineipal  oroMt  a?e  filled  «»  at  preaent;  and  that  ouc 
only  hope  is  that  the  state jgovernmeQts,  by  thehr  remonstrances  and  resolutions, 
may  bav*  ntohi  influence  m  eiTectinif  this  objeet,  than  the  pfetitions  and  memo- 
rials of  individuals  and  towns. 

"  Stmhedt  thar^firtt  That  a  respectAil  Mldress  he  finrwarded  in  the  name  of 
the  people  of  this  town  to  the  legislature  of  this  commonwealth,  atatinv  to 
them  the  wrongs  and  nievancea  we  ahready  scfler,  and  the  fearfiil  q>pr0ien>  . 
■iomi  weexpenenoe  of  speedily  hatrlng  ouroalamity  inereaaed  by  the  sddh'fin ,' 
of  still  more  restriotive  and  aifeitraiyTaws ;  expressing  to  tiiem  our  approba* 
tion  of  the  measures  they  have  already  adopted  upon  this  iaiportant  subject, 
and  requ«stin#  them  to  tdbs  such  other  immediate  steps  for  relievii^  the 
people,  dther  by  themselves  alone,  or  in  emcert  vttth  •thar  fmnmrbkU  ttalet,  ot 
the  extnurdiMiry  eircumtianeet  tf  stir  eituatbm  mof/  ntfuire.** 

Sxtraetfivm  the  memorial  cf  the  tamn  of  JBoeton  to  the  bjielature  of  Mutaehu- 

eetlit  January  ^thf  1809. 
**  The  hihabitants  ot  the  town  of  Boston,  in  town  meeting  assembled,  re- 
qiectiiiUy  rspresent^That  they  Sre  conatrained  to  apply  to  your  honourable 
Mdy,  as  th|S  nnmediate  guardians  of  their  riglits  and  liberties,  for  yourinterpo- 
lilim  to  procure  for  Uiem  reUef  finm  tlie  grievancei  whL:I.  :Vy  now  mfin-t  un« 
der  the  operation  of  tlie  laws  of  the  general  government,  abolishing  foreign 
comnteroe,  and  aubjecting  the  coasting  trade  tuembarrusmenta  which  threat- 
en its  annihilation.  Our  hope  and  consolation  rest  with  the  legislature  of  our 
state,  to  whom  it  it  competent  io  devtte  meant  ^  relief  againit  the  Tinconttitutimal 
neaturei  tf  the  general  government :  that  your  power  is  adequate  to  this  object 
i»  miiieat  from  the  organization^  the  confderacj/.** 

Extract  from  the  proceeiSngt  of  the  town  of  Top^fieid,  January  ISth^  1809. 

"  Beeolvedf  That  such  has  been  our  suif  ering,  and  so  great  is  our  alarm,  oc- 
casioned by  the  extraerdinaiy  measures  lately  adopted,  that  we  slwU  never  be 
contented  until  we  are  secured  from  a  repetition  of  uie  same  evils.  That  a 
bare  repeal  of  the  obnoxious  acts  ouglit  not,  therefore,  to  satisfy*  free  and 
prudent  people,  any  more  than  the  repeal  of  the  British  stamp  act  silenced  the 
patriots  of  tnat  day-^that  there  ought  to  be  a  solemn  renunciation  of  tlie  right, 
thus  assumed  {  and  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  asssmbly,  that  legal  and  constitu- 
tional measures  should  be  adopted  for  thst  purpose. 

"  This  assembly  d^lare  it  as  tlieir  deliberate  opinion  that  there  exists  NO 
CAUSE  of  war  with  Great  Britain;  that  auch  a  war  would  be  unju:it,  unne- 
cesiikry,  and  extremely  to  be  deplored ;  that  the  rentoval  of  the  embargo  will 
not  necessarily  involve  us  in  war ;  but  should  this  be  the  alternative,  it  ought 
to  be  a  war  with  France,  and  not  with  Great  Britain. 

"inhabiting  a  part  of  the  union  the  most  engaged  In  foreign  commerce, 
they  think  themselves  qualified  tq  decide  upon  its  ruks,  and  the  nature  and 
extent  of  the  injuries  .to  which  it  is  exposed ;  and  it  is  their  firm  belief  that 
o»r  commeree,  unrestrained  by  self^lestroying  measures,  might  find  many 
sources  of  profitable  employment,  without  interfering  in  any  degree  with  thote 
pritudplee  of  maritime  Utw,  which  GREAT  BRl'l  AIN  deeme  eatential  to  her  ex- 
istenee,  and  which  in  an  eventfid  moment  like  thepreaerU  she  will  NEVER  YIELD. 

**  And  thiii  assembly  ^not  refiwin  from  expressing  their  conviction,  that 
neither  the  honour  nor  the  permanent  interests  of  the  United  States  require 
that  we  should  drive  Great  Britain,  if  it  were  in  our  power,  to  the  turrender 
of  thote  chdmt  to  ettential  to  her  in  the  mighty  conflict  in  which  the  ^  at  preten 
engaged,'  a  conflict  interetting  to  humanity,  to  niorals,  to  religion,  mtd  tite  latt 
struggle  of  liberty.** 

Extract  from  a  Circular  Handbill,  ptiblithed  at  Mwbundtort. 
"  You  have  reposed  confidence  in  a  COWARD,  [Jefferson,]  and  leaned  on  a 
broken  staff'  too  long.-*Tlie  day  of  pdiitical  probation  is  liist  verging  to  a  close 


1^' 


mm. 


fM 


'tm  6tPrt  tikKi^n: 


^#kM  ^  Ate  or  Aflnwiu  vm  be  dfcidad,  and  Imida  bought  wkh  tlM  pHm^^ 
or  Ateinen**  Uood.Wffl  gneo  diri  btowi  oT  tho  0«|lic  tjnnt.  Let  ofciy  nuui' 
whoheUb  thoiMMAOor  AnMriea  dttkr  to  hifli,  MNlbh  out  hit  hu4,  *Bd  put 


tM^  aecurMd  ttiinv,  the  BMftAROO^  Awn  Ua.  g^  Bo  rewhite  s  fl^'ect 
HkotboMm or  HbortVi  or  CtODand  or  your  ooontijf^-oC^ nerve  your  emw 
wUh  VBKOIAIIOB  Miimt  the  DB8P0T  who  wmiU  wnet  the  Iheetiinable 
firmer  yoM^^ndependellee^lro^jet^Htf>d(p'3^o■h^dfecl^^yll<^^^</ 

'^OhreW  no  longer  to  the  ivtcn  voice  oTdeiiioeNejr  m^  JMnudan  Ubirtg. 
IthieenneddehMMn,adopiedbvtreltort,and  reGonmendea  bjr  sjroophentt. 
\  '<<lefftnoiH-«  men,  who  with  tne  DAGGER  or  ptpular  ttmtJkw$  fint  ceve 
the  stab  to  your  Ubertieh'*^  4-  v^  o 

Extn^Ji^tl^tnf»tdivtfflkettfm9fAivv»UtiHMalm,J*m.  ti^  1809. 

*' The  awweniiehM  arrived,  when  it  heooHMeneoeMuy  for  the  ftiende  oT 
Our  {independence,  to  nuke  a  firm  and  deeided  atand'  i  when  it  becomee  aU-im> 
pbrtalii  to  throw  aaide  minor  conaiderationBt  and  unite  fer  the  eommon  goqd; 
and  when  a  Mnae  of  eommoodanferdmwaua  together  to  meet  thi  appvaeh- 
u»  atonn. 

y  With  ■ubmisaion  abnoat  emounting  to  criminal  apathy»  we  hive  8uffin«d 
privationa  and  restriotiona  never  defrn  tasted  ifft.tr  mkturti  ig,  afrw  petMi, 
Ktow,  th4t  even  the  meant  or  aubiutenee  it  at  haaard,  and  the  aacred  aaylum 
oT  ourdwellingpi,  it  no  longer  held  faiviolable— eilenee  would  be  cHinr,and 
$^  rt»i4aanee  wpuldlbtetmaTb-tut^  tKi  Jhttmofniliidtf  f  f 

**  Reaolved,  that  the  rettrtetiona  and  impoaitiona  on  Our  trade  andoommerce, 
ere  tnOgrekt  and  ruinouaanjr  longer  to  be  borne— end  that  the  general  dia« 
tretfl  or  our  country  demanda  immediate  relief 

**  Every  man  will  pretume  that  he  it  not  bound  to  regard  it  [the  Embargo] 
but  may  aend  hia  produce  or  his  merchandize  td  a  foreign  mwket  in  the  tame 
manner,  aa  if  the  government  had  never  undertaken  to  prohibit  it." 

JVmImi  CenthuL 

**  We  know  if  the  embargo  be  not  r^oved,  our  eitizena  will  ere  loiw  tet 
itt  penalties  ^nd  rettrfctiont  at  defiance.  It  bebovet  us  to  tpeak;  fei^  ttiwe  we 
mutt,  if  speaking  doet  not  aniwer.**  iBttfn  Btpertwy^ 

<*  It  ia  better  to  Buffer  the  AMPUTATION  of  a  Umb,  than  to  lote  the 
WHOUi  BODY.  iVt  tmutprepartfor  the  •peraHw.  —Wherefere  then  is 
JVWv  £furfamtfaaleep>-wherefoie  doea  >.^  SUBMIT  to  the  oppression  of  ent- 
miei  in  the  5iouth  ^  '  -  Have  we  no  Motet,  who  it  inspired  by  ^'^^  God  of  our 
I^atliete,  and  wJU  laid  iu»u$of  Egypt.**  Botten  Gazette.    ■ 

**Thia  perpetual  embargo  being  unconstitutional,  every  man  will  perceive 
that  he  la  npt  bound  to  refi^ud  it,  but  ma^  send  his  produce  or  merchuidize  to 
a  foreign  market  in  the  tame  manner  as  if  the  government  had  never  under- 
tiJcen  to  prohibit  it!— If  the  petitions  do  not  produce  a  relaxation '  or  re- 
moval of  the  embargo,  the  people  eughtimtte<Sately  to  aamme  a  higher  tone. 

"  TV  gtvemment  ef  Mauachutetts  h^  alto  a  Ju/y  to  perform.  This  state 
it  still  sovereign  and  independent''J'o«i^       Centinel,  September  iOth,  1808. 

Extract  fr»m  the  tpeech^f  Mr.  MiUhetuCt  in  the  tenure  ^  the  United  Statet,  rni 
the  hin  fvr  et^erdng  the  embw'^. 
"In  my  mind  the  present  orisit  exeitet  the  most  serious  apprehensions. 
Cp*  wf 'tonn  ioAiw  te  'k  j-ittAerifff  which  portends  not  a  tin^it  on  the  \cean, 
biit  GCJ''  deniettic  epntrnmena .''— Uowevef;  painful  the  task,  a  sense  of  duty  \;all8 
upon  meio  raise  mv  voice,  and  use  my  utmost  exertions  to  prevent  the  passing 
of  this  bill.'  I  feel  myself  bound  in  conscience  to  declare,  kit  the  ol»od  tf 
thote  who  ihotddfaU  in  the  exectitim  of  tfdt  mea$ure  may  lie  on  my  head,  that  J 
coniider  this  to  bis  an  act  -which  directa  a  mortal  blow  at  the  libertiei  of  my  coun- 
try .'  an  act  eontaiiling  uncvnttitutional  provitionti  to  which  (C  THE  PEOPLE 


THE  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


I4t 


AttB  NOT  BOimD TO  SUBMIT,  umitt  wWcA.  in  mg  tpinkn,  ^thtgwOI 
ml  »u6mH.''*-f 

This  speech  requires  t  most  serious  reflection.  A  senator 
of  the  United  Btstes— arhose  age  ought  to  have  secured  him 
from  the  heyday  of  passion  and  fiolenoe«  and  taught  him  so- 
briety and  gravity,  in  his  place  invites  and  encourages  hto 
fellow  citiaens  to  insurrection  and  rebellion !  And  the  law  to 
which  he  excites  reslstanee  is  not  so  rigorous*  as  laws  whieh» 
I  believe,  he  had  concurred  to  franc :  for  I  am  persuaded  ho 
was  in  congress  when  those  laws  to  which  I  have  referred^ 
were  passed. 

A  large  volume  might  be  lllled  with  similar  «  patriotie 

tiroceedings,"  as  they  were  then  styled*  which  threatened 
he  peace  of  the  nation  with  destruction.  No  pains  had  been 
spared  to  fan  the  flame.  The  public  mind,  by  incessant  ap- 
peals to  the  passions,  had  been  excited  to  a  species  of  deliri- 
um and  maflness.  And  such  was  the  awful  and  disgraceful 
delusion,  that  the  sufiterings  of  the  country  by  the  lawless 
proceedings  of  the  belligerents,  were  unjustly  ascribed  to 
the  measures  of  the  government,  calculated  to  enforce  re^ 
dress !  Greater  insanity  can  hardly  be  conceived. 

CHAWBRXXVIL 

John  Henry*a  wttMsum  io  the  EasUm  8taU»,  Ifuiruttwiu  jrum 
the  Qdvemor  Gxneral  of  British  •fmertca. 

CoTEMPORAirBcvRLY  with  tho  *'  patrtottc  proeeedtngt/* 
of  which  I  have  presented  the  reader  with  a  slight  sketch  in 
the  preceding  chapter,  a  most  extraordinary  circumstance 
occurred  in  Canada.  Sir  James  H.  Craig,  governor  gaaeral 
of  the  Britifih  provinces  in  North  America,  employea  a  cer- 
tain John  Henry  on  a  mission  to  the  Eastern  States,  t6  ascer- 
tain the  views  of  the  malcontents,  and  how  far,  if  they  ob- 
tained **  a  decided  infhience,**  they  would  <*  exert  that  ii^«- 
ence  to  bring  about  a  separation  Aim  tfu  general  union,*'  Also 
«  kow  Jar,  in  such  an  event,  they  would  look  to  England  for 
assistance,  or  he  disposed  to  enter  into  a  connexion  vrith  us" 
[the  people  of  Canada.] 

This  18  a  most  important  feature  in  the  history  of  our  era* 
I  shall,  therefore,  give  the  whole  of  the  owrespondence  be- 
tween Sir  James  and  Mr.  Henry,  in  extenso,  without  com- 
ment. Let  the  reader  decide  for  himself  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  transaction. 

*  For  th«  preceding  extracts  I  am  indebted  to  a  pampUet,  ftyled  *>  Tbiogi 
as  they  are,"  by  H.  Niles. 
t  Uoaton  Centinel,  Jan.  13, 1809. 


Ji|:4&ii^ii=^ 


ISO 


TU£  UUYE  BRANCH; 


So,  I. 

Jlii:  RflaHiif  leenlunf  f  tir  Jitmet  Oaif,  lale  fnerntr-g^ntral  ^f  the  MrilUh 

prnineet  in  Mrih  Jmtrito,  to  Mr.  Umry, 

[MAtt  Neret  «nd  conlldcntial.] 

%w6«e,  S6«A /((MtMry,  1809.    ■ 

My  dMr  va^Tfm  tstrturdiiuay  tiUuMtm  ^  tkh^$  at  this  time  in  iht  migh* 
b»^mg  tatett  l>u  augceited  to  the  governor  in  cnier,  the  klea  of  employing 
you  on  a  leorct  imd  eonndential  miwiun  to  Bocton,  pr«Wided  ui  amngeiMnt 
can  be  made  to  nwet  the  hnpurtant  eml  in  view,  irttnout  throwing  an  aMnlnte 
obetaele  in  the  way  oTmir  proMsuinnal  pumiitt.  I'he  injkrmatim  md  p»Uti- 
cat  •AmttmiKmh  ktrM^fin  reeeivtidji'mn  jftu  wert  trontmititil  by  hit  exceUent]/ 1» 
the  tetntarg  ^f  9tal*,  «A«  Am  9xpr9tMd  hit  parUeular  uMroiotion  nfthtm  t  and 
thtre  it  n»  dumt  that  jftttr  able  exteittion  ^  tueh  a  mdttim  at  I  home  abm*  tug' 
getttd,  wtfiMgivt  vow  u  claim  ntt  mh/  on  the  govemor-generait  but  m  hit  mt^t- 
V*  fiMttcrt,  which  might  eventually  eontrioute  to  your  advantage.  You  will 
have  the  goodneaa.  (hereftire,  to  acquaint  me,  for  hit  excellency's  information, 
whether  you  couM  make  it  convenient  to  engage  in  a  miasion  of  this  nature, 
and  what  pecuniary  uaictanee  would  be  rcquiute  to  enable  you  to  undertake 
it  without  injurj^  to  vouraclf. 

At  preaent  it  la  only  neceaaary  forme  to  add,  that  the  governor  would  ftimiih 
«M  witha  cypjhcr  for  carrying  on  your  correapondencei  and  that  in  case  the 
leading  pu>tv  in  any  of  the  ttatea  wiahed  to  open  a  communicatioo  with  thit  gov- 
ernment, their  views  might  be  communicaied  through  ynu. 

I  am,  with  great  truth  «id  regard,  my  dear  sir,  your  most  fiuthjftd,  humble 
scnruit, 

(Signed)  HERMAN  W.  RYLAND. 

Jthn  Hemy,  Eiq.  ,  ' 

No.  II. 

Montreal,  January  31, 1809. 

1  have  to  acknowledge  the  favour  of  yOtir  letter  of  tite  26th  intt.  written  by 
the  desire  of  his  excellency  the  gov.  in  chief;  and  hasten  to  express,  through 
you,  to  his  excellency,  my  readiness  to  comply  with  his  wishes. 

fneed  not  add  how  very  flattering  it  is  to  receive  from  his  excellency  the 
assurance  of  the  approbation  of  his  maie8ty*a  secretary  of  state  fitr  the  very 
humble  services  that  I  may  have  reiidrred. 

If  tiie  nature  of  the  services  in  which  I  am  to  he  rnfT^ged  will  require  no 
other  disbursements  than  for  my  individual  expenses,  I  do  not  apprehend  that 
tbirte  can  exceed  my  private  resources. 

I  shaU  be  ready  to  take  my  departure  before  my  instructions  can  be  made 
out. 

1  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c  J.  iry. . 

•    H.  IT.  Ryland,  Etq.  Sec.  £jfc. 

No  HI. 
General  Inttrucliotu  from  tir  J.  H.  Craig  to  Mr.  ffenry,  respecting  hit  teere! 

!>       mias4un. 
[Most  secret  and  confidential.] 

Qtiebec,  6th  February,  1809. 

Sir— As  you  have  so  readily  rtndertuken  the  service  witich  I  have  suggested 
to  you  as  being  likely  to  be  attended  with  much  benefit  to  the  public  interests, 
I  am  to  request  tliat  witli  your  earliest  conveniency  you  will  proceed  to 
Boston. 

.  The  principal  object  that  I  recommend  to  your  attention,  is  the  endeavour 
to  obtain  the  most  accurate  information  of  the  true  Mtnte  of  affairs  in  that  part 
of  the  nnlon,  which,  from  its  wealth,  tlie  number  of  its  inhabitants,  and  tiic 
known  intelligence  and  ability  of  several  of  its  landing  men,  must  naturally 
possess  a  verj*  considerable  influence  over,  mjd  will  indeed  probably  lead, 
the  other  eastern  states  of  America  in  the  part  they  may  take  at  this  impor- 
tant crisis. 

I  shall  not  pretend  to  point  out  to  you  the  mode  by  which  you  will  be  most 
likely  to  obtain  this  important  information.  Your  own  judgment,  and  the 
connections  which  you  may  have  iu  the  town,  must  be  your  {^de. 


..«< 


THE  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


isi 


t  Uiink  it  howfvir  ncoeMMnr  to  put  you  on  your  vuard  animt  the  Mnguiao* 
Mt<  of  M  Hpirinr  |Murty.  The  ftdanluts,  ■#  I  underatmd,  have  at  Ml  Uiaee 
diMovcrcd  a  leanlnf  to  th«  diapoekkm  >  ami  tlielr  being  undrr  its  partieuUir 
influctifle  at  thb  momant.  m  the  more  to  be  expeelod  (Voro  their  harnv  no  ill 
founded  gruitiMl  ibr  their  hopoe  of  being  neaitr  tk$  ariaAMw;ii  ^  thttt  ahjtet 
than  they  have  been  (br  •cm*  yoan  poat.  .  ,    . 

In  the  feiieral  terma  which  I  have  made  uae  of  in  deaoribinfr  the  otg^et 
which  1  recommend  to  jrour  attention  i  it  i«  aearoely  neceaaarvt  that  I  aiiould 
obterve«  I  include  the  atate  of  the  public  opinion,  both  with  ttmv*  to  their 
internal  politict  and  to  the  probability  of  a  war  with  England  (  tb"  -  ipara- 
tive  ittrength  of  the  two  great  piirties  into  whicli  the  country  ia  dividad  i  and 
the  viewa  and  dteaigna  of  that  which  may  ultimatr>*y  prevail. 

It  baa  been  auppoaed  that  if  tite  federuliata  of  tiie  eaatem  atatea  should  be 
•iicoesaful  in  obtaming  tluit  decided  inHuenci  which  may  enable  :.||em  to  di- 
rect the  public  opinion,  it  ii  not  improlwble,  .ant  rather  than  submit  to  a  con« 
tiniiance  of  tlie  difikultiea  and  disiraits  to  which  thev  are  laow  auLJcct,  they 
will  exert  that  influence  to  bring  ubout  a  aeparatioa  nvm  the  general  union. 
The  earliest  information  on  this  subject  mav  be  of  Kreat  ooiiscquenoe  to  our 
government  I  as  it  may  alio  be,  that  «t  should  L.  inmrnie"  Aow  far  i'-  nuh  an 
event  they  would  look  to  Ensland/or  auiitancet  or  be  (Mtpootd  to  entor  "to  a  eon- 
neetion  vitk  u». 

Although  it  wmdd  be  highly  inexpedient  that  you  alioukl  in  ^«it^  manner 
appear  us  an  avowed  agent  i  yet  if  you  could  cuntrtve  to  obtain  ah  intimacy 
with  any  of  the  tending  party,  it  may  nol  be  improper '  .4  ;vou  aliould  insinil 
•te,  though  with  great  caution,  that  if  the^  tkould  -with  1 1  enttr  into  any  commu* 
nicatioH  ivith  ourg4vemmmt  through  me,  you  art  autkorued  fo  receive  uny  siicA, 
and  vill  lafely  tranemit  it  to  me  •*  and  as  it  may  nut  be  impoMible  that  tliey 
should  require  aome  document  by  which  tliey  may  be  aasiurcd,  that  you  are 
really  in  the  situation  in  which  you  repreaent  yourself,  /  enclote  a  credential  to 
ke  produced  in  that  view.  But  1  moat  particularly  enjoin  and  direct,  that  you 
do  not  make  use  of  this  paper,  untess  a  desin  to  that  purpoae  should  be  ex* 
pressed ;  and  vnleti  you  tee  good  ground  for  expecting  tku  •  tIte  dtin^  to  tmiy  lead 
It  a  more  confidential  commtinication,  than  you  can  otherwise  look  tur. 

In  passing  through  Uie  suie  of  Vermont,  you  will  of  course  tuett  your  en« 
deavours  to  procure  all  the  information  that  the  short  stay  you  will  probably 
make  there  will  admit  of.— You  will  use  your  ow^n  discretion  aa  to  delaying 
your  journey,  with  this  view,  more  or  Icsa,  in  proportion  to  your  prospects  of 
obtaining  any  inlurmation  of  consequence. 

I  request  to  hear  from  you  as  frequently  aa  possible :  and  aa  letters  addressed 
to  me  might  excite  suspicion,  it  may  be      "'^^H  that  you  put  tliem  under  cover 

to  Mr. — .    Ami  as  even  the  adif ~r  ,>■. ,,r  letters  alwaj's  to  the  same  per> 

sun  might  attrict  notice,  I  recommend  you <-  sometimes  ulclressing  your  pack^ 
et  to  the  chief  justice  here,  or  occasionally,  ihougli  seldom,  to  Mr.  UyUnd i  but 
ne^-er  witli  the  addition  of  Itis  official  description. 

I  am,  sir,  your  most  obedient  huoii  ie  serv't, 

(Signed)  J.  II.  CKAIO. 

John  Ifeiwy,  Etq.  r  .      ■ 

No.  IV.        . 
Credential  pom  Sir  Jamet  Craig  to  Mr.  Henry. 

(Copy.)  [SBAL,] 

The  beurer  Mr.  John  Henry,  is  employed  by  me,  and  full  confidence  n.<ty  Be 
placed  in  liim  tor  any  communication  which  anjpperstm  may  wish  to  make  to 
me  tn  thebutineat  committed  to  /dm.  In  f  lith  of  which  I  have  given  him  this  un> 
der  my  hand  and  seal  at  Quebec,  tIte  6th  dav  of  February,  lilU9. 

(Signed)  J.  H.  CRAIG. 

No   V. 
To  hlaexceUeney  the  Governor  General,  &c.  in  antwer  to  hit  letter  ofinatructioiu, 

Mtntrealf  February  10,  1809. 
Sir— I  have  the  honour  to  acknowledge  tlie  receipt  of  your  excellency's  let- 
ter  of  instructions,  the  letter  of  credence,  and  the  cyplier  for  carrying  on  my 
coiTespoiidence.    I  h.ive  bestowed  muck  pains  upon  the  cypher;  and  a|n,  not- 


1S3 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


withatanding  this,  deficient  in  Mine  points  which  might  en»bk  me  to  under- 
■taad  it  clearly.  I  have  oompaced  the  example  wKh  my  own  exemplifieatiun 
of  the  cypher,  raid  find  •  diffeicncc  in  the  reautu :  and  aa  the  present  moment 
aeeoM  favpumbk  to  the  interference  of  hia  mujesty'i  government  in  the  mea- 
a«irei  puraued  by  the  fedehd  party  in  the  northern  statea,  i^  more  especially 
a*  the  atiembly  of  Masaachusetu  ia  mvr  in  aeaaion,  I  think  it  better  to  set  for- 
intid  iinmedurtely,  than  wait  for  any  further  explanation  of  the  means  of  car- 
tying  on  a  secret  correspondence  {  which  the  frequency  of  ^afti  private  cuhvey* 
■neea  to  Canada  will  render  almost  wholly  unneceaaary.  Should  it  however 
be  neeeasary  at  any  time.  I  take  leave  to^uggeat  that  the  index  alone  furnishes 
a  very  safe  and  simple  mode.  In  it  thare  is  a  number  iur  every  letter  in  the 
alphabet,  and  particular  numbers,  for  particular  phraies ;  ao  thA  when  I  do  not 
find  in  the  index  the  particular  word  I  want,  I  can  apell  it  with  the  figures 
whioli  stand  opposite  to  the  letters.  For  example,  if  I  want  to  pay  that  -  troops 
are  at  Albany,*  I  find  under  the  letter  <*  t**  that  number  15  standa  ibr 
*•  troops,**  ana  number  185  for  *•  Albany."  The  intervening  words  "  are  ai" 
I  supply  by  fig^res  corresponding  with  the  letters  in  tltese  words. 

It  wul  be  neeeasary  to  provide  against  accident  by  addressing  the  letters  to 
Mr.  ■,  of  Montreal,  with  a  small  mark  on  the  comer  of  the  envelope 

wUeh  he  will  understand.  When  he  receives  it,  he  will  then  address  the  en> 
dosure  to  your  excellency,  and  send  it  from  Montreal  by  maiL  I  will  be  care> 
fill  not  to  address  your  excellency  in  the  body  of  the  letter,  nor  sign  my  name 
to  any  of  them.-^Thcnr  will  be  merdy  designated  by  the  initials  A.  B. 

If  this  mode  shouloirLi  anyrespebt  appear  exceptionabSe,  ymue  excellency 
will  have  the  goodness  to  order  a  more  particular  explanation  of  tlie  card.  It 
would  reach  me  in  safety  addressed  to  i     .        ,  Boston. 

I  have  Uie  honour  to  be.  Sic.  J.  H'y. 

No.  VI. 

JiurUn^tuh  Vermont,  Feb.  14,  IB09. 

8ir-»I  have  remained  here  two  days,  in  order  fully  to  aacertain  die  progress 
of  the  arrangfemetat  heretefvre  made  for  vrganixii^  an  efficient  o^uttitim,  to  the 
ggheral government,  as  well  as  to  become  acquainted  with  tlie  opinionx  of  the 
leading  people,  relative  to  the  measures  of  that  party  which  has  tite  uacendency 
in  the  national  councils. 

On  die  subject  of  the  embargo  laws  there  seemi  but  one  opinion ;  namely, 
that  thev  are  vmuceuarjf,  ^)pre*tive,an(l  uneonotitutiomU.  It  must  also  be  ub* 
served  that  tlie  executbii  ot  ihem  is  so  invidtous  as  to  attract  towants  the  oiB- 
cers  of  government  die  enr^ity  of  the  people,  whiclt  is  of  coiii-iie  transferable 
to  the  government  itself;  so  ihat  in  case  the  state  of  Ma8^iachus<:tts  should 
take  aiiy  bold  step  towards  resisting  tlie  execution  of  diese  laws,  it  is  highly 
probabw  that  it  may  calculate  upon  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the  people  of 
Vermont. 

I  learn  that  the  governor  of  diis  state  is  now  visiting^  the  towns  in  the  nor- 
thern soction  of  it ;  and  muke$  no  oecvet  of'  hia  determitiation,  aa  commundtr  in 
chief  of  the  ndUHa,  to  refuae  obedience  to  atn/  command  JroiH  the  general  govern- 
ment vMch  can  tend  to  intermpt  the  good  understnniHng  that  prevaila  between  the 
citizena  of  Vermont  and  fda  miyeattf'-a  aubjecta  in  Canada.  It  is  further  intimated, 
that,  in  case  of  h  war,  he  wiU  uae  hia  itijluence  to  pieaerve  the  atate  neutral,-  and 
resist,  with  all  the  force  hu  can  command,  any  attempt  to  make  it  a  party.  I 
need  not  add,  that  if  these  resolutions  are  carried  into  eHect,  the  atate  ^Ver- 
mont may  be  conridered  aa  an  all^  of  Great  Britain. 

To  what  extent  the  sentimenta  which  pi-evail  in  this  quarter  exist  in  the 
neighbouring  states,  or  even  in  the  eas>ein  section  of  this  state,  I  avn  not  able 
to  comecture.  I  can  only  say,  with  certainty,  that  the  leading  men  of  tlie 
federal  party  act  in  concert ;  and,  therefore,  infer,  that  a  common  sentiment 
pervades  the  whole  body  throughout  New  England. 

1  have  seen  a  letter  fram  a  gentleman  now  at  Washiflgton  to  his  fi*iend  in 
this  place ;  and  as  its  contents  may  serve  to  throw  some  light  on  passing  events 
there,  I  shall  s^nd  either  tiie  origin:il  or  a  copy  with  (his  dcrsputch.  Tlie  wri- 
ter of  the  letter  is  a  man  o^'churacter  and  ver.tcity  \  and  wlictlier  competent  or 
not  to  form  correct  opinions  himself,  is  probably  within  die  reach  of  all  the 


THE  OLIVE  BRjiKOH. 


153 


knowtedg«  that  ean  be  obtained  by  the  party  to  which  he  belongs.  It  appears 
by  his  statctment  that  there  is  a  very  furmidable  majority  in  congress  un  the 
siile  of  the  administratioli  t  noiwithstaiir''ng  which,  there  is  every  reason  to 
hope,  that  1A9  mi'lAem  ttatet  in  thtir  iMm  net  eapaeitjfmUl  imi^  and  teri$t  by 
force  a  mur  irith  Great  BritaiH.  In  what  mode  thia  rilsistance  will  first  shew 
itself,  is  probably  not  yet  determined  upon ;  and  may  in  some  measMre  depdnd 
upon  the  reliance  that  the  leading  men  may  place  upon  kssuranoea  of  support 
fivm  his  majesty's  reprewnti(tiTM  in  Canada  t  and  at  /  thdtt  be  m  the  tfletf 
tpnderthie  whenever  the  numenl  arrivea  that  it  can  be,  ikne  with  4;|&e<— there  is 
no  doubt  that  all  titeir  meaturei  tnay  be  made  tttbenlimUe  te  the'  intentien*  ffhie 
ma^^igevemmeitt.  CrTeat  pains  are  taken  1^  the  men  of  talents  and  inteUi- 
gence  to  eo^rm  the  few  •/  the  comnwn  peeple,  ae  te  the  cenewreitee  of  the 
tauthern  demecrata  in  thepr^ctt  «ff  France  /  and  every  thing  tendt  /•  eneeurage 
the  beb^,  that  the  tUtielutton  rftfie  cqn/ederacjf  W^  4o  aee^erated  by  that  »fim$ 
which  ntfw  actvatee  bttthpoHtiailpartiet.  V'':^" 

lamtito.  '  A.B. 

No.  VUL 

fFinduTt  Vermuft,  Feb.  10, 1809. 
8ir^ My  last  was  written  at  Burlington,  the  principal  town  in  the  northern 
part  of  tlie  sute  of  Vermont    I  am  now  at  the  principal  town  in  the  eastern 
section. 

The  fallacy  of  men's  opinions  when  they  act  under  the  influence;  ofseniibHi' 
ty,  and  are  strongly  excited  by  thoxe  hopes'  which  always  animate  a  riuiig 
IHoiv,  lead  me  to  doubt  the  correctness  of  the  opinions  whicli  I  received  in  tlie 
nortiiem  section  of  this  s«ate ;  which,  from  its  contiguity  to  Canada,  and  ne- 
cessary intercourse  with  Montreal,  has  a  strong  interest  in  promoting  a  good 
understanding  with  his  majesty's  government.  Therefore,  since  my  departure 
from  Ourlington,  Iliave  sought  every  favourable  occasion  of  conversing  with 
the  democrats  on  the  probable  result  of  the  poiicy  adopted  by  the  general  go« 
vemment.    The  difference  of  opinion  is  tlius  expressed. 

Tlie  tederal  party  declare,  that  in  the  event  of  a  war,  the  itate  of  Vermont 
will  treat  teparatelyjor  ittelfwith  Great  Britain  i  and  support,  to  the  utmost, 
the  stipulatiom  into  which  it  may  enter,  without  anv  regwd  to  the  policy  of 
the  general  government.    The  democrats  on  the  other  band  assert,  that,  in 
such  a  case  as  that  contemplated,  the  people  Would  nearly  be  divided  into 
equul  numbers  {.one  of  which  would  support  the  government,  iPit  could  be 
dune  without  involving  the  people  in  a  civil  war :  out  at  all  events  would 
risk  every  thing  in  prnerence  to  a  coalition  with  Great  Britain.-— This  dif. 
tcrence  of  opinion  is  not  to  be  wh61ly  ascribed  to  the  prejudices  of  party. 
Tlie  people  in  the  eastern  section  of  Vermont  are  not  operated  upon  by  the 
same  hopes  and  fears  as  those  on  the  borders  of  the  British  colony.    They  are 
liot  dependent  upon  Montreal  fw,  the  sale  of  their  produce,  nor  the  supply 
of  foreign  commodities.     They  ai-e  not  apprehensive  of  any  serious  dan. 
gersor  inconvenience  from  a  state  of  war:  and  although  they  admit  that  the 
governor,  council,  and  three-fburths  of  the  representation  in  congress  are  of 
the  iedenl  party,  yet  they  do  not  believe  that  the  state  would  stand  alone  and 
resist  the  national  government.    Tliey  do  not  however  deny,  that  should  tlie 
state  of  Vermont  continue  to  be  represented  as  it  is  at  present,  it  would  in  all 
probability  unite  with  the  neighbouring  states,  in  any  serious  plan  of  resistance 
to  a  war,  which  it  might  seem  expedient  to  adopt.>-Thia  1  think  is  (he  aafer 
opinion  for  you  to  rely  on ;  if  indeed  reliance  ought  to  be  placed  on  any  mea- 
sure depending  upon  tlie  will  of  the  rabble,  which  is  ever  changing,  and  must 
ever  be  marked  with  ignorance,  caprice,  and  inconstancy.    As  the  crisis  ap- 
proaches, the  difficulty  of  deciding  upon  an  hazardous  alternative  will  in- 
crease.   And  unfortunately  there  is  not  in  Vermont  an^.man  of  commanding 
tal(3its,  capable  of  attracting  general  confidence  t  of  intusing  into  tlie  people 
his  own  spirit^  and,  amidst  the  confusion  of  conflicting  opinions,  dangers  and 
commotion,  competent  to  lead  in  tlie  path  of  duty  or  aatety.    The  governor 
is  an  industrious,  prudent  man,  and  has  more  personal  influence  than  any  other. 
But  his  abilities  are  not  suited  to  the  situation  in  which  a  civil  war  would 
place  him.    Iam,&c.  .  „  .*^;.,  ;,r,,.  .„ri^'      A.B. 


'J 


4 ;  <  hi 


154 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


No.  vin. 


.imhent,  Mw  Sim^hire,  Feb.  23,  tW9. 

Sit^-'A  gentleman  going  direct  to  Canada,  affords  a  safe  and  favourable  op- 
portunity of  giving  you  aome  further  account  of  my  progress.  I  will  not  make 
use  bftne  post-offices,  when  I  can  avoid  it;  because  priVate  occasions  super- 
cede the  necessitv  of  writirtg  in  cypher.  And  the  contempt  of  decency  and 
principk,  which  mriAs  part  of  the  morals  of  the  subaltern  officers  of  a  de- 
mocracy, would  incline  them  to  break  a  seal  with  the  same  indifference,  that 
they  break  their  words,  when  either  cur|^ity  or  interest  is  to  be  indulged. 

I  have  not  Had  sufficient  time  hor  evidence,  to  enable  me  to  farm  aiuf  opinim 
Jortmftelf,  oftbe  lengths  to  w^ieh  the  ftjderal  party  will  carry  opposition  to 
the  national  government  in  the  event  of  a  war.  Much  may  be  inferred  from 
Hie  residt  of  tlie  elections  of  governors,  which  within  two  month:!  will  be  made 
in  the  states  of  Massacliusetts,  New  Hampshire,  and  Rhode  Island.  Prom  all 
I  know  and  all  I  can  learn  of  the  general  government,  I  am  not  apprehensive 
of  an  immediate  war.  Tlie  embargo  is  the  favourite  meaiure.  And  it  is  pro- 
>bable  that  other  means  will  be  eiitplOTed  to  excite  England  to  commit  some 
act  of  hostility,  for  tlw  sole  purpose  of  placing  the  responsibility  of  war  on  that 
country.  This  I  most  particularly  recommend  to  the  consideration  of  minis- 
ters. The  ditiad  of  opposition,  and  the  loss  of  popularity,  will  cert^nly  keep 
the  baling  party  at  Washington  inactive.— They  will  risk  any  thing  but  tlie 
loss  of  power  s  and  they  are  well  aware  that  their  power  would  pass  away 
with  the  fimt  calamity  whidi  their  measures  miglit  bring  upon  the  cinnimon 
people  (from  whom  uiat  power  emanates,)  unless  indeed  they  could  find  a 
sufficient  ejWLise  in  the  conduct  of  Great  Britain.  This  impression  cannot  he 
too  deeply  fflt  by  his  majesty's  ministers ;  nor  too  widely  spread  throughout 
the  British  nation.  It  will  furnish  a  sure  guide  in  eveiy  policy  that  may  be 
adopted  towards  the  United  S^tes.    I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

No.  IX. 

•f^  Boston,  March  5,1809. 

Sir— I  ai:.  favoured  with  another  opportunity  of  writing  to  you  by  a  private 
conveyance ;  and  ihiiik  it  probable,  at  this  season,  that  the  frequency  of  these 
will  render  it  unnecessary  to  write  to  you  in  cyplier. 

It  does  not  yet  appear  necessary  that  I  should  discover  to  any  person  tlie 
ptirpose  of  my  vinit  to  B6ston ;  nor  is  it  probable  that  I  shall  be  compelled,  for 
the  sake  of  gaining  more  knowledge  of  the  arrangements  of  the  federal  party 
in  these  states,  to  avow  myself  as  a  reg^nlar  authorized  agent  of  the  Britislv 
government,  even  to  those  individuals  who  would  fi^l  eqnally  bound  with 
myself  \o  preserve  with  the  utmost  inscrutability  so  important  a  secret  fVom 
tlie  public  eye. 

I  have  tt^cieni  meant  of  information  to  enable  me  to  judge  of  the  proper  period 
for  offerinff  the  co-operation  of  Great  Britain,  and  opening  a  correspomlonce  be- 
tween the  governor  gpnei'fA  of  British  .America  and  thote  indivifluatu,  who,  from 
the  part  t/ietf  take  in  the  opposidon  to  ttienational government,  or  tlie  injhtence  the;/ 
maypotteat  in  any  new  order  ofthinga,  that  may  grow  out  of  the  present  differ- 
ences,  should  be  qualified  to  act  on  behalf  of  the  northern  states. — ^An  ap- 
prehension of  any  such  state  of  things,  as  is  presupposed  by  these  remacks, 
begins  to  subside;  since  it  has  appeared,  by  the  conduct  of  the  genei-al  go- 
vernment, that  it  is  seriously  alarmed  at^the  menacing  attitude  of  ttie  nortlicm 
states.  But  although  it  is  believed  that  there  is  no  probability  of  an  immediate 
war,  yet  no  doubts  are  entertained,  tliat  Mr.  Madison  wiUftll  upon  some  new 
expedients  to  bring  about  hostilities.  What  these  may  be  can  only  he  deduced 
from  what  flppeant  to  be  practicable.  A  non-intercourse  with  England  and 
France  will  probably  supersede  the  embargo ;  which,  by  opening  with  the  rest 
of  Europe  a  partial  legitimate  commerce,  and  affording  strong  temptations  to 
that  which  is  illegal,  will  expose  the  vessels  to  capture,  detention  and  embar- 
rassment i  will  justify  tlie  preseni.  policy  {  and  produce  such  a  degree  of  irri- 
tation and  resentment  as  will  enable  tlie  government  of  this  country  to  throw 
the  whole  blame  and  I'esponsibility  of  war  from  its  own  shoulders  upon  tbostc 


THE  OUTB  BRANCH. 


155 


)er  period 
donee  be- 
jho,  from 
tence  then 
mt  differ- 

rema>"ks, 
neral  go- 
northern 
nmediate 
lome  new 
deduced 
land  and 
]i  the  rest 
[ations  to 
id  embar- 
te  of  iiTi- 
|to  throw 
ion  those 


«r  the  Britiah  miniftiy.  If  in  this,  the  party  Attached  to  France  ahould  c«lou« 
late  with  correctnesa,  and  the  commerce  of  New  Enghuid  would  greathr  luiTer 
—the  merchantt  being  injured  and  diacouraged,  would  not  only  aomiwtce  in 
the  reatriclivc  ajratema,  biit  even  aubmit  to  war.  On  the  other  hand,  ahould 
theamall  traffic  permitted  by  a  non'intercourae  law  be  lucrative  and  uninter- 
rupted, thepeipie  vmild  be  cUmmrmu  fur  more,  and  eoen  eempei  the  gwerumpnt 
to  reitere  the  friendly  reUuient  between  the  twe  ceunirie:  While  I  offer  my  opin- 
ion upon  thia  aubject,  I  cannot  but  expreaa  •  atrong  hope  that  if  amr  terms 
ahould  be  proposed  by  either  government,  to  which  the  other  might  think  pnv 
ptr  to  accede,  that,  A  PRINCIPAL  MOTIVE  TO  THE  ADJUSTMENT  OF 
DIFFERENCES  SHOULD  BE  UNDERSTOOD  TO  ARISE  FROM  THE 
AMICABLE  DISPOSITION  OF  THE  EASTERN  STATES,  FARTICULAH- 
LY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS.  THIS,  AS  IT  WOULD  IN- 
CREASE  THE  POPULARITY  OF  THE  FRIENDS  OF  GI|EAT  BRITAIN, 
COULD  NOT  FAIL  TO  PROMOTE  HER  INTERESTS.  If  it  could  not  be 
done  formally  and  officially,  nor  in «  correspondence  between  ministers,  still 
perhaps  the  administratiim  in  the  parliament  of  Great  Britain  might  take  that 

E-ound :  and  the  suggestion  woula  find  its  way  into  tlie  papers  both  in  Eng- 
nd  and  America.   ^ 

It  cannot  be  too  freqiiently  repeated,  that  this  country  can  only  be  governed 
and  directed  by  the  influence  of  opinion ;  as  there  is  nothing  permanent  in  its 
political  institutions;  nor  are  the  populace,  under  any  circumstanceH,  to  be 
relied  on,  when  measures  become  inconvenient  and  burdensome.  I  will  soon 
write  again,  uid  am,  &c  *      A.  B. 

No.X. 

Soiton,  March  7, 1809. 

Sir— T  have  now  ascertained,  with  as  much  accuracy  as  possible,  the  course 
intended  to  be  pursued  by  tlie  measures  and  politics  of  the  administration  of 
the  getieral  government. 

I  have  already  given  a  decided  opinion  that  a  declaration  of  war  is  not  to 
be  expected ;  but,  contrary  to  all  reasonable  calculation,  should  the  rongress. 
possess  spirit  and  independence  enough  to  place  their  popularity  in  jeopardy 
by  so  strong  a  measure,  THE  LEGISLATURE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 
WILL  GIVE  THE  TONE  TO  THE  NEIGHBOUKIN&  STATKS;  MILL 
DECLARE  ITSELF  PERMANENT  UNTIL  A  NEW  ELECTION  OF  MKM- 
BERS;  INVITE  A  CONGRESS,  TO  BE  COMPOSED  OF  DELEGATES 
FROM  THE  FEDERAL  STATES,  AND  ERECT  A  SEPARATE  GOVERN- 
MENT FOR  THEIR  COMMON  DEFENCE  AND  COMMON  IN TEUEST. 

Tliis  congress  would  probably  begin  by  abrogating  the  offensive  laws,  :.iid 
adopting  a  plan  for  the  maintenance  of  the  power  and  authority  thus  assumed. 
Theif  vould  bj/  each  an  act  be  in  a  condition  to  make  or  receive  proposals  from 
Great  Britain  ,•  and  I  should  seize  the  first  moment  to  open  a  correspondence 
with  your  excellency.  Scarce  any  other  aid  would  be  necessary,  and  perhaps 
none  required,  than  ft  few  vessels  of  war  fhtm  the  Halifax  station,  to  protect 
the  maritime  towns  from  the  little  navy  which  is  at  the  disposal  of  the  nation- 
al government.  What  permanent  connexion  between  Great  Britain  and  this 
section  of  the  republic  would  grow  out  of  a  civil  commotion,  such  as  might  be 
expected,  no  person  is  prepared  to  describe.  But  it  seems  that  a  strict  alli- 
ance must  result  of  necessity.  At  present  the  opposition  party  confine  their 
calculations  merely  to  resistance ;  and  I  can  assure  you  that  at  this  moment 
they  do  not  freely  entertain  the  project  of  withdrawing  the  eastern  stites  from 
the  union,  finding  it  a  very  unpopular  topic ;  although  a  course  of  events, 
such  as  I  have  already  menticnra,  would  inevitably  produce  an  incurable  alie- 
nation of  tlie  New  England  trorn  the  southern  states.  The  truth  is,  the  com- 
mon people  have  so  long  reganied  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  with 
complacency,  that  they  are  now  pnly  disposed  in  this  quarter  to  treat  it  like 
a  truant  mistress,  whom  they  would  for  a  time  put  away  on  a  separate  main- 
tenance, but,  without  farther  and  greater  provocation,  lyould  not  absolutely 
repudiate. 

It  will  soon  be  known  in  what  situation  public  affairs  are  to  remain  until 
the  meeting  of  the  new  congress  in  May,  at  which  time  also  this  legislature 


i<' 


\  ^a 


mn 


136 


TBE  OLTVB  BRANCH. 


will  «g«in  Mtemble.    The  two  montha  that  'Mmmm  will  be  «  period  of  much 
anxiety. 
In  all  I  have  w^ritten,  I  have  been  oareAil  not  to  inake  any  impicMkin  analo. 

K on  to  the  entliutiaatic  cpnfidence  entertiuRedi  by  the  oppoaitScfi,  nor  to  the 
pec  and  espectaliont  that  animate  the  friends  of  an  aflianoe  between  the 
nor;'';.m  sutet  and  Great  Britain.  I  have  abvtraoled  mvself  finom  all  the  sym. 
pat^ien  theae  are  cuieulated  to  ii^apire ;  bec«iiae»  notwithstundinff  that  I  feet 
the  utnioiit  confideuoe  in  the  integrity  of  intention  of  the  leading  ehMraotera  in 
thif.  po'.'iiical  drama,  1  cannot  forget  that  they  derive  their  power  from  a  gr^ddy, 
int. jnstant  multitude;  who,  unloMuithe  inatanoe  under  consideration  th^ 
from  an  exception  to  all  general  rules  and  experience,  will  act  inconsistently 
and  absurdly.    Iam«lic.  A.  B. 

No.  XI. 

Strain  my  letter  No.  9, 1  took  the  liberty  to  expresa  my  opinion  of  the  pro* 
bable  effect  of  the  Rjn4ntercourse  law  intended  to  be  enacted ;  and  of  the 
niude  by  which  Great  Britain  may  defeat  the  real  intention  of  Uie  American 
{government  in  passing  it.  But  as  the  sort  of  impunity  recommended  might, 
in  its  anplicutioii  to  every  species  of  commerce  that  would  be  carried  on,  be 
dtiemed  by  Gi-eat  Briuin  a  grenter  evil  than  war  itself,  a  middle  coiirae  might 
easily  be  adopted,  which  would  deprive  France  of  the  benefit  resulting  mm 
an  intercourse  with  Aaierica,  without,  in  any  great  dqpee,  irritating  the  mari* 
time  states. 

The  liiglr  price  of  all  American  produce  in  Frap<«  furnishes  a  temptation 
which  mercantile  avjarice  will  be  unable  tc  resisu  The  consequence  is  ob< 
vious.  But  if  -instead  of  condemning  the  vessels  and  cargoes  which  may  be 
arrested  in  pursuing  this  prohibited  commerce,  they  should  be  r.ompellea  to 
go  into  a  British  port,  and  there  permitted  to  sell  them,  I  think  tlie  friends  of 
Englimd  in  these  states,  woulrl  not  utter  a  complaint.  Indeed,  I  have  no  doubt, 
that  i^  in  the  prosecution  of  a  lawful  voyage,  ihe  British  cruizers  should  treat 
American  ships  in  this  manner,  their  owners  would  in  the  present  state  of  the 
European  markets,  think  themselves  very  fortunate:  as  it  would  save  them 
the  trouble  and  expense  of  landing  them  in  a  neutral  port,  and  from  thence 
re-ship  them  to  England,  now  the  best  market  in  Eun^  for  the  produce  of 
this  country.— Tiie  government  of  the  United  States  would  oroDably  com- 
plain, and  Bonaparte  become  peremptory ;  but  even  that  woulu  only  tend  to 
render  the  opiNuilion  in  tiie  nortlierti  states  more  resolute,  and  accelerate  the 
dtssoluiion  of  the  conftfleracy.  Tlie  generosity  and  justice  of  Great  Britaip 
woiilri  be  extolled,  and  the  commci-ciul  states  exult  in  the  success  of  indivi- 
duals over  a  government  inimical  to  commerce,  and  to  whose  measures  they 
cun  no  longer  uubmit  with  patient  Hcquiescence. 

Tlie  elections  are  begun ;  and  1  pitssume  no  vigilance  or  industry  will  be 
rimitted  to  insm-e  the  success  ol  the  federal  party.    I  am,  &c  A.  Jk 

I*.  S.  Intell;gence  has  reached  Boston,  that  a  non-intercourse  law  ivxa  ac- 
tiLHlly  passed,  and  lliat  M:u'tiuique  lias  surrendered  to  the  British  forces. 

No.  XU. 

Bolton,  JUarchU,  1^9. 

8ir— You  will  perceive  from  the  accounts  that  will  reach  you  in  the  public 
papers  both  from  Washington  and  Masxacluisetts,  that  the  federalists  of  the 
northern  states  have  succee<lcd  in  ni.nkiiig  the  congress  believe,  that  with  such 
an  (>pposition  as  they  would  make  to  the  general  go\emment,  a  war  must  be 
confined  to  their  own  territory,  and  might  be  even  too  much  for  that  govern- 
ment to  sustain.  The  consequence  is,  that  afler  all  the  parade  •  ul  menaces 
witli  which  the  session  ctimmeiiced,  it  lias  been  suffered  to  ena  without  car- . 
rytng  into  eflect  any  of  the  plans  of  the  adininixtratioii,  except  the  interdiction 
ofcommercialintercourse  with.  England  and  France— «n  event  that  was  an- 
ticipated in  my  former  lotters. 

Under  what  new  circuimtanccs  the  congress  will  meet  in  May,  will  depend 
on  the  state  elections,  and  the  r'.ianges  tliat  may  in  tlic  mean  time  take  place 
in  Europe.  With  regard  to  Great  Britain,  she  can  scarce  mistake  her  tnie 
policy  in  relation  to  America.    If  peace  be  the  first  object,  every  act  which 


caiin 
dispoi 
basani 
grmd 

NNMfA 

tJMia 
pdthii 
enemy. 


^fiettd 


latter  a 
too  obv 
iateiMt 


Otpnt 
fittiKt  a 
only  t«  I 
oonsume 
in  this  c( 
wai^-tha 

•ffansttl 

tfanyae 

AtaU 

Great  1^ 


tmvtuiem 
Altboui 
of  this  e« 
tbevhavtt 
«si*Biy», 
mirdlrarJ 


ShwSin 

tbyofaooi 

The  hut 

«*5tionof 
ThefMi 
of  Shout  1( 
cmnexiona, 
■"Wity. 
bConne 
In  Rhode 
member  I  a 
oftbecoum 
liiMessa 
Afijww 
ofpartles, 
nieasureup 
■ition  to  the 
New  Enghu 
enemies)]  a<i 
consider  th( 
peace,  hav< 
■uccessorw 
«ent  to  war. 
tion"  to  be  i 


cm  brlMe  ^muAsim  MIm  oocIm  t»  %r  MPoUbd  i  beoMM  tlw  {MMViiliaff 
dii|MMMen  of  thaw  will  gancnlly  M  wAeiMit  to  kaap  the  gomenuMai  ft«m 
iMuMidingMgrlMitttt  OMMmn.    JTa  «Nr I4Mn« UhMrtaa  «MlJV«Mnr<4e  a 

HNwf  J*  OiMNw^  witteh  wUl  IMV«  the  dnnoanii  writMt «  pMi«il>fMr  hMtdi. 


tint  and mmptrta, whtwe ■■■■Joiw w> tw> h»tfcr ddiy  wHI, priihribli rCW* 
|wl  thii  fai»Miiiiwia46  <itc>iMi^di  «»f  tiM  twotfreM  briMjttwau  totptrt  il» 

fMwnMMfiiMw  ^  an  aJhw"  stf*  MaM  tKflwMaMv  i  flMilftnMMi*'<ieiiMiUiiMiiiHt  Am 

nulkim,  mud  ttmiUutt  tht  mriktm/iinpU.  ThtroraMraitbMBnouUunltatlw 
kttar  a  oonunereial  people.  The  mode  of  cheering  end  depieuing  eithv  is 
too  obvtotti  to  nqv^ic  ittuitntion.  This,  I  am  aware,  it  an  obieet  of  much 
intoMt  in  GMli  Bvit«ini  «  U  rtmlUjirtmer  Humn  tit  imtgritg  tfki$  mtfUl^t 

tkepnttmjtfi^Utra^m^ktArmiiUa,  mitt«Mmda$  iMwA  M^/trc* «•  Ma <^ 
/mmw  f^G^vitf  JMaJM^  WMT  e«lpN<»*  •■«  m  rwArtdL  But  it  ifranjOl|{eGt 
only  to  be  trained  by  alow  and  cireuaMpeotpaowrwiom  and  leqi^iw  fiir  its 
oontumq^tion  awe  atten^i  to  the  aiftira  whicn  agitato  and  ewite  parties 
in  thia  countvy»  than  Great  Britain  haa  yet  beatowed  upon  it  An  un|iil>|Mlsr 
war— that  is,  a  war  produced  b7  the  hatred  and  prejuoicea  of  one  psr^bnt 
•gainat  ths  eonaont  of  the  other  party,  can  alone  pcoduoe  s  nddnsepenUon 
cf  any  aeotion  of  thia  countnr  firom  the  cemmon  head. 

At  all  Ofenta,  it  cannot  be  nuoeaaaiy  to  the  preaemtion  of  peaces  that 
Great  Bvitafaianoiddaiidu  any  neat  oonoeaaion  at  ttepment  moment  i  mure 
upedaOg  w  tht  m$rt  b^trumt  aumgm  that  tenor  inEunpt  mtght  rmtitr  it  im 
eomimikMjm'kee'intdherefamfH^iidHtioiu  inpntmi^umttriatmuMmtuuifit*' . 

Although  the  non4ntereourBSbw8fib(ds  but  a  paitial  talief  to  the  pcopis 
of  tliia  country  from  the  evils  of  that  enUro  soapension  of  cvuaeree  to  whidt 
they  have  leluetantly  auhadtted  ibr  aon»  time  peat,  lUmeitt  *lm  rtpeat  ^  Ms 
tmkargt  t  btemm  U-ma»  ealetdaffd  <•  oaoalrraie  tkt  prtgreu  ^  thete  tkUtt  t—' 
vardt  a  r&mlMhit  that '.mild  have  pyt  aa  9Hd  H  lie  mt^refubHe  fftof  fsmaiwi. 
(•frnethtuag9<mit$Kmt/»ti>ubd0Hpttltifiid0futiltgiane*ittina  matm  ^trt^i 
a(  <SMf  «t{|tcMll)y,  e/-  i«  etUaitated  f  iiumi  either  etcvritji  tr  ht^nett  te  a  peM^f, 

lam, fiu:.  At  o»'"'^ 

N0.XIII.  ' 

AttM,M»tk»^\90SC 

Sir— 9inee  my'ktter  of  the  13th,  nothing  has  oocurxcd  which  I  thougbt  wop* 
tbyof  a  bommunieation. 

The  laat  week  of  thia  month  and  the  first  of  April  will  be  occupied  }n  thft 
election  of  govemo  ra  and  other  executive  oificera  m  the  New  Bn|pand  slstss* 

J 'he  federal  candidate  in  New  Hampriure  is  sbeadv  elected  by  s  int|oifi^ 
bout  1000  votea.  His  competitor  was  a  man  of  large  fortune,  extcaimi 
cwmezions,  and  inoflemuve  mannara.  These  account  fiir  the  tmallnws  mjiit 
majority. 

m  Connecticut,  no  chvwe  is  necesiary  i  and  none  u  to  be  apprehended^     ^ 

In  Rhode  bhuid,  it  is  of  no  consequence  of  what  patty  the  governor  is  a 
member  t  aa  he  has  neither  eivil  nor  militaiy  power,  being  m«nelypre«dcnt 
of  the  council. 

In  Massachusetts,  it  is  certiun  that  the  federal  candidate  will  succeed. 

A  tew  weeks  will  be  suiBciontin  order  todStermine  the  lelative  s^ength 
of  parties,  and  convince  Mr.  Madiaon  that  a  war  with  Omt  Brttam  is  not  • 
measure  upon  which  he  dare  venture.  Since  the  plan  of  an  organised  cmpo- 
sition  to  the  nrc))ect8  of  Mr.  Jefferson  waa  put  into  opentkm,  the  iriiole  or  the 
New  Enq;lana  states  have  transfinTed  their  political  power  to  his  political 
enemies  i  ahd  the  reason  that  he  haa  still  so  many  adherents  is,  that  tboae  who 
consider  the  only  true  policy  of  America  to  con|ist  :h  the  eultivatiOa  of, 
peace,  have  atifl  great  confidence,  that  oothbig  pan  fierce  him  (or  his 
successor  who  acta  up  to  his  ayatem,  or  rather  is  governed  by  it)  to  con- 
senttowar.  They  conaider  all  the  menaces  and  *'dreadfiil  note  of  prepanu 
tioa"  to  be  a  mere  fineis^  intended  only  to  obtain  ooncessioni  fiom  Engbaid 

S 


'^1^ 


'*i* 


1S8  TOE  OitlYB  BRANCS. 

on  ohMo  tep«tt.   ProMCMVjrNrtflt  •vliMMi»  Iconftw!  anmyMlf  of  thi 
MUM  «|nnk>n  i  md  «■!/«%  ptrituuM  $kut  ik:  f:**^^  ■whhh  Aa»  tten  atHug  ^ 


TAIN  TO POftTKR lliVISieNa HVT  VP^&N  I^  KXJTti  \  .A SOUTRi 

{#to  Aor  mtm  ^ir^iffU  in 


tmd  tjt  MCMMtfiy  in  t¥K  iftt  mr^v  euffjf  huf  eJ/M  htr  9tm  pts^ntni  in 


iMii,  &i\  A.  B< 

No.  XIV. 

Shf^  i»«nd  to  M^.  R. »  pamphlet  crt'tled  **  SuppictutctJ  i)oeu?iitnti.''  The 
notM  Mid  ronmento  «f»r?  written  by ttci  g«ntl«nt>an  who  hH  writttn  tiM 
**  uwlvai^**  which  I  sent  bj  «  {firmer  convey i^ncii .  'Tli«i6  vortui  have  Mfttfjr 
•contHbuttd  to  exeite  the  fan  f  f  tnt  men  of  taien  '  ;  itd  prai:««rty  1  who  now 
fintfiir  the ihantg ^matHUiMHg  their pa^tti %  (,«m reatttane»  end  fimd ttpurt- 
ftvn,  (n  tm  alitftnoe  with  France,  «n«l  a  ww  wiui  Bngtond.  80  th«t  thould  the 
)SOv«rt>iriwnt  onexjfwotedly  and  contnnnr  to  all  reaMNiable  ealcuhrtton,  attempt 
to  iavolvc  the  oountrv  in  a  meaaure  of  that  naMire*  I  am  convinced  (now  that 
tK^  eleeti>na  have  all  terminated  fiivourably)  that  nmu  •/  tfte  ^fbm  BufUmd 
tta'et  would  be  a  parttf  in  tti^Bnt,  M  I  have  repeatedly  written,  the  general 
g^tv^nNnent  doea  not  aerioaaly  entertain  any  such  deaire  or  intention.  Had 
tiiemajori^  in  tite  Vew  England  statea  continiwd  to  approve  of  the  public 
meaawvt,  H  la  extrettdy  probable  tt;»t  Great  Britain  woiud  now  have  to  ehooie 
between  War  and  eonecssion.  But  the  aspect  of  thiiwa  in  this  reapect  is  chai^ 
•d  I  and  a  wir  would  produce  an  incviinble  alienation  of  the  eaatem  states, 
and  bring  the  whole  country  in  8ob'>rdination  to  the  interest  of  England, 
MllNt  navg  tmUdpreeeriie  and  en^ee  the  tetme  uptn  vMch  the  cemmtrekuttmtt 
t/kndd  tarry  and  the  agrieulniral  ttaiee  axferi  their  eurpbiepreduee.  All  this 
la  <w  well  «nown  to  the  democrata  as  to  the  other  party.  Therefore  they  will 
•void  a  wai^  at  leait  until  the  whole  liatinn  is  unanimous  for  it.  Still  when 
,WBeabaiderof  whet  materials  the  govemmeitt  isformedt'  it  ia  impossible  to 
apisak  with  any  certainty  of  their  measures.  Tiie  past  adminiatrntion  in  every 
traniaetion  presents  to  the  mind  oniyia  muddy  commixture  of  folly,  wetkneis, 
■nd  dtipliei^.  Tlte  spelH  by  which  the  nations  of  £urope  have  been  rendered 
inert' end  mcflieient  when  they  attempted  to  iihake  it  oft;  haa  stretehed  its 
ahadows  across  the  Atlantic,  and  made  a  majoritjf  ^f  the  people  of  theee  itate» 
mSkcUikd  te  duty  tmd  te  their  tmerettt. 

I  f  m,  &e.  A.  Bi 

Wo.  XV. 

Settont^prit^  1909. 

Sif^Since  my  letter  "So.  14, 1  have  had  but  litde  to  oommnnieate. 

I  nave  not  yet  been  able  to  ascertain  with  sufficient  accuracy  the  relative 
slreii^  of  the  two  parties  in  the  Legislative  bodies  in  New  England. 
"^  In  all  Of  these  states,  hoNvever,  governors  have  been  elected  out  of  the  federat 
party;  and  even  the  soutliem  papers  indicate  an  unexpected  augmentation  of 
foderal  members  in  tlie  next  congfress. 

The  oorresiMndence  between  Mr.  Brskine  and  the  secretary  of  state  at  Wasli- 
ingtoii,  you  will  have  seen  befm  tiiis  Can  reach  you.  It  has  given  mnch  satis- 
frctionto  the  federal  party  here;  becnuse  it  promises  an  exemption  from  the 
evil  they  most  feared  (a  war  with  Fnpfland)  and  justifies  their  partiality  to- 
wards <%reat  Britaiit  which  they  maintain  was  founded  upon  a  fiiU  convictioH 
of  her  justice  and  sincere  disposition  to  preserve  peace.  Even  the  democrats 
affect  to  be  satisfied  with  it;  because,  as  tliey  insist,  it  proves  the  efficacy  ot 
the  restrictive  system  of  Mr.  Jefferson. 

But  the  great  bonefit  thAt  will  probably  result  fi-om  it,  will  be,  that  Uonii- 
parte  may  be  induced  to  fi>rce  this  country  iirom  her  neutral  position. '  BafHeti 
in  his  attempt  to  exclude  fi^m  this  continent  the  manufactures  of  tireat  Bri- 
tain, he  will  most  likely  confiscate  all  American  property  in  his  dominions  ami 
dependencies,  and  declare  war.    Nothing  coidd  more  uian  this  contribute  to 


THE  OLflTB  BBANCH. 


119 


glMinitMnMMdfWbUitytotlMBritlriipMr^.  n*  itniilitu$  Mtmimmt  ^ 
thtftttlMmwrnMieJirgitlM  in  At  mmlmmit^ ^  p»ifk  (Ufuhm  FtamMt 
aad  liMsr  would  Mon  be  vcaned  fW>m  thktattiduMal  toliw  idUoh  ii  feiMidaA 
on  th«  «h1  tltet  wu  rendeicd  to  aeptnte  from  the  OMtlMr  oountijr. 

While  Great  Britain  waiu  for  this  natuNL  J  .mMit  tay  aeoeuanr  rei^dt  of 
the  nefotlation.  would  It  not  be  ealhewiy  Inespeaient  to  eooeluQe  •  treaty 
with  we  Amenean  govetiunent  i  Every  tort  of  evidenoe  md  esperitnoe  pr<iwc^ 
that  tile  democrats  consider  their  fielitieal  sinsndWicy  In  a  fMi*  iheaoire  dc* 
|Mada«t  upoa  the  hostile  spirit  that  thev  eah  kee^eUvetewMdeOfeaitBritiriiit 
and  rseeni  create  denHMMtsate  that  their  eondmet  will  be  piedioelad  iipaii  tbib 
comriotion.  It  is  thetefere  not  to  be  eipected  tiut  they  will  eseet  f^th  oor« 
lespondhig  frelings  a  sincere  disposition  on  the  part  of  BegfauMl  to  adHuat  all 
matters  hi  .*^te.  They  are  at  heart  imfftWed  and  diaappointsd  to  find 
that  Great  BrK.^in  has  been  in  advanoe  of  the  French  government  in  taking  ad* 
vaetage  of  the  pnMrisional-  ofanisee  of  the  non-imereeiirae.law.  And  if  they 
shew  any  spirit  at  the  next  session  of  Congress  tiMvids  Fnnee»  it  will  be  onj^r 
beeaose  they  wiU  find  Bonaparte  deaf  to  eotrea^,  and  inscasibieof  iiast  h* 
voursi  or  that  they  may  think  it  saAr  to  flost  with  the  tideof  public  feeUnge 
which  will  set  stronsly  ageinst  him*  unless  he  keq»  pari  passu  with  England 
in  a  eoneiliatoiy  policy. 

When  r  began  my  letter,  I  bitendcd  to  make,  some  observations  in  relatioa 
ta  the  boundary  line— [Here  10  or  12  lines  of  the  manuscript  are  erased  ] 

I  am,  Sic.  A.  /B. 

No.  XVI. 

jBmIm,  .Uiw  «,  1809.^, . 
-  8i»->Although  Ike  recent  cbsnges  that  have  occurred  quiet  afi  a|q»rdbsii» 
sions  of  wari  and  coiuequently  lessen  otf  hope  ^a  teparation  vf  the  ttatet,  I 
think  it  necessary  to  transmit  by  thesnail  offeedi  week  a  sketch  of  passing  events. 

On  local  polltws  I  hiive  nothing  to  add  t  and  as  the  parade  that  is  made  in 
the  Nationail  IhtelliMMer  of  the  abiceredispositionof  Mr.  MaUson  to  jtarestfve 
imicable  rdatkins  with  Great  Britain  ish^  myopiidon  calculated  tqaenJuit 
vigiUnce  and  distriist  ratiier  than  hispire  eonndenee,  E  shall  (hpiHng  nothing 
more  iimrartant  to  write  about)  take  leave  to  examine  his.mouves.  I  am  not 
Mift>i'ised  at  his  eonditi6nal  removitf  of  the  JMntxfaitereourse  law  wl^  ic^ect  to 
Great  Britiiin,  because  it  wes  made  inotimbent  oh  him  by  the  act  of  eomfreas  t 
but  the  observations  made  on  his  friendiy  dispositkme  towards  Great  Britdn 
are  a  matter  of  no  little  astonishment  Tlie  whole  tenor  of  his  political  life 
directly  and  unequivocally  contradicts  them.  His  speech  on  the  British  trentr 
in  '95-4ihi  attempt  to  pass  a  law  for  the  conftscatioh  of  "  British  debts^  and 
British  property-~his  commercial  i^solutions,  {[founded  apparently  en  an  idea 
of  making  Americfi  usefoil  as  a  colony  to  Franee^is  conduct  while  secretary 
of  8tate--all  form '  an  asaemblage  of  probabilities  tending  to  oonvinee  me  at 
least  that  he  dees  not  seridusbr  desire  a  treaty  in  which  the  rights  and  preten* 
sions  of  Great  Britain  would  be  favly  re<iog(iised.  It  seems  impossible  ^t 
he  should  at  once  divest  hhnself  of  his  habitual  animositv  and  that  pride  of 
opinion,  which  hisoreaent  situation  enables  him  to  indulge  t  but  above  aU* 
that  he  should  deprive  his  friends  and  supporters  of  tiie  benefit  of  those  pre* 
judiees  whioh  have  been  carefully  fosterea  in  the  minds  of  the  common  peq>le 
towards  England,  and  whkh  have  so  materially  contributed^to  iiivigorate  and 
augment  the  democratio  party.  Whatever  his  real  mbtives  may  M,  it  is  iit 
this  stage  of  the  affair  harmless  enough  to  enquire  into  the  cause  of  the  sfpiU 
rent  change.  He  probably  acts  under  a  conviction,  that  in  the  preamt  tdmer 
of  the  eastern  states  a  war  coiild  not  fidl  to  produce  a  dissolution  of  tbe'vnion; 
or  he  may  have  profited  by  the  mistakes  of  his  predecessor  t  and  is  inclined  to 
seize  the  present  tmpertnnity  to  prove  to  the  world  that  he  is  determine^  to 
be  the  president  of  a  nation  rather  than  the  head  of  a  faction  t  or  %t  bao-pro^ 
bably  gone  thus  far  to  remove  the  impression  on  the  mind  of  many,  ^u^Jte  waa 
under  the  influence  of  France,  in  order  that  he  may  with  a  better  (RlMiR»)Hi&  on 
more  tenable  grounds  quarrel  with  Great  Britain  in  the  progreav  <»  negioftiating 
a  treaty.  Wliatever  his  motives  may  be,  I  am  very  eeriiin  biaparty  will  not 
support  him  in  any  manly  and  generous  policy.— Weak  men  are  suit  to  tem- 


t-.A 


uo 


THBOUVE  UUNCH. 


parilwvlMnsrMttfQnti  Mil  upon  thtmibr  dteiikmi  md  ii«  9hig|^h  $ni 
ImrtattlMnMNMMwhMillMwontof  tviliii  iiiMtion.  TbbktlM  ehme- 
tiror.tlMdMMMntiinUM  ndrthMB  itaiw.  Of  Umn  of  th*  Muth  I  know 
butlitti& 

Ian,l(o.  \A*I. 

No.  xvn. 

«M<MH  Mat  S^  l*09^v 

•Ip^MylMtwwmidardirtaortbeAthiMt  t    ^ 

Tlw  MiMMpaeled  «hugt  wbkii  Km  takm  dImm  in  the  teUngi  of  poUUod 
men.  in  ih)»  conntty  In  conwqmnco  of  Mr.  Madlwo's  |>rompt  Moopiuwe  of 
tho  frJMwUy  ppopowit  of  Grant  Britain  haa  CMUcd  •  temponury  wiaiMMion  of 
tiM  eodUatof  nrtinni  and  tbay  both  refardbim  with  equal  wondar  and  d». 
tnut  They  all  aaetibfthia  wmduet  to  varioua  niotivet:  but  nooo  boUova  bim 
MbolnenrMit. 

The  atataof  Ntw^Totk  has  returned  to  the  aaaemblvn  minority  of  ftderfl 
membert.  All  tbla  provea  that  an  anti'«ommereial  raotion  cannot  rule  tlie 
conwieroial  itatoa.  Two  montha  ago  the  atate  of  New>York  waa  not  ranked 
aoMN^  tJie  atatea  that  would  adopt  the  poliev  of  that  of  Maaaaduuctta;  and 
any  ikvourahle  chango  waa  exceedisf^y  probknatieaL 

I  beg  leave  to  auffgeat  that  in  the  prevent  aute  of  tiiioga  in  thia  country  my 
Maaeneeean  contribute  venr  little  to  the  intereat  of  Great  Britain.  If  Mr. 
fiwkine  be  aanetioned  in  all  he  haa  conceded*  by  hia  migcaty'a  nyniatcra,  it  >• 
uaneceaaary  for  roe,  as  indeed  it  woukl  be  unavailing*  to  m»e  aiiv  attempt  to 
carry  into  efi'eot  the  original  purpoaea  of  my  miiaion.  While  I  think  it  to  be 
my  duty  to  give  thb  bitimation  to  you,  I  beg  it  may  be  undemtood  tlwt  I  con* 
tntr  myadf  entirely  M  the  diapoaal  of  hia  nu^jeaty's  govenuncat    1  am,  Bic 

No.  xvai 

*JUbrjreait  June  19,  iO09. 

Bir^  have  tho  hoi>dur  to  Infitrm  your  rseellency  thai  |  received,  through 
Mr.  aeereury  Rybnd,  your  exoellency's  commanda  to  i^tum  to  Canada  i  aiid 
after  the  delays  incident  to  this  aeaaonof  the  year,  in  a  JQumev  from  Boston, 
arrived  here'yeaterdmr. 

Yoor  esoMkney  wdl  have  seen  by  the  iwpcra  of  thf  Jateiit  dates  from  the 
UnitedStates,  that  a  fiftraidalde  oppoaitkm  i»alr»ady  organiud  in  oongrcu  to 
the  lati^  measuraa  of  Mr.  Mr<disoti ;  sad  it  is  very  «VidcrM  that  if  be  be  sincere 
in  hia  professions  of  attaehnent  to  Great  Britain,  hia  party  Will  abandon  him. 
Sixty-one  aaembera  have  abeady  voted  ag«i0:><  a  resomtion  to  approve  of  what 
Ike  has  done  t  and  I  have  no  doubt  the  rest  of  the  democratic  par^  will  fol< 
low  the  example,  aa  soon  aa  they  recover  from  the  aatouiahment  into  which 
bis  apparent  oefection  haa  thrown  them. 

The  present  hcnes  of  the  ibdenlisto  are  founded  on  the  probability  of  a  war 
with  France ;  but,  at  all  events,  thia  party  ia  strong  and  well  organited  enough 
to  pre\-ent  a  war  with  Enghuid.  It  would  now  be  superfluous  40  trouble  your 
excellency  with  an  account  of  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  arrattiji'ementt  math 
b^  the  J'eiienU  parijf  f  retkt  (  y  attempt  q/*  the  gtnemmmt  wtflamimMe  to 
Grtat  Jtritain.  They  were  aucb  as  do  great  credit  to  tliar  ability  and  princi* 
ples)  and  while  1  judicioua  policy  ia  observed  bv  Great  Britain,  seeuf«  Iter  in. 
terests  in  America  fh>m  decay.    My  fear  of  inauoing  a  fidse  security  on  the 

Crt  of  hia  mtyesty's  government  in  their  eflBciencv  and  eventual,  success,  may 
veiMdined  me  to  rnraia  from  doing  them  that  juatioe  in  my  fimner  letten, 
which  I  wttlingly  express. 

I  trust  your  excellency  will  ascribe  the  style  and  manner  of  my.communiea* 
tiona  and  the  frequent  ambiguities  introduced  in  tbens  as  arising  from  the  se* 
orcqr  necessary  to  be  observed,  and  my  conaoinusness  tlmt  yoa  understood  my 
■■^finf  on  the  most  deiicate  points  without  risking  a  particular  explanation. 
I  hment  that  no  occasion  conmiensivate  to  my  wishea  haa  permiti^  me  to 
prove  how  much  1  ndue  Hye  confidence  of  your  excellency  and  the  approba. 
ti(«  abeady  enweaaed  by  hw  majesty's  minister.  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  be. 
'      (Signed)  JOHN  HENKY. 


■y  ■ 


THE  OUVE  VRASCtt* 


tu 


#'  Na  XIX. 

JIfi'.  JMMtf  M  J|*>.  /.  JMhryb  IttM^  M09. 

Ul^4mt  ■ii^Tba  limB  wc  hjive  reeehradthis  d^  from  iht  UnUtd  itirtM 
wai,  I  {iMfiMf^WQii  Win|r  you  buck  to  iu<  and  if  jrou  arriTa  at  MoAlnal  by 
UiamiddlaofJuMb  I  ahiul  probably  have  thapleaMira  of  ncatinf  jrou  tbsNu 
at  lamgobif  up  with  ttr  Jamm  Md  a  larga  aitita.  Tha  last  ktttra  Metivad' 
Anm  jrmi  aiw  to  tha  13th  Apr  ' .  the  whole  are  now  tranieriUrtf  Ibr  tWpur. 
poM  of  being  aant  home,  where  <ihqfMiHMf>bflffdW^fyw«jTMlerfiJlf,  and 
Im»»i  tiiitm^ktfetktifmaf«vMimlfgetnlriiittet»ifmirp«rmatitntadvm^^ 
Itianotnaemaiy  to  ivpaat  the  aaauraneea  that  no  effbrt  withtai  the  oonqiaae 
of  my  power  shall  be  wantbif  to  tbia  end. 

Jtimerml}s*u$^f9fMtiatthtidtatifM  Rngbmd tmekHng  f  tueha  <ir< 
hated  and  aceuned gmrnnmnt  a»  that  9f  the  United  Statu, 

I  am  greativ  oblind  to  you  for  the  trouble  you  have  taken  in  pwcarfag  tho 
boflfkat  though  if  ijpain  1UI%  1  aball  Maraely  have  heart  to  kwk  tato  fbem. 
1  can  add  no  more  now,  but  that  I  am  moat  haartily  and  aflbctiooately  youra* 
(SirnM)  H.  W.R. 

J.HimytEeq.BnteH, 

\    No.  XX.  » 

Mr.  Rjfiand  f  Mr.  Hmrv,  dated  4th  Mbtft  1809. 
My  dear  air— You  munt  cotuider  the  anort  letter  I  wrote  you  by  the  last  post 
u  altogether  unofHcial :  but  I  am  now  to  intimate  to  you  in  a  more  formal  man* 
ner  our  hope  of  your  speedy  return,  as  the  object  of  your  journey  seems,  for 
tlie  present  at  leaat,  to  be  at  an  end.  We  have  London  newa  by  way  of  the  ri> 
Ver  up  to  the  6th  6f  March,  which  tallies  to  a  day  with  what  we  have  received 
by  the  way  of  the  states.  Heartily  wishing  you  a  safe  and  speedy  journey 
back  to  ua, 

I  am,  my  dear  air,  most  siaoerely  yours, 

(Siened)  H.  W.  R. 

Have  the  goodnesa  to  bring  my  hooka  with  you,  though  I  shall  have  little 
spirit  to  lode  into  them  unless  you  bring  good  news  ftom  Spain. 

No.  XXI. 

JMi'.  Iftnr^t  Memerinl  te  Lcrd  Ltverpeol,  etwletedin  atetter  to  Mr.  Peel^  rf  the 

13*h  JvHUt  1811,  vith  a  cepy  tf  that  letter. 
The  imderaigned  moat  respectfully  submits  the  following  statement  and  me- 
moriifl  to  the  Earl  of  liverpool. 

Long  before  and  during  the  administration  of  your  lordship's  predecessor, 
the  undersigned  bntowed  much  personal  attention  to  the  state  of  parties  and 
to  the  political  meaaurea  iii  the  United  States  of  America. 
[Here  is  an  eraoure  of  about  four  lines.] 

Soon  after  the  afbir  of  the  Chesapeake  frinte,  when  liis  majesty's  governor 
general  of  British  America  had  reaaon  to  befieve  that  the  two  countriA  would 
be  involved  in  a  war,  and  had  eukmttedto  hie  nutjeet^e  mimsteri  the  arrange- 
menu  ef  the  Enftiih  part}/  in  the  United  Statet  for  an  ejiicient  retittance  te  the 
general ffwemmentt  which  -metdd  prodabfy  terminiOe  in  a  teparatioh  ^  the  ner- 
tltern  ttalet  fiem  the  general  can/edenuy,  he  applied  to  the  underaigiied  to  un- 
dertake a  mtssion  to  Boston,  vlwre  the  vhole  emeertu  of  the  efipeeitien  vmre 
matMged.  The  etrfeet  of  the  miuion  wae  to  promote  and  encourage  the  fedtreX 
partjf  to  retitt  the  meaturet  of  the  genertU  government ;  (•  ofitr  aanirancet  iff' aid 
and  tiipport/rom  hie  mofetty't  government  of  Canada  i  and  to  open  a  communi- 
cation oetween  the  leading  men  engaged  in  that  opposition  and  the  governor 
general  upon  such  a  footing  as  circumstances  might  sug^ati  and  finally  to 
render  the  plans  dten  in  contemplation  subsei-vient  to  the  views  of  bis  mi^es- 
ty's  government.* 

The  underaigned  undertook  the  miasion  which  lasted  from  tlie  month  of 
January  to  the  month  of  June  inclusive,  during  which  [leriod 

those  public  acta  and  legislative  reaalutiona  of  the  asaem- 

*  Vide  ihe  despatches  of  air  Jtunes  Craig  in  June,  1808. 


»  "If^'^'il 


v.,  n-.il' 


tM 


•niB  MiI¥B  MUNCSi 


bUM  of  MteMehiiMtto  tml  Oowmf^t  wtm  mmM,  whieh  lM|it  Um  |Mn«l 
gwMfMnmt  of  Um  UMtod  tUMi  in  tiiMk,  mm  imait^A  U  limn  CMrryMf  tnte 
iHMMMMm  th*  wiOmwe  of  HMtlUnr  with  wkldi  diMt  Irllabi  wm  nuiiiiii 

Wat  kit  Mrvk*  on  tho  ooeulon  notolu  rteltodi  and  tlio  Ion  of  tinw  and '•>* 
MMM  taiMimd,  the  vnimAgmi  noKbcr  MNiglit  nor  noolvid  Mjr  ■omiwnM 
klon  I  but  truiMd  to  Um  Itnown  JiMthw  mmI  UnmJUy  of  M*  iti|)flitjr^  f»v«m* 


InftimMtioM  tnuMMnlttMl  by  the  undortignod  bod  iMt  with  lb*  partleoUr  «|if>re* 
bitUm  of  bio  nujooty**  MoMrtory  of  mmoi  ond  that  hlo  osooution  of  tho  mii. 
ilnn  (propeaod  to  b*  undortoken  In  that  lettar)  wMild  ghro  bbnaoUimitol 
on^  on  tM  nBworwot  genwal  but  on  bit  nii\)otly*a  mliiialoni**)  tlio  undoiolgMcd 
baa  raliod,  Md  now  moat  raapautAUly  otalma,  In  whatover  OKido  tho  l«n  of 
LtowrpoT'l  may  bo  pteaaed  to  attopt  «  i 

"Um  undoraifntd  mnitt  remeotiViUy  takea  thia  oeoaalon  to  alat»  that  8lr.J, 
Oralr  prumlted  him  an  emploftnent  in  Oanada  worth  upwarda  of  ono  tbou> 
aanopminda a^ymr, by  hiit  mt«r.  (herowlUi  tranamittfU)  undcir  daio  nf  13(h 
Sept.  IflKN^  whiel)  ho  haa  juat  Jeamad,  haa,  In  rnnaaciuonoo  of  hit  abaanoe, 
been  ifivon  to  another  perann.  Th«  imurraignad  abntaiiis  fWtm  eoromenting  on 
thia  tranaaction }  aitd  rfapeotftiUy  •ttegvita  that  tho  appoir.tment  of  Judfc 
Advnoato  General  of  the  provlnoe  of  Lower  Canada,  with  a  aala>y  of  Ave  bun. 
dred  pounda  a>veart  or  a  cunaidate  in  the  UiUted  Statea,  tint  cuHo,  would  be 
conaldered  by  him  a  liberal  dlacharge  of  any  obligation  that  hia  miyesty'a  go* 
vommcnt  may  cntortain  in  rrlation  to  hia  wrvioe. 

Sir— I  take  the  liberty  <>f  encloting  to  vou  a  memorial  adoreiaed  to  tlie 
Earl  of  Liverpool  i  and  beg  you  will  have  tfie  goodneai  either  to  examine  the 
documenta  in  your  office,  or  those  in  my  own  poRaeaaionf,  touching  the  extent 
and  legitimacy  of  my  olaima» 

Mr.  RylaiMl,  the  leeretary  of  Sir  J.  Craig,  is  now  in  London ;  and,  fW>m  hi* 
o<fl«ial  knowledge  of  the  tranaactiuna  anra  feota  alluded  to  in  tlie  memorial, 
can  |riv«  any  inihrmation  requiretl  on  the  auhject. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be^  &o«  <ic. 

(Signed)  J.  H. 

June  ISth,  1811.  * 

No.  xxn. 

Letter  of  tlw  Rt.  lino,  the  Rarl  of  Livrrpool,  by  hia  aeorctary  R.  Peel,  Eaq. 
reoogniaing  Mr.  Henry'a  aervioes,  Sio. 

Dwwniw-ilrmtt  S81A  June,  1811. 
Sir— I  have  not  failed  to  lay  before  the  Barl  of  Liverpool,  the  memorial,  to- 

E ether  with  ita  aeveral  eiiolusurea,  which  waa  delivered  to  roe  a  few  daya  aince, 
y  Gvik,  hrtfk,  at  your  daaire. 

'  Hia  hmlship  haa  directed  me  to  acquaint  you,  that  he  haa  referred  to  Die 
oorreapondenoe  in  this  office,  of  tlie  y«ar  1808,  and  finds  two  letters  from  sir 
Jamea  Craig,  dated  lOtb  April,  and  5th  May,  transmitting  tlie  correspondence 
that  haa  passed  during  your  residence  in  tlie  northern  states  of  America,  bikI 
cxpreaahig  hia  confidence  in  your  ability  and  judgment:  but  Lord  Liverpool 
haa  not  discm-<>red  any  wiah  on  the  part  of  Sir  Jamea  Craig,  that  your  claims 
for  compensauon  ahould  ha  referred  to  this  country ;  nor,  mdeed,  ia  allusion 
made  to  any  kind  of  arrangement  or  agreement  that  had  been  nude  by  that 
officer  with  you. 

Under  these  circumstances,  and  had  imt  Sir  Jamea  Craig  determined  on  his 
immediate  retnm  to  En^anJ,  it  would  have  been  Lord  Liverpool'a  wish  to 
have  reftrred  jrour  memorul  to  him,  as  bemg  better  enabled'  to  appreciate  Ute 
ability  and  aucoeaa  with  which  you  executed  a  miaaioa,  undertaken  at  his  dc- 
aire.  liord  Liverpool  will,  however,  transmit  it  to  S  James  Craig's  successor 
in  the  gn>'emment,  ami  an  assurance,  that,  from  the  recommendations,  he  has 
receivM  in  your  Givour,  and  the  opinion  he  has  formed  on  your  correspondence 


»• 


'POL  OLIVE  BRANim 


IM 


tiltOMwIwrfthrttlw  public  Mfvtotwm  iw  btiMitad  bf  jroor  aethw  m»> 
wiMmmi  to  •  puMia  iMiMtioii. 

LM«Iiv«MolwUlalM<Mlii«Mlf  bound  to  gW*  the  umm  Mmthaat  to 
tin  NiMNli  WoUoiky,  If  thcro  U  any  probabilUv  th«t  it  vill  adviaM  the  titc- 
MM  at  tM  appliMtlon  whicli  you  have  humU  to  nil  lonUbip. 
I  anil  ak,  your  moat  ebcdbnt,  lkumi>l«  atnrant, 

(•i|Md)  noBuiT  vmui. 

.  John  Itewy.  Baq.  97,  Laicoitar  aquarob 

No.  XXIU. 

Mr.tkmyitMr.PMltatfimber^lBn.    Jifli  thtrmimrtkmm  dmpateh 

«•  M*  Omrg*  Pmmm,  and  «At  ktw  marked  B. 

lmuk»t  ilk  SkptmhtTt  1811. 
Sir— 1  havo  Juit  now  laamed  the  ultimate  deeialon  of  my  Word  Wellealaf 
itlative  to  the  appointment  whieh  I  waa deairaua  toolMaini  and  And  that  IM 
aubaiatiaf  volationa  between  the  two  enuntriea,  forbid  the  creatinf  anew  oiBes 
in  the  Unlled  SUtea,  auoh  ai  1  waa  lolicitoua  to  obtain.  In  thia  alate  of  things 
I  have  not  a  moment  to  kMO  inrotumiaf  t^Canada,  and  have  taken  mypaa> 
aagn  in  the  laat  and  oidyabip  that  aailamrQuebeo  thia  aeaaon.  Aalhaveno 
time  to  enter  <fa  nava  into  cxplanationa  with  the  gentleman  who  ia  in  your  of* 
floe,  and  u  I  have  iceeived  aaauranoea  from  you,  m  addition  to  the  kttcrof  my 
Lord  Liverpool,  of  the  37th  June,  that  "  hit  lordship  wcild  rroommcnd  me  to 
the  govfeimor  or  Canada,  fat  the  Arat  vacant  tituation  that  *  would  accept,"  I 
bee  tlie  ikvour  of  yoia  to  adviae  me  Itow  I  am  to  get  tluit  I'wommenaationa 
without  ioaa  of  time. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  he.  be.  J.  H. 

Robert  PMl,  Eaq.  lie.  tuo.  kx. 

No.  XXIV. 

(hty  ^  a  htttr  vritten  by  Lord  Ltverpwlt  to  Sir  Oeorgo  Prevo$t,  fttrniihedif 

thomdor  teerotary  if  otato.    Original  in  the  tktpaich  to  the  governor  general  .- 

Dominr-itreetf  16th  Sept.  1811. 
Sir—Mr.  Henry,  who  will  have  the  honour  of  drlivering  thia  letter,  ia  the 
gentleman  who  audreaaed  to  mc  the  memorial,  a  copy  of  which  I  herewith 
tranamit,  and  to  whom  the  accompanying  letter  from  Mr.  Peel  wu  writeu  by 
my  direction. 

in  eomplianoe  witti  his  requeat,  I  now  ftiifll  the  aaturance  which  I  hare  giv< 
en,  of  stating  to  you  my  opinion  of  tlie  ability  and  Judgment  which  Mr.  Henry 
has  manifested  on  tlie  occasion  mentioned  in  his  memorial  i  and  of  the  benefit 
the  public  service  might  derive  from  his  active  employment  in  any  public  aitu- 
ulinn,  in  which  you  aliould  think  proper  to  place  bim. 
I  am,  sb>,  your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

(Signed)  UVERPOOL. 

To  Sir  George  Prevoat,  Bart.  &e.  8cc. 

No.  XXV. 
Jiff.  RyUmd  to  Mr.  /fenrif. 

Tucsd  ly  et  jftjng,  July  2d,  1811. 
Dc.".r  Henry-'it  gives  me  real  pleasure  to  fid  11.^1  the  apprehension  I  had 
formed  with  respect  to  the  fulfilment  of  your  exftectations,  is  likely  to  prove 
erroneous.  As  everv  thing  which  passed'  relative  to  your  mission  waa  in  writ- 
ing, 1  think  you  will  do  well  in  submitting  to  Mr.  Peel  all  the  original  papers. 
I,  myself,  could  give  no  other  information  relittive  to  the  subject  than  what 
titey  contain  i  aa  you  and  I  had  no  opportunity  of  any  verbal  communication 
cimoeming  it,  till  after  your  mission  terminated.  I  never  wrote  you  a  letter  in 
the  govemor'a  name,  which  had  not  previously  been  submitted  to  his  cor< 
rection. 

The  impreaaion  I  had  received  of  vour  character  and  abilities  made  me 
anxioua  to  serve  you,  even  before  I  hud  the  pleasure  of  a  personal  acquaint- 
ance with  you :  and  the  same  desire  has  operated  on  me  ever  since.  I  am, 
therefore,  entitled  to  hope,  that  any  opinion  which  I  may  have  given  you,  as 
to  your  best  mode  of  obtaining  an  employment  under  government,  will  be  re- 
ceived with  the  same  candour  that  gave  rise  to  it.  I  think  you  will  do  well 
to  persevere  as  you  propose.    I  have  no  doubt  that  every  letter  from  you 


m  ■■■ ; 


"  ^W 1 


m 


VM 


164 


TBE  OLIVE  B&AKCH. 


which  Sir  JMMt  wnt  home,  will  bt  hmi  in  Mr.  Feel'ioAoCiM  tbt  MtebiiAu 
cdprMtiMthM*  ia  to  bind  the  dMp*tebw  and «m1imiiim  jnarljr  «ip  tigMihw. 
SiMMjr  iridihif  y«tt  every  MWOtH,  I  Ml  nott  ftithfiiUjr,  vwm, 

(vimSJi  a.W.  RYLAND^ 

JohnHMnr,EM.  ^ 

Ko.  XXVI.  ♦ 

Jff'.  Minr^$  mtmartal  M  Lard  Uitmp—tt  mtelamdin  L&rd  Hvtrpt$P$  iktpatth. 

To  the  right  honourable  the  Earl  of  Liverpool,  the  ttoderaigned  laoat  reapeet' 

fully  Bubmita  the  following  memorial. 

Long  befbre  and  daring  the  adminiatration  of  your  loadaliip^a  imdeeeaaor. 

the  underaigned  beatowcd  mush  pcraonal  attention  to  the  atme  or  partiea  and 


fditieal  maaauraa  in  the  United  Stotea  of  America,  and  had  an  opportunity* 
lareanenMNueof  10orl2linea]andto  unitethe  (An  enaure  hare  of  3  or 
lineajthe  infixmiation  transmitted  by  the  underaigMd  to  Sir  famaa  Ciiug, 
and  by  him  to  Lord  Caatlereagh,  mt  irilh  Mil  hnhkipi  apfi-»iati9H/\  tad  when 
the  hoatile preparatkHii  in  the  United  Statea  auggcated  to  Sir  JaAoa  Coig  the 
neoeaaity  or  making  corresponding  arrangementa  of  precaution  and  defence, 
Ibr  the  security  of  nis  majesty's  coloniea,  be  applied  to  the  underaigned  to  un> 
dertake  a  aeoret  and  confidential  miaaion  to  the  northern  atatee  to 

the  party  alnrndy  mentioned ;  it  Hmt  tkiir  aptraHmut  and 
trenamit  regular  infbrmatian  of  the  aame,  and  tumkmmw  ttrtndirtimirpimt 
mbtervlmt  f  the  interuf  rf  OrtM  BrUaijL^  The  underaigned  readlqr  un< 
dertook  the  mission,  and  apent  five  montha  in  the  active  and  lealous  discharge 
of  the  dutiea  connected  with  it  [An  erasure  here  of  30  or  35  Unes^]  which 
deterred  the  general  government  from  the  purpose  already  mentioned,  and 
firom  a  coalition  with  nance,|  while  the  information  which  m  tranamitted  to 
Sir  Jamea  Crair,  proliably  aaved  tlie  trouble  and  expense  of  arming  theCanadi* 
an  militia.  AU  this,  iki>  umlersiafned  perfbrmed  witliout  ever  allowing  his 
Commiaaion  or  appearing  aa  an  authorized  agent— from  a  thorough  conviction 
that  a  disGoverv  of  his  mission  would  fiimisb  the  French  party  with  the  means 
of  destroying  tne  influence  of  the  party  adhering  to  Great  Britain  in  every  quar- 
ter  of  America,  and  enable  the  general  government  to  go  to  war  'jpon  p(9ular 
and  tenable  ground. 

In  the  application  of  Sir  Jamea  Craig  to  the  undersigned  to  undertake  the 
mission  anresaid,  he  aays  **  tfie  infirmation  and  political  obwrvatitm  ftceived 
/htm  jf*H  heret^kre  tmre  all  trmtmitted  to  the  leerelary  ofatate,  -who  hat  expreoi' 
ed  Au  particiuar  a^robation  «^  them  .•  and  there  it  no  doubt  that  your  aide  exe- 
cution (^  tuck  a  NHMJm  M  J  have  abvue  tuffgetted,  vouUt  give  you  a  claim  not 
only  on  the  gwemmr-genertd  (of  British  Americs,)  but  on  hit  majdtty't  mnt't* 

The  undersigned  being  now  in  England  on  his  private  affairs,  and  on  the  eve 
of  departure  for  AmericH,  most  humbly  and  respectfully  submits  his  claims, 
under  the  atipulations  aforesaid,  to  the  earl  of  Liverpool,  in  the  confident  ex- 
pectation tliat  hia  lordship  will  treat  them  with  that  justice,  and  liberality, 
which  upon  investifpition  they  may  be  found  to  merit 
-  It  mav  not  be  superfluous  to  add,  that  the  underaigned  h^p  never  neeived 
in  any  shape  whatever  any  compensation  or  patronage  for  tlie  services  he  has 
rendered.  This  fact,  Mr.  Ryland,  tlie  seerettiry  of  Sir  James  Craig,  now  in  Lon< 
don,  can  vouch ;  ss  well  as  for  the  truth  of  all  the  matters  set  forth  in  this  me- 
morial. 

I  have  the  honour,  &c. 

(SiKned)  J.  HENHV. 

.   27  Leicester-square,  June  23, 1811. 

*  See  the  letter  of  Mr.  Henry  addressed  to  the  secretary  of  Sir  James  Craig, 
and  by  him  transmitted  to  Lord  in  the  month  of  April,  1808. 

t  See  d(    iiment  No.  22,  herewith  submitted. 

i  See  document  No.  22  and  23,  herewith  submitted. 

§  See  letter  No.  1.  of  the  series  transmitted  by  Sir  J.  Oraig,  to  thCCokmiaT 
department,  under  date  February  14, 1809. 

I  See  the  remainder  of  the  aforesaid  letter. 

"K  See  document  No.  1,  herewith  submitted. 


THE  OLIVB  BR  ANCl^. 


165 


GHAPTER  XXYIII. 

Knibargo  rtpeakd,  Britiih  and  IFreneh  vettdt  itSfirdicUd 
from  entering  our  karbowre,  ImpoftaMomfpom  both  eoun- 
tries  proMbitid,  InvittMon  held  out  to  both  to  ettue  thiir 
ofutragei  pn  our  comnuru,  ^ 

Thb  elapoar  ezeit«4  aninaC  the  embargo— th«  tuinul- 
tuousprbceedingbfai  the  eaB^ni8tate8---its  inptleat^  to  an- 
swer  the  purpose  inteade(U  arising  partly  froon  tl&e  CMtiouiy 
ami  diiorganialiiffy  and  Jacobinioal  oppoaiUon  it  net  with* 
and  partly  firom  the  imhecllity  of  Mr.  JefferMm^sadminietra- 
tioil»  in  not  duly  ehlbrelng  it,  na  I  have  already  Hutcd*-^ 
all  combined  to  produce  ita  repeal*  which  toolc  plaee  on  the 
Ist  of  Mareh,  1809. 

As  a  paci^o  nieasure»  in  lieu  of  the  embargo,  to  induce 
the  belligerents  to  respect  our  rights,  and  to  cease  depre- 
dating on  us,  under  pretence  of  retaliation  upon  each  other, 
the  act  commonly  styled  the  non-intereonrse  act,  was  passed, 
of  which  I  annex  those  sections,  which  contain  its  leading 
features. 

^n  Act  to  interdict  the  CSommcrdol  Interamroe  bttween  the 
United  8ttae$  and  Oreat  Britain  and  France,  and  their  de- 
fendencies;  and/or  other  purpotet* 

Bt  it  tiuuttd  ky  tht  ttnat*  md  hatat  of  repretetaaUmf  of  the  Vhfttd  Statn 
of  Amtriea  in  congriM  attembltd.  That  fr^m  and  after  the  pafsa||;eof  thii 
act<  ^le  entrance  of  the  harbours  a^d  waten  of  the  United  States  and  of 
the  territgries  thereof,  be,  and  the  samo  u  kerefy  interdiettd  to  allJtuiUe 
ihip*atid9eitei«  6§loiiging  to  Qrtai  Britaimor  ^ranie,  exceptiof  vessels  only 
which  may  be  forced  In  by  distressi  or  which  are  charged  wil&  despatches 
or  business  from  th«  govcnunent  to  which  tliey  belong,  and  aisp  packets 
having  no  cargo  or  merchandise  on  board.  And  If  any  public  ship  or  vessel 
as  aforesaid*  not  being  included  In  the  exception  above  mentioned,  shall  en- 
ter any  liarbour  mr  waters  within  the  jarisdictioa  of  the  United  States,  or 
of  the  territories  tWfeof,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  president  of  the  United 
States,  or  such  other  person  as  he  shall  have  empowered  for  that  purpose, 
to  employ  such  part  of  the  lind  and  naval  forces,  or  of  the  militia  of  the 
United  States,  or  tlie  territories  thereof,  as  he  shall  deem  necessary,  to 
ecmptttitekftkip  or  vottel  to  depart' 

Sec.  3.  Ai4be  itjiirtkeremaeted,  That  from  and  after  the  twentieth  dajr^ 
of  May  next,  the  entrance  of  the  harbours  and  waters  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  territories  thereof  be,'  and  the  •omt  it  berebf  interdieted  to  all  tbtpt  or 
^mhU  eailiHg  mder  tboJUig  ^  Great  Britain  or  Firamee,  or  oemed  in  whole  or  tt 
part  by  aty  citizen  or  tuijeet  if  either  /  vessels  hired,  chartered  or  empipyed 
by  the  government  of  either  country,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  carrying  Iet> 
terser  despatches,  and  also  vessels  foicedin  by  distress  or  by  the  dangers 
of  the  sea,  only  excepted.-->if  w/  if  any  eUp  mr  xeted  tailing  under  thejl^g  «jf 
Oreat BrUaIn  sriFVmce,  ormmedin  -whtleerinparftjfanjfeititen  ereu^fecttf 
either,  and  not  excited  at  afereiaid,  thall,  after  the  twentieth  dai  vfMa^  neM, 
arrive  either  with  or  wtthout  a  eargiv  w'Am  theUaitt  ^fthe  United  State*,  or  of  the 
territmiet  thereof,  au«h.Mp  orveeeel,  torethar  wiM  the  cargo,  if  any,  rehich  may 
he  found  m  hoards  thaS  be  forfeited,  and  may  bp  seized.and  condemned  in  ai)jr 
eeun  of  Uie  United  States  or  the  territories  thereof,  having  cotSjjii^^ptiil- 

•  Bee  psfe  50. 


,;  I'SiK 


^  *» 


166 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


ritdietiont— tnd  alt  uid  averf  act  and  acts  heretofow  passed,  which  al^l 
be  within  the  purview  of  thia  act.  shall  be»  and  the  same  are  hereby  re* 
pealed. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  etiaeied.  That  from  aqd  after  the  twentieth  daf 
6£  May  next,  it  ahail  not  be  l<«rful  to  import  into  the  UnHed  States  or  the 
territories  thereof,  any  rooit,  toarett  or  merchandize  natatever,  from  any 
port  or  place  situated  in  Great  Britain  or  Ireland,  or  from  any  of  the  colloniei^ 
or  depeiulencies  of  Great  Britain «  nor  from  any  port  or  place  situated  in 
France,  or  in  any  of  her  colonies  or  dependencies,  nor  from  '   y  port  or 

ftlace  in  the  actutl  possession  of  either  Great  Britain  or  France.  Nor  shall 
t  be  lawful  to  import  into  the  United  States  ^r  the  territories  thereof,  from 
any  foreign  port  or  place  whatever,  any  goods,  wares,  or  merchandise 
whatever,  being  of  the  growth,  produce,  or  manofactnre  of  France,  or  of 
any  of  her  colonies  or  dependencies,  or  being  of  the  growth,  produce,  or 
manufacture  of  Great  Britain  or  Ireland,  or  of  any  of  the  colonies  or  de- 
pendencies of  Great  BritMn.  or  being  of  the  growth,  produce  or  manufac> 
lure  of  any  iiface  or  country  in  the  actual  possession  of  either  France  or 
Great  Britain :  provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed 
to  affect  the  cargoes  of  ships  or  vessels  wholly  owned  by  a  citizen  or  citizens 
of  the  United  Statet.  .which  had  cleared  for  any  port  beyond  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  prior  to  the  twenty  sitcond  day  of  December,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seven*  or  which  had  departed  for  such  port  by  permis- 
sion of  the  president,  under  the  acts  supplementary  to  the  act  laying  an 
embargo  on  all  ships  and  vessels  in  the  potts  and  harbours  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  11.  And  be  itjiiriber  enacted,  Thatthepresidentof  the  United  States 
be.  and  he  hereby  is  authorised,  in  cote  either  France  or  Great  Britain  tbaU 
«o  revoke  ur  modify  her  edictn,  us  tliat  they  shall  cease  to  violate  the  neutral  com- 
merxeofthe  Uutled  States,  to  declare  the  same  by  pi'oclamation,'  after  which  the 
t\'ade  of  the  United  States,  suspended  by  this  act,  ana  by  the  act  laying'  an  embargo 
en  al',  ships  and  vesa^  in  the  purls  and  harbours  of  the  IJmted  States,  and  the  seve- 
ral ^tasupplemeiitary  thereto,  may  be  renewed  with  the  nation  so  doing ; 
provided,  that  allpenaltiesandforfeitures  which  shall- have  b^en  Previously 
incurred,  by  virtue  of  this  or  of  any  other  act,  the  operation  of  vmich  shall 
ao  cease  and  determiiie,  shall  be  recovered  and  distributed,'  in' life  manner 
as  if  the  same  had  continued  in  full  force  and  virtue  :  and  vessels  bound 
thereafter  to  sjiny  foreign  port  or  place,  with  which  commercial  intercourse 
ahall  by  virtue  of  this  section  be  again  permitted.  sh-;ll  give  bond  to  the 
United  States,  yrith  approved  security,  in  double  the  vaJi^s  of  the  vessel 
and  carg9,  that  thiey  shall  nQt  proceed  to  any  foreign  pb^i,  nor  trade  with 
any  country  other  than  those  with  which  commercial  intercourse  shall  have 
been  or  may  be  permitted  by  this  act,  ■.  Enacted  March  1, 1809. 

I  have  already  iitated,  that  this  law,  was  preposterously  and 
absurdly  denounced*  as  feeble  and  iiiibeeile,  by  ninety-nine 
out  of  every  hundred  democrafsy  in  the  fJAited  States.  An 
impartial  review  of  it  will  prove  the  folly  (^  this  denuncia- 
tion. It  evinces  a  deep  sense  of  the  grievous  injuries  the 
nation  had  sustained  from  the  belligerents—^,  sincere  wish  to 
return  to  the  relations  of  peace  and  friendship  y;ith  either  or 
both — and  an  ardent  desire  to  try  every  irational  mode  of 
prociiring  redress  previous  to  a  recourse  to-  the  horrors  of 
"war. 

It.  held  out  in  one  hanid  prohibition  and  penalty  for  wrongs 
inflitfted-— in  the  other  **  the  Olive  Branch*' — an  invitation 
to,  and  premium  for,  a  niiere  return  to  justice — a  mere  ces- 
ilation  of  unprovoked  hostility.    The  statute  books  of  all  thp 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


m 


natioBS  of  Christendom  may  be  searched  in  vain>  foe  a  law 
entitled  to  more  unequivocal  applause— and  rarely  has  a  law 
been  more  generally  censured. 

•  The  federalists  reprobated  this  act  as  well  as  the  demo- 
crats— and  with  equal  folly  and  madness — but  tm  totally  dif- 
ferent grounds^  They  regarded  it,  forsooth,  as  too  violent 
a  measure — as  calculated  to  produce  war — or,  in  fact,  ab- 
surdly enough,  as  a.  species  of  warfare  ! 

•<  Sir,  the  bill  befort  yoa  i«  war.  It  is  to  suspend  all  intereourte,  to  put 
an  end  to  a  ;  the  relatimt  nf  amity.  What  is  that  but  viar  f  War  of  the 
worst  kind— «Mtr  onder  the  disguite  of  NOM-iMTBRCOtrKSB— no  power,  hay- 
lag  national  feelings,  or  regard  to  national  character,  will  SUBMIT  to 
mA  COERCION.* 

"  It  [^non-intereoanc3  is  cowarHIr ;  for  it  ia  a  bate  attempt  to  bring  on  a  var 
with  Great  Britain.~^h.  is  FRENCH  tn  etwry  featmw.  It  it  intended  at  a  meaewre 
efhoatiUtg  agaimt  Great  BrUidn  ."f     ' 


CHAPTER  XXIX.J 

Embargo  once  more,    Becommended  to  Congress  hy  a  respeetd' 
He  body  t^  merchants  in  J^PeW'York, 

This  shall  be  a  short  chapter.  Three  minutes  will  be 
sufficient  to  glance  over  it.  I  hope,  however,  it  will  not  be 
the  least  interesting  in  the  book. 

The  embargo,  we  have  seen,  was  enacted  in  December 
1807,  to  preserve  the  property  of  the  American  merchants 
from  depredation  under  French  decrees  and  British  orders 
in  council — and  likewise  to  coerce  the  belligerents,  through 
regard  to  their  own  interests,  to  cease  violatifig  our  rights.  ' 

The  merchants,  and  their  friends  universaUy,  throughout 
the  nation,  reprobated  this  measure.  Independent  of  its 
pretended  unconstitutionality,  it  was  denounced  as  tyranni- 
eal,  and  oppressive,  and^  unjust  towards  our  own  citizens — 
and  feeble,  and  imbecile,  and  inefficient  towards  those  na- 
tions whose  insults  and  outrages  it  was  intended  to  prevent. 

That  theise  sentiments  pervaded  the  mercantile  part  of 
the  community  in  1807-8,  I  presume  no  man  of  character 
will  dare  deny. 

Consistency  is  commendable.  Let  us  enquire  how  far  the 
merchants  practised  it.  On  the  15th  of  June,  1812,  a  me- 
morial was  presented  to  Congress,  ftnm  various  merchants 
in  New- York,  praying  for  a  continuance  of  the  embargo!^ 
and  the  restrictive  system  generally ! 

You  are  amazed,  reader.    You  can  hardly  believe  me. 

*  Mr.  Hillhouse's  speech  on  the  non-interooorse  bill  befine  the  senate,  Februaiy 
22,  1809.' 

t  Boston  Repertory. 

i  This  Chapter  is  out  of  its  chronolc^cal  order— but  its  immediate  eo^penoa  ^i(b 
the  subject  ofthe  preceding  chapter  has  uduoed  me  to  place,  it  here. 


'•nil 


imi 


•       'v   • 


■   !(• 


118 


THE  IHilVB  BRANCH. 


You  are  pertiuaded  that  I  am  not  serious— 4hat  I  am  putting' 
your  credulity  to  a  severe  trial. 

You  are  «  all  in  the  wrong."  I  am  as  perfectly  serious  as 
I  have  ever  been.  And  to  remove  all  doubt  on  the  subject^ 
here  is  the  memorial— and  here,  also  the  signers— forty -two 
tbderalists  and  sixteen  democrats.  Yes— deny  it»  who  can. 
Here  are  forty 'two  federal  merchants,  invoking  congress  to 
continue  the  much  abused  «  restrictive  systmh"  fts  likely  to 
extort  justice  fr6m  Great  Britain. 

M£MORIAL. 

7b  the  hmwurable  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Vrdted  States- 
of  America  in  Congress  ass^mbkd,  the  memorial  of  the  subscribers,  merchants 
and  ot/iera,  inhabitants  if  the  dti/  ofJVew-Tork,  respectfully  sheweth: 

That  your  memorigilists  fe«l,  in  common  with  the  rest  of  their  fellow, 
citizens,  an  anxious  solicitude  for  the  honour  »nd  interests  oi  their  coun- 
try,  and  an  equal  determination  to  asMrt  and  maintain  them.  , 

That  your  memorialists  believe  that  A  CONTINUATION  OF  THE 
RESTRICTIVE  MEASURES  NOW  IN  OPERATION,  WILL  PRO- 
DUCE ALL  THE  BENEFITS,  WHILE  IT  PREVENTS  THE  CALA- 
MITllESOF  WAR.  That  when  the  British  ministry  become  convinced 
that  a  trade  with  the  United  States  cannot  be  renewed,  but  by  the  repeal  of 
the  orders  in  council,  the  distress  of  their  Tnercbants  and  manufacturers,  and 
meir  inability  to  support  their  armies  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  natU  probably  com- 
pel them  to  that  measure  ! 

Your  memorialists  beg  leave  to  remark,  that  such  effects  are  even  noma  vi- 
sible; and  it  may  be  reasonably  hoped  I  that  a  continuance  of  the  embargo 
and  non-importation  laws  a  few  months  beyond  the  fourth  day  of  July 
next,  03*  WILL  EFFECT  A  COMPLETE  AND  BLOODLESS  TRI- 
UMPH  OF  OUR  RIGHTS. 

Your  memorialists  therefore  respectfully  solicit  of  your  honourable  body,  the 
postage  of  a  lam  continuing  the  embargo,  and  giving  to  the  president  of  the 
United  States  power  to  discontinue  the  whole  of  the  restrictive  system  on 
the  rescinding  of  the  British  orders  in  council. 

The  conduct  of  France  in  burning  our  diips,  in  sequestrating  our  pro- 
perty entering  her  ports,  expecting  protection  in  consequence  of  the  pro- 
mised repeal  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees,  and  the  delay  in  completing 
a  treaty  with  the  American  minister,  has  excited  great  sensation:  and  we 
hope  and  trust  will  call  forth  from  your  honourable  body  such  retaliatory 
measures  as  may  be  best  calculated  to  procure  justice. 


John  Jacob  Astor 
Samuel  Adams 
Fowland  &  Grinnel 
E.  Slosson 
Israel  Gibbs 
Isaac  Clason 
John  Slidell 
John  K.  Townsend 
Andrew  Ogden  &  Co. 
Thomas  Storm 
Amos  Butler 
Ebenezer  Burrilfr 
Isaac  Heyer 
Ralph  Bulkley 
Samuel  Belt 
John  F.  Dciapltiae 


John  T.  Lawrence 
Joseph  W.  Totten 
Isaac  Schermerhom 
Alexander  Ruden 
Joseph  Otis 
Lewis  Hartman 
Garret  Storm 
George  Bement 
S.  A.  Rich 
Abraham  Smith 
Thomas  H.  Smith,  jr. 
Andrew  Foster 
Jacob  Barker 
William  Lovett 
William  Edgar,  jun, 
Samuel  Stiliwell 


Amasa  Jackson 
William  J.  Robinson 
Joseph  Strong 
Abraham  S.  Hallot 
Joshua  Jones 
Frederic  Giraud,jr. 
Robert  Roberts 
John  Crookes 
Hugh  M'Cormiek 
John  Depeyster 
vilbert  Haight 
James  Lovett 
LefFert  Lefierts 
Augustus  Wynkoop 
John  W.  Gale 
Thomas  Rich. 


K 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


ie» 


Samuel  Miurth^U 
£lbcit  Herring. 


Peter  Stagf  J*cob  P.  Ginni4 

David  Tkylor  John  Hone 

Williiain  Ad^e  John  Kane 

JV«w^«r*,  Junelit,  1812. 

A  member  of  conj^ess,  Mr.  t'aylor,  stated  that  he  was 
informed  there  wci'e  on  that  list  the  names  of  two  presidents 
of  banks,  three  presidents  of  insurance  companies,  thirteen 
directors  of  banks,  besides  other  names  of  <«  pre-eminent 
standing  hi  the  commercial  world"  Ponder,  I  beseech  you* 
reader,  on  these  things.  They  demand  the  most  sober  an4 
serious  consideration.  The  embargo  tmd  restrictive  f  ystem 
generaliy>  afit^r  having  been  defeated  and  rendered  nuga- 
tory by  mercantile  opposition,  are  now,  by  the  .  merchants 
themselves,  proclaimed  to  the  world  as  likely  to  effiect  **Qj*n 
bloodlesa  *  'iumph  of  our  rights  !**  What  a  severe  satire  on 
themselves — what  a  panegyric  on  their  opponents-^-this  short 
seuteiwe  contains ! 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

The  Erskine  arrangenient,  d  most  liberal  and  magnaninumM 
procedure^  probably  never  exceeded,  LovMy  ap^uded  b§ 
all  parties.  Rejected  by  England.  Then  censured  by  tm 
federalists.    Wonderful  inconsistency. 

Never  was, there  a  measure  of  more  fkimess  and  can- 
(lour,  than  the  arrangement  made  by  our  government  witk 
Mr.  Erskine.  The  annals  of  diplomacy  may  be  ransacked 
Id  vain  to  produee  a  negociation  re  deserving  of  encomi- 
Um,  or  more  honourable  to  botit  parties.  In  forty-four  days 
after  Mr.  Madison's  inauguration,  Mr.  Erskine  made  ean- 
<Ud  oveilures  to  our  government  for  an  eccommodatiun  of  the 
existing  differences  betwcr^r.  the  two  nations.  They  were 
met  with  a  proper  spirit  of  irankness,  and  with  a  prompti- 
tude never  exceeded.  Tiie  overtures  were  dated  the  17th 
of  April — the  reply  the  same  day — Mr.  Erskine's  second 
letter,  and  the  reply  of  the  secretary  of  state,  on  the  18th. 
And,  both  parties  being  sincerely  desirous  of  a  reconcilia- 
tion, an  equitable  arrangement  was  adjusted  in  two  days, 
that  is  to  say,  on  the  10th,  whereby  neither  the  lionour  nor 
the  interest  of  either  nation  was  comproir-Itcd.  Friendly 
intercourse  between  them  was  once  more  restored.  Never 
was  a  negociation  conducted  on  more  liberal  or  generous 
principles.  It  was  manly  and  magnanimous — and  affords 
one  of  the  very  few  instances  in  which  diplomacy  was  divest- 
ed of  her  usual  attendants,  chicane  and  fraud. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  form  a  correct  opinion  on  this  sub- 
ject, I  annex  the  whole  of  th**  correspondence  tliat  took 


*^^is 


170 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH*' 


r^,? 


Jtf 


place  respflttinff  ity  between' our  government  and  the  British 
minister.  It  will  tlien  appear  that  the  transaction  can  hardly 
be  too  highly  eulogized. 

(Ko.  h) 

MR.IAIKIMB  TO  MR.  (MSTH. 

Wathinjflm,l7th^/tril,ta09. 

"  Sir^I  htvt  the  honour  to  Inform  you,  that  I  htve  received  his  majeir 
ty'i  ejRnmfciidi  to  repk'CMnt  to  the  government  of  the  United  Stttei,  that  his 
inaieitjr  is  whnatM  bjr  the  most  sincere  desire  for  an  adjustment  uf  the 
difllerences,  which  have  unhappily  so  long  prevtUied  between  the  two  coun- 
triesi  the  recapitulation  of  which  might  have  a  tendency  to  impede,  if  not 
prevent  an  amicable  understanding. 

••  It  having  been  represented  to  his  majesty's  government,  that  the  con- 
gress of  the  Vjolted  States,  in  their  proceedings  at  the  opening  of  the  last 
session,  had  evinced  an  Intention  of  pMsing  certain  laws,  which  would 
place  the  relations  of  Great  Britain  with  the  United  States  upon  an  equal 
footing,  in  all  respects,  with  other  belligerent  powers.  I  have  accordingly 
received  his  majeaty'a  commands,  in  the  event  of  such  Iaws  talcing  place, 
to  offer,  on  the  part  of  his  majesty,  an  honourable  reparation  for  the  ag- 
gression* committed  by  a  British  naval  officer,  in  the  attack  on  the  United 
States'  frigate  Chesapeaice. 

*•  Considering  th«  act,  passed  by  the  congreis  of  the  United  States  on  the 
first  of  Misrch,  (usually  termed  the  non-intercourse  act)  as  having  produced 
a  state  of  equality,  in  the  relations  of  the  two  belligerent  powers,  with  re- 
spect to  the  United  States,  I  have  to  submit,  conformably  to  instructions, 
for.theconsideraUonof  the  American  government  such  terms  of  satisfac- 
tion and  reparation,  as,  his  majesty  is  induced  to  believe,  will  be  accepted, 
in  the  same  spirit  of  conciliation,  with  which  they  are  proposed. 

**  In  addition  to  the  prompt  disavowal  made  by  his  majesty,  on  being 
apprised  of  the  unauthoriated  act  committed  by  his  naval  officer,  whose  re- 
call, as  a  mark  of  the  king's  displeasure,  from  an  highly  important  and 
honourable  command,  immediately  ensued,  his  majesty  is  willing  to  restore 
the  men  forcibly  taken  oat  of  the  Chesapeake,  and,  if  acceptable  to  the 
American  government,  to  make  a  suitable  provision  for  the  unfortunate 
sufferers  on  that  occasion. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  sentiments  of  the  highest  respect  and 
consideration,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

••  D.  M.  ERSKINE." 
The  hmu  IMert  SimiA,  eiq.  «,>crefary  ofatate,  Sic. 

fNo.  II.) 
MR.  SMITH  TO  MR.  ERSKINB.  . 

JDepartmetUtfSuuetJlprUir,  1800. 

**  Sir»I  have  liud  before  the  president  your  note  in  which  you  have,  in 
the  name  and  by  the  order  of  Ids  Britannic  majesty,  declared  that  his  Bri- 
tannic majesty  is  desirous  of  making  an  honourable  reparation  for  the  ag- 
gression committed  by  a  British  naval  oScer  in  the  attack  on  the  United 
States*  frigate  the  Chesapeake ;  tl;at,  in  addition  to  hie  prompt  disavowal 
of  the  act,  his  majesty,  as  &  mark  oC  his  .  .spleasure,  did  immediately  re- 
call the  offending  officer  from  a  highly  tmnortant  and  honourable  command : 
and  that  he  is  willing  to  restore  the  mtn  forcibly^  taken  out  of  the  Chesa- 
peake i  and,  if  acceptable  to  the  American  government,  to  make  a  suitable 
provision  for  the  unfortunate  sufferers  on  that  occasion. 

'<  The  government  of  the  United  States  having,  at  all  tames,  entertained 
a  sincere  desire  for  an  adjustment  of  the  differences,  which  have  so  long 
and  so  unhappily  subsisted  between  the  two  countries,  the  president  cannot 
but  receive  with  pleasure,  as!»urances,  that  his  Britannic  majesty  is  anima- 
ted by  the  same  disposition  i  and  thjkt  M$  is  t90y,  in  conformity  to  this  dis 


THE  OLVrE  BRANCH. 


171 


pomUoiit  to  m%ki  atonement  for  the  intuit  tnd  nifgvenion  committed  bjr 
one  of  hit  navnl  ofiicen  in  the  attMk  on  the  United  States* 'frigate,  the 
Chetapealce. 

"  At  it  appeari,  at  the  tame  timd  that,  in  fnaicing  tUa  OifEir,  hit  Bri* 
tannic  majetty  uerivei  a  motive  from  the  equalii;y;  now  exittfag  in  the  rela> 
tiontofthe  United  Statet.  with  th«  two  belligerent  powen,  the  preiicjent 
nwei  it  to  the  occaiion,  and  to  himtetf,  to  let  it  be  underttood,  that  this 
equalitx  it  a '  remit  ii^ident  to  a  atate  ot  c'uingx,  growing  out  of  ditfinct 
contiderationa* 

<«  With  this  explanation,  at  requitlte  at  it  it  fiank,  I  am  authorized  to 
inform  you,  that  the  prctident  accepta  of  the  note  delivered  by  you,  in  the 
name  and  by  the  .order  of  hit  Britaifnie  majetty  t  and  will  consider  the 
same,  with  the  enjragement  contained  therein,  when  fulfilled,  as  a  aatii' 
faction  for  the  intukv'  and  ^njury,of  which  he  hat  complained.  But  I  have 
it  in  expreit  charge  fmm  the  preiident,  to  ttate,  that  while  he  forbcart  to 
iniiit  on  a  further  punithment  of  the  offending  officer,  he  it  not  the  lets 
centlble  of  the  jcttlce  and  utility  of  tuch  an  example,  nor  the  lest  pertuad«« 
ed  that  it  would  best  compoit  with  what  is  due  from  hit  Britannic  majettjr 
to  hit  own  honour. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  the  higlieat  retpect  and  coutideraUon; 
air,  your  most  obedient  servant,  , 

"  R.  SMITH." 
The  Aon.  Oavid  M.  Enlfine,  etq,  envey  extracrtHnary  and  niidtW  plenipotentiary 

rfhtt  Britannic  mbjeity. 

(No.  III.) 
MR.  B&SKINE  TO  MR.  SMITH. 

WatHngton,  ^priliB,  1809. 
«'  Sir— I  have  the  honour  of  informing  you,  that  his  majesty,  having 
been  persuaded  that  the  honourable  reparation  which  he  had  caused  to  be 
tendered  for  the  unauthorized  attack  upon  the  American  frigate 'Chesa* 
peake,  would  be  accepted  by  the  government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
same  spirit  of  conciliation,  with  which  ic  was  proposed,  has'instructed  me  to 
express  his  satisfaction,  should  s^ch  a  happy  termination  of  that  affair  take 

Silsce— not  only  as  having  removed  a  paintul  cause  of  difference^  but  as  af* 
ording  a  fair  prospect  of  a  complete  and  cordial  understanding  being  re> 
established  between  the  two  countries. 

•*  The  favourable  change  in  the  relations  of  his  majetty  with  the  United 
States,  which  has  been  produced  by  the  act  (usually  termed  the  non-inter- 
course  act)  passed  in  the  last  session  of  congress,  was  also  anticipated  by 
his  majesty  t  and  has  encouraged  a  further  hope,  that  the  re-consideration 
of  the  existing  differences  might  lead  to  their  satisfactory  adjustment. 

*•  On  these  grounds  and  expectations,  I  am  instructed  to  communicate  to 
the  American  government,  his  majesty's  determination  of  sending  to  the 
United  States  an  envoy  extraordinary,  invested  with  fuli  powers  to  conclude 
a  treaty  on  all  the  points  of  the  relations  between  the  two  countries. 

"  In  the  mean  tin.e,  with  a  view  to  contribute  to  the  attainment  of  so 
de<>irable  an  object  {  his  majesty  would  be  willing  to  withdraw  his  orders  in 
council  of  January  and  November,  1807,  so  fr.r  as  respf  c;s  the  United 
States,  in  the  persuasion  that  the  president  of  the  United  States  would  issue 
%  proclamation  for  the  renewal  of  the  intercourse  with  Great  Britain  ;  and 
that  whatever  difference  of  opinion  should  arise  in  the  interpretation  of  the 
terms  of  such  an  agreement  will  be  removed  in  the  proposed  negotiation. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  sentimcn  }  of  the  highest  consideration 
and  esteem,  sir,  your  most  obedient  humble  seivant, 

D.  M.  ERSKINE. 

tbmurabk  Robert  Smith,  &c.  Wc.  &c. 


if » 


II 


'  '4 


Crf^ 


i'    \f 


'  ».i 


ITS 


tins  ^LCVE  BRANCH. 


•  .il^     (No.  IV.) 

MB^H'mITK  to  ma.  BalKtllB. 


Ihfartmetti  ^ State,  Jprai%,tt09. 

«« Slf^— The  note  «rh^ht'ha(i  the  honoitr  of  receiving  from  yon  this  d»y, 
I  to»t  no  time  in  laying  I>ef6re  the  prciident,  who  being  sincerely  deiirous 
of  »sati»fa)ctory  adjunmttntibfthe  difference!  unhoppily  exiiting  ^tween 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  Statei,  has  authorised  me  to  assure  yOQr  that 
hn  will  meet,  with  a  disposition  correspondent  whh  that  of  his  BHtaunic 
majesty,  the  detenpiiMmon  of  his  majesty  to  send  to  the  United  States  a 
a^ciat  envoy,  invested  with  fqir  powers  to  conclude  a  treatf  on  all  the 
fiohitsof  the  relstions  oetween  the  two  cqnntries. 

**  t  am  furtiier  authorized  to  as^^re'  yoto.;  that  in  case  hli  Britannic  ma> 
jesty  should,  in  the  mean  time,  withdraw  hi*  orders  in  council  of  JtknviKy 
and  November,  180f ,  so  far  «j  respects  l^c  United  States,  the  prissident 
Wilt  not  faH  to  issue  a  proelamation  by  virfue  of  the  authority,  and  for  the 
yarpoaes  specified,  iifthe  cileventh  sectiofiltifi  the  statute,  commonly  called 
'the  nonontercpursc  act'.    I  have  the  honous/rJkc.  &c. 

'"^  R.  SMITH. 

(No.V.) 

MR.  CRSKINB  TO  Ha.  SMArif. 

•  Wathingtm,  ^pril  19,  1809. 

*•  Sir— In  consequence  of  the  acceptance,  by  the  president,  as  stated  in 
y«m  letter  dated  tfie  18th  inst.  of  the  proposals  made  \ff  me  on  the  part  of 
bis  majesty,  in  my  letter  of  the  same  day,  for  the  renewal  of  the  inter. 
coarse  between  the  respective  countries,  I  am  authorfzed  to  declare,  that 
his  majesty's  orders  in  council  of  January  and  November,.  1807,  will  have 
been  withdrawn  as  respects  the  United  States,  on«the  Ijhhday  of  June 
■eat.    I  have  the  honour  to  be,"  &c.  &c  <%^  . 

'fPlkSRSKINE. 

BoiuanMe  Robert  Smitht  &r.  &c.  ^7 

r^rw,  (No.  VI.)  ''^ 

V;':'vi'  MB.  SMITH  TO   MR.  BBSKIWB. 

'•'-•(i^  JD^fHirlment  «f  State,  JprU  \9,  \t09. 

^  S!r->ifMring  twd  before^  president ^rdlHJi  note  of  this  day,  containing 
an  assurantie,  that  his  Bnta|tpi)Q  majesty 'oj^^goo  the  tenth  day  ot  June 
«cxt,  have  withdrawn  his  o>^WS  iii,council»^m|lBry  and  November,  180T, 
•o  far  as  resi>ects  the  Uniteo  S^^l^ies;  I  ham^|^ri|nmu>ur  of  informing  you, 
that  the  president  will  accoi^^m^fpy,  and  tn  f>uVsQi|^c'e  of  the  eleventh  sec- 
tion of  the  statute,  commonly  tolled  the  nonnntercourse  act,  issue  a  pro- 
clamation, so  that  the  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Gre«t  Britain  may 
•B  the  same  day  be  renewed,  in  tlie  manner  provided  in  the  said  section, 
I  have  the  honour"  &c.  &c.  R.  SMITH. 

BY  THS  r..  SSIBBKT  OF  THB  VNITBD  STATES  OT  AMERICA. 

A  PROCLAMATION. 

*'  Whereas  it  is  provided  by  the  eleventh  section  of  the  act  of  Congress, 
entitled,  <*  An  act  to  interdict  the  commercial  intercourse  between  the 
United  SiRtes  and  Great  Britain  and  France,  and  their  depei.'i''ncies  ;  and 
for  other  purposes," — that  "  in  case  either  France  or  Great  Britain  shall  so 
revolce  or  modify  her  edicts  as  that  they  shall  cease  to  violate  the  neutral 
commerce  of  the  United  States."  the  president  is  authorized  to  declare  the 
same  by  proclamation ;  after  which  the  trade  suspended  by  the  said  act, 
and  by  an  act  laying  an  eari>argo  on  all  ships  ana  vessels  in  the  ports  and 
barbooTs  of  the  United  States,  and  the  several  acts  supplementary  thereto, 
may  be  renewed  with  tb:  nation  so  doing.  And  whereas  the  honourabl<' 
David  Montague  Erskine,  his  Britannic  majesty's  envoy  extraordinary  an4 
minister  plenipotentiary,  has,  by  the  order  aar'  in  the  name  of  his  sovereign, 
declared  to  this  government,  that  the  Britistoi  orders  in  council  of  January 


1^^ 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


173 


end  Novtmber,  ISOTi  will  have  been  withdrawn  a«  respectt  the  United 
States,  on  the  tenth  day  of  June  neft.  Now,  thefefore,  ItjAMBiMASi* 
SON,  Preiident  of  the  United  States,  do  herib/  proclaim,  that  the  orders  in 
council  aforesaid  will  have  been  withdrawn  on  the  said  tenth  day  of  June 
next  I  after  which  day  the  trad*  of  the  United  States  with  Great  Britain, 
as  suspended  by  the  act  of  conifress  above  mentioned,  and  an  act  4aying  an 
embargo  on  all  ships  and  vessels  in  the  ports  and  harbours  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  several  acts  supplementary  thereto,  may  be  renewed. 

**  Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  United  States,  at  Wash- 
ton,  the  nineteeth  day  of   April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
r.  s.    thousand  eight  hundred  and  nine,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the 
Uniud  States,  the  thirty -third." 

JAMES  MADISON. 
By  the  Preiidant. 

RT.  SMITH,  Secretary  <f  State. 

Never  was  a  measure  more  loudly  or  unanimously  applaud- 
ed. Parties  agreed  in  their  encomiums  on  the  act  and  the 
aetorsy  who  never  before  or  since  accorded  on  any  subject. 
The  federalists  cannot  have  forgotten— if  they  have,  history 
will  not  forget — that  they  repeatedly  asserted,  in  the  most 
confident  terms,  that  England  had  been  at  all  times  ready 
to  do  US  justice  ; — ^that  it  had  been  in  the  power  of  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson, at  any  period  of  his  administration,  to  have  procured 
equally  fair  and  honourable  terms ;  and  that  nothing  but  his 
profligate  devotion  to  France,  and  his  deadly  hostility  to 
England,  had  prevented  an  equitable  adjustment  of  £ill  our 
diiferences.  Mr.  Madison  was  hailed  as  a  truly  Amtirtcan 
president.  He  was  invited  to  federal  entertainments — 
claimed  as  a  federalist  and  a  Washingtonian — and  halcyon 
days  of  peace  and  plenty  were  augured  under  his  administra- 
tion, which  was  indubitably  to  usher  in  a  political  millenium. 
This  farce  was  carried  on  so  far  by  the  federalists,  that  the 
demscrats  began  to  grow  jealous.  They  were  afraid  of  losing 
the  president,  whose  election  they  had  taken  such  pains  to 
secure. 

In  an  evii  hour  for  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain, 
this  honourable  arrangement  was  fatuitously  and  dishonour- 
ably rejected  by  the  British  ministry — and  thus  the  two  coun- 
tries were  once  more  involved  in  the  most  vexatious  discussions. 

So  far  as  respects  the  administration  of  Mr.  Madison,  this 
affair  affords  the  most  indubitable  evidence  of  the  utter  false- 
hood of  the  charge  of  French  influence,  with  which  the  wide 
welkin  has  rung,  and  which  has  been,  and  is,  as  firmly  be- 
lieved by  hundreds  of  thousands  of  our  citizens,  as  any  por- 
tion of  «  holy  writ.'*  Had  there  been  the  slightest  particle 
of  that  noxious  influence  in  our  cabinet,  it  could  not  have 
failed  to  prevent  such  a  rapid  movement  as  healing  the  long- 
enduring  and  cankered  breaches  between  the  two  countries 
in  two  days. 

-       H 


I  ' 


M-lMMfi 

mmmm 

m 

lIPBMm 

'  i '  'i 

iti^yBlHw 

iioic 

nm 

: 

ir4 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


Never  in  the  annals  of  mankind^  did  a  rooted>  inv«terate, 
and  contemptible  prejudice  exist,  so  completely,  bo  unan- 
swerably borne  down  by  a  strong  and  irrefutable  fact,  as  in 
this  case  is  the  accusation  of  French  influence :  and  yet  no 
more  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  strong  and  irresistible 
fact,  than  if  it  had  not  the  slightest  bearing  whatever  on  the 
subject.  Throughout  the  whole  of  Mr.  Madison's  adminis- 
tration, this,  senseless,  this  absurd,  this  Jacobinical  cry  of 
French  influence  has  disturbed  the  harmony  of  the  country — 
endar.jgered  its  pt^ace — and  produced  the  most  magical  ef- 
fects, on  "  the  most  enlightened  nation  in  the  world.*' 

In  every  age,  and  every  nation  there  is  some  slang  preva- 
lent, by  which  the  people  are  besotted,  bereft  of  their  rea- 
son, and  led  **  to  play  such  pranks  before  high  heaven,  as 
make  e'en  angels  weep.'*  Who  is  ignorant  of  the  magical 
effects  in  Great  Britain  of  the  cry,  «the  church  is  in  dan- 
ger*" whereby  the  severities  and  restrictions  under  which 
the  protectant  dis5i>nters  groaned  for  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years,  were  firmly  riveted  on  them.  The  cry  of 
<*  French  infliunee**  in  the  United  States  has  been  so  often 
reiterated,  and  so  far  believed,  that  it  appears  to  thousands  of 
our  citizens  both  impertinent  and  absurd  to  doubt  its  existence. 
But  there  never  has  been  the  shadow  of  proof  of  its  existence 
alledged.  And  I  feel  perfectly  confident,  that  there  are  thou- 
sands of  Englishmen  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States, 
particularly  in  our  sra-ports,  any  one  of  whom  takes  a  more 
active  part  in  our  politics,  and  has  more  influence  on  our  afiinirs, 
than  any  twenty  Frenchmen,  Talleyrand's  observation  on  this 
subject  is  perfectly  just.  « In  every  part  of  America  through 
which  I  have  travelled,  I  have  not  found  a  single  £nglisliman, 
who  did  not  feel  himself  to  be  an  American  ;  nor  it  Isingle 
Frenchman  who  did  not  find  himself  a  stranger."* 

There  are  Frenchmen  in  New- York,  Philadelphia,  and 
Baltimore,  who  have  been  naturalized  ten,  twenty,  and  even 
thirty  years,  who  do  not  interfere  so  much  in  our  politics  as 
English,  Scotch,  and  Irishmen  frequently  do  within  the  first 
month  after  their  arrival.  I  have  never,  in  thirty  years, 
known  three  Frenchmen  in  Philadelphia  who  took  za  active 
part  in  our  politics.  Many  of  them  rarely  exercise  the 
elective  franeliise. 

This  is  a  digression.  Let  us  return  to  the  Erskine  ar- 
rangement. 

The  conduct  of  tlie  federalists  respecting  this  celebrated 
linstrument,  was  to  the  last  degree  inconsistent  and  indefen- 
sible— 

They  were,  after  it  was  agreed  upon,  as  I  have  stated, 

*  Memoir  on  the  Comtnttrcial  KeUttious  of  the  United  States  with  Eoglandt. 

P*^  18. 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


inr 


unanimous  and  loud  in  their  applause  of  England,  fbr  her 
magnanimity  in  offering,  and  of  Mr.  Madison,  for  his  patri- 
otism and  public  spirit  in  accepting,  the  terms  proposed  by 
Mr.  Ersicine.  The  force  of  the  language  was  exhausted* 
in  panegyrical  strains.  All  the  praises  of  Mr.  Madison 
were  accompanied  by  direct  or  insiuuatad  abuse  of  his  pre- 
decessor. The  two  presidents  appeared  lilce  the  two  ends 
of  a  scale-beam.  In  proportion  as  one  rose,  the  other  sunic. 
Mr.  Madison  was  raised  amongthe  celestials— Mr.  Jefferson 
sunk  among  the  infernals.  There  was  hardly  one  of  the 
party  from  New-Hampshire  to  Georgia,  who  did  not  assert* 
that  had  Mr.  Jefferson  been  disposed,  be  might  have  made 
an  arrangement  on  as  favourable  terms  at  any  time  duiing 
his  administration— for  England  had  bOen  at  all  times  equid-' 
ly  disposed  to  do  us  justice. 

But  when  England  rejected  this  arrangement^ — when  she 
gave  the  He  direct  to  all  their  asseverations  of  her  Willing- 
ness to  adjust  the  differences  between  the  two  countries,  on 
fair  and  honourable  principles— they  still  defended  her* 
They  assailed,  and  abused,  and  viliAed,  and  degraded  their 
own  government  And  Mr.  Madison,  wlio  had  been  placed 
amongthe  stair  f  heaven,  sunk  down  at  once  below  the  ho- 
rizon into  pitciiy  darkness,  with  his  predecessor.  And  for 
what  ?  Had  he  committed  any  crime  to  warrant  this  change 
ot  opinion  7  No.  Had  he  altered  the  system  of  conduct 
which  had  been  so  highly  extolled  ?  No.  Had  he  broken  hia 
faith  with  England?  No.  Had  he  failed  of  his  duty  to  hia 
country  ?  No.  His  only  crime  was,  that  England  broke  the 
faith  her  minister  had  so  solemnlif  pledged  to  him,  and  to  that 
cruelly  injured  and  outraged  country!!! ! !!  Alas!  alas! 
poor  human  nature !  _   •- 

To  establish  fully  what  I  have  asserted,  I  annex  extracts 
from  the  federal  papers  and  speeches,  published  before  and 
after  the  fatal,  the  monstrous,  the  altsurd  rejection  of  this 
arrangement.  , 

*'  We  owe  it  to  Mr^  Matliaoo  and  his  cabinet  to  say,  and  we  do  it  with  pride  and 
pleasui-e,  that  they  have  come  forwai*d  with  a  degree  of  promptitude  and  raanltness 
■which  refecta  much  honour  on  them  and  the  country.  Mr.  Madison  has  now  done 
Olj?"  what  Mr.  Jefferson  imu  reqneated  by  the  Britiah  government  to  do  in  the  note 
appended  to  the  treaty  returned  by  him.  Mr.  Madison  is  now  etTuctually  resisting 
the  French  decrees,  by  a  total  tion-intereourse  with  that  countryt  and  this  country 
will  thank  him  for  it  to  the  latest  generation."  United  States'. Gazette,  April  24« 
18U!». 

"  Qr/"  jT/je  camfoMT,  liberality,  and  sincerity  displayed  in  those  doaimeiUs,ar« 
atikentmourable  to  the  two  governments^  Poulson's  Amerieau  DaMy  Advertiser, 
April  3S,  1809. 

"  The  non-lnteroonrM,  with  Fnmee,  which-  congress  threatened  Nov.  22,  1808, 
and  realty  enacted  March  1st,  1809,  to  take  place  on  SOih  May  next— this  measinv 
against  France  produced  what  no  measure  against  England  alone  could  obtain.  Eng- 
land  -was  to  6e  won  viith  signs  of  justice  amtmpartiality:  and  yielded  to  these  con- 
4deralions  lahat  the  vmld  net  yield  either  to  threats  or  forceP  ^oeton  Bcpertary, 
May?,  1809. 


i76 


THE  OLIVE  BKANCll. 


**  Nothing  her«  Mid  ii  (TeRifp««d  to  reflect  on  Mr.  Madiion  ••  tke  proiident  of  thfl 
Unhol  States.  O^Intme  rcnar  ao-tw  wniqh  hc  hab  hbbn  called 
rroN,  MIMA*  biHAVBD  wiTR  \«  K  ^'t.  May  he  go  on  no.  Mr.  MadlMm 
tbiM  lir  hM  In  faet  Mtcd  miniMeriaUr ;  <bAV  i:.,  Mruiant  to  an  act  of  eongrcu,  ^ 
th«  genertillj  expreaaed  voice  of  hii  vountrymen.    Idem. 

"  We  ahall  not  stop  to  emi«iire  wlMlher  tlie  apirited  anri  vigoroua  meaturf  a  of  New 
Knghnd— tlieir  detcmiiiietl  public  drclnrntioDK  tliut  thcr  would  not  aiibmit  to  an  un- 
neaeaaarjr  and  d«etrnctiTe  war,  haa  liHltio<Hl  tlie  Hdmitintiiitinn  tq  liaten  to  QT^  the 
mme  teitiu  which  Grivt  Britain  hint  alwityn  been  readg  to  offtr,  and  to  iimich  lee 
have  untformfy  ctntetuktl  site  vxu  Hncerely  tUtpomidV  Boaton  Gasette,  April  lftU9- 

*'  That  Mr.  Madiion  doea  not  wish  to  embroil  ua  with  Rngland.  we  arc  now  tho> 
ringhiy  convinced :  t»hUe  he  cotMtmeo  to  piirnie  an  heneol  and  impartialpotky, 
wherene malica  one  enemy,  he  will  vain  a  doien  frienda."  Haitimore  Fedci'al 
RcpubliMn,  aa  quoted  by  the  Pliihulelphia  Gazette,  June  flS,  1800. 

"  Scarcely  was  Mr.  MaiHson  seated  in  the  chair  of  state,  when,  contrary  to  all  our 
expeetatiods,  but  agreeably  to  all  our  wishes  he  gave  the  lie  to  uU  hii  elecdoneering 
aavocateti  sbando^  practicnllr  and  in  the  t'uce  of  tho  world  tlie  pdioy  and  course 
of  tha  aagje  i  and  concluiled  with  Mr.  Erikine  an  agreement,  which,  GC/'^noch'/jr 
the  irmemintotw  hand-cuffaj'rom  our  handt,  O'  unmoorinj  our  oMpa,  CCj  rtijoiciiir 
ourneiirtn,  ttml(J^  ekvatitw  our  hopct,  di>ewftom  thcunio<i(the  JHCobinsexcepteil} 
an  unfeigned  buret  of  htMi-t^cbeeritig  Hpplauie.  i^j'Mver  sioteaman  did  an  act  more 
popular  or  more  conducive  to  the  true  aitd  permanent  intereit  of  Ida  country.  Fitila* 
delphia  Gazette^  .lurte  S3,  1809. 

**  The  public  dooumenta  wliich  we  this  day  have  the  satisfaetiun  of  laying  before 
our  readers  are  of  a  highly  pleasing  and  intfrehting  character.  The  note  nf  Mr. 
Krskina  furnishes  satisfactory  evidence  of  a  real  disiiosiiiofvon  the  part  of  his  g^ovem- 
raent  to  adjust,  on  permanent  principK's,  the  long  subsistir^g  differences  with  this 
countiy:  and  Mr.  Smith's  answer  to  that  note  evinves  a  iindour  and  promptitude 
equally  hononrable  to  the  views  and  wishes  of  the  American  administrxtion.  fVhik 
both  parttet,  re  governed  by  this  spirit  of  confidence  in  tl\e  (uattrancen  of  each  other, 
we  can  foresee  no  possible  circumstance  to  impede  their  arriving  at  a  full,  liberal, 
and  advantagcoua  accommodation."    PhiUdelphia  Gazette,  June  19, 1809. 

"  We  siiii  crely  trust  that  an  enlightened  admiiiistratioa  will  continue  by  its  mea- 
sures of  prudence,  economy,  and  wisdom,  to  increase  the  raorlifioation  and  rage  of 
men,  alieiu  tt>  the  true  interests  and  lionour  irf'  our  country,    Ibid. 

On  the  2d  of  May,  1809,  Mr.  Rpi^dolph  moved  in  the 
bouse  of  representatives  of  the  United  States^  the  following 
resolution— 

*'  Xesobxd,  That  the  promptitude  and  frankness  with  which  the  President  of  tlie 
United  States  has  met  the  overtures  of  the  Bowrnraent  of  Gk'eat  Britain  towards  a 
restoration  of  harmony  and  free  commeraiiu  intercourse  between  the  two  nations, 
meet  the  approbation  of  this  house." 

This  occasioned  a  long  debate,  ia  which  the  federalists 
were  uiihorsally  in  favour  of  the  motion.  Mr.  Barent  Gar- 
denier  was  among  the  most  ardent  eulogists  of  Mr.  Madison. 
"[There  appeared  to  be  no  bounds  to  his  applause. 

«  This  tree  from  which  ve  expected  to  gatlier  only  the  fruit  if  bittemesa  and  «tr- 
row,  is  alrt-ady  yielding[  us  tk  -'<  far  different— cladness  and  utispeakable  joy.  To 
speak  in  the  lanpiunge  of  the  n  solution,  (JT)*  *  the  promptitude  and  frankness  with 
which  the  president  hat  met  the .  vertures^  Great  Briti  in,*  while  they  receive  the 
applause  and  the  gratitude  of  the  nation,  call  not  less  in  periously  for  an  unequivc^ 
cal  expression  of  them  by  this  house. 

"  I  must  say  that  I  do  like  the  words  '.promptitude  and  frankness.*  The  compli- 
ment they  convey  is  highly  merited,  (la  I  shall  endeavour  to  prove. 

"  For  brinKiiig  about  tiiia  state  of  tilings,  C?"  I  yield  my  hearty  approbation  to  the 
presideia  of  the  united  States;  and  1  believethat  when  none  of  us  could  see  the  end 
of  our  troubles,  the  president  was  secretly  conducting  up  to  the  late  happy  results. 

«  But  at  la.1t  that  state  of  things,  ORIGINALLY  PROPOSED  BY  GREAT 
BRITAIN,  hw  been  hroMghtaboti^  boUt  as  it  regards  the  equality  contended  for, 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


m 


le  eompli- . 


Ktvi  M  reginU  the  MMinnee  of  rcsisUnce  denred.— -The  proalaiMtioD  beiii|  icmor- 
td,  a  r«ir  wyiMtinant  could  meet  with  no  impediment  tram  that  tMue.  a  >  .^tuima 
am4tmchol§jfaet,  in  thi$  ritprrt  t/urt  ntver  wwUi haim  ietntmimpMiitieiittts^jH 
THIS  fwemmetU  had  been  iSiUing  to  th  mripinnOg  vtfutt  U  hat  at  latl  cmutntedto  tk. 

••  It  i*  for  the  ftramptitude  imd_fiank»»»$  with  whkh  the  president  net  tMe 
overtuf«f  that  I  thank  him  ino»t  coniialiy  in  behalf  of  mj  eonatry.  1  ap< 
prove  it  most  heartily. 

"  And  it  it  now  in  proof  before  oe.  as  I  have  a) way*  Mid  aad  contended, 
that  (^y-  NOTHING  via$  wanting  hut  apreptr  t^it  ^  toneiOaiieH^aotbii^ 
hut  fair  and  bonouraht*  dealing  on  the  part  of  THIS  eathury,  to  hrim  to  a  hapfif 
ittue  all  the  fctitiout  difftren.  between  Me  tamtry  and  Oreat  Britain  /  and 
that  is  now  acknowlrri  •  true,  for  saying  which.  1  have  been  so 

much  censured— cen  it  suited  the  purposes  of  some  people* 

to  attribute  to  me  a  ^  justice  of  the  British  goremmcnt, 

which  did  not  become  a.  Jaen. 

"  The  president  very  ying  on  the  asstirances  of  the  Britisll 

minister,  that  the  edicts  o.  oreat  Britain  vmuld  have  he^n  •withdrawn,  on  or 
before  the  20th  of  June  then  next,  authorised  a  renewal  of  intercourse  after 
that  day." 

The  governor  of  Maftsachusetts,  in  Iiis  speech  to  the  legis- 
lature,  unites  his  praises  with  those  of  Mi*.  Gardenier — 

**  We  have  great  reason  to  indulge  the  hope  of  realizing  those  viewa 
[arising  from  a  revival  of  commerce]  from  the  prompt  and  amicable  dispo- 
sition, with  which  it  is  understood  the  f)retent  federal  administration  m«c 
the  coii^.iliatory  overtures  of  Great  Britain— 03*  a  dijpoiition  which  ie  enti- 
tled to,  and  v)ill  certainly  receive  the  hearty  approbation  of  every  one  viha  sin- 
cerely love*  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  the  nation-" 

The  senate  and  house  of  representatives  re-eeho  the  cneo- 
miastic  b'rain:  i 

*<  The  present  administration  of  the  general  government  has  Q^  had  the 
viiidom  to  discern,  and  tatriotism  to  commence,  a  course  of  policy  respect- 
ing our  commerce  and  foreign  relatii  i3.  which  is  calculated  to  promote  the 
prosperity,  and  to  secure  the  peace  and  independence  of  our  country." 

«•  The  prompt  acceptance  by  the  federal  administration  of  the  conciliato- 
ry overtures  of  Great  Britain,  which  opened  the  door  for  the  removal  of 
those  grievous  cmbarrassmentB  by  which  the  industry  and  enterprise  of  our 
citizens  have  so  long  b>  en  paralized,  QC/*  tneetttbe  afiprobatian  and  will eneurt 
the  support  of  this  commonwealth.'* 

Messrs.  Wagner  and  Hanson  chimed  in  with  the  general 
strain  of  approbation,  which  was  carried  to  the  utmost  ex- 
tenty  in  order,  by  the  contrast,  to  blacken  the  character  of 
the  former  administration. 

*<  Sophiitrr  is  busily  at  work  in  the  democratic  papers  to  she^r  that  the  accommo- 
dftlion  with  England  is  the  result  of  deinooratio  plan*  that  is  to  say,  of  tlic  era* 
bargoand  non-intercourse  law.  If  this  cotdd  be  made  to  appear,  it  wotild  >o  far  ab- 
solve their  authors  from  the  min  and  sufferings  imirased  by  those  laws,  as  to  prove 
that  they  had  some  effect.  But  the  common  sense  of  the  people  is  proof  against  tlie 
delusion ;  who  are  persuaded  that  what  was  so  easily  effeoted  in  April  last,  iniA;ht 
have  been  done  long  before,  and  the  nation  been  thereby  saved  from  the  hnmiliatMm 
of  retiring  from  the  exercise  of  its  rights  upon  the  ocean,  as  well  as  the  immense 
loss  it  has  suffered,  and  continues  to  sustain  in  the  decay  and  depreciation  of  its 
produce.  Bvery  reflecting  mind  feels  this  at  once;  nor  does  it  require  any  cireuitoos 
argument  to  be  convinced,  that  a  persevering  and  ardent  opposition  to  these  demo- 
cratic juggles,  and  not  a  voluntary  abandonment  of  them,  broke  tha  embargo,  and 
placed  France  and  Great  Brituin  upon  that  equoi  footing,  wAtcA  thoxaTTCR 

VNIFOSMLY  SECLARBD  WOULB  IMDVCS  HSR  TO  COMPROMISB. 


(5' •>  ?i^  ■ -^l^l 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


^ 


^ 


1.0 


I.I 


ut  i^   12.2 

2f  114    ^ 

2.0 


140 


11^  lAi 


HiolDgraphic 

Sciences 
Corporalion 


23  WBT  MAIN  STMIT 

WIUTIR.N.Y.  14SM 

(716)  •73-4503 


'^ 


v.^ 


ii' 


178 


THE  OUVE^BRAK^H 


•*8iiiMk«  aadgMMnl  uhu  bean  the  jorq^ifmdbjr  the  r|Btnni<ifa|Oodiiitd«ty 
itawBiir  with  Bii|^Mid,  will  be  the  indiciiiubn,  vwUeh  et  no  dlMaint  dan  e  Mint  rs> 
iriev  dtihe  mtwvt  wMcA  Aove  keen  kda  to  eitln^  enr  peace,  and  eaetoigukh  ear 
preepierttiit  wUl  mapeUab^  mepire.  Hi*  earrent  of  the  (li«>mrafaitiea  afthlk  eo»- 
■jpfarSav h not^t  aitaad.  Ithu  iwMh  iMMW pnpeM  ta  inUte:  iklrwiil  hitof 
miH  h  pfaMm  u  inrapenble  hnr  egmiewa  the  anirioffput^  vhieh,  tilllirtdjr, 
hM  lorded  H  withoaVopiKMitioa  9Ter  the  atate  of  Alaryland."* 

J  shdiftdd  to  these  extmcts  the  sentimedts  of  Mp.  Cole- 
itian*  editor  pf  the  New-Tork  Bvening'  Poet>,  which  are  as 
strong  and  decisive  as  any  of  the  others, 

^  Look  at  th^lea  ef  ihii  pner  ftv  a  twelTenxwia.  Tm  will  find  it  huiiCed  opoa 
Aat  CCT  O'^^  AifMJR  -mteMjet  m  U^ffutHmtia^dlJireae^i,  AmA  tmitd  eome  to 
anaeeemmedallen  themtmeHt-wegjinekei  achimeeiede  et,  hg  plOeiny  her  oh  an 
equal faetkur  tosih  .^Wino(.<r-w>  EnUne  verjr  pmmpUtf  begfais  V  •tating  on  oar 
■ovemmeBra  plaeing  Bngland  on  a  footing  with  FraMe^  Bt^hnd  will  make  repa* 
ration— (C^JVi'  '**c****'V ^BAT  x  nAv^ixm  a  avMoamD  rtuzt  ovxa 

IN  THIS  PAVBB*  SBB  WOOLS  VBRY  GLADLY  DO.  ^ 

*'  The  fint  p«it  of  the  aeeond  rewlation  aceompanrhig  the  report  of  the  eommit* 
tee  of  fiireign  i^tetlon*,  eenteii^latedin  arrangement  by  whteh  the  reapeetive  b(Mii< 
gennts  woud  be  plaeed  iit  a  itate.ot  «ftia%  u  to  (he  exoloaion  of  their  aMpa  of  war. 
fi«m  onr  harboora.'  Thii  repotl  waa  aent  to  England  {  iuid  immediate^  the  Brioth 
minkter  DXBBGT^n  Mr.  EcaUne  to  make  the  ptopomiona  which  have  lately  been 
aeoeded  to  and  pubKdredy  provided  anr  meaaore  wm  Offtj^MMf  .wh|eh  woald  plaoe 
CTrwtt  liHta*!  in  a  atate  of  equaliqr  with  Aer  enetmet,  afetathe  admiaikin  or  exduf 
aion  cf  her  ahipa  of  war  from  oivhariwora.  Thb  mom-xntbrcovbsb  act  was 
or  THIS  HATOBB.  Mr.  Bnikiae  alated  the  intentiawi  efhugmemmnt,  and  an 
agreement  haa  been  li^."t 

**  Well  may  the  merehanta  of  Alexandria  rnoiee  at  Mr>  Madiaon'a  reftirn  to  the 
good  dd  prineiplea  of  f  BVBRALiaM.  Let  the  eraty  imfei'^Qra  of  J^flH-aomitm 
give  themaelvea  ai  '        ^—-.r' 

and  mortifioation. 
continnea  (o  pume  the  conrae  he  haa  taken .  ^  $ 

Belying  <ni  the  good  faith  of  Great  Britain,  our  govern- 
ment  immediately  removed  aU  the  restrictions  on  her  com- 
merce,  restra^d  the  intercourse  hetween  the  two  nations  to 
the  state  in  which  it  had  been  previous  to  the  misanderstand- 
ing»  and  naturally  expected  to  be  met  oii  the  same  fair  and 
honourable  ground  by  the  other  cohtracting  party.  But  fit- 
tally  other  counsels  prevailed  at  St.  James's.  The  solemn 
contract  made  by  its  minister  plenipotentiaiy  was  rejected 
on  the  ground  of  his  having  «  exceeded  his  Instrutions." 

Had  Mr.  Ersklne  made  b,  wanton  sacrifice  of  the  hopour 
and  interests  of  his  country— the  rejection  of  his  arrangement 
might  be  palliated,  perhaps  justified.  But  no  fn&n  who  has 
any  regai^  to  his  character,  will  pretend  this  to  have  been 
the  case.  Both  were  equally  secured.  And  to  prevent  any 
difficulty  in  the  a^ustment  of  the  dispute,  to  evince  more 
fully  Mr.  Madison's  sincere  wish  for  harmony,  the  thorny 
and  difficult  subject  of  impressment  was  laid  aside  for  future 
negociation.  .r>'» 

<<  But  Mr.  Erskine  exceeded  his  Instructions."    What  in 

*  Fe<«eral  Repaliiean,  July  ^^  1809. 

'    1 1'**^  "^ot^  ^^">'"KPo^  April  S0, 1809. 

#  Feileral  Bepobliean. 

$  Theie  cxtnwtt  are  ehiefly  tikSB  front  *' Thbp  M  tidcj  are.**: 


BDto weraing  and  wailing^'  aqd  all  the  afliietiiig  atbga  S  jteikmf 
The  fedenliata  WILL  pay  homage  to  Mr.  Madiaon,  while  he 


THE  OUVB  BRA^dHr 


179 


the  name  of  heaven,  I  atikt  must  have  been  the  inatnietiona 
that  did  not  wi^rant  an  envoy,  eztewwdinarjr  to  {Propose  or 
ratify  attch  an  arriingement  f  ab  ^afab  ao  ain^e*  so  loir,  and 
90  honourable  ? 

But  admitting  for  a  raomentf  that  Mr.  Erakine  exo<peded 
his  in8truction»— or  let  us  even  snppoae  that  he  hi^d  madb 
this  arrangement  of  hia  own  mere  motion»  without  any  in- 
structiona  whatever«-what  reascmable  objection  could  be 
made  to  it  ?  Could  the  most  partial  friend  of  England^  if  ac- 
tuated by  honourable  views,  require  better  terms  ? 

Let  us  analyse  the  a|Ta)ig(nBieiit--iBt  us  state  the  ^td|iro 

7h  JSmerka  it  ttj^or^td    \  . 
";1.  A  repeal  of  the  orders  in  councit— 
%  Atonement  fbr  the  outrage  on  the  Chesapeake. 

Ta  England 

%.  A  restoration  to  all  the  immense  advantages  of  the 
Wst  valuable  commerce  in  the  wcwld-^ 

2.  A  continuation  of  the  suspension  of  intercourse  between 
the  United  States  and  France. 

I  fredy  appeal  at  this  moment  to  George  Cabot,  James 
Lloyd,  jun.  ^vemor  Strong,  Timothy  Pickering,  Alexander 
Contee  Hanson,  or  to  Lord  Castlereagh,  to  decide  whether 
there  were  any^  thing  in  these  terms  that  could  warrant  the 
goveitoment  of  a  mij^ty  nation  to  break  the  faith  pledged  by 
its  minister— and  to  attach  shame,  disgrace,  and  dishmour 
to  that  minister  in  the  eyes  of  his  own  nation  and  of  the 
whole  world?  Neither  of  tiiese  genflemen  will  dare  to  aver 
that  there  was.  •^rv  0'; /^v-^i^i'^  ■:  .-,v  ,,,^  ,'\,;.. 

The  reader  who  haa  perioscd  "vlith  attentvoiQ  the  Btsklne 
arrangement,  and  considered  the  advantageous  terms  it  en-; 
sured  to  En^and,  will  be  struck  with  surprise.  He  wiB 
naturally  ask,  by  ^bat  ilktarred  and  fatal  counsels  were  the 
British  ministry  influenced  to  reject  this  meaeore  ?  Hiis  is 
a  question  not  easUy  answered.    I  shall  attempt  a  solution. 

A  recurrence  tpthe  20tii  chapter  of  this  work,  will  ahew 
the  tumultuous,  diseigainizing,  and  Jacobinical  proceedings 
that  occptred  in  Massachusetts  in  the  earigr  part  of  the  year 
1809.  Open  resistance  to  the  embargo  was  advocated  in  Uie 
iMpenhr'prcached  ifom  the  pulpit — ^mainly  menaced  in  the 
legislative  body— and  publicly  proclaimed  in  inflammatory 
resolutions  of  town  meetings. 

Intelligence  of  these  disgracefhl,  these  Jacobinical  proceed- 
ings reached  England  contemporaneously  with  the  account 
of  Mr.  Erskine's  arrangement.  It  is  highly  probable  that 
the  British  ministry  deceived  themselves  into  the  opinum 


'1 
m 


I 


:(3«*. 


WO 


THR  OLtVB  BRANdli. 


tiiat  oqr  gorermneiit  Would  be  obliged  to  abandbn  the  rea- 
tftctiVe  syitem  ultogether ;  that  they  would  then  be  able  to 
enforce  the  mrdeni  in  councUy  without  losihg  the  adTanta|i^8 
of  our  trade ;  and  that  this  consideration  induced  them  to  ire- 
jeet  the  arrangement. 

This  I  oft'er  merely  as  a  coiyecture.  That  it  is  plausible, 
cannot  be  denied.  But  in  our  day  there  will  pl^bably  be  no 
opportunity  of  ascertaining  how  far  it  is  correct. 

Ano^r  reason  has  been  assigned,  h  is  s^id  thikt  George 
III.  was  irritated  at  the  implied  censure  of  his  government 
respecting  the  conduct  of  admiral  Berkley,  which,  it  is  as- 
serted, so  far  wounded  his  feelings  as  to  induce  him  to  reject 
the  arrangement.  Many  of  our  citizen]}  have  defended  the 
rejection  on  this  ground.  Let  us  calmly  and  boldly  invest- 
igate  the  affaiiv 

The  United  States  are  in  a  state  of  profound  peace.  One  "^ 
of  their  frigates  leaves  port.  She  expects  no  attacks  She 
is  unprepared  for  resistance.  She  is  followed  by  a  vessel 
of  superior  fwce,  belonging  to  a  fHendly  power.  This  ves- 
sel has  just  eiyoyed  the  hospitalittes  of  our  ports.  She  over- 
takes our  frigate*  She  imperioiisly  demands  four  seai^en, 
said  to  be  British.— Britbh  or  Americans,  they  had  entered 
iroluntarily.  And  let  it  be  borne  in  remembrance,  the  de- 
mand is  made  by  a  nation  which  holds  ini  bondage,  thousands 
of  our  citizens,  who,  iik  the  pursuit  of  thtsir  lawful  vocations, 
have  been  seized  by  force  and  vidence,  and  often  with  blood- 
shed and  desperate  wbunds.  And  further  *  be  also  borne 
in  remembrance,  the  demand  is  made  b^        nation  which 

HAS  PBOCLAIMED,    AS    AIT  IBREVOCAULB    I.AW    TO   ALL  THB 

WORLD,  that  sht  wiU  hold,  at  roery  hazard,  those  teatnen,  no^ 
Uves  qfwhaUotter  eounfyy  tfuey  rar^  b$,  -who  enter  her  servve 
-ooluntar&iy  *  The  demand  is  repelled.  Our  frigate  is  at- 
tacked. Our  unresisting  citizens  are  cruelly  murdered !! ! 
The  decks  of  the  vesstil  iftow  with  Mood ! !  She  is  tijten. 
The  crew  is  overb&uled.  ?'onr  of  them  are  ontrageohsly 
seized  and  made  prisoners.  One  is  ignominiously  hanged !  * 
fHie  6ther  three,  tfSfy  proved  to  be  impressed  Americans, 
are  held  in  bondage— —I  can  go  no  fartner-^— -My  pen  re- 
fuses its  ofllce-7—-Does  not  this  blood  cry  to  heaven  for  ven- 
geance on  the  murderer?  Gah  the  foul  stain  be  eflhcedbut 
with  blood  ?  **  Whoso  sheddeth  man's  blodd]»  by  mate  shidi 
his  Ubod  be  shed.**  , 

But,  reader,  I  was  wrong.  My  fb^ngs  led  me  asttty* 
The  atonement  was  worthy  of  the  justice  of  the  monarch 
whose  subjects  perpetrated — worthy  of  the  nation  which  snf- 


*  Tub  reaion  1^  been  repevtedtf  aiii 
ntktntikmeA—,  WM  in  brntdagkos  I 
ty  tbe  pro^r  «(enti  of  oiir  goremment^ 


to  jwtUy  a  refuwl  of  tbe  •arreader  of 
off  war,  vfaea  daimed 


\,  to  juttu 


■%■ 


TH&  0I4VE  BRANCH. 


I9i 


fered— 4he  horiible  outrage.  For  Mmiral  Berktkif  '*  iBan 
reealUdfwm  atUgh^f  impmimU  MUt  lumowraUt  eomnand,  u» 
a  mark  €fihi  Miw's  iUtpkanut !  !***  But  liet  it  be  added*  h» 
was  reealled  to  be  pUuced  on  a  better  siatkni. — ^He  waa  re- 
moved ftnom  Halifax  to  be  stationed  at  Lisbon  f— And  $liig 
was  the  only  mark  of  disfdeasure  be  ever  e^perienoedi  In 
1810»  he  was  promoted  from  the  nvk  of  vice-admiral  to  tha^ 
of  admiral.    He  is  now  lord  high  admiral  of  Portugal. 

To  be  serious.  Every  man  of  a  correct  mind  and  sound 
principles  felt  that  bis  Britannic  miyesty  owed  it  to  himself 
to  have  disfdayed  his  di^ajq^irobatiou  of  the  foul  deed  in  some 
other  and  mwe  decisive  mode.  The  offender  ought  to  I^ave 
been  severely  punished.  And  ^erefore  it  is  imposiAble  not 
to  approve  the  dignifted  but  mild  style  in  which  the  presi- 
dent treats  the  transaction :— > 

"  I  am  authorised  to  infonn  yon,  thst  the  president  accepts  of  the  note 
delivered  fay  yon,  in  the  name  and  by  the  oidcr  of  his  Britannic  majesty, 
and  will  consider  the  same,  with  the  engagement  contained  theirein,  when 
fttlfilledt  at  a  tatitfaetion  fur  tie  ituult  tmd  injm  <f  wUcb  he  bat  con^lahied. 
But  1  have  it  in  express  charge  from  the  president  to  state,  that  while  he 
forbears  to  insist  on  a  further  punishment  of  the  oifending  o&tn,  fuiinot 
thetettteiuiUet^thejuttice  and  utility  of  auckatt  example,  nor  theUefpef 
tuaded  that  it  wuld  bttt  comport  vith  mutt  it  due  Jirom  U»,  Britannic  mqfef 
ty  to  hie  cvn  honour"  _,        ; 

To  enable  us  to  form  4  correct  idea  of  this  transaction,  let 
us  suppose  that  Commodore  Barron  had  anc'liored  in  Ports- 
mquth  or  Plymouth— that  twenty  of  his  sailors  had  voluntari- 
ly entered  on  board  a  BHtisb  frigate — ^that  he  had  demanded 
^em— that  he  had  followed  the  frigate  to  sea— had  attacked 
her^had  killed  part  of  her  crew--had  seized  as  many  as  he 
judiged  proper—and*  finally,  to  cap  the  climax,  that  he  had 
hanged  one  of  them.'  What  would  be  the  result  ?  Vengeance ! 
vengeawce  \  would  have  been  the  cry  from  the  Orkneya  to 
the  Land's  End— and  nothing  would  appease  the  insulted 
dignity  of  England*  but  Copenhagenizing  New-Tork*  er 
Baltimore*  or  Philadelphia*  or  Charleston. 


«  My  dear  Sir*  one  of  my  oxen  has  gored  one  of  yoior 
cows.'*  **  Well,  to  be  sure*  you  will  make  reparation— ^ybu 
will  send  me  a  eo^  in  the  place  of  the  <me  I  have  lost.  To 
that  you  cannot  make  any  objection."  «  It  ip  all  very  right. 
But  hold*  I  mistook.  It  is  alt  the  other  way.  It  vfos  ifour 
ox  that  gop^  mf  WW,**  «  So,  so,  we'll  see  about  it^  Cidl 
some  other  time."  «  My  good  Str*4his  is  not  very  correct. 
2%e  Mnest  would  have  hun  nKlniettled,  had  you  bun  as  wU' 
ling  Ut  do  jvttUxp  others,  oi  to  receive  U/romthtm,** 

•  Sm  Mr.  Enklns's  Letter,  Nal.  .     ,,     ^.^        ^ 

tThe QMii«e  was  Mmmitted  in  Jane.  He  did  not  leare  Ilslite  till  Dcfiem|ter> 


im 


tH 


tttE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


8iiroB  the  mkortwrnt  wHtteny  I  hftve  coniulted  Mr.  Can- 
ning^0  dMfMtchee  to  Mr.  EnkinC,  by  wkieh  H  »ppeu«  thi.* 
tKe  British  goTemmeiit  calculated  on  Mr.  Erakine'e  at^ust- 
ing  the  differences  between  the  two  nationa  on  the  firflowing 
basis: 

Jbitr0t*4fa  letter  Jrem  Mr.  Cwnung,  Sterttmrj,   to  rA«  ban.  HmM  M.  Sr- 
v"^  tihm,ilitted  Foreign  (0€e,  ytmuaiy  7i,  1909,  > 

'  **  1.  Tbtt  the  Anerieui  gorernnitnt  U  preiwred,  la  th*  evwnt  of  bit 
OMJeitjr't  coMentkig  to  withdnw  th«  oidan  fan  coaacil  of  Jtuaoacy  and  No* 
trcmbor,  VSOft  to  withdraw  cotemponiMoaa^  on  its  part  the  intovdiciioA 
of  its  IwrlMNMrt  lo  ihipt  of  w»r,  nod  »U  non-intercoorpe  Mid'ii(|fB>inpertaUon 
aeU  so  far  aireftpectt  Great  Britain ;  leaving  thenr  in  force  with  respect  to 
Franco,  and  the  powcn  which  adept  o^  aet  under  \Ai  dpeteet. 

*•  3.  (What  it  of  the  utmost  impiortance,  at  predwlrag  a  new  sooice  of 
misonderstanding  which  mi^t  ariae  after  the  aajAitment  of  the  other  mef 
tloni,)(r?'THA  rAMlililCA  IS  WILLING  T0  R&teNCB.  DURtMG  THE 
PHEaftNT  WAR,  THB  PRBTBN8ION  OP  CARRTmO  ON,  IN  TIME  Q¥ 
WAR,  ALLTKAOEWmi  THBENBMIBS*  COLONIES,, FROM  WHICQ 
SHE  WAS  l^XCLUDEOODRING  PEACE !! ! 

<•  3.  Great  Britain,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  operation  of  the  em« 
bargo*  and  of  (he  hsmapk  ihtentton  of  America  to  pi«yent  hercitixetas  from 
traoiag  with  France,  and  the  powers  adopting  and  acting  under  the  French 
decrees.  ^  IS  TO  B£  CONSIDERED  AS  BEING  AT  LIBERTY  TO 
CAPTtme  ALL  SUCH  AMBKICAN  VESSELS  AS  MAY  BE  FOUND  AT. 
TEMPTING  TU  TRADE  WITH  THE  PORTS  OF  ANY  OF  THESE  POW- 
ERS \  \  \  withoBt  whieh  KMoritjr  for  the  obMrranee  of  the  emtMrMS  the  nWngor  it 
nominallj  with  respect  to  Great  Britain  alone,  would,  in  fact,  raiae  it  with 
respect  to  all  the  world.  > 

"  OC^  ^  f^'"  co'u'i'ioM  Ai«  ii^eeq  vouUeameHt  f  withdraw  the  onkre  in 
couneii  ^Jamuary  mui  Uo^embert  loOT,  to  far  aeretpeete  America!* 

Let  us  examine  twis  most  precious  document  with  all  the 
attention  its  importance  demands.  Let  us  weigh  its  every 
line  and  every  word.  Let  us  see  what  justice,  what  fair 
dealing  it  meted  out  to  this  ityured*  this  insulted^  this  plun- 
dered nation.  Let  us  see  how  far  the  advocates  (rf  Euf^lsh 
liberality  and  English  justice  are  borne  outin  their  commen- 
dations of  England,  and  their  intemperate  abuse  ^  their 
own  jpovernment 

The  orders  in  council,  existing  at  the  date  of  the  Erskine 
arrangement,  blockaded  Prance,  Holland,  and  a  part  of 
Italy ;  containing  a  population  of  about  fifty  millions  of  peofde. 

By  Mr.  Canning's  instructions  to  Mr.  Erskiri^,  these  or^ 
dera  were  to  be  resf^iMcd  on  three  conditions— 

1.  Taking  off  ail,  restrictions  from  the  English  Com- 
merce. 

^  O*  «  Renouncing  during  the  existing  war,  aU  trade 
with  th()  enemies*  cobnies  from  which  we  were  excluded  in  ■ 
time  of  peace :"  in  other  wordis,  assenting  by  trea^  to  tht 
uiyust  and  exploded  rule  of  1766. 

S.  Allowing  the  British  to  capture  our  veissels  bound  to 
France  aiid  her  dependencies;  Which,  reader,  QJ^u  nei- 

THBB   MORB   mm  JAM,    THAN  WBAVI1C«  Tm  OUVHS  IN 


THE  PUVB  BRANCH. 


189 


iboiii- 


cocnciL  niTO  ▲  trbatt—- giving  ouc  wwii  talemii  mnctioii 
to  tlie  extravaganlt,  pntensioiis  of  Grent  ||riUiii  to  limit  oii|r 
trade,  wliieli  pretensions  we  had  sjteadtty  resisted. 
.  Stupendous  imuttice  I—Never  before  were  «vcli  revolting 
propositions  madfe  to  any  motion*  not  absolutelgr  suiyugated* 
What !  Make  a  treaty  by  whieh  we  let  loose  upon  oUr  de- 
fenceleta  commerce*  the  whole  host  of  the  thousand  public 
ships  of  war>  and  the  hundreds  of  privateers,  (tf  the  {greatest 
naval  power  in  the  world !  The  mind  is  lost  in  Mtonisbment 
at  snob  an  unparalleled  requisition. 

But  gross,  and  insulting,  ttnd  outrageous  as  was  this  pro- 
position—-destruetive  as  its  acceptance  would  have  been  to 
the  vital  interests  of  tiliis  country^ — ^tbere  was  no  IMeral 
printer  firom  New-Hampahire  to  Gleorg^a,  that  expressed  a 
single  word  of  censMre  of  the  conduct  of  Eikgland  for  her 
danng  and  insulting  demands,  or  for  her  breach  of  thA  con- 
tract. No.  Eng^&nd  was  uniformly  right— their  own  go- 
vernment  as  un^ormly  wrong.  It  seemed  impossible  for 
England  to  commit  any  act,  or  make  any  demand  that  would 
not  be  justified-— 

Let  me  establish  these  allegations— 

"  It  livvinr  been  •hewn,  that  th«  plea  of  ignoranct  is  iiwdaiinible  in  the 
cue  of  the  Enkiae  umuigement ;  that  it  was  the  Mcretary's  duty  to  know 
the  power  of  the  minister  before  he  proceeded  to  act  upon  it ;  that  to  act 
vpon  an  unknown  power,  is  to  act  without  powers  it  follows  that  our  ad- 
ministration, if  they  understood  their  business,  must  have  been  aware  that 
(C^  tbey  wen  negqeiathig  viith  <m  unmtthoriud  ra(^Sw<&a/— unauchorised  quoad 
hoc,  as  to  this  particular  subject— with  one  mbo  bad  tbevm  uoautboritf/er  tie 
purpote.  Consequently  they  had  no  reason  to  rely  on,  nor  to  expect,  a  ful- 
filment of  the  compact  by  the  British  government,  gj'  Jtnoving  an  tluy  didt 
that  it  had  keen  agreed  H/km  wtktmt  anjy  adequate  informatkm  of  the  terme 
haniw*  Seen  authorized  6y  that  government."  United  Sutes'  Gacette,  De- 
cember 11.  1809. 

Nowj  my  dtiar  reader,  whoever  yon  be,  that  have  come 
thus  for  with  me,  let  me  solemnly  invoke  you,  in  the  name 
of  the  Qod  of  Peaee,  to  make  a  pause  here.  As  you  value 
your  beloved  country — as  you  prizle  its  honour— its  happi- 
ness—y^or  own  welfare — the  happiness,  the  welfare  of  your 
posterityr-review  this  whole  subject.  I  must  once  more 
bring  it  before  your  eyes. 

A  British  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipoten- 
tiary  informs  our  government  that  he  has  orders  to  propose 
an  arrangement  of  two  or  three  leading  points  of  differenciB 
between  the  two  countrie.s,  preparatory  to  a  treaty.  His 
overtures  are  accepted.  An  anrangement  is  made.  It  is  high- 
ly advantageous  to  both  nations;  but  more  particularly  to  that 
odTtbe  envoy.  There  is  not  the  slightest  sacrifice  of  its  honour 
or  interest.  After  this  arranjgement  is  completed,  we  are  as- 
sured ten  thousand  times  that  England  had  been  always  ready 
to  arrange  our  diff'erences  on  these  very  terms.  The  United 


Iti 


w 


THB  OlilVB  BRANCH. 


BUtM  Gaiette  oxpreMly  itatet  that  **  aho  IimI  requoRtod  Mr. 
JeflVinon  to  do  tne  iame  thing.*'— And  yot,  w)i«n  the  ar- 
rangement it  rejcotedi  thin  tame  United  Statea  Oaaett^  ai- 
■trta  that  th»  envojr  extraordinary  had  no  power  to  malte 
the  eonvontion— deninda  England  for  the  breaoh  of  her  en- 
gagement— and»  a*  I  have  already  atatody  trnnsfnra  the  odi- 
um to  itiTown  government ! ! !  No  powers  of  language  are 
adequate  to  expreaa  my  aatoniihment. 

*•  No  f xprt ulon  bu  cwtptd  tnjr  mflmbcr  of  the  Britith  etblmt.  either 
Inptrtlkinent  or  tiMwhero,  ni«klnf  Indtcoreui  InilnuMlOM  Bt*'i**t  ^^* 
Unliad  ItttM.  or  mMifotUng  a  ttmptr  unfritndix  to  conciliation.  On  the 
contrary  (hey  have  dicolarod  a  naith  to  rtntw  amkabit  ntgoeiatim  /  have  nam* 
•d  a  minieter  for  that  pvrpoM  i  and  with  at  liaet  apparent  lincerlty  have 
mpreiNd  their  feare  that  tliii  unfortunate  error  of  Mr.  £riklne  may  In* 
•reaie  the  ditBcultlee  of  aAriendly  arrangement  betwttn  the  eottntrlei." 
United  Statee'  OaietUi  Oct  S,  1809. 

"  Bt  letteve  fVom  welUlnformed  men  In  England,  we  are  aMurcd  that 
th»tim4ittt«f  Mr>  Ertkin*  heomUtmudfyoU  partttt  itt  that  funtryt  that 
the  temper  of  the  public  it  far  beyond  that  of  the  minlitry.    A  vtry  gene* 
Inion 


Tbemat' 


ral  opinion  prevatle  there,  that  It  will  be  very  difficult  to  keep  any  terms 
with  thli  country)  fAa*«w  an  if&krenllgf  m»m  iitvotad  to  tki  tnttrtitt  «f 
/'VoNCti  «x6e  art  iiHermiimt  <e  intirt  on  ttrnttfrom  Mnglmd  m»kieb  hf^fjtr  eon  be 
obtttimif .'/"  Boium  Palladium.  Aug  11, 1809. 

•*  Thtfet^tit  bmo  betHjIagrantfy  dteeiveJ,  ami  grotth  abuttdf  f  I 
ttr  rttlt  wrwfm  Mr.  ErtUnt  and  our  admihitlration  f  !  !  Wherever  the  blame 
•hall  attach,  It  ie  for  the  people  to  apply  or  originate  the  remedy."  iW. 
Jtrpuhiitm,  July  31. 

•*  /n  «6or(i  Mr.  BrMne  mrremdtrtdnery  tbingt  a»d  got  notbing  In  rttum  I  f  I" 
Ibid. 

M  For  our  part,  «*  Aove  had  hut  one  opinion  from  the  commtneement  oftMt 
it^eterioue  aJfaii— and  we  have  made  bold' to  expreii  it.  It  U,  that  Mr' 
Erttine  atieaeontrarjf  to  hie  inttruetione .' .' f-^and  tbat  eeerttary  Smith  hm> 
iwkii  tbeit  inetruetione  faere  / .' .'"    Ibid. 

Before  I  offbr  any  eommont  on  the  thre  e  laat  articleSf  I  wish 
to  state  to  the  reader,  that  I  have  extr^ed  them  from  a 
pamplilet  published  by  Mr.  Niles*  e<tfH^^ 
are*' — that  I  have  had  no  oppor|a|tt)f  jlM^^i^ 
the  originals— but  that  1  h wif ti  i^lMpgi  W^*'*  HilM'»"'Pi  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  Federal  Repifliii%^»tiii^  me  if  I 
have  misauoted  his  papei*.  I  have  ret6«Np^Jmi  reply.'-and 
therefore  It  is  to  be  presumed  the  quotaliini  are  correct. 

Mr.  Hanson  states  that  "  JUi*.  ErsHne  turrendered  tuer^ 
thing,  and  gol  n^tthing  in  retnm  ."*  What  a  stupendous  disre- 
gard of  fact  is  ermbraced  in  these  few  words !  It  it  Impassi- 
ble to  exceed  it.  What  did  he  surrender?  Merely  the odi- 
()U8|  the  uiyust  or^emin  oonneill  And  did  he  receive  nothing 
in  rt^turn?  Was  the  immense  trade  of  the  United  'States 
nothing?  Was  it  notliing  to  iMrpetuate  the  non-intercourse 
witli  France,  till  she  rescinded  her  piratical  decrees  ?  I  aver 
in  the  face  of  ^s  nation,  and  defy  Mr.  Hanson  to  contro- 
vert tlio  fact,  tMi  England  gained  immensely-->and  that  she 


TUB  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


195 


niirrendered  iMitliInf  lint  what  joRtlee  ought  to  htv6  ihdiwed 
her  to  hare  surrendered  long  belbref  of  her  oirn  aeoord. 

<*  I  Mtrmt  my  Mlmr^liiMM  tntmampuv  »«  •  UMI*  Mhur  b  tlw  OTtmiMiloii 
«ir  litow  InvMlifM  whl«h  th«  Mien  MTm  ImmMM  party  la  thU  oouMiy  IntiiiMitfa- 
ntterifliiMl  OreM  Rriitin  fcr  th*  purpoM  or«uip«nung  lu  luU  war."  U.  Matei 
OtMtta,  Oet.  II,  IW9.  ■  }  I 

**  He  [Mr.  BnkiiM]  abo  d«oUrM  that  tha  Britiih  MvamoMiit  hava  undoobt. 
adiy  a  right  to  diaavow  th*  afraenwnt  i  ando:^  Miy  Kant  4mw  nwrv  i*A|r 
that  kttwm  m  AMMMPoMf  moMM  <•  frevtta  ivit  etiuequmeet  ariiing  to  tba  citi - 
tent  of  thb  oountry  ftom  tnittiiMP  to  the  terma  of  the  agrecoient  bekur  ftil- 
aiM."    y.  t.  GaMttet  Oet.  5,  1809. 

-  Ilk  |k  tnith  which  the  wlaeat  and  beat  patriots  of  America  have  long  and 
Mrio^•^r  deplored,  that  Q^  IM  part  adrnMrtratttH  hddJi$mMul  m  igmptm 
4  itKffkHality  hthmntht  tm  MUgermiB,  prftrieua  to  the  act  inhibiting  the 
etrnmcil  of  our  porta  t«  the  armed  vesaela  or  the  one  an  well  aa  of  the  other, 
k  thai  Bpirit  whieb  Mr.  Smith  atiU  retaina^  and  now  laboura  to  revhe  bi  the 
boaom  of  othen,  a;^  Aaatf%  re  AyMwl  and  lam  attteerM'emy  «•  France,  art 
knnmtaliavthMatu^mamHilUJkafmtt  f  t  Tbe«iiiwto are  to  the  poa* 
wuion  of  everv  man  \  which  prove  that  the  feelings  of  the  great  body  of  the 
people,  not  tlieir  leadera.  preserved  u»  flrom  «  war  m  which  *  complete  suecess 
would  have  riveted  chains  on  ourselves.^    U.  8,  Qaaette,  October  18, 1809. 

**  It  will  be  obacrved  that  this  ahow  of  worda,  and  theae  negative  atate* 
menta,  after  all,  1^  the  preaident,  aerve  only  to  make  tlie  public  Delicve,  that 
O:^  h»  had  M  reoaen  u  opfirthtnd  a  ditavtwal.  He  ia  not  hardy  eneu^  to  aay, 
that  under  the  cireumaunces  of  the  case,  (ty  the  BritUh  rvoemmmu  vma 
hmulieadMe  Jy  ErehMe  oet  t  at  that  they  conducted  perfldioualv  in  diaa- 
vowing  it.  Yet  thia  aspersion,  one  of  the  most  ii\jurious  and  provoKing  that 
can  be  thrown  upon  %  nation,  bu  been  uttered,  and  ineessantlv  repeated,  fbr 
several  months,  in  eveiy  democratic  paper  in  the  union.*'  Idem»  December 
30,  1809. 

*<  Every  one  acknowle^Cee,  titat  had  our  executive  concluded  the  arrange' 
ment  of  April  last,  with  Mr.  Brskine,  knowing  that  he  was  unauthorized,  the 
whole  responsibility  for  the  consequences,  however  serious,  would  have  reeled 
upon  themselves,  it  has  been  maintained  by  the  editor  of  this  Gazettr  uid 
isnow  demonstrated  by  the  indubitable  authorities,  adduced  by  Mr.  ^  >.>., 
that  {7*  **  AoM  deae  n  wttheut  hu/wing  that  he  woe  aHthoritedt  wu  equoi'j 
mmarrantoUe,  and  l^fi  the  admMttrotten  m  ground  on  -wUeh  to  claim  a  riuifiea' 
((•1  ^fj^  preceedtag  hy  the  BrtHtk  gevemment.  It  is  proved  beyond  a  doubt 
that  07"  thegnemment  mfght,  with  Jutt  at  umeh  propriety,  home  cqf^d  -with 
generai  Smith,  or  ofy  oMer  individual t  eencludtd  a  convention/  proceeded  ta 
cany  it  into  execution  on  their  part/  and  then  raited  a  etameur  againtt  the 
gevernment  ^f  Great  Britain,  and  aeeuied  them  ^perjttfy  and  breach  tf  faith 
fir  not  recogniting  aad/ul/tUing  the  rt^tdationi."    Idem.  Dee.  38, 1809. 

"  IF,  aa  aaaerted  by  Mr.  Brskine,  his  powers  were  communicated  to  our  cabi. 
net  in  subatanoe-4f^the  heada  of^  depitrtmenta  did  early  communieate  to  the 
leading  memberaof  both  branches  of  their  own  politics,  O  the  hwompeleney 
4 kit  pewen,  and  the  probtMUty  ^  the  r^tiontfthe  agreement  by  Great 
Britain— ^hm  that  adjustment,  to/ar/rombeingaprottfufa  ditpoiition  to 
makepeace  and  ttttU  our  dMnvnctt,  (rT  IS  THE  STRONGEST  EVIDENCE 
OP  A  HOSTItB  TEMPBB  t  because  Mr.  Madison  knew,  that  the  revulsion 
and  the  disappointment  oeoaaioned  by  it  among  our  citixens,  would  M»ite  new 
clamours,  and  would  break  to  pieeea  that  fiMmidable  phalanx  of  men,  who, 
durinjt  our  embarraMments,  had  learned  to  spedc  and  tiiink  more  iavuiirably, 
and  of  course  more  justly,  of  Great  Britun."  Idem,  December  9, 1809. 
,  **  If  such  hu  been  his  idm  (aiid  perhaps  a  deeper  politician  does  not  exist) 
It  hu  been  coiApletely  attained.  His  own  party  are  again  roused  to  a  war 
pitch.  OCT*  l^i*tn  tomtfidtroHttt  are  open  in  their  centure  of  Great  Britain  for 
Cy  DOIKU  HBB  DUTY  TO  HERSBU',  and  exerc'uing  a  tight  we  have 


'/M 


189 


THB  dLIYE  BRANCH. 


dmmeWaidiMdifMWMilt  and  Mlur  fcdMmlbti  doubt,  tad  «m  in  Imtbw  of 
waitte  to  hear  Mr.  Erakino'a  esplanatioiM,  aiida:^  STILL  PB0P08B  TO 
FLACE  AN  ILL  0B8BRVED  CONFIDBNCE  tlTMB  MADISON.'*  Idem. 

Of  this  last  pMwgrftph  I  shall  inske  but  one  obserfsiCioii, 
to  Wbieh  I  request  tttentidii.  It  is,  tbfit  iceordiog  to  the 
United  States  Gasette,  it  was,  in  December,  QJ'  **  the 
wn"  ov  EifttiiANB  **  TO  RBBSBLF,"  to  reject  an  arrange- 
ment wbieh  the  same  Oasette  in  April  stated  {j^  *1u  had 
repeaUMjf  in  vain  prtiud  <m  Mr,  Jefirum  !  !! 

To  facilitate  a  comparison  of  the  astonishing,  the  never- 
CBough-to-be-lamented  contradictions  of  opinions  that  were 
promvlgated  On  this  sabject,  iw  the  purpose  of  pdsoning 
the  publie  mind,  I  place  in  opposite  columns  some  of  the 
stateoMnts  that  preceded,  and  those  that  flawed  the  re- 
jection of  the  Brslcine  arrangement.  The  human  mind 
cantaot  coneeire  aAy  thing  more  comjrfetely  inconsistent. 


«*  At  to  the  revocation  of  the  mrdm 
M  emmeil  it  ia  mereljr  neeeaaaty  to  ob- 
aenre^  that  the  term»  which  our  go« 
venment^  turn  accepted  mifh$  kSnt 

WERE  ALWAVS  m  OUR  POW- 
ER."  Federal  Republican,  May  3. 

**Let  Mr.  Enkine'a  overture  fer 
an  aeeomiBodiition  be  eiewed  in  what* 
cnrei^  light  it  nuy  rait  democratic  in- 
eenui^  to  place  it,  and  they  will  find 
that  tbe  deluaion  to  long  Icept  up  u 
eiftctoally  diaaipated— their  dbOtUeal 
achemes  eomptetely  finutrated. 

**  Great  Britain,  bi  the  true  tptrit  tff 
«k'^ tt wMSt^ (•  meet u»"  Idem. 

*' To  the  honour  of  Enghmd,  and 
the  eonfuaion  of  firmeh  apiea  and  con- 
vict ftigtthrea  from  the  Britiah  domini- 
one,  lur  miniatiy  aelaed  the  fint  fli> 
vouvaUe  moment  to  make  honourable 
reparation  ibr  the  insult  offered  our 
flag,  and  to  negociate  a  commercial 
treaty."  Uem,  April  3^. 

**  The  authority  veated  in  Mi  Bra- 
Une  tooflfer  the  terma  to  thia  govern- 
ment  which  have  been  acoedid  to^ 
was  merely  proinsionai,  and  was  not 
to  be  eaerciaed  unlesa  the  anUcipated 
diiiwe  in  oar  political  rdations,  on 
whid  they  were  predicated,  ahould 
take  place.  Mr.  Erskine  haa  aince 
received  potMoe  inatruetkma  from  his 
government  to  makei  the  arrangement 
already  concluded.  These  iww  tn- 
ftntetiatu,  which  manifest  the  tamett 
desire  of  England  toheal  tbe  diffbr- 
cneea  between  the  two  ooontriea,  are 
occasioned  by  a  knowledge  that  the 
noft^ntercoorse  law  had  actually  pas- . 


**  Wbat  waa  but  a  few  dava  an 
a  doubtfiil  point,  ia  now  aettled  by  the 
publication  of  Mr.  Erakine'a  instruc- 
tiona.  Suflli^t  information  has  been 
received  to  convince  all  candid  per* 
aons,  that  the  rancour  with  which  the 
Bngliah  cabinet  haa  been  pursued, 
and  the  violent  abuse  with  which  it 
haa  been  aasatiled,  waa  vmiutrvti. 
We  do  not  entertain  a  dpubt  wjien  all 
the  circumstances  shall  have  beien  dis« 
closerl,  that  (Cj*  U  wilt  ajfpear  that  $t. 
eretaiy  Smith  aetmdl^  mw  Ertkine'i 
inttrveUmu ;  and  that  the  arrattfetHeni 
vatmadtp  werefg  a$  an  experiment. 
We  flsel  confident  that  the  thing  wiU 
be  put  upon  thia  Iboting.  (C^  ^  the* 
the  United  Statee  wiO  be  ultimat^in' 
jured  Ay  ttik  actt  they  vdU  judge  wAetv 
OeNameHee'* 

Fed.  Rep.  July  ST,  1809. 

**  Our  cabinet,  pertainly  not  a  little 
interested  in  strengthening  the  cause 
of  democracy,  have  preiwled  upon 
Mr.  Erskine  to  do  an  act  which  nu 
extricated,  thmrpartvfimn  the  most 
embarraasing.  and  difficult  aituation 
that  it  was  poesiblc  fiv  them  to  be 
placed  in,  which  iiey[tlie  cabinet] 
iniew  would  notberatinedt  thevata 
aingle  dadh,  rid  themselvea  of  all  tiie 
obnoxious  measures  which  brought  so 
much  ridioide  atfid  ^Ujjraee  upon  their 
party,  and  have  contrived  fat  a  thne,- 
to  heap  odium  vptut  Bngiand.  In  the 
next  place  by  aeeming  to  in^wove  the 
first  opportnnity  of  aa  arrangement 
with  Bnglimd,  they  dinroved  to  tip- 
pearanee  tiie  chann  or  animosity  to 
England  and  partiioity  ibr  France. 


THB  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


m 


tv«wof 
MTO 
•  Idem. 

to  the 
«  THE 

range- 
hehad 

never- 
A  were 
[soiling 
of  the 
the  re- 
I  mind 
int. 

ityt  •(• 

led  by  the 
I  Inttrue* 
ihMbeen 
ndid  per* 
wbkhibe 
I  pursued, 
whieh  it 

A,  wfien  til 

Bbcendis> 

mrthatts- 

ErMfie*! 

thinic  Witt 
imtttelgtn- 

37-,  1809. 
lot » little 
the  cwiie 
lied  upon 
rhieh  nu 
the  moat 
ntttfttion 
im  to  be 
cabinet) 
[ttbevftt* 
of  dltfae 
mcbt  M 
>n  their 
a  time,- 
In  the 
jvethe 
igemcnt 
to  ep* 
lity  to 


Md.  piMJaff  the  beUifvwU  on  a  Mr 
fboUnffoTfinpartkUtjr.  bapiteofall 
the  intnguee  and  deeqttionf  of  tlpe 
FtaMh  party*  iKe  we  oen>inwd  that 
a  hnpf  terminetifln  will  be  pvt  toow 
dta^SS.whhBngk;^.*' 

Fed.  Rm.  June  17. 
MR  wee  the  PoUot  of  iir.  Jelfrr* 
■oBtelMpaUvem  the minde of  our 
people  eperpeteal  irriuuim  aaainat 
the  fsveraoMnt  of  Oreot  Anf foA  /  we 
an  Mtppy  to  Ibid  that  Mr.  Madiioa 
hae  mere  VActmI  ftewa.** 

Fed.  Sep.  June  10. 
"FMee  with  Engiandp-The  ver 
prnig  mtd  Fmiehpammma  an  Onmm 
hftfmfkteett^m.  Tlwpeneve- 
NMe'of  the  JBMcni  aMM^  aided  by 
the  retun^  eenee  of  a  fttmii' ' 


rhaee  were  the  in^oftnt  edtei^ 
.  whkhMr.lecretaiylmithfleU 
teied  hnaieirwottld  be  the  Ihiit  of  Us 
eunmnj^^  Jlj  ^tktlOmK  m  arWfs. 
■MBit  wMehhekssf  wee  snanidMi* 
aedMthe  pert  of  Mr.  IreUB^  an« 
would  ncoesaanlybe  r^sslMbfthe 
Britiah  gufttnaent  i  he  fHitrtrt 
that  the  edminietMUsn  wwdd  be  raw 
dered  gneetly  popslir*  and  the  reaaofr 
ment  of  the  people  propertionahlf 
augmented  agaiaet  Enjrianid,  when- 
ever the  ^Uicfowal  ahoua  be  reedf^ 
od.  vnMncve*  h  rfttU  be  SMle  to 
apeeer  theft  the  netfenhH  bam  4s> 
cdved,  the  triek  will  NooiluMn  the 
Beew^trjrjnd  Ma  iMUPty  %rhh  teefcli 
enet.  Tti0  AsMrlaan  jpaopleesnnafc 
bear  knavery  Md'iiMetttiQB.  ffthaf 
diaeorer  that  a  ftana  haa  beaaprae* 
tiaed  upon  them  at  biMs^  the  attempt 
to  Mdae  a  olamoar  agiusl  edien,i»ill 
be  fcnndf  but  a  poor  pnKectOoa  to 
thdr  poptdarfty."   Meih. 

*"rhoee  who  wcKihdBC  ViolMt  at 
first  in  eahnuriating  biglaud  are  ticnt 
willing  at  kaat  to  ausj^  their  4U> 
eiaion,  if  not  to  admit  that  tmr  mm| 
cobtHtt  m  aone  meaaura  win  pernM*^ 
pate  hi  Ifr.  Bnkhie'a  bhae.'' 

nd.  Rtp.  Afllg.  % 


haiit^A  the  peoBlleof  the  flouthwaid. 
\ain  tmm  /UMfmUTBATlON 
PSOM  ITS  OHOUWD.  Since  Mr. 
JeRraon  haa  retited  in  df^jroee  into 
pnraie  uie^  Aw  luccttttit  na#  onn  mii> 
prikdU  atmUkm  the  ruhmu  ptihg  wt- 
dir  whkh  tk«  emmtrg  Aor  m  Im^  inf- 
find.  WHh  the  mtgiHmimUjf  and 
yWMlnwMcharaeteriatie  Of  ajTM^and 
tnUgkmtd  natkin,  BugUmt  mmdt  a 
mmiauemp*  <•  reeew  rA«  Mrmt  ^ 

OKUljf  WNT  ptttt  OttWOM  M0  IHC  iM* 

K«M.  The  particulars  of  the  oorrea- 
pondence  between  Mr.  firskhie  and 
the  seesetasy  of  state  are  ^^ven  fai  tide 
day's  paper.  It  prorea  wnat  «w  have 
so  often  repeated,  and  which  haa  ever 
been  stubbomiy  deided  by  the  damf 
craft,  that  Great  Britain  wa»  ahiag* 
iKjhtauedijf  a tineert  derire  to  occsm* 
awdkile  Asr  wi/irfiiiwfe  «(|^fawie«a  wt'tA 
Jlmtriea.  The  picaervaUon  of  t^^ 
eoohfy  hn  gtown  out  of  the  cffbrta 
<tf  the  ndaonty  in  eengrfesa.* 

^em,AprilSl. 
«*We  shall  not  ftop  to  cnquhe 
vfaetfKr  tiw  spirited  and  i^oroua 
meaaaica  of  New^fnglaad—tbeir  dB> 
tenaiaed  publie  declayationa  that 
they  would  not  sul^mit  to  an  unnecee- 
saiy  and  deatnietivewiu',  have  induced 
the  administration  to  liafen  to  1^  lAe 
HtmtthmvkMiQrtatfirUiituhaaai' 
wcyt  AoM  rem^  M  ^er^  and  f  rMch 
ve  have  vn^imk  tui^nded  the  vxu 
Hiteerefy  dhpmetT 

Beaton  Gaz.  April  1809. 

I  could  fill  a  folio  volume  with  these  firathy^  etaborite  «tA 
anti.Ameriea»  defenees  oC  the  British^  and  ineolpations  of 
the  United  States  gevemment.  But  I  feel  satisfied  that  I 
have  done  enough ;  and  that  there  is  none  but  the  wHftaBy 


IM 


mOUVBBtANOH. 


MhMI  MM intft  that  Holime  ifvr tBMiM  boiiit  of  mn  trw 
ient»  kwN^  veiloaf»  or  nore  teiwtriout  adfoeitettliaii  the 
imim  oC  GrMi  Uritftin  hit  eipwlMwedl  to  Bottott*  N«w 
TmIk,  Midi  Pkil«klphl»^iMl  that  iSMrt"M?«rwas  uad- 
nInlitratliMi  mniMa  with  more  remoneleti  Tlru*  ~ee,Md 
%i|h  loM  leittUaoee  of  Jwilee  tluui  Mr.  Madlion*!  L.  ^  boon. 
.After  tb«  reader  hae  eereMlly  peruoed^tbeoe  wretelwd  it* 
tOMvIa  te  palliate  tke  MI7  and  nadaeaiortlM  BrMah  niala. 
try  la  ther^tlra  of  aueh  an  adraiktaMone  aad  ^olKMlrable 
arrangemeol  ofUie  dUnBreneee  between  tke  two  natk)Bi»  and 
to  tranifer  flrom  that  miniatry  the  odiam  they  lo  justly  de- 
aeiTidji  to  the  adnlniitratton  of  the  AmerleaB  govemnent, 
|heg  heVFttl  attentivelT  examine  the  fbUowing  view  of  the 
Bttl^eetf  taken  fiNWi.BeU'o  Weekly  lleoaeager*  of  whieh  the 
troth  and  eaadoor  are  entttled  to  tke  highest  approbathw  t— . 

«*  Bat  ttii  point  if  tut  it,  tVkt  ft*  dUMrcM^y  of  Mr.  Br«kiB«'!i  Ml,  b  of 
»|riic««llhtliigiWT«l«biidadofEn|lMdtowu4ftAiaMk«.  WlMSitar 
•^repaistlncotaayl  in  Mr  waf  •dmittcd  H.  aor  tM»  towwdls  AmriaLkA 
tlwtjB  biMn  iMol^i  M*  Aur  cendact  ovtry  thiaf  bat  Mtadljr.  Evwj  mw 
j^ofi^o^tl)*  Co«^nt )  OTtrf  itraw  to  iho  dioww«(  oiptctanoM  of  En. 
irepo.  IimW  •opovatod  this  onworthy  MntiaMat.— In  oar  fnptpnUj  wo 
Imwo  MliM  Anirka  t  and  whoa  thiaga  aro  aot  m  wall  wkh  wt  wo  bavo 
vaiMM4  our  obrlfb  ia-tojorioos  langoaca  and  onworthx  coBdncvtowvdt  bor. 
.WbMot  tboro  wore  any  bopot  la  Spoiot  Aaiorko  copid  got  aotbipg  diftet 
';ftom  M.  Bat  diwppoiatnwnt  broogbt  at  tp  oar  ■oatoo,  aod  tbo  aogoeiatioa 
waarenowod.  Tbo  coalition  war  on  tbo  Condaoat  iMo  ihwobi>liik  oot, 
and  wo  bogin  to  ropont  of  onr  oondoKoniloa. 

"  In  tbia  mannor  baa  tba  American  nogodatiea  been  on  and  off,  daring 
■ome  ycara^-Onr  demanda  rUing  with  oor  bopea  and  pio^erity,  and  019 
modonUon  ce^oaiatent  witb  onr  diaappofatmoat"* 


GHAPTEBXXXI. 

immtasnuiU  of  Jtnurkan  Seamen,    PUaef  JanUi  Midhoft. 
^JohnquiwifJidaiM.  qfmn.C<ibbett,  OfWukljfJItgiiUr, 

AN  idea  is  veiy  prevalent*  that  the  impressment  of  our 
'  seamen  hy  the  British  vessels  of  war  is  a  grievanee  of  little 
moment*  to  which  the  malice  entertained  by  our  admi- 
nistration against  England,  has  attached  an  Importanee 
of  which  it  is  utterly  undeserving.  Hundreds  of  tbouMmds 
of  our  citizens  have  been  duped  into  the  belief  that  thia  item 
of  grievance  was  created  under  Mr.  Jefferson*  or  at  least 
incalculably  exaggerated  by  him  and  hia  sneeessor,  Never 
was  there  a  more  egregious  error.  Never  was  fhipd  more 
auccessAd  in  propagating— iuever  wasfatuitous  eredulify  more 
deceived  in  believing*  a  tale  as  fiireign  flrom  the  truth  as 
Brebua  is  from  Heaven. 

.  *  Tbo  ddef  part  of  tbo  cstracta  in  tUa  cbapter  are  taken  from  "Tbiaga 
Mtber  are."  written  and  pabUsb«d  bj  Heiekiali  Mine*  editor  ef  tbo 
WiekV  Regiater. 


TiU  (NLIVB  BIkANCIi. 


IV9 


Mr.  MadlMii  bts  bt«n  ton  ttomaBd  timM  tunzX  for  bis  felly 
•nd  wiekedacM  In  involTlng  thlp  wuntry  in  wtr  for  the  pur^ 
poM  of  Meiirinc  t  few  •etacDf  who  trc  Mid  to  be  vagftbond 
EqglUbt  Mid  Irifbt  Mid  8€otohaieo>  tbe  mwa  oftbe  earth, 
flrom  tbe  elainui  of  their  ^awfel  prince.  It  hei  been  aaoertoi 
that,  few  or  none  of  the  nativee  of  thii  eonntry  are  InprMaed 
— that. when  siieh,  Ml  osoidmUtaMt  pket,  redreae  le  easllx 
had— and  ftortber»  thtit  England  let  and  haa  at  all  tiqiea  been* 
ready  to  mahe  any  arrangement  whereby  ear  aatiora  nuiy  be 
guarded  againit  iupreeamentf  provided  she  ean  be  seeiired 
agaiasi  the. loss  of  hers. 

These  asserttona  are  utterly  felae.  Fross  the  oommeiiee- 
nent  of  the  war  of  tbe  Freooh  revolatlonf  to  the  late  ileelar^ 
ation  of  hoatilitieSf  this  has  been  n  eonstantf  nnceasing  sutijeet 
of  reelanatiun  and  eomplaint  to  tbe  Bri^h  jovemnientt  aa 
well  under  the  administrations  af  Geiteral  Washington  and 
Mr.  Adamsy  as  under  thoae  (rfMr.  Jeffeifon  And  Mir.  Madiwn. 
And  disgraeeftilt  and  dishononrahle»  and  infeino«s»  wonid  it 
hare  been  to  any  of  the  presidentot  hai^  they  been  deaf  to  the 
oomplaintor  and  cadons  to  the  sufl)bring8»  of  the  Amerlean 
slaves*  stolen  by  fence  an4  firand  from  their  familieOf  and 
freedom,  and  favoured  country,  to  perish  lighting  the  battles 
of  their  enslavera. 

«  The  praetioe  has  no  parallel*  either  for  atrocity  or  ex- 
tent* in  any  thing  of  modern  times*  but  the  business  of  negro 
stealing  on  the  oossto  of  unfortunate  AfHca."* 

I  submit  to  Jthe  reader  the  ftdUowing  eloquent  and  unan- 
swerable pleat  against  this  nefarious  practice.  They  so  far 
transcend  any  thing  I  could  myself  write  on  the  subject*  that 
I  shall  deserve  thanks  for  sparing  my  own*  and  auoatitating 
these  lucubrations. 

From  the  in^fruetumt  itf  Jamei  Maiiton,  Biq.  Secretaty  of 

Btate,  to  Jamet  Mmroe,  Esq,  Mniiter  PknipotenHarff  mtht 

Court  o/'LofinUm, 

**  Were  it  aUowable  that  British  subjects  ^should  be  taken 
out  of  American  vessels  on  the  high  seas*  it  might  at  least  be 
required  thatfiT*  <fte  proof  of  their  aUegkmee  uwUdUe  on  the 
BrUish  Hde.  Tnki  Qbymus  and  just  rule  is  hewever  reversed. 
And  every  seainan  on  board*  though  going  from  an  American 
port*  saiung  under  an  American  flag*  and  sometimes  even 
speaking  an  idiom  proving  Kimiiottobe  a  British  subject* 
is  presumed  to  be  such*  QJ*  unless  proved  to  he  an  Jtnerican 
cUmtn,  tt  niay  he  safely  affirmed*  that  (pT  this  is  an  outrtge 
tohkh  hag  no  precedent,  and  whi^h  ttj^  Oreat  Britain  would  he 
among  the  last  nations  in  the  worliTto  suffer,  if  ofhrtA  to  h»r 
own  subjeet^V  and  her  own  0ag.  < 

**  Great  Britain  has  the  less  to  say  on  the  subject*  as  it  is 

•  WeekTv  Regitter. 
Y 


i^ 


THE  OLIVB  branch: 


in  QJ^  direct  eontradktion  to  the  prUicipks  on  which  she  pro- 
eeetuin  other  casee.  Whilst  she  elattts  aafd  seizes  on  the 
high  seas*  lier  own  subjects  votuntarily  Mnringin  American 
vessels,  she  has  constantly  giVenr  when  she  coniA^ve,  as  a 
reason  for  not  discharging  froifr  her  service  American  citi- 
jBcnSy  that  they  had  vmuntariiy  engaged  in  it,  Nay  more, 
QU^  whUsi  she  iittpreua  ner  own  mjeetstfiwui  the  Jmerican 
stroke,  aUhougk  iMif  nuuf  havi  bemjetlka,  und  niarritd,  ami 
ntiiHraHMtd  in  the  Vnit6d  Mateop  (^  the  eonotandifrefiuee  to 
reUaaefrom  he^^s,  JSmeriean  teamen  pretud  into  it  wumever 
she  am  give  for  a  reason,  that  they  areolar  setttedor  married 
vfkhin  her  dominions,  Tftus  Qj*  whon  the  volvntary  consent 
qfthe  indioiduaijhvours  her  vretensionS,  she  pkads  the  vaHdUy 
Of  that  consent,  QJ*  When  thevohmtar^  consent  of  the  indvoid- 
ml  stands  in  the  toayrqfher  pretensions,  it  goef  ftr  nothing, 
(j^  fFhen  marriage  or  resuknee  can  he  fdeeuied  in  her  favour, 
she  avails  hersdfofthe  plea,  Q:y*  When  marriage,  residence, 
and  natnrali9oatiGn  areagiHnst  her,  no  respect  whaiever  is  paid 
to  either,  Qy^  She  takes,  hvfarce,  her  own  subjects  voluntO' 
rilif  servingin  our  vessels,  QJ^  She  keeps  bymee  Jkneriean 
eih%ens  involuntorUy  serving  in  her's.  More  jlagrant  incon- 
sistendes  cannot  he  imi^ned." 

Never  since  the  world,  was  formed  was  there  a  stronger, 
or  more  irresistible  train  of  argument,  or  collection  offsets, 
thAn  in  the  preceding  paragraph.  Never  were  flagrant  in- 
jutice,  outrage,  and  Violence  more  completely  proved,  and 
eternally  shutout  fh)m  the  possibility  of  defence. 

From  a  Utter  of  J,  ^.  Jdams,  Esq,  to  H,  O.  Otis,  Esq, 

«  The  impressed  American  citiaens,  however,  npon  dalf 
autheiUkatedproof  Sire  delivered  u^p.  Indeed!  how  unreason-' 
able  then  were  complaint !  how  eflfectual  a  remedy  for  the 
wrong !  an  American  vessel*  bound  to  an  European  port,  has 
two,  three,  or  four  native  Americans,  impressed  by  a  British 
man  of  war*  bound  to  the  East  or  West  Indies.  When  the 
American  captain  arrives  at  his  port  of  destination,  he  makes 
his  protest,  and  sends  it  to  the  nearest  American  Minii^er  or 
consul.  Wheahe  returns  home,  he  transmits  the  duplicate 
of  his  protest  to  the  Secretary  of  State.  In  process  of  time, 
the  names  of  the  impressed  men,  and  of  the  sl^ip  into  which 
they  have  been  impressed,  are  received  by  the  agent  in 
London.  He  makes  his  demand  that  the  men  may  be  deliver- 
ed up — ^the  lords  of  the  admiralty,  after  a  considerable  time 
for  enquiry  and  advisement,  return  for  answer,  that 
(23**  '^  ^^ip  is  on  a  foreign  sUUion,  and  their  lordships  can 
^therefore  take  no  further  steps  in  ^  matter'-^r,  that  the  ship 
has  been  taken,  and  that  the  men  have  been  received  in  ex- 
change for  French  prisoners— «rf  Q^  that  they  luid  no  pro- 


THE  OLIVE  BIUNCiC. 


in 


Udi§n9  (the  impressing  officers  often  having  taken  4hep  fhw 
the  men)— 4}r»  o*  t'Ml  the  men  "were  probiMy  BrUiah  tuJbjeeU^ 
or,  that  they  had  entered,  and  taken  the  bountv }  (to  which 
the  officers  know  how  to  reduce  them)— or,  jfj*  thixt  tfUy 
have  been  marrie4t  or  settled  in  England,  In  alTthese  cases, 
without  further  oerepony,  their  discharjjs^  is  refused.  Elome- 
times,  their  lordships,  in  a  vein  of  humour,  inform  the  agent 
that  the  man  has  been  discharged  as  unMerviceable.  Soiiiie- 
iimes,  in  a  sterner  tone,  they  say  he  is  an  impostor.  Or, 
perhaps,  by  way  of  consolathm  to  hiis  rektivcs  and  friends, 
the^  report  RJ^  that  he  hadJaUen  in  battle,  againet  natione  in 
amttywith  m  country.  Sometimes  they  coolly  return  that 
there  is  (p*  no  such  man  on  board  the  $hip  .*  and  ivhat  has  lie- 
come  of  him,  the  agonies  of  a  wife  and  childrtin  in  his  native 
land  may  be  loft  to  coniecture.  When  all  these  and  many 
other  such  apologies  for  refusal  fail,  the  native  American 
seaman  is  discharged— and  when  by  the  charitable  aid  of  his 
government  he  has  found  his  way  home,  he  comes  to  be  in- 
formed, that  jp*'  all  ie  as  it  shotdd  he — that  QJ^  fAe  nuniber  of 
hisf^w-s^prers  is  small — that  QJ*  it  was  impossibh  to  dis- 
Hi^ish  him  from  an  Bi^ishnuin-—and  that  QJ*  he  was  de- 
livered up,  on  duly  authentUMed  proof!** 

Extract fnm  CobbetVs  Begister. 

**  Our  ships  of  war,  when  they  meet  an  American  vessd  at 
sea,  board  her,  and  take  out  of  her  by  force,  any  seamen 
whom  our  officers  assert  to  be  British  subjects.  £j*  'IVure 
is  no  rule  by  which  they  are  bound,  (p*  They  act  at  discrO' 
turn:  and  the  consequence  is,  that  QJ^  great numbers  of  na- 
tive Jtmericans  have  been  thus  impressed,  and  Q^  great  num- 
bers oftlum  are  norm  in  our  navy.  The  total  number  so  held 
at  any  one  time  cannot,  perhaps,  be  ascertained  ^  but  Jhrnt  a 
statement  puiUished  in  Jmerica  it  appears,  that  Mr',  Lyman,  the 
late  consm  here,  stated  the  number,  about  two  years  ago,  at 
FOURTEEN  THOUSAND.  Q^  That  many  of  these  men 
have  died  on  board  of  our  shipi — Q^  that  many  have  been 
woundedr—Q^  that  many  have  bun  kitted  in  action— and 
dtj*  thai  many  have  been  worn  out  in  the  serdee,  there  can  be 
no  doubt.  Some  obtain  their  release  through  the  application 
of  the  American  consul  here:  and  ofthese  the  sufferings  have 
iA  many  instances  been  very  great.  There  have  been  in- 
stances where  men  have  thus  got  free  QJ*  after  having  been 
fogged  through  the  fleet  for  deserlum. 

"But  it  has  been  asked  whether  we  are  not  to  take  our 
sailors  where  we  find  them  ?  To  which  America  answers, 
yes ;  but  take  only  your  own ;  **  take,**  said  Mr.  Lyman, 
«  your  whale  pound  (ffUsh$  hut  take  not  a  drop  of  blood.**  She 
says  that  she  wishes  not  to  have  in  her  ships  any  British 


Mm 


f9e 


THB  OLIVE  9RANCH. 


sailors:  and  she  is  willing  to  five  them  vp,  whenever  the 
fact  of  their  being  British  sailors  can  be  proved.  Let  them, 
she  says,  be  brought  before  any  magislaiite^  of  any  public 
eivil  authority,  in  any  one  of  your  own  pwts,  at  home  or 
abroad;  and.  she  is  willing  to  abide  by  the  decision.  Q:J*  Blit, 
let  not  men  be  seized  in  her  ships  upmi  the  high  seati  (and 
eonetimes  at  the  mouths  of  her  own  rivers)  where  there  is 
nobody  to  judge  between  the  parties,  una  (tj^  where  the 
BriiUh  ^jkergirinig  on  board  i$  at  once  ACCUSER,  WIT- 
NESS,  JUDGE,  and  CAPTOR  !** 

From  JVUes**  Weekly  Regietert  vol.  3,  page  SOa. 

*<If  the  most  dignified  officer  in  the  naval  service  of  bur 
enemy  were  to  jdunder  neutral  vessels  of  a  box  <^cod-Ji$h, 
or  a  bale  of  cotton,  on  suspicion  that  it  was  even  enemy's  pro- 
perty, it  might  cost  him  nis  whole  fortune,  with  an  ignommi- 
otts  dismissal.  The  law  of  nations  allows  him  to  send  in  the 
vessels  for  adjudication :  and  it  becomes  him  to  prove  the 
fact  he  suspected.  If  he  fail  in  this,  he  is  often  mulcted  in 
heavy  damages  by  the  courts  of  law  of  his  own  country.  But 
Qj**  in  the  bi^iness  of  tnan-stealing,  he  himself  is  judge  and 
jury — (fj^  he  takes  when  and  where  he  pleases,  and  (jtj»  is  ir- 
responsible for  his  conduct.  If  complaint  is  made,  he  silences 
it  by  the  broad  plea, « that  his  majesty  wanted  men'*-- and,  if 
the  man  stolen  is  restored  to  liberty  after  years  of  dangers 
and  servitude,  without  one  cent  for  his  hazards  and  toils, 
d^  there  are  knaves  who  produce  his  ease  in  evidence  oj 
**  British  magnanimity  !** 

After  the  reader  has  carefully  perused  the  preceding  ar- 
guments, I  request  he  will  read  and  compare  the  sentiments 
of  Mr.  IHckermg  on  the  subject  of  im'pressment  at  two  diffe- 
rent periods,  the  first  when  he  was  secretary  of  State,  and 
the  second  when  he  was  senator  of  the  United  States. 


**(tyneBiithhnaota^ilcennftm 
imfirett  Svedett  Dane*,  and  oihtrfer- 
ewiMtw,  /horn  (^  vettdt  ^  the  Umted 
SSfUs.  (ft  "neif  have  even  eometimet  im- 
preeteaFrenctmen  >  !  If  there  diould 
be  time  to  make  out  the  eopy  of  a  pn>> 
teit  lately  received,  it  ihall  be  eneloied, 
deserihinfft  (CTthe  in^breito/a  Done 
and  a  Pvrtiufuae.  Thii  rarely  ii  an 
abiue  eaay  to eorreet  CCyThen  canmt 
pfretend  an  inability  to  alttinguuh  thet» 
foreitfnert  from  their  tmn  eulbjecte. 
(^  ^Theif  ifMQf  iiith  a»  much  reaton  rob 
jSnericmt  veuiU^  thepropertj/  or  mer- 
charuhxe  <(f  the  Stoedet,  Donee,  or  For- 
a*  eeite  and  ditain  «n  their  wr- 


«  O:^  It  it  perfeetty  well  known  that 
Gbkat  Britain  dssihc*  to  oft- 

TAIN  ONLY  BBIl  OWN  SUfeJBCTS.t 

**  The  evil  we  oomphin  of  C3*  o*^ 
from  the  impouibiH^  tf  alw<^  dutfn- 
guiehing  the  pertom  ^  tw>6  ncmmt  w\a 
ft  few  yean  ainee  woe  one  people^  who 
exhibit  the  lame  nuumer%  ipeak  the 
■ame  langaage,  and  poaaeta  limUar  fea* 
tarea.t 

<*  The  Britiih  diipa  ofwar,  aneeabiy 
to  a  Hght  ehdmed  and  exermed  <ar 
agei  a  rig)it  claimed  and  ezereiied 
during  the  whole  of  the  adminiattationt 
of  Wuhhigton,  of  Adam^  and  of  Jef- 
fenon,  eqntinttetotakeQC7«offw  ^  the 
£ritiih teamen  found enhoard our mer- 


tiguete, 

vice  the  lubjeett  of  thote  nationt  found 

t  Letter  from  Timothy  Piekering  to  the  ban.  Jamea  SolUvn^  gorcnor  of  Mat' 

•aohawtts,  Feb.  IS,  1808,  page  9.  #  lUd. 


W&  OUVE  BRANCH. 


m 


on  baaed  American  ve$ieU.  The  prad-  chant  vnkA,  and  with  them  A  small 
d«nt  to  extremely  uxious  to  have  tkis  number  of  oars,  from  tub  iMrotn« 
butioeu of  itapreM plaeed oo a RMMM*  bilitvuv  itUTiBOvititiMp  Bmo- 
Ue  (bOtlDg;"*  LtlBMBN    rROM  CtTIXSal  or  TBB 

UmitBO  SXATiM.'i' 

I  caonot  allow  these  extracts  to  pass  withont  beseeehing* 
and  imploring  the  reader  to  ponder  weir  on  their  eontetttaL.t6 
compare  them  together  carefu]ly«*.The  history  of  the  hu- 
man race,  from  the  earliest  records  of  time*  furnishes  no 
stronger  instance  of  contradiction»  or  ineensistency.  Mr. 
Pickering,  when  his  station  as  Secntarij  ofBUOt  rendered  it 
a  duty  to  defend  th0  rights  of  his  countiy,  dearly  and  espU> 
citly  asserts,  that  the  Brititih  impressed  Swedes,  Danes, 
Portuguese,  and  even  Frenchmen,  from  on  board  our  vessels. 
Afterwards,  to  answi^r  the  purposes  of  pwty,'  he  states  that 
they  impressed  Americans  merely  through  « the  impossibiU- 
ty  of  distinguishing*'  theni  from  their  own  subjects !  What 
an  awful  perversion  of  facts ! 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 

impr£Minenf  during  the  administration  of  General  Washington, 
Lttterfrom  T.  JeMrson  to  T.  Finkney,  From  Mr,  Jm  to 
lord  GrenvUle,  From  T  Pickering  to  Rufus  King,  Prom 
RufUs  King  to  Lord  OrenviUe, 

Xit&aet  of  a  tetter  /rem  T.yefferton,  Xtq.  eeeretary  of  eta»e%  to  ThomUft 
Pthkney,  nunieter  plenipetentiatj  efthe  United  Statee  at  Lomhii- 

Jkpanment  ^  State,  June  11, 1799. 
"Thb  peculiar  eoatooi  in  Rngfautd  of  iroprettin{r  aeamea  on  «*ec7  appenranee  of 
war,  will  ocoasionallj  expose  oar  seamen  to  pecoliar  oppresaioas  and  vexations.  It 
will  be  expedtent  tliat  yoa  taice  proper  opportanilies,  m  tlie  mean  time,  of  confer- 
ring with  the  minister  on  this  sabje^  in  order  to  form  some  arrangement  for  the 
proteetion  of  our  seamen  on  those  oeeasions.  WeenUrriy  njeet  the  mode  whieh 
wnthe  subject  of  eonVeraatinn  between  Mr.  Morris  and  him ;  whieh  was,  that  oar 
leainen  diould  always  canr  about  tliem  eertiieates  of  tlieir  ^senship.  (O*  Thu  ia 
a  candltieH  never  yet  tuimited  le  bg  tmg  natient  one  with  whieh  seamen  woOld  ne- 
ver have  the  preonution  to  oomtdy— the  Msudties  of  tliefar  calling  woMld  «xnose  them 
to  ths  constant  destruction  or  ms  of  this  paper  evidence ;  and  (j;;!*  thuu  the  Brituh 
Jfevemment  wmdd  be  armed  vdth  legal  authorittf  to  impren  the  wAofe  of  our  teamen. 
The  simplest  rule  will  be,  that  the  vessel  bemg  American,  shall  be  evidence  that 
the  teamen  on  board  of  her  are  such.  If  they  apprehend  that  our  vessels  miaht 
thus  become  asylums  for  the  fugitives  of  their  own  nation  from  impress  gangs,  the 
number  of  men  to  Im  protected  by  a  vessd  may  be  limited  by  her  tonnsgei  and  one 
or  two  officers  only  be  permitted  to  enter  tlie  vessel  in  order  toexamine  the  numbn-) 
hat.\;^n»pre»te(infeheuldbe  attvwedever  to  go  onboard  an^mertcan  teoteU 
till  €^(ierU  thutt  bejSund  that  there  are  mere  than  the  Mpulated  number  on  board, 
nor  till  after  the  master  shall  have  refused  to  deliver  the  sopernuroersries  (to  be 
named  by  himself)  to  tfie  press  officer  who  hks  come  on  board  for  diat  purpose  t  and 
even  then  the  American  consul  shall  be  called  in.  In  order  to  urge  a  settlement  of 
this  point  befhre  a  new  oecaoon  may  arise,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  draw  thebr  atten* 
tioa  tn  Me  peculiar  irritation  exdted  on  the  loot  oecation,  and  the  dMcubji  ^' avoid- 
ing  our  making  immediate  retritalo  on  their  teamen  here.  You  will  V  so  good  as  to 
communicate  to  me  what  shall  pass  on  this  sulyeet,  and  it  may  be  made  an  aMcle  of 
sonvention  to  be  entered  into  either  there  or  here." 

*  Lettw  from  Timodiy  Ptckeringv  Esq.  secretary  of  sUte,  to  Bufus  King,  Esq 
minister  at  the  eouit  of  London,  datM  Oct  86,  1796. 

t  Letter  from  Timothy  Pickering  to  the  hen.  James  Sullivan,  governor  of  Massa- 
chttsetU,  Feb.  13, 1S08,  page  13. 


i 


'm 


TEB  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


Kvmtietameiotbetamig. 

Oet.K,ir97. 
**  I  endoie  yott  »  copy  of  a  letter  from  Keun.  Blow  and  MdhMlde,  mer. 
chanti;  of  Virriida«  coinplainlng  of  the  taking;  away  of  their  aailori,  on 
the  coaat  of  Amcai  bf  the  commander  of  a  British  armed  veuel.  So  moi^ 
'imtmtef  tfthit  kind  bane  luMtned,  that  it  fi  qilite  n^cMtarj  their  govern. 
mentiho«i|de«piaifith«raaMyef  on  the  subject,  and  be  led  to  disavow  and 
paniahiraeh  coMuct.,^  I,  lc«v«  to  j^onr  diKretion  to  endeavo,nr' to.  obtain 
thiiiatisfictiohb/etich  trieridlf  diKUMionsai  may  be  most  Hlcel/  to  pro- 
dace  the  deiUredenet,  mhI  eecure  to  oor  commerce  that  protection  againit 
Jltl^th  yiplmoe«  wbiah.it  haa  never  experienced-  from  any  other  nation. 
|To  law  fbrbid*  Ui«  leamaa  of  anj  nation,  to  engage  in  time  of  peace,  on 
boi^rd  a  foreign  veteel :  no  law  autboriaet  euch  leaman  to  break  his  contract! 
nor  the  armed  vesielt  of  his  nation  to.  interpose  force  for  his  rescue.** 

Srom  the  tame  to  thet,ame. 

yov.6,  1792. 
.''^  f<  I  Miclosc  you  no^lHbo  copy  of  a  letter  (ram  Mr.  Pintard,  oor  r.onsnl  u 
MadfiraveshibitinK  another  attemptat  the  pnctice;  on  which  I  wrote  to 
you  in  myJtiKit.  maoe  by  capt.  Hargoed,  of  the  Qritisti  frigate  Hyena,  to 
cafte  seftmen  from  on  board  an  American  vessel  bound  to  the  East  Indies. 
It  is  unnecettary  to  develope  to  you  the  inconveniences  of  this  conduct,  and 
the  impossibility  of  letting  it  go  on.  /  hope  you  will  be  able  to  mate  the 
Britieh  mituttry  aeneible  ^  the  neeetiitj  t^punithing  the  pa»t  tmd  preventing 
thefimre." 

Btttraet  rf  a  note'fi'om  Mr.  yof,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minuter  fdenipotemia- 
n  ^$be  Ukitoi  Statet  at  Lmdm,  to  lord  Grenmllei  teerelaiy  tf  foreign  of- 
jairet  dated       '>'.,. 

London,  >^30, 1793. 
*'  The  underfed  finds  it  also  to  be  his  duty  to  present,  that  the  in'C{;uIiaitiet 
before  meaUontdeatenii  not  only  to  die  eaptnt«  and  oon<lemnation  of  Amerioia 
vends  end  jpraperty,  and  to  wuuual  pertonid  teveriliet,  biit  XXevento  tkeim- 
premnient  of  American  dtixetu,  to  terve  on  board  of  armed  veueb.  (T^'  Ho  far' 
oean  to  dwelt  on  the  injtmeo  done  to  thoee  unforiuae  indrvidnalt,  or  on  the  emedow 
wUcA  theg  mutt  naturailg  exdte,  either  in  the  Areaeti  of  the  nation  to  vhiehtheif  be- 
longf  or^thejuet  and  humane  (^everg  cotintrg.  Hit  reliance  on  the  justice  and 
betievolenee  ufhis  miyMty,  leads  aim  to  indulge  a  pleming.  expectation,  that  orders 
win  be  d.f«a»  that  Amerieans  so  eireumstiineed  be  immediately  liberated,  and  thtt 
petsOM  Mnoured  with  his  majesly's  eommiaiioM  do  in  future  abstain  from  similar 
violenees.; .  ' 

**  It  is  with  eordnil  aatitfiwtion  that  the  undersigned  refleett  on  the  impresMont 
which  auoh  an  equitHble  and  conciliatory  measure  would  make  on  the  people  of  die 
Vnited  States^  and  how  naturally  they  would  inspire  and  cherish  thoae  sentimenti 
and  dlqiesitionB  whidi  never  fiiil  to  preserve  as  well  as  to  produce  respect,  esteem, 
and  fifMBtdship.!* 

XHxtraet from  the  inttructioMgioen  bgTimot/m  Pickering,  Etq.tecretargofetak, 
to  Mujitt  XbtgfEef.  minuter  at  the  court  of  London. 

June  8,  int. 

(X^  The  knr  hutfhdUeae  attemptt  that  hone  been  made  to  protect  American  tea- 
menfrom  Brinsh  it^prettet  prove  that  the  aut(jeet  is  in  its  nature  difficult 

"The  simplest  rule  would  be,  that  the  vessel  being  American,  ehould  beevidenee 
that  the  teamen  are  such.  But  it  will  be  an  impoiladt  point  gained,  ir,  on  the  hi|h 
aeas,  our  flag  can  protect  those  Of  whatever  nation  whonil  under  it.  And  for  thii, 
humanity,  as  well  as  interest,  powerfully  plead.  Jp*  Merchant  veoielt  carry  w 
ttmre  hftiub  than  their  eofeig  rendert  neeetiary.  iVv^hdrmo  ang  <f  them  on  the 
oceatif  it  to  expote  both  livet  andpropertj/  to  dettrucmtt.  We  have  a  right  then  to 
expect  that  the  British  government  will  make  no  difficuHy  in  acceding  to  this  veiy 
interesting  provision.  And  the  same  motiv^  should  operate  with  nearly  equal  force, 
to  procure  for  us  tiie  like  exeeptiort  in  all  the  Biitiih  colonies,  but  especially  in  the 
West  Indies.  In  the  latter  the  consequence  of  an  impieM  is  j;^  the  detention  of  the 
vettA  XT  ^  ^  detention,  tfie  vomet  it  injured  or  dettroged  bg  the  worm*,  and 
(Cf  fbe  remnant  of  the  erew  expoted  to  the  fatal  diteatee  iff  the  climate.  Hencea 
hNiger  detention  eniuea    The  visage  becomes  unpnfitable  to  (he  merchant :  tit 


THfi  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


t^ 


f[y  dim«iii'9  ^f^o^'"  the  btt  tf  mai^  wiuabl^  Hptt'    BtttttNMia|Mtatli«r«temt 
KdMMi  for  au  estiAptiaii  froni  imnr^Mea  b  lbs  BHUih  coloida*— (tut  JTj*  "niB 

—    ■^  ALWAYS  BfiB^TiuapBCrr  TVMON. 

rer  !•  WMBOie,  iktAflrr  tWB  BTllJ 
BEDUESSCAN  £V^  BE  SOOQJ^T 


IWACTICE  WILL  BE,  AS  IT  HAS  A 
STHUUS  ABUSES i  mmI!  «heanr«i»c 
DECQMf  IRBBSIBIMABLE,  BEFOI 
FOB. 

'*Togaafd  ininit ■hniM on  tlwMrtof  Ameii«tB  eitisaw,  evwjr  ^Msm-va 
temel,  oa  hit  amnl  in  any  pott  ^  we  Britiih  «okMiik%  mm  to  ]N^ui|»(it(i  nport 
hU  kn  V,  at  Um  pniF«r  oOat.  Iff  $ibeima!ti»,  wi j  Mditfin  U  BUMte  lo  Ummh  bjr 
KiitfiA  $ul!fett;  Umm  ntey  be  taken  away.  I»  the  porti  ofChrMt  Britain  and  ba- 
iMxi,  theimpreMef  JMtiik  tubfteu,  found  en  beard  of  onr  vaM,' aMU  (toaM^ 
beadmtlted.  But  title  llKWId  be  eentnded  bj  Nfiiii^ian*  to  pveveM  inairtta  and  In* 
jnrie%  and  to  adihiaiater  prompt  relief  <r>  tihfr*  wAfitrfcan  titfmm  fvkltii  Hw 
tmtntd^  ht^pmj  thaU  be  mMaktnforBritiA  tiMmctt,;  '    r 

**  Ikere  (0^  tww  cfatwa  ^  nmm,  ceMoemiiif  wXeai  Ofwre  tan  it  m  dt/fkuUjfi 
h  Jifblive  Jmfinean  eUutv.  (^  %  ,A»erkm  tttlmu,  mikfirever  bmntfjpm  •mr» 
luek  at  the  definitive  trm^  ^peaee.  fCT  S.  Fmigiien,  ether  than  JkilM  mA' 
jeeU,  taUburmJltKertemiveiidb,  omivAeMpermikeUj^  to beiu tiered,  aeitt^ 
iptetetheMriHih,  ae  theee  •/  nalipe  cttigette.  Tiie  4tlt  elan  eonaiala  of  Britliii  bdm 
mlQMtik  but  wIm^  or  many  of  whon,  maj  iMwe  bece»e  cMaqea  anbaeywnt  t»  fSbn 
tmitjr  of  peaee,  or  wlio  liereaftcr  may  be  edmitted  to  fite  ri|iit|i  of 'eitheni.  It  Ic  tida 
cbM  alone*  aboot  whieik  a.i]r  preteaee  of  right  to  impten  ein  be  nuHte.  '  With  '!«• 
prtl  to  ihne,  it  may  be  attempted'  to  proteet  them,  at  well  fai  titbe  of  war  ae  Of 
Vcaaei  in  the^  following  o|pe«:  Firtt^  (o>  when  they  diall  1|awB  atofO^ln'AnieifekB' 
WMcli,  pabUe  or  private,  for  Uic  aam«  Mrm  in  tirhiah  Anign«rtaervia|g  in  Britiah 
venels  would  aequire  the  righu  nf  Britiah  aal^ee(%  whiab  ia  undenlnod  to  be  thrto 
veanit  or  aeoofidly,  ifaomoeh  eannotbe  obtained,  titlMa  ihoM  pertms,  drigiDaliy ' 
Britiih  Milgertat  ahall  haveniaided  five  yeara  in  the  Uidt«t  Btate%  asd  bem  for> 
nally  admitted  16  the  rightt  of  eitinen*,  aeeordfaig  to  onrltwi, 

'Mtinttai  ofleiihapprii  thatmitanwillloie  their  etMQealiarinirddari  ahoold 
tbnefora  be  m«le  for  the  adraJwianof  other  reaaonablo  pitaf  of  iMr  eitiaeii«iip» 
Mwh  tta  thehr  own  oetlia,  wi^  tluiae  of  the  maatec%  matea,  or  other  ereditable  wJtr 
amea.  The  tolli  of  the  erewi.  or  lUpping  pepera,  ma;  alio  he  authoitieated  fav 
iheeolleotdreoftheeiut^nu:  and  then  tlwy  oof^t  u  be  admitted  ae  of  equatiW' 
4lity  with  the  individual  eertifieatBa.'* 

irtm  <A»taaK  la  lAe  «aai& 

SM.  tOu  179ft. 

"  I  eneldae  a  letter  from  Franeia  8.  Tsyldr,  deputy  eolleetor  of  HVirfi^  resqieet-' 
ing  fou]^  Impreaied  aeiroeqi  It  appeara  to  bo  written  with  eaudour,  and  iieiita  ati 
ieadon.  It,  aa  thecaptatin  of  the  IVevoijrante  (.Wetaiyu]  iay%  the  digi^ly  of  the, 
fifitidi  government  will  not  permit  an  eikquii^  on  board  (heir  ihipl  for  Ameriean 
KHnen,  Ikk'  dt^UfbeedJir  the  wer.-  ontf  lAiit(rrTHB  lUOHTdOPi^ 
INDEPENDENT  NATJOtti  AKE '1*0  BE  SACUlllCCiD  IX}  BBITISH  l»IG. 
NFTY.  JuMloe  reqoire*  thattuch  enqniriea  end'  exuninatian be' ouulet  heeadie 
othcrwiw  the  liberation  of  our  leaitaen  will  be  nnposiibfe.  (TT  t\r  the  BriHehjge- 
venmaUt  <Am,  temitkeprefeatUmofrfiepeetto  therMtte^ww^cUitau,  andmt- 
IbyiUH ter^neeihem,  antfj/et  deng  tht  on^  meant  ofaecehatn^ thote rightt,  ie. 
miiuultitt^tdtttalitm. 

-  (^y  jff the £titkkgevernmeHt have aug  regmrdte  our  WfAlt,  aiuf  reefect  fit 
Mr  HolJDM,  tmd  place  anj/  value  on  mrfrientiHlt^  they  tdU  eventhcibtate  teuethe. 
meam  efreteoemf  our  opprened  citizmg.    The  wlgeot  of  our  unpi-eMed  WRmen 
mketa  pan  of  your  initruetiona}  but  the  preaident  ndw  Cenewahii  desire  tiiatdiew 
tdi/^vaajentm^jvutiffe^idaxnnaiaa^ 


CHAPTER  XXXm.    - 

Immtnmmt  during  the  ^dnnuMf  ration  of  Mr,  'Jtitams,    Letter , 

fiom  S»ft$  tdiig.    From  SUtts  Talbot,    from  Timothy 

Fickering,    InsfrucHmis  0/ Judge  JltarahaU  to  Bn^tXh^, 

I  ROW  proceed  in  ehronological  order  to  state  the  views 
of  our  goveminc;ot  upon—- the  remonstrances  of  our  publiti 
officers  a||;ain8t-*>andthe  redress  afforded  or  refused  in—the 


tM 


THB  OUVB  BRANCH. 


odious  affUr  of  impr«Mnieiit»  during  the  administration  of 
Mv,,A4un««    • 
Ib^n  ixritk  RuAis  Kihgt  esq*  miiose  name*  (hnn  the 

Sound  he  now  takes  in  politicly  is  a  tower  of  strength  on 
issubjeet  ■ 


**  Th*  Ml|iet  [of  in>|iMMnMBt]  In  «ll  ito  dcteib,  bM  ttut  unikr  my  obwrvation : 
and  i«|  inporlMMk  I  •mtfuHt  bmwh  irMtar  tliM  I  had  mppoM4  It  ijy  tntPtad 
vtmfmt  tmdfkmin  mtmfiigmaMm  iauhtrnt  roMi,  /  JMyv^i^nm  tktmtntk^ 
Julg  loMt  madt,afplk<Uim  frnftim  dkekutg*  firwm  mitkhnm^^fyrnK't^VX  tea- 
mm»  vkOk  •UtUt  tkeoMlTM  to  ba  Ammimu,  hav*  «iiimtd  nijr  laMnSreMe :  of 
tM»aaia)MrMlMT»hf  the  Mdminltjb^  ordered  to  be  dlMluniedt  HT  fnufhmt 
bean  demiaed  a*  Btidab  wUeelib  or  aa  Ameriean  vohinieen,  or  fiN>  waat  of  proof 
tbatthmrareAineriaana:  aad  to  mm^Mtalimu  /«r  <A«  ditehmn  ^  the  rmmmng 
I48»  Imm.rmeinedmimmert  O' "< **^ «** bmird tfwUeh mm tpmeH-mtn 
iamnait  A«vdMv  i»  mam  imikino^  Maim  b^fvM  mexamhiallm  wm  mad%,  in 

*'  It  ia  aertahh  tbat  aooM  of  thoae  wbo  have  applied  to  im,  an  nil  Ameriean  ei< 
tiieai.  (CT*  BVT  YHB  BXCEPTIOMS  ABB  INMY  OPINION  FBW  i  and  the 
ovidenee,  eielMivo  of  ceftiiiaalea»  bea  been  aitah  aa  UC7'<dpi  moit  eiaea  t»  wtiifir  me 
tbat  Op*  TUB  At*PUCAN*C8  WBKB  BBAL  aSIbRICANS,  wbo  had  W 
teeedlnto  the  Bkitidi  larviee  i  aad  wbO  jO*  "A*  tkngytiar  cmutanim  Move  gmeralfy 
^agwryrfw  r^fiukg pajf  and  btmUg,  tnmigk  in  mmji  iniumcet  than  hone  been  m 


\tMHnHta^}ieuny 

"[^o  this  document*  I  most  earnestly  invite  ind  involo  the 
attention  of  the  Ameriean  nation*  and  the  wliole  people  ^ 
Ohristeiidoin.  It  affi>rd«  the  most  ecneliisive  defence  of  the 
strong  ground  laken  on  this  subject  by  the  administration; 
and  sets  the  seal  of  eternal  contradiction  on  the  assertion!  so 
often  repeated*  that  the  poor*  miserable*  enslaved*  and  by- 
his-eountry-abandoned  sailor— ^e  pride-->the  glory— the 
bulwark  oi  that  ungrateful  country-— is  veadUy  mrrenderedt 
whtn  impreued  by  mi$take.  Let  no  man  ever  dare  again  to 
make  the  assertion.    It  is  not  true.    It  never  was  true^ 

Mr.  King  tells  us  a  plain  story.  He  applied  for  the  ernan- 
cipatioii  of  3i71  American  slaves,  forceci  to  fight  for  their  en- 
davers.  {Mf*  JVM  quite  a  third  vere  difchargei—and  $ij^mon 
than  one  half  of  the  whole  number  were  debarred  qfauf  chance 
ofredresMt  byaplainandsiinpUproeeet;  Qy^the  vesselst  on 
board  of  yrhieh  th^jr  were*  having  (j3*  "tnmany  imUwxs 
aaiied  before  an  examinaHon  wae  had  in  coneequedee  ^  his  < 
applieaiion,** 

jpyem  SUa»  Taibt,  Eta.  mfent  fw  ther^f  ^  dt^ettd  MOWMn,  to  71nNW% 

XiiifetoHt  Juti/ *,  I79r. 
*' AdnUral  i^ir  H]rd«  having  niticd  infomntion,  tlpat  my  implication  to 
the  civil  authority jtff  thia  laland,  to  obtain  tJte  release  of  iiieb  Ameri($an 
citisens  aa  w<tro  toond  to  be  Attained  on  board  hit  iiiia|iMty's  lAiipt  of  war, 
had  been  attended  with  aomie  anceeu,  he  immediately  isnied  a  general  or- 
der to  all  captains  end  commanders  of  ships  end  veffselt  of  war.  directing 
them  not  to  obey  any  vrit  of  baheae  carpma,  nmt  aufftr  afty  men  to  leave  their 
thipt  in  conteqHence  qfany  tuek  wfif .  Since  the  wove  mentioned  order  was 
issoed,  writs  have  been  obtained  against  Caption  Eiphinstone,  of  the  Tar- 


THB  OUVE  BRANCH. 


IW 


tu  frigutt  to  prodoc*  thnw  Amarkaaa^  named  in  tkt  writ,  bcCni  ths 
chief  JusUm  t  and  afainit  captain  Foatar,  of  tha  Albicoia,  to  produce  fonr  i 
and  alM,  agi4nai  Captain  Otway,  of  Uie  Caret  Mgate,  to  predoce  twenty 
AmerioaM*  in  like  ounner  beforo  tke  chief  jaiUee.  All  tnoee  writs  were 
leirved,  bat  none  of  them  waa  obeyed.  AttacbaMnu  against  the  said  ci^ 
taint  ha«o  been  ordered  by  thoconrti  and  a  writ  of  attachnMOt  againac 
Captain  Otway  waa  talMn  ont  fifteen  daya  aince.  B«t  the  aMuralMl  l^ap  not 
been  aMci  at  he  aaya*  to  aerre  it  on  Captain  Otway  t  and  firont  all  that  I 
eta  learn*  there  ia  not  any  probability  that  ha  wdl  aerve  the  u'rit  \  to  that 
the  law  JM  this  ittmtd,  it  »etnu>  eotmo*  it  aikiriiiittertdjor  the  rtU^  t^  dmt- 
liemt  eitiMmu,  «htt  »n  ktU  ik,  Britith  alattry  i  OC^  mtHvf  of  whSm,  a»  thn 
mritt  to  WW  Aof«  m  board  CdMai»  Ot^M'$  thtp,  (cT  HAVE  BEEN 
BROUGRT  TO  THE  GAlTGWAY,  AND  WHIPPED,  FOR  WRIT- 
ING TO  THEIR  AGENT  TO  GET  THEM  DISCHARGED!" 

Here  again  we  ilnd  what  ^dreaa  tkt  American  islave  had 
to  expect.  He  was  brought  to  the  gangway,  and  (tj*  lo- 
MOMiwfovKLT  toovliOBD  for  daring  to  try  to  have  hb  ease 
taken  into  the  cognizance  of  the  American  agent  for  the  re- 
lief of  impressed  aeamen !! ! 

li^om  timotfy  Fkhring,  M^q-  teretarj  rfaate,  to  Siiat  Taibot,  S$q, 

AvpM  \i  1797. 
"  If  any  naval  oficer  ahall  have  c^mitted  tneh  an  outrage  on  any  Ame* 
lican  teamen,  at  to  o:^  BRING  THEM  TO  THE  GANGWAY-  ay  you 
mention,  orto  inftietanyltlndof  punithment  onthem,  eipecially  forieelc- 
ing  opportunitiet  to  inform  you  of  tbetr  tituaUen,  for  the  purpoie  of  oh* 
uinlngthejnst  relief  to  which  they  are  entitled,  pray  endeavour  to  get 
prooft  of  the  fact,  that  I  may  make  it  the  tubjcct  of  a  tperial  repreientatlon 
to  the  Britiah  government." 

iirom  TiMwrij^  Piehtrinf,  S»q.  HOretwy  qfttate,  to  JRt^  Kng,  £*q. 

t  TrauoH,  October  S,  1797. 

*•  Lord  Grenville't  obaervatioita  on  the  act  of  congreu  for  the  relief  and 
protection  of  American  teamen,  preient  difficulties  which  demand  contkle- 
lation  at  the  entuing  tession.  But  ymir  masoning  in  your  letter  to  his  lord- 
ship of  the  dOth  of  last  November,  is  tonclusive  against  the  British  preten- 
Qt»  to  retain  real  American  seamen,  who  are  married  in  their  dominiont,  or 
who  have  volantarily  entered  on  board  Britith  veuels.  c^>  It  bebcnet  the 
honour  trndjultb  eftbe  Britub  ganenmoa,  to  adbere  to  their  prineiple  on  natural 
aUtgianee  vibolfy.  or  to  rcMtmce  it  vbolfy  t  And  an  answer  on  thu  point, 
would  have  become  hit  lordship't  candour. 

*'  I  contider  Col.  Talbot't  agencpr  in  tho  West  Indies  to  be  no  longer  ve- 
ry important.  The  rigid  conduct  tg  Mwiral  Sir  Hyde  Parker  (who  from  he 
beginning  hat  thrown  obstacles  in  the  way)  leavet  but  little  room  to  get  our 
Hanien  releated.  The  oppoution  of  the  officers  in  general,  induced  Colonel 
Talbot  to  ta^e  out  writs  of  habeas  corpot  at  Jamaica,  by  which,  directly  or 
in  their  conaequencea,  (j^  he  obtained  the  diedbargeqfnearfyjjftf  leumen^  But 
Admiral  Parker  hat  for  some  time  past.  C3*  ^rAicA^  bit  oj/icere  to  pay  any 
attention  to  eucb  vrite  .*  and  Col.  Talbot  informed  me  tbdt  (CT  'oim  cfaur  teamen 
have  been  fmniebed  for  attempting  to  send  letters  to  him  to  inform  of  their 
situation. 

"  Mr.  Litton  aiiured  me.  that  the  British  officers  hava  oidert  not  to 
imprest  any  Amer^an  seamen,  and  of  course  not  to  retain  agiUnst  their 
will  any  already  impressed :  buyp'  iftbeyfertitt  in  obttrueting  tnen  cbamul 
^iiformation  and/np^  tf  their  aUzenibip,  etici  ordert  are,  and  vill  continue, 
«c^i«e." 


198 


THB  QILPm  BRANCH. 


Lmdm  March  l$,l7n. 

•«  I  nwnUoMd  oat  dltMtiifMtlon  with  th«  eentfarottmi  of  th«  pmtk*  of 
Uki«ff  oat  of  o«r  ahipt,  mot  on  the  mitin  oooaa.  raeh  of  thoir  crowi  U  did 
not  poMts»c«rdfiiat«i  of  Amerieui  dtiionihip;  donylng.  m  X  iud  often 
done.  In  fonner  coofewncee,  upon  the  «Mne  svbjeet,  uqr  right  on  the  ptrt 
of  Giont  BHikln,  upon  which  the  practice  could  be  feonded}  nnd  -.  Ngfeit* 
ingth«ta3*oiir«AI^  ^mmr^  iyptrmitnem  ^^gemimmmti.  i>^ht»  wiiA 
epuU  right,  fmrttm  the  tame  frmttietUmaHh  their  merchantmeit' 

••  That  not  onljr  Mamen  who  upolte  the  Bnriieh  Unjpiogo*  and  who  were 
evidently  English  or  Amartca^  iinbjeett,  but  alio  ALL  DANISH,  SWED. 
IStl,  AND>THKilPORSIGir  SEAMEN,  WHO  COULD  NOT  RE. 
CBIVE  AMERICAN  PROTECTIONS,  WERE  INDISCRIMINATE. 
LY  TAKEN  FROM  THEIR  VOLUNTARY  SERVICE  IN  OUR  MBU. 
TR  AL  EMPLOY,  and  forced  into  the  war  in  the  naval  .aervice  of  Great 
Britdn.  ^ 

"  ThatOB  tkU  nMeet  (T^  WE  HAD  AGAIN  AND  AGAIN  OFFEBRD  TO 
CONCUR  IN  A  CONVENTION,  WHICH  WB  THOUGHT  PBACTICABLB 
TO  BB  FORMl^,  AND  WHICH  SHOULD  SB Tl'LB  THB8B  QUESTIONS 
IN  A  MANNER  THAT  WOULD  BB  SATISFACTORY  FOR  ENGLAND 
AND  SAFE  FMl  Ul». 

••  That  to  decline  toch  a  convention,  and  to  perslat  in  a  practice  which 
we  were  pevraaded  could  not  b«  vindicated,  eapeciallj  to  the  extent  it  was 
carried,  teemed  leu  equitable  and  moderate  than  we  had  a  right  to  expect. 

•<  Lord  Grenv^e  stated  no  precise  principle  upon  which  he  supposed  this 
practice  could  be  ji^stified :  and  the  conversation  upon  this  point,  like  many 
others  upoi^  the  same  subject,  ended  without  m  prospect  of  sati^action. 
0:3*  ^A«  French  and  Spaniardt,  and  evety  qther-natioiit  enifA*  pjireue  the  eame 
eondutt  a*  rightfulh  ae  Great  Britain  doet.  With  respect  (j^  tojbrngn  ua- 
men  in  our  employi,tbi*  genemment  bat,  if  I  recoOeet,  jietdai  the  MMt  (SJ^tbougb 
their  ennqfftcert  continue  >the  practice'  We  are  assured  aU  AmerMeans  shall 
be  discharged  on  ^>plication  for  that  purpose,  and  that  ordert  to  this  effect 
have  been  givOn  to  their  naval.  comma-;iders;  but  Q^  thit  it  far  thort  if  ta- 
tii/actiait'-iHdeed,  TO  ACQyiESCE  IN  IT,  IS  TO  GIVE  UP  THE 
RIGHT."  , 

I  beg  the  reader  will  most  carefully  and  attentively  peruse 
the  second  and  third  paragraphs  of  the  preceding  document 

The  second  confirms  the  statement  made  by  Mr.  Picker- 
ing, when  he  was  secretary,  thai  Q;J*  DmUs,  Swedes  And 
otherforeignera  ivere  impreeeed  out  of  our  veisds^nil  utterly 
contradicts  and  disproves  his  recent  deelarationythat  Q^tke 
impressment  of  our  saimen  arose  from  the  djMcuUif  ^dicsrimu 
TMtmg  betwetfnan  Englishman  ami  an  dmeriean*  What  a 
farcical  procedure  it  would  be,  to  seize  by  mistake  upon 
Danes,  and  Swedes,  and  Portuguese,  as  Englishmen ! 

But  the  fact  established  by  the  third  paragraph  is  still 
more  important.  It  is,  that  this  country  (j^  <*  had  again 
and  again  offered  to  settle  these  questions  in  a  manner  tM 
wofttld  be  sm^actory  for  England  and  safe  for  the  United 
State.**  And  further,  that  «  England  bad  declined  such  a 
convention."  And  yet  Mr.  PicMlringhas  confidently  stated 
the  contrary,  in  direct  opposition  to  the  fact,  and  to  hisoiATi 
knowledge  and  experience.^— 


THB  OLIYK  BRANCH. 


tfk 


'*  Oar  gotNirnnMait  well  know,  tl 
la  adoft  dMjf  tnwffemiHt  tbat  can  be 
M««M  vbo  art  htr  own  «f^<«,  aW 


that  GttM  Brinin  sy  Uperftetfy  millhg 
th^ni  that  «<//  mttrt  to  Ser  ttnkt  tha 
at  tba  f Mm  timt,  tumpt  wriijrom  im- 

M»  mm  vio  nganb  At  tmtb  q3*  «IU  qpettUm  tit  ditpttirimtfiht  Brit' 
iii  iimmwiw  to  adopt  any  antm^mknt  that  vUt  tteart  to  Great  iritah  iht 
ttrtiai  ^ktr  owp  «i^(rei»."t  '  ' 

These  (iMts  looni  the  aid  of  connieiit.  The  dullett  and 
mMt  BnotiM  reader  romt  be  atrnek  with  the  aatoniafaing 
cQotnUltetioii  and  Inconsistency  they  display. 

With  Mr.  Pickering  I  am  dsiost  wiiolly  qnacouaihted. 
He  is  fkr  advanced  in  year^«-and  has  held  the  highest  and 
most  eonHdential  dflleesi  He  has  been  honoured  with  the 
regard  and  esteem' of  the  party  to  which  he  belongs,  of  whom 
be  is  considered  as  oiie  of  the  leaders.  He  has  asserted  of 
hinself, 

**  I  naif  eWrn  tam^  iMn  of  uttmtion  tnd  eredit— Utat  thare  nhieh  b  due  M  th« 
mM  win  d«fle«  dw  worid  to  poiat,  in  the  whole  eoune  of  a  long  and  pobiie  life,  at 
one  iiMtanee  of  deeepik»~«t  •  auigle  departiire  ftOm  truth/  # 

I  call  on  him  and  his  friends,  to  reconcile  the  above  state- 
ments with  the  (hets  of  the  case.  It  will  give  mc  pleasure  if 
he  can,  at  the  close  of  his  long  career,  lustify  himself  on 
this  point  to  his  own  oonscience,  and  to  his  country,  before 
Wl^Qse  bar  I  thus  solemnly  cite  him. 

One  other  observation,  and  I  dismiss  this  letter.— Mr* 
King  exidiciily  states,  and  with  perfect  juitice,  that  to  ac- 
quiescfrin  thesurrendcr  of  our  seamen  being  A  satisfaction  for 
the  ii\jury,  ia  (p*  to  admit  tht  right  of  impnstmenif  against 
which  he  most  cealouSi^  and  patnoticidly  contended. 

Extract fiwa  a  rtpert  ef  TitnotAjr  Fieiering,  etq.  tearttary  ^  stau,  to  Qmgren. 

Lee.  9, 1799. 
••  Adminl  Pkrkor  piM  no  attention  to  the  tgent'tnppliemtion  <nt  hehtif 
of  our  iaipr«««ed  aeuneni  the  edminl  hnving  deteirittlneid,  and  Infonned 
the  agent  of  thk  dettraiinatioii>  that  no  pioofii  i^oold  be  regatded  by  him, 
unleu  apecially  preaented  by  the  American  government  through  the  Britiah 
miniiter  t  nor  t|Mi  hum  tie  tingle  eatt  ef  wuhe  Anurieant.  Under  thia  de« 
termination  there  wHl  be  detainedt  not  only  the  anbjecta  of  hia  Britannic 
majeaty,  naturaliied  rince  the  peace  of  1783  ;  bnt  all  «^he,  born  elaewhere, 
were  then  resident  in,  and  had  become  citiiena  of  the  United  States ;  also, 
(ly  alifireigntre,  at  0«rmantt  Smedet,.  Danee^  l^nriMgutH,  and  ftaiiant,  vbo 
xolimtarify  t&9e  m  the  veitelt  €f  the  United  Statet.  And  it  it  a  fact  tbat 
(CrSUCH  FORBIOMERS  HAVE  FREQJJENTLY  BEEN  IMPRESS. 
£D  \  althaogk  thtir  languagee  and  other  eireuinttaiieei,  demonttrate  that 
Cj*  THEY  WERE  NOT  BRITISH  SUBJECTS.** 

Here  again  we  hnve  Timothy  Pickering,  secretary  of 
state,  versus  Timothy  Piekei^ing,  senator  of  the  United 
Slates.    As  seeretary,  he  hekn  the  strongest  testimony  on 

•  Letter  oTtlie  hon.  Timothv  Pickering  to  hia  exeellency  James  Sullivan,  govemoc 
oiMiiuachuaetts,  |Mge  13.      *  . 

t  Idem,  page  8.  ^  Mem,  page  <}. 


-^^ 


THE  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


the  Nlgeet  of  the  latltudinwiMi  prinoiples  on  wbiob  imprt w. 
BieBtltooiidueteiL  'v 

The  Milgeet  itrilcet  ne  in  a  new  pnint  ef  light.  An  Allien 
rionn  veeiel  i»niet  at  sea  by  a  Brltieh  IHgate.^The  erew 
are  brotight  trembling  before  that  right  reverend  and  wor- 
•bipM  magistrate,  the  boatswain's  matey  tfT  AU  who 
aumat^pMt  ]M»  BngUM  ore  tetostf^-^*  hkg  FrtMh, 
Germmu,  Dtmu,  Jbiltaiu,  or  lirftentoto*  lAsy  eomiol  ie  m- 
tiva  (^  the  Vniied  StaUs,  and  are  pot  therefore  entitled  to 
protection  from  our  flag.  This  serufiur  is  iioon  over.  Ano. 
therthen  talies  place.  And  (p*  of  Mote  whfi  tpetUt  plain 
BngUth,  hetnoBti  Minany  a§  M»uppoie$i  or  pnkndi  to  tup- 
poH,  to  he  9rUi^  eMeett  iH  And  yet  we'have  men  ill  high 
stations  who  defend  this  practice!  Would  to  God  thst 
Qy*  every  man  who  it  an  advocaie  /or  imprettmeni,  were 
tSmself  impressed  and  enslaved  on  board  a  British  man  of 
war,  with  a  cat-o'-nine  tails  to  his  back,  to  punish  his  re. 
fractory  spirit,  in  case  he  dared  to  complain ! 

Sxtroet  ^fa  kturfnm  Jtkn  MartkiaLEtt.  tteretarf  ^ttoUt'u  Rtffif  JBng, 
Btq.  Mbu$tir  Pladp^tntifarg  ^ftha  Unittd  Statet  at  Xmilm,  daUd 

DBpwtraeiit  of  SUte,  Sept  90^  1800. 

*•  77l«  Aii^«MMiK  tf  our  tecNMii  it  tm  injmy  «/  «*fy  nritm  magnitude, 
nMth  dtepig  ngitta  thefnUrngt  and  iMe,knmtr  aftlmnatiam. 

*'  Thia  valiuble  el^a  of  onm  it  coropoud  of  natives  and  ibreignen,  who 
ci)K*ge  yqlttiUarily  in  our  senrice.  « 

*'  No  riffat  bu  btiton  Auerted  to  impren  the  nativet  rf  Jhieriea.  XI^  Tet 
«%  tiTt  infmmdt  (Sytktg  are  dtagg«d tm  ttard^fBiiHtk th^  •fttv*  idth 
evidence  ef  tMaeiuhip  in  th(elrhandet  and  (CT^fi>^  h  vielentt'  there  to  eerve, 
vntil  eenebuhe  tettimeniaU  of  their  Urth  can  be  ebttdned.  Thete  moat  most 
BvnemUly  be  sought  for  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  In  the  mean  Hme, 
C:7  ACKNOWLEDGED  VIOLENCB  19  PRACTISED  ON  A  CITIZEN  OF 
THE  UNITED  SrATES,  111  COMPELLING  HIM  TO  ENGAGE  AND 
CONTINUE  IN  FOREIGN  SERVICE.  Altbouch  the  Iwds  of  the  admiralty 
uniformly  direct  their  diaoharge  on  the  proauetion  of  this  tesUmony; 
(drYBT  MA^  MUST  PBIUSH  UNRELIEVED.  AND  ALL  ARE  DE- 
TAINED A  CONSIDERABLE  TIME.  IN  LAWLESS  AND  INJURIOUS 
CONFINEMENT. 

*'  It  is  the  du^,  aa  well  aa  the  right,  of  a  friendly  nation,  to  require  that 
meaaurea  be  tahsen  by  the  British  government  to.  prevent  the  continued  repe. 
tition  of  auch  violence  by  ita  agent*.  Thia  can  only  be  done  by  punishing 
and  frowning  on  those  who  perpetrate  it.  o;^  THE  MERE  RELEASE  OF 
THE  INJURED,  AFTER  A  LONG  COURSE  OF  SERVING  AND  SUF- 
:F£RING,  IS  NO  COMPENSATION  FOR  TUB  PAST,  AND  KO  SECU- 
RITY FOR  THE  FUTURE.  It  is  iaaposaible  no|  to  believe  tlvit  the  deci- 
sive inteif  rence  of  the  government  in  this  l«spect,  would  prevent  a  practice, 
Qjfthe  eentinuanee  of  wAteA  mmt  inevitably  produce  ditcord  between  tvt 
noHonet  "dMch  ought  to  be  the  JHendtef  each  other." 

**  Those  seamen  who  wore  binrn  in  a  foreign  country,  and  have  been  adopted 
by  this,  were  either  the  sul^ects  of  Britain  or  some  other  power. 

"  The  rieht  to  impress  tnose  who  were  British  subjects  has  been  asserted  i 
and  the  right  to  impress  those  of  every  other  nation  has  not  been  disclaimed. 

"  J^either  the  enepfaetke  nor  the  other  can  be  justified. 


TUB  OUVB  BBANCH. 


flOl 


••  Witb  tlM  Mturil^ition  of  foraigMrft  m  other  sMImi  om  M«fiM»»  Air< 
ttaor  than  tho  rigbto  of  ttut  othtr  ho  »Aetad.  TI)o  rights  pTBritftki  mv 
oerUiinl^  not  offoctod  bf  the  Q^tui^lisotion  of  atbcr  thin  Mti*  loltfoeti. 
CPMiqiwiithr  thoao  panoM,  wha»<i«oottot  to  our  tewo.  mo  ritiw^  ■uit 
be  10  eooaidtrod  by  Britain,  aad  oYorjr  othor  power  oot  having  a  eooiktiaf 
claim  to  tho  poraooa . 

•<a7W  UNITEP  StATlt,  THKIBrOIIB,  BBQUIBi  PQIITIVB- 
LT,  THATTIIBIR  SEABOUl  WHO  ABB  NOT  BBITUH  gVBJBCTS. 
WHBTHBB  BOBM  IN  AMBBICA  OB  BLBBWHBBB,  IHALL  BB  BX- 
BMPT  FBOM  lMt>BB0SMBMT.  / 

*<  The  eaae  of  British  aubjecta,  whether  naturalisod  or  not,  ia  more  ooca* 
tionablet  a:^4Hf<A«r4trAf««mMM^t#iA*M<bdMMf.  The  pfactioo  orth# 
Britiah  goremment  itaelf,  niajr  ofertainiy,  in  o  owitroyoray  witK  that  govern' 
ment, be  rolied  «i.  IV  frtvUtg0$ Ualaimt  aadmtrutmt imm wriaifci^ bt 
e$dtd  t»  ttknt-    Q^2^,iiH!|f  tki»  wmtUM  f  diny  like  affnolMy  voortwn,  and 

**  Ifthepnotioeof  tiMBntiabgovoraneotinaf  beqtiotadtthatptMtleoia 
to  maintab  and  defirad  in  their  aek^etviee  att  thoae,*  cY  any  nation^  Whohavo  , 
TOhmtirily  engaged  in  it,  or  trhOk  aooording  to  their  Uwa,  have  becono  Bri* ' 
tiahaubjcctt. 

*'  JtuuManmh  *•*  MrMik  m^ttUt  tngafdkt  mtr  mtrehmn  ten^c*,  MyAl 
tt  lit  tftji^  extmpt  wt$k  tittg^  frtm  imfreMmntat  we  have  a  right  to 
engage  tlwm,  and  have  a  right  to,  and  an  intercat  in,  their  peraons,  to  the 
extent  of  the  service  contracted  to  be  performed.  Q^  Mritain  hot  n»*rtt«xt 
•fright  !•  tMrpttmu  tr  u  $hetr  mtitt.  QC^tO  TEAR  THBM,  THEN, 
VROM  OUR  POASESSION  |8  AT  THE  SAICB  TIME  AN  INSULT 
AND  AN  INJUBT.  od^lT  M  AN  ACT  07  VMUNCB  FOR  WHICH 
THERE  EXISTS  NO  PALUATtVB. 

**  W*  kmm  wa  tM  tht  tttfeuUyf  dltHtiftdtklaf  betmen,  nativg  Amri- 
emu  OfMf  BrMik  mMeeft,  ktu  bten- mid  with  retfeet  f  mutbttftf  on  oPf^gy 
fvr  tim  Mwiet  un^laiiud  rf.  It  is  not  pretcBand^  that  thie  ppidogy  can  be 
extended  to  the  caae  of  foreigners  t  and,  with  veapeet  to  m^ivcs,;  w^  doubt 
tlie  existenee  ofthe  difficulty  alleged."  We  kno#  weU  tlltet  ambnglthat  cUss 
of  people  odled  seamen^  Urn.  ean  i«M%  i^atinguifeh  between  a  name  AiAeri< 
cm,  Anda  pofson  mised  to  manhood^ ift flwatJhritidi^  W Iwland  t  and  we  do 
not  porceive  i^y  reaaon  why  the  capacity  of  makii^  thb  dUatinetion  shoidA 
not  be  possessed  in  the  Same  degree  by  one  nation  ill  by  the  other. 

"  If  therefore  no  regalation  esn  be  finrmed  which  riiall  effectually  secure 
all  seaman  on  iMtaid  American  mardianitmen,Q^-i*t  htrtfW  tight  f-e^pect 
fr$m  thtjmtiet  ^fthe  MritUh  gtxtnummtifirmitiui  regardj^  timftiendtmp  •/ 
tha  Umttd  State$  and  itt  Mm  hMUur,  that  it  wtit  maiMtt  tht  tineirilg  sf  ita^ 
■withe*  M  T^drtsk  thtt^fin***  iy  Q^pimUhbuf  thne  ifM  ceeimfi  it. 

"  We  hope,  however^  that  an  agteemeot  may  bo  enttr^  into,  iadafiwtory 
and  bosefifial  to  both  parties.  The  article  which  appears  to  have  been 
transmitted  by  my  predecessor,  whik- it  satisfies  thio  eoiinttyy  will  prob«bly 
restore  to  the  naval  aervicAof  GsSat  Britain  a  greater  number  of  seamen  thaii 
will  be  lost  by  it.  Should  we-«ven  be  mistaken  in  this  calcuhtion,  yet  lAe 
dormer  cOniMl  b»ptai»  UH^tiilUm  with  ihendkehief  whieh wiajf  rtniUfi>mk.' 
•  the  irritotitnjutttg  •acOed  Ay  ihie  prmttiee,  theemshmitthe  Vnited  Slate:  The  ' 
extent  and  justice  of  the  resentment  it  prodnces,  may  be  Estimated  in  Britain 
by  inqiUriiyg  Cf^  what  impreuiHM  wemld  he  made  M  them  hjf  sMiliir  cenduet  oti 
the  part  of  thi*  gevenanent. 

**  (O*  Should  we  imprenjrem  the  merchant  senses  of  Britain  net  only  t%He ' 
rieant  but  foreignere,  and  even  Britieh  »ubfeete,^mo  hng  would  emh  a  course 
ofinjurg  unredreoeed  be  petmiited  te  pato  uurevengedf  Bbio  long  would  the 
government  be  content  with  wteuceenful  remonstrance  f  I  believe,  sir,  that  only 
the  most  prompt  correction  of,  or  compensation  for,  the  ahuse,  woidd  he. 
admitted  as  satisfac'tion  m  auch  a  ease. 

"  If  the  principlos  iof  this  government  forbid  it  to  retaliate  by  impress 
ments,  there  is  yet  another  mode  which  might  be  resorted  to.    We  might . 


"\—^ 


'-»-:r.»'*. 


flOA 


Tm  OUTB  BRANCH. 


Mrtkofflii  «ar  aUps  «f  war,  thoorii  Mt  to  lapiMs,  ycC  to  raornit  uUon  on 
board  Mtfali  narebaiitHMn.  >imIi  are  tha  wdoailDenU  to  anter  into  oar 
naval  aarvlaa,  that  w<a  baliere  avan  thii  praetka  vookl  Hri  aarioutly  .^€bot 
Hm  aavifatioa  of  IMtain^-MW,  rir,  would  It  ba  raealvad  b/  tbbl^ltlah 

**  la  it  not  mora  adtiaable  to  deabt  fWniB  and  to  lake  aflbetaal  ibaaanfaato 
pravant  an  aeknowladged  wrong,  than  by  pe^pevaranea  to  that  wtonf  Q^  f 


JBartroel  a/  4  hlHr  Aftm  JMW  JOng,  Em.  «•  At  mcrttmni  tftHUf»  itttd 

XmJm, /Mmary  30, 1801. 


**  Tha  pMgreiawhieh  had  been  made  in  otir  negotiation  with  thlt  Mv«m< 

tent,  waa  auch  aa  mnat  have  brought  it  to  •  eNady  eonoluaion,  had  not  a 

chaaga  taken  place  in  the  department  of  Ibraigndbirai  thattbeiaauhwoiiM 


in  tha 


ithan t aa authoriaad to/iav,  M* 
though  1  iattarad  myaalf  «lth  the  hope  that  it  would  lie  ao.    Lord  Ha«vics- 


hava  been  •atianetoiy,  ia 


bury  aaaurea  me  that  he  will  ghw  to  tha  aeveral  auUceta,  which  havt;  Vean 
pret^  Ihlly  diaeutaed,  an  early  and  impartial  conaiMrationt  and  I  am  in 
hopaa  that  lord  8i  Vineent  win  likewiie  be  inelinad  to  attend  tck  ou '  reltem- 
ted  remonatraneaa  againit  tha  impreiaaent  of  our  aaaman,  and  the  Teiationa 
of  our  trade." 


*  CHAPTER  XXXiV. 

Mr,  Li$ton*i  prmet  of  a  C<mvewli4m  remuting^  Detertert^ 
jeded  tbhy  Mr.  Fkkerin^ff:  Mr.Smdari,  Mr,  WakoUy 


a- 

>fr.  JMiihiry.    MtjecUA. 

Iv  the  yetr  i800,  Mr»  LUtoOf  the  British  mikiistelr, 
flubiuttod  to  Mr.  Aj4«iii8t  prewdent  of  Uie  United  States,  a 
prolel  of  a  treaty  for  the  mutual  deUrery  of  deacrten*  of 
wbieh  ^  aimeU  the  MTenth  and  ninth  articles^  being  those 
¥rhiel^  alone  beior  on  this  siuilijeot. 

7.  **lt  it,  however,  Underetood,  that  thla  atipulatinn  is  not  to  extend  to 
authoriao  eitlier  of  tin  parties  .to  Remand  the  deliverv  of  any  sailors,  aob- 
iccta,  or  aitiaana,  belonging  to  the  other  party,  who  have  been  etaiployed  on 
board  the  vessels  of  either  of  tlie  respectiVa  naikma,  rad  who  have,  in  time 
of  war  or  threatened  hoatility,  volunterily  entered  into  th-^  service  of  their 
own  aovareig^  or  nation,  ar  Aove  been  nmpeUed  H  Inter  »<>.-c'»n.  icrf.  dinj-  to 
the  burnt  gml^arnrrter |»VMi<ltiy  iu  Jtetwenmtrkete^e^i.'tt^h 

9.  **  it  is,  however,  understood,  thAt  no  stipulation  in^i  u;  vx'  )<  .'  1  article 
sliaU  be  construed  to  empower  tiie  oivilor  military  oficcr.-.  of  eitlwr  of  tfie 
contracting  parUea  fctroibhr  to  enter  into  thepuMc  »htp»<tfiKart  or  into  th» 
if>rta,  garnaonaor  pttata  dfiha  other  party ;  or  to  uae  violence  tn  the  persons 
ot  the  land  or  aea  oflecra  9f  th^  reapeetive  nations,  with  a  view  to  compel  the 
dd  yery  of  auph  peraonaaa  may  havo  deserted  from  the  naval  or  military  aer- 
viu  of  eiiher  party  i>s  aforesaid.'* 

'BiL-^  vr(\jU  wap  ii^itted  to  the  beiids  of  departments, 
anil  tc  tI  4  tottontey  General,  for  their  opinions*  which  I 

y'rtm  'limthy  Fickeringt  Esq.  feretory  4/  tiat«t  f  Pretideni  Jldanu. 

Feintarg  20, 1800. 
'*The  secretary  has  the  honor  to  layliefore  tlie  president  Mr.  Uston's 
note  of  the  4th  Feljpuary,  together  with  bis  projet  of  a  treaty  for  the  reci- 


TWM  OUVE  BRANCH. 


SOS 


praeal  dditnnr  of  diHtttti  i  ai^wMcA  <if0ttn  te  lit  MvvMiry  ir«M|  <« 
'       UNLBM  IT  WOVLD  PUl'  iS  Cf  D  T9  IMMyMBMlWT 


whiak  Mr.  Uttan  MMMd  to  iwgir"'    mkU§  tlu  u«tmhpmiurr^  ^ Ht  pn- 

M,  StMUkrdt  Etq.  Mtrttarg  ^f  th»  ntfty,  M  fJW  PrtiUmt. 

fMrnoty  96^  ItOO. 
**  The  Noictafjr  of  the  narj  to  eloarly  of  opioiont  tkat  (i:^<f  4*  *f«itr  to 
h»t  i»  atH«k»  andmMt  att  emuettuneu,  than  tM  f  numerait  mtrehamt  vm- 
m'fi  en  ft0  Ugh  matt  amMg  tht  tkbigt  n$i  f  ttfoniNif  tnltrtd  MworcA  qf 


■■■y-ttr-'" 

J»0vtr  tftlftt,  Etf.  McrttaiTf  ^fikt  Utamajt  f  tht  PrttUknt. 

AMI  14>  1800. 
''The  prejtt  of  » tna^r  prmoMd  bjrthe  mbtliter  of  hU  Brttumio  maiati 
t>  tha  nciproed  delltfwy  of  dcMiten  firom  the  tend  and  naval 
(j3'<<Mt  mtt  unfMtHtlg  frmddt  (tfoAwl  tht  imfrtttrntnt  ^  ^meritmn. 
tmd  k  thtrt(fittt  dttmtd  tkadmMMt.** 

As  a  ■ubatitttte  for  Mr.  Liston's  first  article*  Mr.  Pietar- 
ing  proposed  the  ftrflowing : 

**  It  b,  however,  understood  that  nothing  in  these  atipuIatioQs  ehaU  be 
construed  to  empower  the  civil,  military  or  naval  oflcers  of  either  of  xhc 
contracting  parties,  forcibly  to  enter  btb  the  territory,  fiirta,  posts*  (J^  ^ 
«••««/•  ^tht  tthtrpartg  >  or  to  use  violeaoe  to  tho  penons  of  the  oo—mand- 
ers  or  the  oiBoers  of  the  fiirts,  posts,  or  vessels  of  t|io  ether  party,  with  a  viev« 
to  compel  the  delivery  Of  sodi  persons  as  shall  desert  as  aforesaid.** 

TMs  article  was  intended  finUy  to  se^are,  fh>tii  impress- 
ment, even  in  our  private  as  well  as  publle  vessels,  not 
merely  our  own  eitizens,  but  also  the  iiibjects  of  Great  Bri- 
tain; in  a  word,  to  put  an  end  entirely  to  this  praotiee  of 
impressment  on  board  our  vessels. 

Mr.  Wolcottf  secretai^  of  the  treasury,  proposed  a  f ub- 
stitute  for  the  article  objected  to,  still  more  clearly  and  ex- 
plicitly annihilating  the  pretensions  of  England  to  impress 
seamen  of  any  description  on  board  our  vessels. 

"It  (st  however,  understood,  tj^t  nothing  in  the  foregoing  stipulations 
•liall  be  construed  to  empower  the  civil  or  any  other  officers,  of  either  party, 
forcibly  to  eater  ^  forts,  posts,  or  any  other  place  within  or  under  the 
jurii^tion  of  tiw  other  pwty  i  nor  to  empower  tlie  nayal  commanders  or 
other  officers  of  either  party  forcibly  to  (CTetUtr  any  pubUe  or  prh>att  vttttb 
^  tht  tthtr  partjf,  on  the  hi|^  seas,  with  a  view  to  compel  the  delivery  of 
any  person  whatever :  on  the  contrary,  it  is  expressly  deehred  to  be  the 
understanding  of  the  eont^ting  patties,  that  the  mutual  restitutiops  of  pc!r* 
sons  cbdmed  as  deserters,  shall  onfy  be  niade  by  the  free  and  voli|ntary  cob* 
lent  of  the  military  offiotto  employed  in  tlie  lana  service,  or  the  commuidMs 
of  tbe public  or  pnv«le  ships  or  vessels  of  the,  two  parties,  or  in  pursuance 
of  the  decisioae  of  the  courts,  judges  or  other  competent  civil  officers  of  th« 
two  nations,  in  all  caaae  arising  within  tbeif  respective  jurisdictions." 

O.  WOLCOTT. 

/•met  ATEennft  Sterttan/  at  War,  to  the  Pttrident. 

"  The  secretary  thinks  the  pn^t  of  Mr.  Listen  may  be  substantial^  ac« 
cepted,  except  the  7th  article,  which  seems  to  provide  that  the  lAitcd 
States  shall  not  demand  the  delivery  of  any  sailors,  although  their  citizens, 
if  they  have  been  employed  in  l^riti^  vessels,'  and  who  have,  in  time  of 


904 


TfflS  OUVB  llftANCH.1 


walfpi  ilSrtatimiMttmilm,  tolniitarilyaitercd  into  tha  Britiih  wrvie*,  or 
have  Veen  cowpeUed  to  entertlieiein»  aceordMu^to  the  btv  tnd'  prtetke  pre* 
wUng  in  Great  BrMn.  this  tftiole  i»  rttj  inaecunftefy  ezprewedt  Sot  it 
nye,  **  emjlkytd  dr  Mtterad  into  the  Mrrioe  of  their  asm  loveicignr  or  nation, 
or  have  been  compeUed  to  enter  therein/'  fcc.  (C^  ijr  tkU  arUele  mtatu,  «Aai 
it  it  t^fireketidtd  it  dtet,  it  U  whtUfifUubduitk.  It  estahUahei  a  principle 
reprobikted  bjr  thia  ooontiy.  Tlie  Oounter  projet  of  the  aecretarr  of  state, 
in  substance,  meets  the  secretary's  approbation ;  but  it  is  submittea,  wbether 
the  ^option  of  pari  of  the  drut  by  the  siscretary  of  the  tveasuty,  win  not 
imp  re  it. 
"  All  which  is  lespectAill^  submitted.** 

JAMES  M'HRNRT. 
,  fFar  department,  Jlfitil  19t  1900. 

"The  attorney  general  hiviiiff  rrad  and  considered  the  letter  of  the  secre- 
tary of  state,  and  Ute  projet  of  an  article  drawn  by  the  sei^retary  of  the 
treasury,  on  the  subgect  of  deserters,  which  are  proposed  to  be  sent  to  the 
British  minister  here;  expresses  his  entiw  api»x>bation  of  tbe  same."  . 

CHARLES  LEE. 

AprUS0,l80O. 


GHAFTEE  XXXV. 

thrrwi  qflvt^preumenU,  as  auhMtUd  to  C&ngre$8  hy  Timothy 
Pi^ering,  Secretary  of  State. 

To  afford  ii  specimen  ci  the  treatnient  of  some  of  the 
impressed  American  seamen,  whose  cases  it  has  become 
fashionable  to  treat  with  indifference,  I  submit  extracts  from 
authentic  documents  on  the  subject.  It  will  incontroyertibly 
appear,  that  the  horrors  of  this  odious  and  execrable  busi- 
ness cf  impressment  have  beeii  <|iuintup)e^  by  the  odious  and 
execrable  manner  in  which  it  has  been  conducted. 

Extract  from  the  depontion  of  EBphalet  Zadd,  teetndimoite  on  board  the  Tho- 
mat  and  Saraht  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  native  of  Exeter,  J\/'evfEampthire, 
([^annexed  to  a  report  to  cingreta  of  Timothy  Pickering,  Etq.  teeretary  of 
atate. 

'  ^ii^«fen,  Jtme  19, 1799. 

-'  Eliphalet  Ladd  maketh  oath^  that  on  Wednesday,  the  12th  inst.  he  came 
on  shore  with  two  seamen  belonging  to  said  ship,  named  John  Edes  and  Is- 
rael Randol,  in  order  to  land  a  boat  load  of  staves ;  that  a  press  gang  came 
up  and  laid  hold  of  John.  Edes — that  one  of  the  press  gang  named  Moody, 
07  *>'A  a  broad  avnrdeut  thia  deponent  on  the  forehead,  and  made,  a  wound  •/ 
three  inchea  ///  They  then  took  deponent,  together  with  Edes,  andcondoct. 
ed  them  in  different  boats  on  board  the  Brunswick  man  of  war;  tJiat  the 
boat  on  board  of  which  Edes  was,  made  the  ship  some  little  time  before  the 
deponent  was  in:  and  on  deppnent's  nearingthe  ship,  (^ he  heard  the 
criea  of  a  man  flogging  f ! f  and  on  going  up  the  side  of  the  Brunswick,  he 
perceived  Edes,  who  was  crying^;  and  addressing  himself  to  the  first  lieuten. 
ant,  a  Mr.  Harris,  saying,  here  is  a  man  who  can  attest  to  what  I 
have  told  you.  The  lieutenant  then  laying  hold  of  deponent  by  the 
arm,  said,  (Sj'go  along  on  the  quarter  deck,  ^eu  damned  raaeal  you  !.'!  which 
deponent  accordingly  did;  that  all  the  unpressed  men  were  then  ex- 
amined, and  afterwards  ordered  by  the  lieutenant  into  the  Vaist ;  that  when 
they  got  there,  Edes  pulled  off  his  shirt,  and  (d^  SHOWED  DEPONENT 
HIS  BACK,  WHICH  WAS  BRUISED  FROM  HIS  SHOULDERS  TO  HIS 


THE  OLIYB  BRANCH. 


205 


tndt.'tJ 


HIPS  n  1  He  Uicn  informed  QC^  he  hadjutt  been  vMpJted  vdtk  npee  tt 
u  ileponent  wu  jfoing  up  the  ship's  8i<)es«,l^y.  the  bmUwa^fi  and  bis  mates, 
by  braen  of  the  lieuttiMntt  that  deponent  remained  ^n  board  the  Brunswick 
all  thttt  day  arid  the  next  night,  ^^tring  which  he  autgieal  or  metSealauiet- 
enee waegi^en  te the iteiouihe  had  reeeived on  hi» head,  itef  te  the  brtUtea  of 
the  taidJEdeti  who  Q^dinn'flSf  the  night  caUed  out  aepertU  timet  from  extreme 
paintt  and  the  next  morning  wot  barely  ablf  to  euve.  himee{ft  tl^at  between 
nine  and  ten  o'clock  the  nest  morning,  the  whole  of  the  impiwssed  mte  were 

rin  ordered  on  the  quarter  deck,  and  atationed,  except  deponent  andEdes : 
t  while  the  examination  was  going  on,  the  captain  of  the  Thomas  and 
Sarah  was  coming  on  board  <  but  Was  prevented  by  the  lieutenant,  who  or* 
dered  the  centinel  to  Iwep  him  off:  that  at  about  eleven  o'clock  the  captain 
of  the  Brunswick  came  on  board,  and  at  three  o'clock  deponent  was  dis- 
charged, but  Edes  retained.  ELIPHALET  LADD." 
Sworn  before 

William  Saoage,  Justice  of  the  peace,  &c. 

Further  ^exfraet.  frem  the  preceding, report  ^Timothff  Fickeringt  Etfi  tecre- 
.       •        s  7  tarifo/$tate,toCongresa. 

Richard  Carter,  of  the  Pomona,  of  I'ortsmouth,  impressed  at  the  same  time 
witli  Ludd  and  Edes,  among  other  items  of  his  deposition,  swore*-**  he  was 
violently  forced  into  a  boat,  and  qO*  STRUCK  TWICE  WITH  A  DRAWN 
CUTLASS  by  one  of  the  ofBcers  of  the  press  gang;  and  two  men  with  pistols 
placed  over  this  deponent,  who  ([^loaded  their  pistol*  in  the  pretence  ofthia 
deponent,  and  ([^threatened  to  blow  euf  hit  brain*  if  he  attempted  to  move  or 
tpeakf  and  tiien  they  carried  this'  deponent,  and  JoliA  KdeS,  oile  of  the  sea- 
men of  the  ship  Thomiw  and  Sarah,  an  American  citiien,  whom  they  had  also 
ieized,  on  board  the  said  ship  of  war,  the  Brunswick;  and  this  deponent 
saith,  on  getting  on  board  the  Brunswick,  this  deponent  and  the  said  Jolm 
Edes  wei<e  ordered  to  go  on  the  quarter  deck,  where  Mr.  Harris,  the  first 
lieutenant  of  the  said  ship,  ubusedthis  deponent  and  said  John  Edes ;  artd 

Eve  them  in  cbarge^o  the  master  of  said  ship,  while  he  went  to  look  for  the 
atswain's  mate;  and  soon  after  returned  with  the  boatswain's  mate,  whom 
be  ordered  to  t^ke  this  deponent  and  the  said  John  Edes,  and  to  beat  them ; 
in  obedience  to  which  orders,  (CTthe  taid  John  Edes  and  thi*  deponent  wefe 
severely  beaten,  particularly  thi*  deponent,  (0*  the  eaid  boatswain^*  mate  dtndt' 
ling  a  rope  of  about  three  inehea  and  a  half  thick,  and  (Xj*  BEATING  THIS 
DEPONENT  WITH  GREAT  VIOLENCE  OVER  THE  HEAD,  PACE, 
NKCK,  SHOULDERS,  BACK  AND  STOMACH,  UNTIL  UE  HAD  TIRED 
Himself  ! ! !  mid  then  CijThe  gave  the  aame  rope  to  one  of  the  mariners  of  the 
said  ship  Brunowicki  and  he  also  severely  beat  this  deponent  in  the  same  man- 
ner !!  and  this  deponent  *aith,  (Xj"  he  received  upwards  of  a  hundred  blows  // 
and  was  thereby  greatly  bruised,  and  QCj*  his  face  cut,  and  his  stomach,  as  -well 
internally  at  externally  injured,  so  that  this  deponent  iXj"  brought  up  a  quantity 
ofUoodfor  leveral  days.  Sworn  before  me, 

WILLIAM  SAVAGE, 

To  avoid  prolixity,  I  have  omitted  the  residue  of  tltis 
deposition.    The  deponent  was  liberated  by  habeas  corpus. 

Annexed  to  this  deposition  is  that  of  the  physieian,  who 
attended  Richard,  Carter,  who  declared,  tliat 

"  From  tb6  situation  in  which  he  found  the  said  Carter,  he  verily  believed 
he  had  been  very  severely  beaten  some  days  previous,  his  blood  being  very 
much  extravasated :  and  from  the  appearance  of  the  bruises,  it  must  have 
been  done  with  a  thick  rope." 

I  knpi^  not  in  what  terms  to  jiour  out  my  abhorrence  and 
indication  at  the  abominable  scenes  depicted  in  the  pre- 
ceding depositions  and  narratives.    Language  fails  in  the 

Aa 


80i» 


THE  OLIVB  BRANCH. 


attempt.  Shame*  disg^race,  dishonour,  and  infamy^  Will 
attend  the  councils  atid  o^uinsieUoinB  of  America,  for  the  base 
submission  to  such  monstrous  cruelty,  l^lie  pjiitrage  ought 
tohfive  been  metatthe  tlir^shold*—- AtonenuBnttothe  su^r. 
ers  ought  to  havo  been  made  at  the  pnbiie  expensiifi  that  is, 
ks  floras  such  horrlhie  iiyurles  can  be  atoniad  %-^and  a 
demand  made  tior  re-payment  of  the  money  thva^inployed. 
If  not  complied  witii,  full  and  complete  retidiation  ought  to 
have  taken  place. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

impressmnt  during  tlie  administration  of  Mr,  Jeffisr809»  Letter 
from  Rujus  King.  Arrangement  wim  Lord  8t.  Vinceht  re- 
jeeUd  by  Mr,  Ming.  MenwriaU  Jrorit  SdUmt  Jftw-Yorkt 
Fhiladetphiaf  Baltimore,  and,  J^whaven,  Murder  ^Cap- 
tain Pearce,  Proceedings  oj  Federal  Republicans  qf^^^* 
rork. 

Fftm RuJiull^ngtEaq>  to  the  Secretary- of  Etate,  .\ 

J^e».rtrk,  Jufy,  1903.^ 

"  Sir-^A>  soon  as  the  war  appeared  to  me  unavoidable,  I  thought  it  adri> 
sable  to  renew  the  attempt  to  form  an  arrangement  with  the  British  j^vern. 
ment  for  the  protection  of  our  seamen.  With  this  view,  I  had  several  con- 
ferences, both  with  lord'Hawkesbiiry  and  Mr.  Addington,  who  AvoWed  a 
sincere  disposition  to  do  whatever  might  be  in  their  power  to  prevent  the 
dissatis&ction  on  this  subject,  that  had  so  frequently  manifested  itself  dilring 
the  late  war :  q:;^*  vith  very  camtid  profutiontt  I,  hevever^  fiimd  eeveral  ob. 
Jectiona,  in  discussing  the  project  with  the  first  Iprd  of  the  admiralty.  Lord 
'liuwkesbury  having  promised  to  sign  aiiy  agreement  upon  tite  subject  that  I 
should  condude  with  lord  St.  Vincent,  I  endeatvoured  to  qualify  and  remove 
the  objections  he  offered  to  our  project:  and  finally,  the  day  before  I  left 
London,  lord  St.  Vincent  consented  to  the  following  reg^ilations  — 

"1.  No  seaman  or  seafaring  person  shall,  Q^  upon  the  high  aeaa,  and  with- 
014/  the  juritdiction  of  either  party,  be  demanded  or  taken  out  of  any  ship  or 
vessel  belonging  to  the  citizens  or  subjects  of  one  of  the  parties,  (fj*  by  the 
public  or  private  armed  thipt  or  men  of  war,  belonging  to  or  in  the  service  of 
the  otlier  party ;  and  strict  onlers  shall  be  given  for  the  due  observance  of 
this  engagement. 

"  2.  Kach  party  will  prohibit  its  citizens  or  subjects  froitt  clandestinely 
concealing  or  caiTj'ing  away  from  the  territories  or  colonial  possessions  of  the 
other,  any  seamen  beionguig  to  the  other  party. 

"  3.  These  regulations  shall  >be  in  force  for  five  years,  and  no  longer. 

"  On  parting  with  his  lordship,  I  engaged  to  draw  up,' in  the  form  of  a 
convention,  and  send  him  these  ai-ticles,  in  the  course  of  the  evening,  who 
promised  to  forward  tliem,  with  his  approbation,  to  lord  Hawkesbury.  I  ac- 
cordingly prepared  and  sent  the  draft  to  his  lordship,  who  sent  me  K  letter  in 
the  course  of  the  night,  stating  that  on  further  reflection  he  was  of  opinion, 
OIj'  tfiat  the  narrow  seat  ahouldbe  expreuly  excepted^  they  hanng  been,  as  his 
lordship  remarked,  immemorially  considered  to  be  within  Hie  dominion  of 
Great  Britain ;  that  with  this  correction  he  bad  sent  the  proposed  convention 
to  lord  Hiiwkesbur}',  who,  his  lordship  presumed,  would  npt  sign  it  before  he 
should  have  consulted  the  judge  of  the  hi|^  court  of  aduiinltx.  Sir  William 
Scott. 


\jT^^r,   r^^^i^    ^^^^rf^^r^^^™^^ 


w- 


;'  As  I  liad  supposed,  froi^  the  tenor  of  my  conferencet  witlt  ^otd  St.  Vin- 
cent, that  the  doctrine  of  the  mare  ctotinuM  would  not  bie  reirived  agalftst  us 
on  tlila  occasion,  hut  that  EngUnd  wpulil  he  content  with  tlie  limited  juris- 
diction  or  demihioh  ovffr  the  seas,  adjfugent^  her  teivitories,  whioh  is  assij^ied 
by  tb«^w«f  nations  toother  states^  I  Wis,  mot  a  Uttlcl"disappohited  on  re^eiv- 
ihff  thib  c^mmunicat^ni  and  after  weighin|r  well  th<i  nature  of  the  ptinctple, 
im  the  dikiKlvantages  of  its  adtniaiion,  ily*  Jt^e0tolu4ed  to  lOandirti  (AJ  nego- 
tiation rather  than  toacguietce  in  the  dbc/rJM  it  fropoMdto  ettabluh. 

"  I  Kgret,  not  to  h»ve  been  ahle  to  put  this  bisiuess  oT(  a  saUsfaetory  foot- 
ing, knotting,  asldiv  its  ve^  great  importance  to  botli  parties.  Uut  1  flatter 
myself  that  I  have  not  misjudged  the  interests  of  our  country,  dCy  in^fiim^ 
to  tanetion  a  principle  that  might  be  productive  of  mori  exteneive  evil*  titan 
thote  it  vat  our  aim  to  prevent." 

Tkis  is  a  most  imp(n>tftnt  document^  and  must  iie-ver  for 
an  instant  be  overlookeu  in  furming  a  decision  un  the  question 
of  impressment.  Mr.  King  was  united  witli,  and  a  leader 
among  those  men  Wh6  were  lately  hunting  dowto  Mr.  Mkdison, 
and  preparing  the  way  for  anarchy  andcivilwar :  andthe  chief 
pretence  was  the  stahd  Mr.  Madison  made  against  impress- 
ment. Nevertheless,  we  find  that  he  took  the  same  ground 
himself— and  that  it  is  indisputably  true,  that  more  than 
one  half  of  the  miseries  of  oiir  poor,  oppressed,  and  enslaved 
seamen  are  chargeable  to.  his  aecount.  And  whatever  may 
be  the  maledictions  which  his  friends  are  showering  down 
upon  Mr.  Madison,  a  double  portion  of  them  has  been  rneh- 
ly  earned  by  Mr.  King.  For  it  appears,  that  had  he  been 
so  dilqiosed,  he  might  have  rescued  our  sailors  from  the  hor- 
rors of  slavery,  everywhere  but  on  the  narrow  seas,  which 
would  have  greatly  abridged  their  sufferings,  as  well  as  our 
complaints  against  Great  Britain.  And  yet  lately  with  a 
most  wonderful  and  hideous  degree  of  inconsistency,  he  was, 
as  I  have  stated,  persecuting  and  trying  to  crush  Mr.  Madi- 
son for  the  attempt  tp  protect  our  seamen,  in  whose  favour  he 
formerly  displayed  such  a  high  degree  of  solicitude  ! 


To  evinee  how  universal  has  been  the  indignation  of  our 
meraantile  citizens  against  the  oppression  of,  and  cruelties 
perpetrated  upon,  our  seamen,  I  annex  impressive  extracts 
from  documents  on  the  subject. 

Extract  from  a  Jtfemorial  to  Congress  of  the  inhabitants  of  Salem,  January 

20,1806, 

"  Your  memorialists  are  sorry,  that  other  instances  of  hostile  conduct  have 
been  manifested  by  Great  Britain,  less  direct  in  their  natuie,  but  not  less 
derogatory  from  our  sovereignty  tlian  tliose  enurtierated.  (Xj"  THE  IM- 
PRESSMENT OP  OUU  SEAMEN,  f^CT  notwithatantUng  clear  proof s  of  citi- 
senship,  the  violation  of  our  jurisdiction  by  captures  at  the  mouths  of  our 
harb(>ur8,  and  insulting  treatment  of  our  ships  on  the  ocean,  are  subjects 
Worthy  of  tlie  sei-iouS  consideration  of  our  national  councils ;  and  will^  we 
have  no  doubt,  receive  an  early,  prompt,  and  decisive  attention." 
Signed  in  behalf' of  tlie  inhabitants,  by  their  authority, 

John  Hathpme,  Benjamin  Crowninshield^  junr. 

Joseph  Sprague,  Joseph  White,  junr. 

Jonathan  Mason,  Joseph  Story. 


inn 


M 


i   ■ 


m 


20« 


THE  OLtVE  SRANCIt. 


*'  Bui  it  U  JIM  on  Mcwmt  of  onr  peeaidtry  \otn*  4<>a9  tbat  im  complain. 
TK$  ettuttmeg  andvabiw  <tf  the  ttamn  iff  the  United  Statf  are  jiist^  tljcm^ 
ofpatriotie  extdtation.  From  th«ir  conneziofi  witli  as,  07  *>*  eekdder  their 
eoum  a$  ow  mhm/  T'i  ^heir  rirhtt  ae  our  Hghfi  ^  $h«tpiMmeie  at  ew 
itltereete.    uj-  Qw/eeSnge  art  p^iUgnant  at  the  recital  ^fthtir  wrengt.'* 

This  beautifiil  and  sublime  pieoe  of  composUioiift  which 
does  equal  bQiiour  to  the,  bead  and  heart  of  the  writer,  is 
signed  oy  a  colBmittee  of  fiorty-nine  personSf  whose  names 
may  be  seen,  page  90  of  this  wonc.      Many   of  these 

Svntlemen  have  betrayed  their  honour.  The  v  hav^  not  re- 
eeined  the  solemn  pledge  that  accompanied  this  morceau. 
lliey  have  must  indubitably  done  all  in  their  power  to 
fasten  the  horrors  of  impressment^  with  adamantine  chains, 
on  those  illustrious  men,  **  whose  cause— 'Whose  rights-— 
whose  interests — ^tncy  considered  as  their  own  caaser— their 
own  rights—their  own  interests.*'  For  no  man  beyond  the 
ranic  of  an  idcot,  can  doubt  that  every  step  taken  to  cripple 
the  government — which  game-  they  lately  played  on  a 
large  scale—was  a  step  towards  laying- the  nation,  tied  neck 
and  heels,  at  the  feet  of  England,  to  prescribe  what  terms 
she  pleased,  and  of  course  to  perpetuate  tlio  miseries  of  im- 
pressment. 

Extract  from  the  Memorial  nfthe  merchants  o/Philade^hia  to  Congrettt  Li- 

eember,  1805. 
"  That  eur  teamen  theuM  be  expoied  te  the  cd*  MEANEST  INSVLTS. 
AND  (CT  MOST  WANTON  CRUELTIES,  and  the  (hiiU  of  our  industry 
and  enterprise,  fall  a  prey  to  the  profligate,  cannot  but  excite  both  feeling 
and  indigiMtion,  and  call  loudly  for  tlie  aid  and  protection  of  government." 

Some  of  tite  gentlemen  who  signed  this  petition,  stand  in 
precisely  the  same  situation  as  some  of  the  sighera  of  New- 
York.  The  observations  made  on  tiiese— of  course  apply  to 
those. 

f^tract  from  the  Memorial  of  the  merehanta  of  Baltimore,  dated  Jwiuarj/ 

21,  1806. 

*•  Your  memoriaUsts  will  not  trespass  upon  your  time  with  a  recital  of  the 
various  acts  by  which  our  coasts  and  even  our  ports  and  b'ai-bours  have  been 
converted  into  scenes  of  violence  and  depredation~-and  (^ourgallata  covh- 
trymen  oppreised  and  ptrtecuted.*' 

Extract  from  a  Memorial  to  Conf^ett  of  the  merchatUe  ofJVevhav^n,  agreed 

«o  i'Wrwary  r,  1306. 

"In  regard  to  (TTTHE  IMPRESSMENT  OF  AMERICAN  SEAMEN, 

yow  memnruiHtto  feel  in  common  with  their  feUaw  citizen;  (Cj'o  lively  indigna- 
tion at  the  abtitea  of  power  often  exerdted  by  British  officers  upon  ^fmer.'tan 
citizens.  We  have  lull  confidence  that  (Cj'the  gmemment  of  the  United 
States  will  adopt  and  pursue  such  measures  for  restraining'  tliese  injurious  pro- 
eeedinga  ae  the  honour  and  interest  of  the  United  States  may  require" 

After  the  murder  of  Caprain  Pearce,  entering  the  port  of 
New- York,  by  Captain  Whitby,  of  theLeander,  within  the 


tm  OtIVB  IIRANOH. 


309 


jurisdiction  ^of  the  IJnited  SUtes^  thire  were  vMetifigi  heM 
in  various  parts  of  the  topuntit/»  to  eiqitresi  their  abhorrence 
of  tl>e  outrage.  On  the  iflftii  of  iLpril,  Jtil04>  9Mk»  Tontine 
Coffee  House  in  New- York*  there  was  a  nomdronB  and  rtjey 
respectably  medting  of  GBderalists,  who  appqiinted  (Of  Au^ 
King,  Ebehezer  Stevens,^  Oiiver  Voicott,  WHUiiin  ^ 
Woolsejr,  and  William  Henderson,  to  draw  up  atid  report  a 
set  of  resdotions  for  the  occasion.  In  their  rerport»  wliich 
was  unanimously  agi*eed  to>  was  the  following  philinpie 
against  the  admihistration  for  permitting  IMPRESSMENT, 
among  other  grievances.. 

*'  Resolvied,  That  the  suffering  foreign  anned  ships  to  station  themselves 
off  our  harbour,  and  there  to  stop,  search,  and  capture  our  vesseb— to 
03>  IMPRESS,  WOUND,  AND  MUHDBB  OUR  CITIZENS^  ii  a  gross  and 
criminal  neglect  of  the  highest  duties  of  government;  and  that  an  adminis- 
tration #hich  patientUr  ptfmits  tlie  same,  i$  not  entitted  to  the  eot\fidenee  of  a 
brave  andfi'ee  people. 

"  Resolved,  That  the  murder  of  JohA  Pearce,  one  of  our  fellow  citizai8,b]r 
a  shot  from  a  British  ship  of  War,  at  the  enti^ce  of  our  harbour,  and  within 
half  a  mile  of  the  shore,  while  he  was,  engaged  in  peaceably  navigating  a 
coasting  vessel,  laden  with  provisions  for  our  market,  was  an  act  that  excites 
our  detestation  and  abhorrence ;  and  call*  upon  our  gvcemment  for  the  adop' 
tim  ofproH^t  and  vigorous  meamrea  to  prevent  a  repeltUon  of  turn  vanton  md 
inhuman  conduct,  and  ooflngrant  a  violation  of  our  ttvereiffntjf** 

Some  of  my  readers  may  not  know-— but  it  is  perfectly 
proper  that  all  should  kno^,  that  Captain  Whitby  was 
brought  tp  trial  in  England,  and  honourably  acqwittd.  For 
the  murder  of  Pearce,  no  atonement  has  been  made.  It  still 
cries  shame  and  disgrace  on  his  countrymen. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

Documents  on  Impresiment  continued. 

Deposition  ofltaa*  Clark. 
"  I,  Isaac  Clark,  of  Salem,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  and  commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  on  solemn  oath  declare,  that  I  was  bom  in  the  town  of  Ban. 
dolph,  in  tlie  county  of  Norfolk;  have  sailed  out  of  Sakm  aforesaid,  about 
seven  years ;  that  on  the  14th  of  June,  1809,  I  was  in)ipressed  and.  forcibly 
taken  fmm  the  ship  Jane,  of  Norfolk,  by  the  sailing  master  (his  name.  Was 
Car)  of  his  majesty's  ship  Porcupine,  Itobert  Elliott,  commander.  I  had  a 
pratectioit  from  tlie  custom  Jiouse  in  Salem,  which  1  showed  to  captain  El- 
liott :  CCT*  he  swore  that  I  va»  an  EngUthman  e  QCj*  tore  mg  pritectian  to  pieces 
before  my  eyis,  and  threw  it  overboat'd,  and  ordered  me  to  go  to  work.  I  told 
liim  I  did  not  belong  to  his  flag,  and  I  would  do  no  work  under  it.  tic  then 
(CTorderedmy  legs  to  be  put  in  irons,  and  (Xj>THE  NEXT  MORNING  OR- 
DERED The  ma'stek  at  arms  to  take  me  on  ubck,  and 

(C/'GIVE  ME  TWO  DOZEN  LASUES:  after  receiving  them,  he  ordered 
Iiim  to  keep  me  in  irons,  and  give  me  one  biscuit  and  one  pint  of  water  for  24 
hours.  After  keeping  me  in  this, situation  one  week,  I  was  brought  on  deck, 
and  asked  by  captain  Elliot,  if  )  would  go  to  my  duty.  On  my  refiuing,  lie 
ordered  mc  to  strip,  (^  tied  me  up  a  second  time,  and  gape  me  two  liixen  more, 
and  kept  me  on  the  same  allowance  another  week—then  ordered  me  on  deck 
again,  asked  if  I  would  go  to  work.  I  still  persisted  that  I  was  an  American ; 
and  that  he  had  no  rigljt  to  coinirand  my  serviccSj  and  i  would  do  no  work 


I   '"-a 


no 


JJH&^^fttftyB  ^ANCm; 


on/,  I^M^dr,  hlB  Mft.  vHa  told  np  h*  vo^ld  MHvaht  nae^ttntU  1  wu  wil^ng  to 
\rvki  and  ({:^j«v«,m«  IA«  /AtVd  two  dffWN  uuhe»,\^  ordered  a  vitrjf'hetvg 
dhtt^Pm  fou^n^  tieck,  {tuth  at  they  hud  ^uMd  to  »Unj^  the  IMeryardy  fat- 
tened f  »riti^^b^  in  the  cfecib,  And  that  no  peNon,  except  thtt  ituaur  at 
•rnw*  ahoidd  4p«Uc  to  roe,  or  give  me  «ny^thinct>to  eat  or^^iidc,  ¥tot  onp  bit. 
cuit  ^  pint  qf  water  for  24  noun,  until  I  would  go  to  ^orlc.  1  avi^s  kept  in 
tkja  situ^tio^  tat  nine  weeka^  when  <i^  being  ex^utte.d  by  hunger  atid  (hirtt, 
I  Waa  obliged  to  vMA.  Afier  beinj^  onboard  the  ship  more  tfafiai  two  years 
and  i  Kaln  and  bMng  vouhded  in  an  action  vdth  a  Frenck/Hgate,  I  was  sent 
to  die  hoapitat  ^hen  partially  rpoov«red»  1  was  sent  on  board  ibe  In>preg. 
n^le,  ^8.|pin  ^hup.  Q^  My  wound  growing  worte,  I  woe  returned  to  the  hoa. 
pitah  wbeM  .tbe.An>eric)in  consul  received  a  fcopy  of  my  ttriotectioh  fW>m  Sd. 
icm,  and  procnred  iay  dischak'ge  on  the  29th  day  of  April  last.  Tlisre  were 
seven  impressed  Americans  on  board  the  Porcupine,  three  of  whom  hod 
entered."  .,,,,,.'      ISAAC  CLA^. 

£Mej;,  A«.  JDec.  23, 1812.  v^^^  ^ 

"  Then  <tsitac  (fhu-k  personally  appeai'ed,  and  mad^  solemn  oath  that  the 
facta  in  the  foregping  dcclaratiou,  by  him  made  and  subscribed,  were  true  io 
all  their  p^u-ts-^oclbre    ,       '< 

JOHN  PUNCH AtlD,  7  Justices  of  tlie  peace, 
,      ,  M.  TOWNSEN0.      5     and  of  the  quoium. 

,  J'rom  Com.  Rodgert  to  tlie.  Secretary  of  the  J^aroy. 

If.  S.  Frigate  President,  J^oston,  Jan.  \4i,^i8lS. 

"  Sir— Herewith  you  will  receive  two  muster  bucks,  of  his  Britannic 
miyesty'a  vess^,  Mos«llc  and  Sappho,  found  onboard  the  British  packet 
Swallow. 

"  »St  the  British  have  ahoayt  denied  that  they  detained  onboard  tlteir  ahipt 
of  war,  American  citixent,  knowing  them  to  be  tuch,  I  tend  you  tfte  enclj-ed,  as 
apubUe  document  of  tlteir  own,  to  prove  how  ill  tuch  an  uasertion  accordt  with 
their  practice, 

«'  it  will  appear  by  these,  two  muster  books  that  so  late  as  Jlugutt  last, 
about  an  eighth  part  of  tlie'  Moselle  and  Sappho's  crews  were  .^nericant,- 
consequently,  if  there  is^  only  a  quarter  part  of  that  proportion' on  board  their 
other  vessels,  that  they  have  an  infinitely  greater  number  of  Americans  in 
their  service  than  any  American  has  yet  had  an  idea  bf. 

"  Any  further  comment  of  mine  on  this  subject,  I  (consider  unnecessary  { 
as  the  documents  speak  too  plain  for  themselves.   I  Lave  tlie  honour  to  be,  Sic. 

JNO.  KOOGERS. 
"  The  hon.  Paul  Hamilton,  Secretary  of  the  Navy." 

Extract  of  a  letter  fron  Commodore  Porter  to  M.  Carey,  dated 

Washington,  July  13, 1815. 
"  After  closing  my  letter  of  this  morning,  1  received  yours  of  yesterday; 
and  as  tlie  only  rneans  of  procuring  the  information  required,  have  consulted 
Commodore  Hodgers,  who  inrorms  me  that  there  appeared  on  the  muster 
books  of  the  Moselle  and  Sappho,  the  names  of  from  thirty  five  to  forty  men, 
who  were  reported  to  the  aclmiralty  ofRce,  as  impressed  American  seamen. 
The  places  of  their  nativity  arc  also  noted-  The  complement  of  men  for  each 
of  these  vessels  was  about  160.    With  respect.  Sec.  DAVID  POUTER. 

*•  I  B^kman  Ver  Plank  HoflTman,  of  the  town  of  Pongjikeepsie,  do  certify, 
tiiat  1  am  a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  navy ;  that  I  was  a  lieutenant  on 
board  the  Constitution  in  the  action  and  capture  of  the  Java ;  and  wus.  sent 
on  board  that  vessel  t  and,  at\er  the  crew  were  removed,  set  her  on  fii-e,  and 
blew  her  up  , 

"  Among  the  crew  of  the  Java,  Cj'' THIRTEEN  IMPRESSED  AMERI- 
CAN  SEAMEN  were  found,  three  of  wliom  had  entered  the  British  seivicC) 
and  were  left :  the  otiier  ten  wei-e  liberated  as  Americans." 

B.  V.  HOFFMAN. 

Foughkeepsie,  April  16, 1813. 


TUB  taiVE  BRANCH^ 


2\\ 


*'  Skhard  Thofrtpton,  ht'mg  twom,  iaitk  that  he  b  a  lOLtiim  of  Mev'Palta, 
opjpotite  PVMghke^siei  that  he  aaUad  ftomWihnington  about' the  38th  of 
Aprli»  1810,  on  boaid  the  brig  Warren,  Wm.jUlly,  oaptainr<br  Cotk.  On 
the  Homeward  paUMM,  in  September  foU»winy,Jw  waa  impreaaed  and^taken 
on  hoard  the  Peaeook,  a  BrHialli  aloop  of  war»  and  compelkd'  to  do  his  doty ; 
that  while  on  board  that  Tepiel,  he  made  maqr  unaveeeaaftil  attempta  to 
write  to  hia-  friends,  to  itiibrm  them  of  lus  sitiuU^on.  lie  Airther  liaitb,  thit 
after  he  hail  heard  of  the  war,  himself  amd  two  other  impressed  American 
seamen  who  w^  on  board  the  Peaco«k,  w«nt  aft  to  the  captain  i  daimed  td 
be  considered  aa  Ameridu>  prtfonera  of  war;  and  Irefuse^  t<»  do  duty  any 
longer*,  ..i  ■  .!■^'li)  -iiv  <  . 

M  We  vera  ordered  off  the  quarter  deck*  aifd  the;  i^Ui»  ««Ued  for  the 
master  at  arms,  and  ordered  us  to  be  put  in  inms.  Wb  were  then  kept  in 
irons  about  twenty-four  hours,  when  we  Were  taken  out,  brpught  to  the  gang- 
WMf,  (CrSTW^«BD  OF  OUR  CLOTHES,  TIED  AND  (jj*  WHIPPED, 
BACH  OI^B  DOZEN  ^ND  A  HALF  LASHES,  AND  PUT  TO  DUTY. 

•*  He  ftirther  saith,  that  he  was  kept  onr  board  the  Peacock,  and  did  duty 
till  the  action  with  the  Hornet.  After  the  Hornet  hoisted  American  colOUi«i 
he  and  the  otiier  impressed  Ame|ri<:ans  again  went.tct  the  captain  of  theftal- 
cook^  asked  to  be  aent  below.;  said  it  was, an  American  shipt  aai  that  they 
did  not  wish  to  fi^t  against  their  country.  The.captain  ordered  us  to  our 
quarters :  called  midshipman  Stone  to  do  his  duty ;  and  if 'we  did  not  do  our 
duty,  o:J'TO  ^OW  OUR  BRAINS  0U1'>  "aye^ayer  was  answered  by 
Stoni,  who  (p*  thm  held  a  pitol  at  mf  breatt,  aiwl  ordered  us  to  our  places. 
We  then  continued  at  our  places,  and  were  compeUed  to  figbt,till  the  Peieock 
gtrucli;;  and  w«  were  libented  •Xiff  about  two  yeara  and  eight  mentliak''     - 

■     hia     :,•.-'•; . 
RICHARD  M  THOMPSON. 
i:  mark.*' 

Pougbkeepsie,  April  17, 1813.  v    <  vVt^< 

Bead  over  and  Mj^d\  JOSEPH  HARRIS^  ^ 
in  the  ftreience  ^  t  >  JOHN  ii.  PRIAR. 
Zxtritct  frem  the  log  book  tf  tin  officer  on  board  hit  nu^ettg'defip  Ouerri^ 
in  the  action  with  the  CoUttitution. 

'•  The  Guerriere  was  a  frigate  of  F30  tons  burden,  takeii  froip  the  French 
in  1806 ;  and  had  302  men  and  bpvs  belonging  to  her.  There  loere  ten  ^mer^ 
cm  teamen  ot|  6oarc^  who  hud  belonged  to  her  for  some  years.-iir]9ut  as  i^ 
declaration  of  war  against  Great  Britain  was  not  known  when  she  sailed^  there 
had  been  no  opportunity  of  discharging  them  y  and  <:aptain  Nacres  consider- 
ing it  as  unjust  to  compel  a  native  of  the  United  States  to  fight  against  his 
coupti^en,  granted  them  permission  to  quit  their  quariers  anii^j^o  below.'* 

Captain  Dacres,  in  his  address  to  the  court  martial  by 
which  he  Mras  tried,  states  this  fact  in  the  followingi  teriQS  f  • 

"  What  contiderMjf  veakened  tnj/  quarter t,  wat  permitting  the^Jmeriqmi 
Singing  to  the  ihipt  to  quit  their  guartt^rt  on  tlie  ent^my  hoisting  the  colomni 
of  that  nation,  which,  though  it  deprired  mc  of  the  men,  I  thought  it  yrfk 
my  duty." 


'V  t*  :*i^'fc .  :  .  ■  IJ  ^:  'vjh'X  >  V-<^-;^w;y  Jioeton,  February  6, 1813.  ■ 

^  liiedint  Boston,  on  the  3d  iititan^,  6n  hokrd  the  fri^te  President,  God- 
frey Fyer,  seamen,  aged  47.  The  deceased  was  a  natiVe  of  Rhode-Island, 
and  was  one  of  the  numei-Jus  instances  of  impressment,  which^  hiave  been  the 
cause  oi  complaint  against  the  English.  He  was  taken  on  board  an  American 
merchant  ship,  and  though  he  never  Toluntarily  entered  their  servite,  he  was 
detained  finm  his  country  and  his  friends  yaurfwn  year*,  dutttg  which  thne 
he  was  preseitt  at  seventeen  engagfemenb^  and  gained  the  reputation  of  a 
good  seaman  and  a  br«ye  man.    :-%-,2.j;-u.-,ij,,i.-:v,;.^iui*«,.v' . 


t!l2 


THBOUVEBRANCHg^* 


••  H«  At  Imgth  found  meiuii  to  eteaiMi  sad  on  hu  Niuni  to  the  United 
8t«tw»  ho  iiDHMiluleljr  thippod  on  bonrd  the  PnaUlont,  where  h«  continued 
until  hit  d»y>Mr  -hii  conduct  tceeiving  the  murhod  approbation  of  hit  com* 
maadod  «nd  tAo  ether  oflot^  of  the  frigato.  Ho  m»  intemd  on  ThuNday 
last  ot  Ch«rto«tow|»i^ia  tVineral  wm  attended  br  n  lieutenant,  eight  roidabip. 
men,  all  the  pettv  oflkera^  and  fifty  seamen  of  tne  ship  i  and  tlie  ceremonies 
Were  performed  oy  the  ohapUin  in  a  manner  highly  aolemn  and  impresaive." 

Fr»mtk$  3iti*nJPahiot. 
**  My  brother  John  Cand,  of  Woolwioh,  in  the  Dtatrict  of  Afidne,  waa  prcat 
Oit  board  hit  mateaty'a  frigate  Macedonian,  on  the  lOth  of  Junot  1810,  from 
the  abip  Mount  Hope,  of  Wiscaaaet,  and  waa  killed  on  board  the  Macedonian, 
in  tlie  battle  with  the  United  States,  Commodore  IMeatur.  A  dlsoonsokte 
wife  and  child  are  in  mourning  and  in  aorrow,  for  the  loss  of  a  husband  Mtd 
pu«nt,  on  whom  they  were  dependent.** 

JOSEiPH  CAND. 

y  .**  The  following  narrative  of  an  Impressed  American*  will 
show  not  only  the  disgraceful  manner  in  which  American 
sailors  have  been  forcibly  dragged  into  a  foreign  service,  but 
the  treatment  they  receive  in  consequence  of  refusing  to  fight 
against  their  country. 

**  I  John  Niehob,  a  native  of  Durham,  state  of  Massachusetts^  relate  and 
•ay,  that  I  sMled  fW>m  PbrUand  in  the  ship  Franklin,  commanded  by  James 
Marks,  as  chtd(matc^  bound  to  Liverpool,  where  we  arrived  the  seventh  day 
of  February,  ll09.  The  same  day  t  was  taken  by  a  presv  gang,  eomieg  from 
my  boarding  house  to  the  ship,  and  carried  by  them  to  the  rendesvous.  Coo* 
pers  Row,  and  detained  orie  night.  The  next  morning  I  gave  the  lieutenant 
my  protectinit,  and  at  the  same  time  stated  to  them  I  was  chief  mate  of  the 
idiip  {  idso  captain  VUkkM  and  Mr.  l*Ortor,  supercargo,  oame  .  nd  were  refu> 
•vd  i^mittance< 

**  I  then  asked  the  lieutenant  for  my  protection :  he  answered,  (j^  *'  l-nll 
five  it  to  ifM  wUh  a  hdl  to  it  i"  aiul  (O*  immediaieljf  t«r»  it  up  befort  n^/ate, 
and  sent  me  on  board  the  guard  ship  Princess,  where  I  remained  one  week, 
and  was  then  «ent  round  to  Plymouth  on  board  tlie  Salvador  guard  ships 
remained  there  one  month,  after  which  I  was  drafted  on  board  tne  Aboukir 
ft,  wher6 1  remained^  three  years  and  foUr^n  days. 

«  When  the  war  broke  out,  I  determined  to  givo  myself  up  a  prisoner  of 
war,  let  the  consequence  be  what  it  would.  Consequently  on  the  28th  of 
Ootober,  I  went  to  the  captain  and  gave  mvsclf  up  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  and 
ftsfuaed  to  do  eny  more  duty.  Tbenlie  told  me  I  was  an  Englishman,  and  if 
I  woidd  n«|  do  duty,  he  would  flog  me ;  and  ordered  me  in  ih>ns,  and  kept 
me  in  irons  Si  hours,  after  which  I  was  taken  to  the  gangway,  and  Qj'  receiv- 
ed  oiM  4mn  w^  lAe  co<  sn  n^  Aure  backr 

"  The  captain  then  asked  me  if  I  would  go  to  duty-  I  told  him  no :  I 
would  sooner  die  first.  He  then  put  me  in  irons  again  for  34  hours,  and 
0^  snee  m^ro  bro^g■^t  me  te  the  ji'anjvoy,  and  ^reteimed  at  be/ore  with  the 
same  questions,  and  answer  i^s  preceded ;  and  (Xj"  the  tame  woe  repeated  four 
days  luccettiveh/,  and  Qj/'Ireceiped/mr  dozen  en  my  naked  back. 

"  After  the  fourtlt  day  I  was  a  prisoner  at  large.  Tite  26lh  dav  of  Decem- 
ber I  Was  sent  to  prison  without  my  clothes,  they  being  refused  me  by  the 
captain  after  abu&iag  me  in  the  most  insulting  munneir:  and  all  I  ever  receiv- 
ed for  my  servitude  was  fourteen  pouhds.  During  impressment,  I  have  uded 
my  best  endeavours  to  escape."  JOHN  NICHOLS, 

Wituettf  Jeduthan  Upton. 

From  the  Salem  Jtegitter,  Jttly,  1813. 
^<  Captain.  Vpttm  has  fiimished  us  with  a  list  of  128  American  seamen,  who 
had  been  impressed  on  board  British  ships  of  war,  and  delivered  up  as  pri- 
iioncrs  of  war,  with  the  places  of  their  nativity,  the  ships  they  were  discharged 


YlUfi  OliflVB  BBANCH.  >' 

(hmit  Um  tliM  thay  li»v«  Mnrtd,  Md  Um  number  of  Amcriwit  teft  on  board 
tho4UhnntiliipsftttbetiiMof  tboirdiMharn.    Tbcoo  w«ro  on  boArd  on* 

Ctoon  •bjpt  tht  Ian  Antonio.  VcfUei  tiMso,  thoro  wore  on  board  tbc  Cbat* 
m  priion  «hif>,  390  mm  «A«  kav*  bttn  tlfliwrtd  vp  in  ttmthr  ^rtumftutt. 
Mmv  of  tiMao  poor  IbUowa  had  bean  dotamed  mora  than  U  yiti»$  and  about 
40  tn  the  128  on  board  the  San  Antonio  belong  to  thia  ■utc.'^ 

Tttha  EStmrt  ^  tht  iNklUmal  InHlOgmum'. 

"  In  the  month  of  IVbnianr,  If97, 1  bck>pi|red  lb  the  ahip  FideUtv^  captain 
Charles  Weema,  lying  in  the  narboor  of  It.  riem*!,  Martinique.  About  one 
o'efook  Sunday  mofhmg,  I  waa  awakene^^  by  a  noiie  on  the  deek,  and  on 
going  up,  (bund  the  ah^  in  poateaaion  of  a  praaa  gang.  In  a  fbw  minutea  all 
banda  wdw  Ibreed  out^  and  ordered  into  their  boat*  and  in  a  heavy  ahower  of 
rain  conveyed  dn  bo^id  tiKe  Cerea  Mgtt«.  We  Wtre  ordered  M  the  gun 
deck  until  day  light/by  -jirhicb  time  ob^a  80  .imnitimt  iurt  fUttttd. 

<•  Soon  after  aunrite,  the  shif/a  tktiw  wera  ordered  into  the  eabin  to  be 
overhaulftdt  Bach  waa  queationod  ^aa  to  hia  name,  fco.  when  I  waa  called  on 
for  my  place  of  birth*  and  antwered  Mweaitk^  Bttawmre.  The  eaptun  a& 
feeted  not  to  hear  the  lasti  but  aaid,  **  aye,  ^feweattkt  h^»  a  etUItt;  tht 
very  man.  I  warrant  him  a  sailor.  Send  him  down  to  the  doetor."  Upon 
which  a  pei^  uiBeer,  whom  I  rt^gnised  as  one  of  the  press  gang,  made  an* 
•wet,  **  tir,  1  ktunt  thit  faltifn.  He  it  a  tehaolmate  ^ttUiu,  end  hit  npme  h 
Kelly.  He  wa«  boi^  in  Beffatt.  vliu/,  7W,  veu  know  me  vellenewh,  (C^to 
don't  tkam  j/ankee  any  more"  "  1  tliought,"  says  the  captain,  "  ne  waa  a 
countryman  of  my  own  i  (jy  but  an  Iriabman'a  all  one— take  him  away." 

"  The  next  wu  a  Prussian,  who  had  shipped  in  Hamburgh,  aa  a  carpenter 
of  the  Videjlty  in  Septembier,  1796.— He  affected,  when  queationed,  not  to 
understand  English,  but  answered  in  Dutch.  Upon  which  the  captain  laughed, 
and  said,  *'  Tht  it  no  yankee.  Send  him  down,  and  let  the  quartermatter  put 
Um  in  the  mett  with  Ute  other  Dutchmen  t  they  will  underttand  him,  .andtha 
btattwiiin  wtlt  learn  Mm  to  talk  EnrUeh.*''   He  waa  accotdingly  kept. 

<*  I  waa  afterwarda  diacbarged-by  an  Order  from  Admiral  Harvey,  on  the 
application  of  Mr.  Craig,  at  that  time  American  agent  or  vice<con8ul.  1  fur* 
ther  observed  that  djT/M  aw  third  of  the  crew  were  impretted  Jmerieani.** 

JOHN  DAVIS,  of  Abel. 

Jtfavy  rard,  Oct.  U,  181$^ 

Copy  ^a  Utter  from  Commodore  Decatur  to  the  tecretary  of  the  nary. 
U.  S.  thip  United  Statei,  JVew  London,  March  18, 1814. 

**  SmT'— I  have  the  honour  to  forward  to  you  enclosed,  a  despatch :  scei^ed 
by  me  from  Mptain  Capel,  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Britiah  aquadron 
\mytt  tliis  port,  written  in  rmly  to  an  application  of  mine,  for  the  release  of 
an  American  seaman,  detained  against  his  will  on  board  the  frigate  Statira. 

"  Hiram  Thayer,  bom  in  the  town  of  jQreenwich,  in  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  was  impressed  into  the  naval  service  of  Great  Britain,  in  the 
month  of  August,  1803,  and  detained  ever  since. 

"  About  six  yeara  ago,  when  tlie  Statira  was  put  in  commission,  he  was 
transferred <to  her;  and  haa  been  coitstantly  on  board  her  to  this  day. 

*'  I  am  informed,  and  in  fkct  it  was  suted  by  captain  Stackpole  to  lieutenant 
Hamilton,  who  was  charged  with  the  flag,  that  the  late  general  Lyman,  our 
consul  at  London,  made  application  to  the  lords  commissioners  for  the  dis> 
charge  of  Thayer :  but  they  were  not  satisfied  with  the  evidence  of  his  na^ 
tivity. 

"  John  Thayer,  the  Cither  of  Hiram,  assures  me  that  the  certificate  of  the 
selectmen,  the  town  clerk;  and  the  minister  of  Greenwich,  were  forwarded 
Home  time  ago  to  Mr.  Mitchell,  the  resident  agent  for  American  prisoners  of 
War  at  Halifax ;  but  doea  not  know  why  he  waa  not  released  then. 

"  The  son  luis  written  to  bis  father,  and  informed  him  that  on  representing 
his  case  to  captain  Stackpole,  he  told  him,  '^ift'^eyfell  in  with  an  Jlnurican 
man  of  war,  and  he  did  not  do  hit  duty,  ^  HE  StiOULU  BB  TIED  TO  THE 
MAST,  AND  SHOT  AT  WKE  A  DOG." 


Bb 


h 


»u 


Yi»  OUVB  MANCH. 


«« Ub Utniay  the  14th  iasC  JcteTbigrtr n^ucsImI m*  toaUow  biM» fli^f; 
tegodrtothtanraijr.MidMkferthanlMW  •Thiffon.  Tbli  I  giMMtd  «t 
oiwa^  and  «ddfM«d»  note  toimpt»iiiQn»l,  ttaUng  that  I  fcft  ■eriiMtd  that 
tlM  ip^iMtbn  of  tb*  fcther,  ftimiilicd  m  he  wm  with  «on«huvfe  drUtonee  of 
the  MKhf Ity  ihd  Identity  of  tM  eon,  would  indiMe  M  taMedUVe  ofde^  for  bit 
tUaohargo. 

"  The  ropljr  is  oneloeed.  Th*  ion  dee«iM  bit  ftthcr  u\  a  distance  in  tlie 
beat,  and  told  the  Uetttcmnt  of  the  Butica  tbft  it  was  Ma  Ikthfvt  and  I  on. 
deiatand  the  fteUmrs  manilbsted  by  tiw  old  mant  on  rec^iviiw  the  band  of  bis 
son,  proved  beyond  all  othfur  ^vidamie,  the  property  h«  had  in  bim.  There 
waa  not  adonhl  left  on  the  mind  of  o  sbfle  British  oAmt,  of  Hiram  Thayer's 
being  an  Anerioancitlacn.  And  ret  he  la  detained,  iwt  as  a  prisoner  of  war, 
butCOMPBLLKQ,  UNUfiU  THB MOST  CIIUKI, TIlBkAT^ TO  tBRVU 
THE  BH EMIE8  OF  HIS  COUNTKY. 

**  Th^rer  has  so  rcoommended  bimiMlf  by  hia  sobriety,  uidustT}!,  and  sea- 
manahip,  aa  to  be  appohited  a  boatswain'a  mate,  and  ia  now  serviijf  in  that 
aq>aoity  In  the  Statirai  and  he  savs  there  is  due  to  him,  from  the  British 
forenunent  about  two  hundred  and  Qfty  pounds  steriing.  He  has  also  astu. 
red  his  fiither  that  he  has  always  reftisea  to  receive  auT  boun  )  or  advance, 
lest  be  mifl^t  afford  some  pretext  Ibr  denying  him  bis  dlaehmif.^  whenever  a 
proper  application  should  be  made  for  itr  1  am,  sir,  with  the  highest  con- 
sideration, your  most  obedient  humble  .servant'* 

STEPHEN  DRCATUR. 

Extract  fnHn  eafitain  CtptPt  letter,  enctoted,    ■ 

On  board  Ut  B.  M.  thip  La  KagMe,  qf^T.  Lot^den,  March  14, 18|14. 
*'*  Sir^-^l  repet  that  it  is  not  in  ntjr  power  to  comply,  with  your  request  in 
ordering  the  son  of  Mr.  John  Thayer  to  be  discharged  from  his  maiesW*s  ship 
Statira.  But  I  will  forward  your  application  to  we  commander  in  chiefi  by 
the  earliest  opportunity,  and  I  have  no  doub;.  hu  will  order  his  immediate 
discharge.**  lam,  &c.  ,  . 

THOMAS  CAHSL,  taptain,  &c. 

Extract  ^  e  letter /rem  Cemmedare  Decaiw  te  the  Seei^targ  vf  the  AV*ty> 

JWw  Zondm,  JAy  mA,  1814. 

*'  The  enclosed.  No.  3,  is  the  copy  of  a  note  I  addressed  to  captain  Capei 
of  his  B.  M.  ship  La  Hogue,  on  the  subject  of  Barnard  Q|Brien,  a  native 
citiaen  of  the  tJnited  States.  In  the  boat  that  bore  tb^  0ag  of  tiuoe  to  the 
La  HogUe,  the  father  of  the  man  in  queati<m  went 

**  Captun  Capel  would  not  permit  him  to  see  his  son.  He  directed  my 
officer  to  inform  me  that  he  wbuld  answer  my  despatch  the  next  day,  since 
when  I  have  not  heard  from  him.** 

Letter  to  Captain  Capel 
f.  "  Sir— At  the  aolicitation  of  Mr.  Barnard  O'Brien,  whose  son  is  now  on 
board  his  Britannic  Majesty's  ship  La  Hogue  under  your  command,  I  have 
Kranted  a  flar  of  truce,  conducted  by  lieutenant  Hamilton,  with  permission 
for  Mr.  O'Brien  to  attend  it.  His  object  is  to  effect  the  liberation  of  bis  son, 
a  native  citizen  of  the  United  States.  He  bears  with  him  a  copy  of  the  re- 
cord of  the  town  of  Groton  in  the  state,  of  Connecticut,  signed  by  the  town 
clerk  and  select  men,  as  also  a  certificate  from  a  number  of  respectable  men 
in  Groton,  proving  bis  nativity.  With  these  documents  1  csnnct  doubt  that 
he  will  efieot  the  purpose  of  his  visit." 

{Sigtteiti  STEPHEN  DECATUR. 

"  Sir-^We  the  undersigned  take  the  liberty  to  solicit  your  assistance  in 
l>ebalf  of  Mr.  Barnard  O'Brien,  in  obuining  his  son's  release  firom  the  British 
ship  La  Hogue,  off  New  London. 

*'  We  are  well  acqiudnted  with  the  young  man,  and  know  him  to  be  an 
American  bom  citizen.  His  letter  to  his  fkther,  dated  on  board  the  La  Hogue, 
the  24th  of  March,  ia  sufficient  proof  of  his  being  on  board  (which  letter  will 
be  shewn  you.)    If  you  can  ^ve  any  assistance  in  obtaininjg  his  release,  either 


\  ■ 


VH|B014Vg^l^01^ 


915 


tiy  UUJM  Mr.  O'Br'Mft  gp  ip  the  ship  bv  a  flag  of  truce,  or  in  wiy  other  w^> 
It  will  b«  coof idertd  a  fU^k     r  faTOiif  cotoSnA  «mi«  lir,  your  dwHoTwilinit 


ierraau.' 

.u. 


-eteavdGalleyt 

Math.Hi«ba<l, 
J|oi.  Titttla^ 


9M.A.iaUMMm 
ito.  t/Atciy, 
Cra«tua  T.  Sddth. 


p.  d.  ThijoMgvmfi  nu^  to  Barnard  (yBrkm,  aon  oTBariMvdKyMen, 
tiki  his  irtfl)  MiaaWtli  O^HHm*  Hewaa  boniiiBtlMtoviiofCtrMoii,  JamMrjT 
jMr  t7i5.    Batrmtt/hm  Utt  rtemh  ^  tkt  ifwn  tff  Orttm^ 

•^  "Wf  Mfy^  etrt^fU4pw  JImM  A.  JWfrt,  Teim  Cltrk. 

"  I  certify  that  Amoi  A.  NUes  ia  town  cUrk  Ibr  Grotoh,  anA  that'  I  bcHev* 
the  abovb  certifleate  to  be  a  true  ami  torreet  record  of  Barnard^  <KBr(Mi*a 
birth.  Ido  alaooertiQr  that  I  b«Te  known  tha  aaid  BaiMcd.OVrinfkom 
liiayouth. 

.   fitUtd  Qntw,  April  Ttlit  W4.  . 

NOTES  BARBEB,  a«ketmanfir  OroUn.  * 


CHAPTER  XXXVra.  '    ; 

iHiYB  now,  as  nearly  in  chramdogieal  order  as  possible^ 
brought  thisodiousy  this  detestable  subjeet,  to  the  last  aetof 
the  drama. 

Some  of  die  aeterst  who  stood  bn  high  grdond  in  the  <^n* 
ing  of  the  pieeor  Aink  far  below  par  in  this  a^  They  stand 
in  conspteuous  stations^  and  possess  great  inflnenee  on  oar 
destihies  and  those  of  our  posterity.  1  regard  it  therefore  as 
an  imperious  doty  to  canvass  their  eonduet  fully  and  com- 
pletely* and  to  cite  them  to  the  bar  of  the  public,  whidi  I  thud 
do  in  the  most  solemn  manner. 

Tw6  of  the  gentlemen  to  whom  I  refer,  are  Timothy  Pick- 
ering and  Rufkis  King,  Esqrs.  whose  opinions  and  conduct  im 
this  important  topjc,  have  been,  at  different  periods,  in  as  di- 
rect hostility  to  each  other,  as  day  and  night— truth  and 
falsehood. 

The  reader  has  seen  how  laudably,  how  zealously,  how 
patriotically  both  these  gentlemien,  on  the  sufe||ect  of  impress- 
ment, formerly  contended  for  and  defended  the  rights  of  their 
country— as  well  as  opposed  and  struggled  against  the  exor- 
bitant and  inadmissible  claims  of  England. 
'  They  were  lately  united  with  the  Otises,  the  Blakes,  the 
Hansons,  and  the  Websters,  who  appeared  determined  to 
«  pu*  down"-- yes,  reader,  «  put  down**  as  the  word— it  is 
fltmng,  significant,  and  unequlvocid — I  say,  «  to  fut  down 
the  odmitwitTaHon**  for  strenuously  insisting  on  those  rights, 
—for  attempting  to  shield  the  seaman  from  the  iron  grasp  of 
his  enslaver. 

li'vThis  is  a  clear  case.  I  state  it  in  brief.  Either  Messrs. 
Pickering  and  Ring  were  extravagant  in  their  demands  for- 
merly, and  endangered  tiie  peace  of  their  country  by  prefer- 


'PM 


i;  i  y 

1 
« iti'.ml 


316 


THE  ohwt  iauMtn. 


rinit  exorbiUat  Md  u^lutt  qIaIim  on  m  ik«ft6A| « iheMwark 
ofmwhoh  reHgion,*'-^*  itruggHng  for  hn  wfrea«(m»*— and 
MkHng  the  baUkt  of  CAHitendom  MoinH  JMiehriMt  and  hi$ 
AMi**— or  they  were  fiOthleMa  to  that  eountry  of  late,  and 
were  luinc  their  beat  endeavoura,  for  feetlouapurpoaea,  to  do- 
feat  her  in  the  e0brt  to  proeure  aimple  juatice.  T^tf^  »  no 
other  alternative.  Let  them  ehooae  for  themaetvea.  Let  the 
public  ratify  or  r^eot  the  ohoioe*    1  merely  atate  the  eaae. 

Never  waa  there  a  more  atriking  or  revolting  inftanee  of 
the  deleterioua  apirit  of  faetion— and  of  ita  power  to  deaden 
all  the  finer  and  more  honourable  feelinga  of  human  nature, 
than  tbia  queation  exhibit^.  It  is  disgraeeful  and  humil- 
iating to  the  human  apeciea.  HigTi.minded  American 
merohanta— poaaeaaed  of  immense  fortunea—ei^joying  in 
profuaion  all  the  luxuriea  and  deiicaoi«a  this  world  af- 
forda — and  owing  all  theae  manifold  bleaainga  to  the  la- 
boura,  the  skill,  and  the  industry  of  our  sailors— but  ungrate- 
fully regardless  of  the  agents  by  whom  they  procure  tbem, 
and  blinded  by  party  spirit,  regard  with  calm  and  stone* 
hearted  apathy  the  miseries  oi  impressment.  They  are  not 
merely  indiilbrent  io  the  suff^tingsof  the  unfortunate  seamen, 
•tpurUrinedbif  men-iteakra,"  firom  ail  their  humble  bleaaings, 
and  'draning  out  a  miaerable  existenoe  in  slavery  v  of  the 
moat  gafihig  kind,  with  a  rope's  end  ready  to  puniah  them 
for  murmuring  out  their  sorrows.  No.  They,  are  no^  1  re- 
peat, merely  Indifferent.  They  throw  themselves  into  the 
scale  of  their  enemies.  They  deride  the  idea  of  struggling 
for  the  security  of  a  few  saifors,  whom,  in  the  face  of  heaven 
and  earth,  they  falsely  call  vagabonds  from  England,  Ireland, 
and  Scotland,  whom  our  government  is  wickedly  protecting 
at  the  hazMrd  of  the  ruin  of  their  country !  Almighty  father! 
To  what  an  ebb  is  man  capable  of  descending !  Let  us  suppose 
for  a  moment  that  the  illuatrious  Hull,  Jones,  Perry,  Porter, 
Deei|tur,  M*Donough,or  any  other  of  that  constellation  of 
heroes,  who  have  bound  their  country's  brows  witii  a  wreath 
of  imperishable  glory,  had  been  pressed  by  a  Coekbum, 
their  proud  spirits  subjected  to  his  temler  mereies,  and 
crushed  by  the  galling  chain  and  the  rope's  end  !  What  a 
scene  for  a  painter — what  a  subject  for  contemplation— what 
a  never-dying  disgrace  to  those  whose  counsels  would  per- 
suade the  nation  to  submit  to  such  degradation ! 

There  js  one  strong  and  striking  point  of  view  in  which  .the 
subject  of  impressment  may  be  considered,  and  which  really 
renders  the  tame  acquiescence  in  it,  which  is  now  contended 
for,  pregnant  with  awful  results,  (tj^  England  has  impressed 
from  our  ships,  Danes,  Swedes,  amJtalians,  as  well  as  nafire 
Jimericans,  WE  HAVE  SUBMITTED  TO  IT.  QJ^  '^^ 


TUB  CMLIVB  UtAMCR. 


air 


J»,  PUiktringf  M,  tClng,  €l9Vtnm  Btrtngt  A  a  OHi,  St, 
jUai  M  hTtmr  (f-  ^ukmUAfm.  If  this  k«  Jwi,  what  rtghf, 
I  demAno,  biive  we  to  pre? «iit  kU  Mltiiirinrti  wliitoiTeri  tmi 
at  all  tiipies,  from  copying  the  eiMiple  ffly  apfriga  Frmo, 
9piltt»  iiNl  Haij,  m  w«r.  Are  not  the  iorulMiii  of  eMH  na. 
tlon  jaatlfled  in  Maralrlng  mn*  Yeeeela  fbf  the  eabjeeta  of  the 
pewere  to  which  ^hey  rirapectlfelv  hMong»  aad  aa  fhUy 
entitled  (j!^  Id  iaiteve  the  D0m$,  Ptrtnguet^t  SwwdUi  tmi 
Ent^Kthmtn  on  boari^  Q^  U$tki  9riHih  emkefg  Are  to  entUtee 
freneknmtt  8j^niard$t  DaiHmfUHd  Fertrnguinf  Tbil  ia  a 
horrible  view  6f  the  enhjeet,  and  «ulrdU»a  the  hlod4  in  mjr 
veiM.  There  ia  no  eakulating  th^  extent  or  the  enormify  m 
the  evil.  "  .     ■     '     ■     /•■f^-t^-j-  .-i^.^.u  se       •■  ■■.■.t 

I  maat  reaume  thia  topic.  It  iiiUfrtnpiirtaiit  to  be  diemit- 
md  in  a  aingle  pan^^ph.  It  deaervea  volnmea.  WoaM  to 
Heaven  an  abler  pen  were  engaged  in  the  diaeuiision.  <  <<  ■■^<* 

That  Britiah  cruiaera  have  been  in  the  eonstaiit  Ivabll  of 
hnpreaaing,  without  any  aerople,  and  that  they  r^|f«rd  it  aa 
thei^  right  to  impreaa^  Dhiieaf  PoTtagueaei  FreHchmen,  Ital- 
iana,  and  all  other  (briigneri  ftvnd  on  board  oar  veaeela.  is 
true/ er  Timothy  Pickering,  Rofua  Kingy  and  Judge  Mar- 
shall,  have  diaaraeed  and  dfahenoured  thbnMelvea  by  aaaer- 
ting  moat  awful  falaehooda.  To  their  evidence  on  the  subject, 
which  ii detailed above^  I refi»r the  reader.  -      ■  ■* 

If  Oreaf  Britain  haa  a  right  to  impreaa  Wenehnienf  or 
Spanfarda,  or  Dutchmen,  on  board  our  veaeela,  France,  Spain, 
and  Holland,  have  afn'eqiual  right  to  impreas  Eng^iahmen. 
Nothing  can  be  more  dear;    Let  aa  proceed. 

The  Britiah  captaina  aaaert  that  they  And  it  diflleult  or  im- 
possible to  discriminate  between  EngHahitten  and  Americana. 
It  muat  be  far  more  difficult  for  French  captaina.  And  they 
wiH  be  still  more  excUaable  f6r  any  mMtoikie^-^nd  f6r  enala- 
ving  Americana  instead  ^f-Englishinen.  What  a  frightful 
fate  has  faction  prepal^^d  Ibf  our  iU'Starred  sea-faring 
citizens ! 

'  I  have  stilted  that  Messrs.  Pit^ke  ing.  King,  Strong,  &c. 
<< contend  for submiftii6n  toimpressment."^  This  requires  ex- 
planation. They  do  not,  it  is  true,  in  V)ord$f  contend  for 
impressment.  But  thia  was  the  inevitable  result  of  their 
late  course  of  proceedings;  for  as  I  have  already  stated,  and 
beg  to  repeat,  they  liElboared  most  indefatigably  to  destx^ 
the  present  administration,  principally  for  the  stand  made 
to  put  an  end  to  impressment;  and  the  consequence  of 
the  violent  opposition  made  to  the  government  on  the  subject 
has  been  to  oblige  it  to  postpone  the  discussion  of  that  im- 
portant question. 

A  committee  of  the  legislature  of  Massachusets  was  ap- 
pointed, at  a  late  session,  to  enqtiirc  into  the  affair  of  im- 


m 


rm  QwrnmrkiLrmi. 


!i 


]»;eii9mint  !%)i^;aly4Biot  of  lhe^fapttilKmellt  wfM  to^Rinii  the 
«lwii«o|«ii  of  t(i«  («dmi»i«l;r«|lon«  by  dimiiHsMnftitbe .  ei|or|n% 
•f  thi«  higbtlwiMM  offMiMt  ftgfUatit  swliifil^  .i)i«  4(«v,||^  ^\r^ 
]ir(m^«M'.^lMiee<af-<le«tk4—     .■,...  -;-^>-,i,'n,) ,.  v"i  ■;.> 

««ir«»f^  llfdJff^A  ilHWt*-«nd  «eU0<4 ^iiii>-^^i^  U  firnnd 
in  Ail  Aondy  k  «A«N  Ae |itilJ94««(^^*     .    -  ,^    i  h^  .;      ^^ 

M  ii,i>«iii6il  to  •tatoH-^HM' II  iSjiny  ,4utartQ,iit<kte4o  tU 

«e|)untodr-wmM&eiif«iltot  teU^imtjNMiible  tP  bt9liev»-.r*tbai  fi| 
the  .oominenoemont  of  the  twar*  the  nambev  of  immreBsefl 
AnMHcana  belonging  to  the  great  ouiniiiereial  atate  of  ^f^ 
earhuaettS)  on  board  British  vessels  of  wary  was  *<  onfjf  tUv- 
tn/J  .^'^rP-Ye^^^reailfiitj^nit  ii  reatly  ^ven-^I  have  read  it 
bIk  timea  over*  to  eon^iniBe  imyself  tWt  >I  y/j^n  «ot  mistaken, 
fiut  it  ia  abaolately  true*  thft  a  ooom^ee  of  tbo  legjalature 
of  Maaaaobaaetto  did  report  to  that  body*  titat  at  the  09ni> 
menceaw^nt  ofthe  wari  O^  TmsIgB  WISRE  BUT  «  £L1<;. 
YEN"  IMPIIES9£D  mS^ACHUSIiiTTS  ^All^OjaS  on 
Ikoard  tho  vfoaaels  xti his  Brltanoio  mfvjeai^.        •{,:  !;>/:><> 

Nowy  rea>der»  let  (lae  re<|ueat  you  to  ,ooqs«lt  t)^  preeeding 
doQun9ent8.oareftiUy— and  observe  ^,||  ;%. ,»  ^  „»  ,  ,; 
^  1.  ThaiL  there  yft^  QJ^Un  JSmiuieanf  on  boa^rd  the  Guar* 
riertt  at  the  time  of  her  engagoinent  witli  the  Constitution. 
^Dhis  is  eatal^hed  by  the  log  boolcof  one  of  her  o|BMiteni.t 
. ,  fL  That  QJ^  there  were  thirt^n  Jiifimcfine  onbmrd  tlu 
Jai>m;t  when  she  was  captured  by  Baii^idge.|i       Jisu  <m. 

S.  That  there  were  on  boaVd  th^  lioseUe  and  SamtW*  as 
appeara  hy  the  muater-booka  ^f  tln^fie  ,^e^la>  <M  fea»t  thirty 
five  imprf»se4  Amefican»,ii  ■^■i^m^'H^Hm>^^i'>^-i''i  ■M''>kiim^q 

4.  That  these  plain  facts  stand  on  i^ich  ground  as  neither 
Timothy  Piokeringf  Rufus  King»  governor  Strong*  Gec^'ge 
Cabot*  Harrison  Oray  Otia*  Danie!!  Webster,  or^ A*  C*  H^i- 
son  will  dare ,  to  dispute.  I  herehy  publicly  challenge  ihem 
to  a  denial. 

5.  That  I  have  thutt  clearly  and  indiq)utably' established, 
that  on  hoard  e^ifour  veaaels  there  were  10»  anid  |iS»  and  35 

^'  *  Road  to  Ruin,  H9.  IV.  f  See  page  311.  i  See  lieutenant  Hoffman's  certi- 
ie*te«  pfage  aiO. 

I  it  would  beun&iriutd  uneandid  not  to  statei  that  CommodoieBainbridge 
(depoaed  on  the  30th  jaf  Februarv.  ISIS,  befitre  a  committee  of  ,the  House 
of  Beprcsc^itatlvea  of  the  state  of  M assachusetti,'  that  there  was  but  one  im- 
pressed  American  on  board  the  Java,  whenheeaptlindher.  This  statement  he 
Qualified  in  a  subsequent  communicatioi},  and.  a»  far  as  I  understand  the  lat- 
ter, admiu  that  there  we^  two  more,  fiut  if  we  wholly  omit  the  Java,  in 
consequence  of  the  stupendous  contradiction  between  the  certificate  of  lieult. 
Van  HMTman  and  the  deposition  of  Commodore  Bftinbridge,  it  will  not  mate- 
riidly  affect  the  above  calculation.  Thrre  will  remain  about  45  impressed 
Jkmerican  seamen  on  board  three  Briti<;\  men  of  n^ar. 
: ,  $  Sec  Commodore  Porter's  letter,  page  210. 


Tm  OLITI  BRANCH. 


219 


Ameriban  sUveSf  being  QJ^  am  AVBBiioE  or  i ouhtbzm  to 

BACA*'. 

tf.  .Th»t  th«re  lire  isbout  500  Brttblv  vetneb  cmwteiitli'ia 

7.  Tbat  an  average  dflburteen  ambnata  t»>7000  on  board 
the  British  fleet.  , 

8.  'I'hat  this  statement  corresponds  pv^ty  exaetfy  witk' 
the  records  of  the  secretary  of  slate's  oince.  v>T 

.And  then)  reader*  decide  what  judgment  must  lie  ^passod  on 
the  committee  when  they  grai^ely  state  that  there  wlsre  on 
board  the  British  Vessels  «if  war  oiUjf  dtrotn  natitet  ofMutoi' 
ekMeilm.'tJ  It  makes  me  side  to  reflect  on  such  obliquity  of 
inind»  and  such  monstrous  perversion  of  tfact 

It  Is^  however*  troe»  that  this  oommittee,  though  the  world 
is  i^ssly  deceived  by  the  form  of  expression  in  the  report^ 
have  a  salvo  to  prevent  estaUishing  against  them  the  ehargo 
of  falsehood.  They  state  that  these  are  the  results  •«  as  fir 
SI  th$ir  enquiries  i^enV  But  this  saving  clanse  escapes  tlie 
mass  of  readers.  They  fasten  on  the  strong  allegation^  that 
«<the'administration  went  to  war  for  impressed  seaaoen  j  and 
that  there  were  only  Heven^nativM  of  Jdamichwetta  impn$' 
ted,**    All  the  rest  escapes  notice. 

«*  JSiafar  a»  their  enqwries  went**  is  a  vfery  equivocal  ex- 
pression. They  may  have  stopped  at  the  threshold — onthey 
may  have  gone  half  way-<->or  they  may  have  gone  through  the 
business  completely.  That  their  enquiries  did  not  go  very 
far  is  however  pretty  certain. 

**  The  words  « iSmericanshirves,**  will  startle  some  delicate^ 
ears.  This  strong  expressiilon  is  nevertheless  correct.* 
When  an  Algerine  corsair  attacks  one  of  our  vessels,  and  sei* 
7.t9  it  and  the  crcw>  Q^J'  the  latter  are  justly  rtgarded  as 
slaves.  QJ^  Yet  their  ease  is  far  better  titan  that  of  the^JImeri- 
cans  impressed  by  British  cruisers.  The  Algerine  slaves  wqrk 
for  task>masters.  So  do  the  British  slaves.  The  Algerine 
slaves  are  flogged  if  they  refuse  **  to  do  their  duty.**  So  are 
the  British.  The  Algerine  slaves  have  but  poor  fare.  So 
have  the  British.  Thus  far  they  are  on  a  parallel.  But 
here  the  parallel  ceases.*— ^!3**  T/ie  Algerine  slave  is  never 
forced,  tojeopardixe  his  life  in  battU—'Q^  hs  is  never  forced  to 
point  a  gun  that  may  slaughter  his  cowntrymen.  (j^  But  this 
the  British  slave  must  do,  or  (Q*  «  be  tied  to  the  mast 
AND  SHOT  AT  LIKE  A  DOG ! !  !**t  Is  he  not  then  the 
most  miserable  of  slaves  ? 

*  The  idea  which  is  dilated  on  in  this  paragraph  must  have  be«n  suggested 
by  a  perusal  of  th«  WeeUv  Register,  Vol.  III.  page  349.  Of  this  I  was  not 
aware  when  I  wrote  it.  I  nave  recently  made  the  discovery  in  the  examina- 
tion of  that  invaluable  work.  -'  w      »v 

t  S?e  Commodore  Decatui's  letter,  page  213. 


'V'\: 


220 


THE  OLIVE  IRAMlCliii 


When  tlio  Dreeeding  chapter  was  written*  I  bad  not  aeen 
the  Report  or  the  Committee  of  the  Hoose  of  Representatives 
of  MftsqaehiMettSf  to  Whiohr,  I  have  referred.  1  own  a*  set  of 
the  £xaminer»  published  by  Barent  Oardenier,  of  New*  York, 
CfntatnUig  the  Road  to  Rnin»  aseribeid  to  Jno.  Lowell>  which 

Suotes  this  report/  and  from  which  alone  I  icneW  <>f  its  con- 
)iits»  or  even  of  its  existeiioe.>i««l  subjoin  Mr.  Lbwell's  qtio- 
tatlon»—  .  .'.      •■:-"V*4 

V.  <<  I  iin^  Arom  indisputable  <  documents  furnished  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Taffcart,  member  of  Congress  fkvm  this  State,  that 
the  whole  number  of  American  seataensaid  to  be  <fetained  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war»  on  board  British  vessels,  did  not 
exceed  tliree  hundred. 

«  I  And  by  the  investigation  of  a  Committee  of  our  <twn 
House  of  Rejpresentatiyes,  that  the  number  belon|;ii^  to  this 
state,  so  detained*  did  not  exceed,  so  fat  ob  their  enquiries 
riotntf  eUven  ment,**''^ 

On  the 4th, inst. [July  1815,]  Irepeived  the  Report  itself 
from  Boston:  and  1  should  iU  deserve  the  confidence  that  has 
been  reposed  in  my  work»  did  I  not  avail  myself  of  the  oppor- 
tunity thus  affbrded  me  to  lay  an  abstract  of  some' <^  its  do- 
cuments before  the  reader. 

Extract  frint  the  depoatt  ion  ej  John  Slih-iife.     .  .   ' 

'.■**  I  reside  in  Yarmouth  in  the  county  of  Banutablei  I  have  beei)  the  mas' 
ter  of  a  vessel  abpiit  seventeen  years,  within  the  hut  tWenty-four  yearst  and 
have  had  on  board  my  vessels  fl^om  seven  to  sixteen  m^n ;  on  an  average 
about  eight  or  nine.  About  the  year  1803»  while  I  was  lying  at  Trinidad,  in 
the  sloop  Stork,  one  of  my  men,  while  on  ahore,  had  (luitted  his  boat,  and 
was  taken  up  by  th$$  press-gang.  Uis  name  was  William  Boynton,  and  be 
was,  as  he  told  m«,  an  American.  The  next  day  1  wks  inft>rD9ed  by  the  offi' 
onr  of  the  press-gang,  that  the  man  ^s  takeA,  and  immediately  upon  my  ap> 
plication  on  board,  the  ship  where  he  was  placed,  he  was  returned  to  me,  with 
some  money  he  hod  aboitt  him.  H«  had  left  his  protection  on  boai4  the 
vessel  at  the  time  when  he  was  taken. 

"Ill  ISlOi,  while  1  was  at  Martinique,  a  Portuguese  boy  named  Joseph  ¥r\- 
ay,  belonging  to  my  viessel,  was  impressed  from  the  vessel ;  he  was  detained 
two  days,  but  upon  my  application  he^was  discharged ;  he  had  no  protection, 
nor  any  indenture  of  tquprenticeship ;.  he  was  a  servant  to  my  mate. 

JSxtract /\r9tn  the  depttition  of  fFilUam  Parutu. 

"7  reside  in  Roston,  and  have  been  engaged  in  commerce  and  navigation 
about  thirty  years.  J  huve  employed  in  my  vessels,  annnaliy,  upon  an  ave< 
rage,  about  fifty  seamen,  until  the  time  of  the  embargo.  flCj*/ A«t»r«o  teeottee- 
tion  ^atuf  nfnijf  seamen  being  impretied  /or  the  latt  twenty  gtart,  except  in 
one  inttanee" 

Extract  from  the  depotition  of  Caleb  lAwing. 

**  I  reside  in  Boston.  I  have  been  engag^  in  commerce  and  navigation 
between  eighteen  and  nineteen  years.  I  liave  employed  upon  an  average  un> 
nually,  about  forty  seamen  in  foreign  trade. 

*  Hoad  to  Ruin,  Na  4,  from  the  Boston  Centinel.-~Sce  Examiner,  vol.  1.  p.  tor. 


THE  or  lYE  BRANCH. 


«'  I  NooUtct,  At  preaent,  btt*  mm  ifM«<iiic«  ^  ann  •fmjt  Momen  b$iiig  im- 
prtiHd  if/  th*  Brithki  in  July  1809.  two  seanien,  ^belonging  to  the  ship 
Hugh  JohiiMNi.  %faife  the  was  lying  at  Pdermo.  were  taken  from  her  by  a 
Bntiih  nian^>r.war  t  I  do  not  know  thtir  namea.  <one  of  Uietd men  waa  an  Bn* 
gUahman*  the  other  waa  an  Ameriean." 

Extract  fitm  tke  dtp—itlMi  tfMum  Tmrnuiui,  E$q. 

**  I  Moaea  Townaend,  of  8alem»  in  the  eovnty  of  Baaes,  Eaquire,  <io  depoae 
and  aay— that  1  have  been  engaged  in  oomneroe  and  na^igiition  for  aboot 
tbir^  yeura,  and  waa  maater  of  a  aldp  about  twenty  yeara.  1  have  uauaUy 
had  ctewa  of  ten  and  twelre  men,  upm  an  average.  I  never  had  any  men 
impreaaed  from  any  of  the  teaaela  under  my  command,  except  once  while  t 
waa  at  Briattd,  in  England.  On  that  occaaion,  I  had  thr^  or  foui^  men  im- 
preaaedt  belonging  to  tlie  ahip  liighthorae,  under  ray  eommapd  i  they  were 
taken  in  the  even^lg,  and  upon  my  implication  through  the  American  ^nauli 
they  were  leleaaed  the  next  day.** 

Extract  fremth*depotMan^Jo§ej^M*i4g«' 
**  I  Joaeph  Mudge,  of  Lynn,  in  the  countv  of  Eaaex,  mariner,  do  depnae  and 
ny— Uut  I  have  followed  the  occupation  of  a  mariner  for  about  twenty  yeai^ 
and  have  been  maater  of  a  veaael  from  the  firat  of  January  1800,  (except 
about  four  raontha  of  the  year  1813,  while  I  waa  mate  of  a  veaael,  in  order  to 
get  a  paaaage  to  the  t/nited  Statea  from  abroad.) 

"  I  have  bad  aeamen  frequently  taken  from  me  by  British  cruizera  t  but 
aever.  had  any  man  that  I  knew  to  be  an  Ameriean,  taken  from  me,  that  waa 
not  releaaed  upon  my  application.'* 

Extract  fnm  the  depetition  of  Andrew  flbrrhifnt. 

'*  I  Andrew  Harraden,  of  Salem,  in  the  county  of  Eaaex,  mariner,  depoa4 
and  aay,  that  I  have  followed  the  occupation  of  a  mariner  ifbout  thirty-two 
yeara,  of  which  I  have  been  maater  or  a  veaael  from  ^lie  year  1791  Uf  thia 
time,  excepting  two  voyages  performed  during  that  period.  /  Aav«  never 
had  any  teamen  impretted  /rem  my  veitelt  except  in  one  initanee.  In  the 
year  18CK3,  whilfs  at  Cape  Jh-a|tcoi9,  in  the  month  of  Auguat;  a  man  by  the 
name  of  George  Randall,  of  Boston,  was  taken  from  my  veaael  by  a  French 
preaamaster  md  his  gang,  and  carried  on  board  a  French  frigate  lying  at  that 
port  On  application  to  the  commandant  of  tb^  port  he  was  released  tlie 
next  morning.  None  of  my  men  were  ever  taken  or  detained  by  the  Ehg* 
lUh." 

Extract  fi-em  the  depoiitiwn^  Seriati  Ome. 

"  I  Josiah  Ome,  of  Salem,  in  the  county  of  Eaaex,  mariner,  depose  and 
say— that  I  have  been  maater  of  a  veaael  about  twenty'aeven  yeara. 

"  I  never  had  any  men  impreaaed  from  the  vessels  under  my  command  by 
the  British  except  m  one  instance— that  was  in  1801." 

Extract /rom  MithamelJfooper^t  depoiitien. 

'*  I  Nathaniel  Hooper,  of  Marblehead,  merchant,  do  deptose  and  aay— that  | 
have  been  engaged  in  commerce  and  navigation  with  my  father  and  brothera 
for  about  nineteen  yeara  paat  ;>and  for  about  seven  years  previous  to  the  em- 
bargo, we  employed  usually  upon  an  average  about  fifty  aeafnen  in  our  veaw 
seb.  We  have  never  had  any  men. impreaaed  frtnn  any  of  ow  vesaeb,  that 
we  know  of." 

Extract  from  Benjamin  T.  lteed*t  deperitim. 

"  I  Benjamin  T.  Reed,  of  Marblehead,  in  the  county  uf  Essex,  merchant, 
depose  and  say— that  I  have,  with  my  brother,  beeii  engaged  in  trade  and 
navigation  for  about  eigltteen  yeara  past  Before  the  embarffo,  #c  usually 
employed  two  veasela  annually,  the  crews  of  which  would  be  from  twelve  to 
Aftcen  meni  we  never  bad  any  men  impressed  from  onr  veasela  previoua  to 
the  embargo,  to  my  recollection." 

C  0 


Mt 


Tim  OtlVli  BRANOH. 


There  are  various  other  depositions  annexed  to  tlie  Re- 

KK»  the  tenor  and  tendency  whereof  are  generally  ofasini' 
r  tiharacter  to  the  above. 

The  contradiction  and  inconsisteney  between  these  doeu« 
montsy  and  those  I  have  produced  in  the  preceding  chapters, 
are  so  strong*  so  striking^  and  so  utterly  unaooountable»  as  to 
make  us  stand  aghast  with  astonishment.  To  reconcile  them 
in  any  9hape  or  mode  is  totally  impossible.  Were  we  to  place 
full  and  implicit  reliance  upopi  the  depositions  just  quoted,  it 
would  almost  appear  that  impressment  had  been  a  matter  of 
little  or  no  consequence,  and  that  it  had  been  most  extrava- 

gintlv  exaggerated,  to  delude  and  deceive  the  public  mind, 
ut  then  what  becomes  of  the  strong  and  precise  statements 
of  Silas  l'albot,<»  of  Rufus  ICIng,t  of  Timothy  Pickering,! 
of  Judgs  Marshal,^  of  commodore  Rodgers,^  Sec,  witnesses 
who  cannot  possibly  be  suspected  of  anti*  Anglican  partialities, 
views,  or  prfyudices  ? 

If  the  prevailing  opinions  of  the  great  extent  of  impress- 
ment be  unfounded,  and  if  deception  or  delusion  has  been  at- 
tempted, these  gentlemen  must  have  concurred  in  it,  as  well 
as  tnrir  politicu  antagonists ;  for  their  testimony  is  among 
the  most  conclusive  that  has  been  produced  on  the  subject. 

The  stiatement  of  commodore  Rodgers,  respecting  the  mus- 
ter books  of  the  Moselle  and  Sappho,  is  the  most  recent  doc- 
nmi^nt  on  the  subject,  and  is  beyond  the  reach  of  suspicion. 

To  the  reader  I  unhesitatingly  submit  the  subject  Let 
him,  whether  Federalist  or  Democrat,  honestly  raise  the 
sealesof  truth  and  justice — Let  him  impartially  weigh  the  evi- 
dence on  both  sidejSy  and  let  him  decide  according  to  the  cre- 
dibility of  these  warring  and  irreconcilahle  documents. 

In  addition  to  the  information  contained  in  the  preceding 
pagesv  I  have  now  before  me  a  most  powerful  document  on 
the  sulitjeot  of  impressment.    It  is 

'*  A  statement  of  applications  made  to  the  Brituh  governm^it  on  1538  ca- 
ses of  impressed  seamen,  claiming  to  be  citizens  of  Uie  United  States,  from 
the  eleventh  of  March  1803,  till  the  thirty-first  of  August,  1804;  by  George 
Brnng,  ag«nt  of  the  United  States  for  the  relief  and  protection  of  their  sea- 


i588 
306 


I  suly'oin  an  abstract: 
Namber  of  applicfations,    .    -    .    .    ^      . 
Ofwhichareottplicatesof  fprmer  ones,  - 
Orii^nal  applications,      •-.....  1232 

Refused  to  be  discharged,  having  no  documents,    -    388 
Ordered  to  be  discharged,    -    •    -    --    -    --    ^sr 

Said  not  to  be  on  boara  the  ship  specified,    -    -    -    105 

*  S«e  page  197.   f  See  page  196.  4  See  page  194.  $  See  page  SOO.  f  See  page  SIO. 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH.,  iU 

RefuMd  t6  be  difloharged*  said  to  have  Uken  the  bonn- 

iv,  and  entered,  •- ito 

Refuied  to  be  diicharged,  raid  to  be  married  in  En- 
eland*   *•■    .    .     ••.     «    .    ««    .     .17 

Said  to  have  deserted,  •    - -      t3 

Said  to  have  been  drowned*  or  died, -2 

8htos,  en  board  of  whie^  stated  not  in  eonmission,  8 
Refused  to  be  discharged,  said  to  be  British  subjeets,  40 
Refused  to  be  diseharged,  said  to  be  prisoners  of  war  S; 
Do  not  anpear  to  have  been  impressed*  -  .  -  -  6 
On  boara  ships  slated  to  be  on  a  foreign  station,  -  Sift 
Ships  lost,  on  board  of  whieh  were  stated  to  be    •        6 

Mtfuaed  to  he  ditehargedtdoeummtsbdngiiuufieimUvix, 

1.  Proteetions  from  eonsuls  and  viee-cpnsuls,     -    -    8S' 

2.  Notarial  affidavits  made  in  the  United  Stales,     -    16 
,  S.  Notarial  affidavits  made  in  England,     -    •    -    -    27 

4.  Colleotors  proteetions, 41 

5.  Diseharges  ^nted  from  king's  ships,  they  being  ^^,,^ 
American  eitiaens,    .........    -      4 

6.  Ofdifferentdeseriptions,  and  whieh  were  kept  by 
the  impress  officers*  .-.-•...,.    .85 

7.  Applications  yet  imansweredy,  .......  16S 

,1532 

This  abstract  deserves  to  be  read  lUid  examined  over  and 
over.  Every  line  of  it  claims  the  deepest  and  most  serious 
eonsideration.  It  appears  that  in4ess  than  eighteen  months 
twelve  hundred  and  thirtv-two  persons  were  impressed  out 
of  American  vessels*  exclusive  of  the  very  great  number, 
who,  we  may  reasonably  conclude*  had  no  means  of  con- 
veying their  applications  for  redress  to  the  proper  organ. 
An  entire  volume  might  be  written  as  a  commentary  on  this 
memorial  of  British  outrage  and  injustice,  and  of  American 
disgrace  and  dishonour. 

The  first  item  is  hideous :  three  hundred  and  eighty-three 
impressed  Amerieans  are  doomed  to  remediless  slavery, 
because  they  were  not  branded  with  the  mark  U.  S*  or 
provided  with  a  badge,  a  pass,  a  license,  or  eertifieatei  Sup* 
pose  commodore  Perry,  or  commodore  Macdonough.  or  com-, 
modore  Porter,  had  impresse,d  three  hundred  and  eighty- 
three  menfirom  on  boara  of  British  vessels*  under  pretence 
of  iheir  being^  Americans— (and  has  the  Almighty  given  any 
right  to  a  British  commodore  or  admiral  beyond  what  k<3 
has  vested  in  an  American  commodore  or  admiral  ?)  and 
suppose  Mf.  Merry,  Mr.  laston,  Francis  James  Jackson, 
Mr.  Rose,  or  Mr.  Foster,  had  demanded  them-»and  that 


m 


TBM  OlilTE  BRANCH. 


our  sMMtery  of  state  htd  peremptorily  refUiiAd  to  turrra- 
drr  thenit  be  .bum  tliey  haa^  not  the  regular  bnuMlvf  G. 
B.  or  a  proper  oevtiteate  or  proteotiout  would  Great  Britain 
iMTe  tubmittetl  to  the  slow  process  of  further  demanding 
and  waiting  for  redress?  Indubitably  not. 

One  hundred  and  five  were  doomed  to  sla^i  "y«  by  a  re« 
moval  from  the  Tessels  in  whi^  they  were  i.  %l«ssed,  to 
others.,  An  easy  and  summanr  proeess«  by  whieh  the  doors 
of  redress  are  eternally  barred  with  adamantine  fastenings. 

One  hundred  and  twenty  of  these  saffisrers  are  withheld 
beeauBd  they  had  taken  the  bounty,  or  TOluntarily  entered ! 
In  forming  an  estimate  of  the  justiee  of  this  plea,  we  most 
not  lose  sight  of  the  subsequent  cruel  tragedy  aoted  by  or. 
derof  commodore  Berkley,  op  board  the  Ctesapeake,  i  i 
order  to  seize  men  ^ho  had  voluntarily  entered  on  boon! 
that  Vessel.  If  this  is  not— ^ve  no  right-4akf  no  wrong-- 
I  cannot  divine  what  deserves  the  title. 

I  am  tired  of  this  vile*  this  odions,  this  detestable  sul^eet. 
It  excites  to  loathing  and  abhorrence.  I  musVdraw  to  a 
close.  But  there  is  one  more  point  that  I  must  touch  upon— 
and  that  is^  that  of  the  whole  number  of  twelve  hundred  aod 
thirty>two,  there  are  only  forty-nine  asserted  to  be  Briiitih 
subjects !  The  American*  Who,  after  these  statements,  can 
advocate  the  atrocious  practice  Of  impressmentf*  muMt  be 
utterly  lost  to  a  sense  of  justice  for  his  countrymen*  or  re- 
gard to  tlie  national  rights  or  national  honoar. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

Jti  ap<dogy  for  an  egregiouii  error  committed  by  the  toriter,  oh 
,1Ae  ivSject  of  preparation/or  war,  the  v)]^  session  one  eon- 

,  tinueit  series  ofpreparatUms,  JVtneteen  acts  bearing  strong 
notes  of  martial  arrartgement, 

I  D^vM  it  indispensably  neeeasary  to  correct  a  most 
egregious  error  into  which-  I  was  betrayed  by  the  haste  in 
which  my  first  edition  was  compiled  and  written.  I  therein 
enumerated*  among  the  errors  of  Mr.  Madison's  administra- 
tion, the  neglect  to  make  due  preparation  for  tlie  war»  <*  pre- 
vious to  the  commencement  of  hostilities."  I  deeply  regret 
to  have  cast  such  a  superficial  glance  at  the  subject;  to  have 
allowed  myself  to  be  so  grossly  deceived  $  and  to  have  con- 
tributed to  lead  my  reader  astray.  There  were  ample  pre- 
parations mcde,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  list  of  acts 
passed  during  the  session  of  congress^  towards  the  close  of 
which  war  was  declartd. 


THB  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


a  most 
laste  ID 
therein 
linistra- 
"  pre- 
regret 
to  have 
ivo  con- 
lie  pre- 
of  acts 
close  of 


PreoUnut  to  the  deelm'UUan  tf  war, 
1.  An  art  for  «oin|rf«tittg  the  existing  miUtary  eitmUkh- 
Bent*    Beoember  2^,  1811. 

S.  An  aot  to  raise  an  additional  military  foree.  This  act 
provided  for  falsing  ten  regiments  of  infantry,  two  n»lroentf 
of  artillery,  and  one  regiment  of  light  dragoons,  to  be  enlist- 
ed for  live  years,  unless  sooner  diseharMd.  The  inlkntry 
amounted  to  about  so.ooo  men— the  artulery  to  MOO— and 
theoavalry  to  looo.    Jan.  ll,i  181S. 

S.  An  aet  authorizing  the  pnrehase  of  ordnanoe  and  ord- 
■anee  stores,  camp  equipage,  and  other  quarter-master's 
stores  and  small  arme     Jan.  14«  1813. 

4.  An  aot  authorizing  the  president  of  the  United  States 
to  aeeept  and  authorize  eertaiu  volunteer  military  corps, 
■ot  to  exceed  ft0«000  men.  For  this  purpose  there  was  an 
aj^ropriation  of  1,000,000  dollars.    Feb.  0, 181S. 

5.  An  aet  appropriating  108,772  dollars  for  the  expenses 
incident  to  six  companies  of  mounted  rangers.  Feb.  SOf  1812. 

6.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the 
military  establishment  of  the  United  States  ibr  1812,  via. 

For  the  pay  of  the  army  .  •  .  .  869,988 
Forage  -        •       .        .      ,•.      .       «    10*«62I) 

Subatistenee  .  .  .  ;  .  .  .  68fr,000 
Clothing  -  -  -  -  •  .  -  298,804 
Bounties  and  premiums  .  .  -  -  70,000 
Medical  deiwrtment  •  .  *  .  .  50,000 
Ordance  vnti  ordnance  stores  -  -  -  1,136,000 
Fortifications  -  •  •  -  -  -  296,049 
For  the  quarter-master's  department  -  -  73l»,000 
For  purch&se  of  horses  -  -  -  .•  150,000 
Contingencies  ...  .  -  .  60,000 
Indian  department  -  ^  .  .  -  -  |164,500 
Militia  of  Louisiana,  &o.         •        -       -        >  v   82,000 

Passed  Feb.  21, 1812.  SS4,6S5,945 

7  An  iMst  makinx;  a^ropriations  for  the  support  of  an  ad- 
ditional military  foree : 
For  pay      .        -        -        -        -        -        -     1,406,867 

Forage -    164,486 

Subsistence         -       -       -       -        -       -     1,074,097 

Clothing 868,244 

Bounties  and  premiums       -       •       -    '    -       442,260 

Horses  for  dragoons 282.000 

Quarter-master's  departinenty  ...  408,760 
Medical  department  •  .  -  .  -  125,000 
Contingencies     •       -       .        .        .       «       355,911 

Passed  Feb.i2, 1912.  S6,ll2,664 


is 


m 


ftU 


THS  OLIVE  BRANGR. 


8.  An  aet  making  apiiroprlationi  for  the 
Ravj  of  the  United  States,  for  1818. 
Ay  and  subsistence  .        .        • 

Provisions      -        -        -        -        -      — 
Medicines  -        -        -        -        . 

Reiwirs  of  vessels  -        -        . 

Freiglit,  store-rentt  &o.       .       •       • 
Navy  yards*  he.      -        -        -•  -     - 
Ordnance  and  ordnance  stores     •        - 
Saltpetre*  sulphur,  &e.   - 
Pay  and  subsistenoe  of  marine  corps     • 
Clothing  for  marine  corps       .       .        . 
Military  stores  for  do.  .     ~   . 

Medicines*  &o.        -       •        i 
Qiiarter-ma8ter*8  stores      - 


support  of  the 


SI  ,128^41 

.     68»,767 

40,000 

.    816,000 

118,000 

-  60,000 
880,000 

.     180,000 
154,846 

-  40,981 

l,77r 

8,601 
80,000 


Passed  Feb.  84, 1818.  S8,II08,002 

9.  An  act  making  a  further  appropriation  for  the  defence 
of  our  maritime  fhintier.  This  aet  appropriated  for  the  pur- 
pose, 8600,4^00.    Pftssed  March  10, 1818. 

10.  An  act  for  a  loan  of  011*000,000  for  defiraying  the 
above  expenses.    Passed  March  14, 1818. 

11.  An  act  oonoeming  the  naval  establishment,  for  repair- 
ing the  frigates  Constellation,  Chesapeake,  and  Adams.  For 
this  purpose  there  ivag  appropriated  0800.000. 

3y  this  aet  there  was  an  a[^ropriation  made  of  ^800,000 
annually,  for  three  years,  for  the  purohaee  of  a  stock  of  tim- 
ber for  ship-building.  The  first  appropriation  was  for  re- 
building the  frigates  Philadelphia,  general  Greene,  New- 
York,  and  Boston.    Passed  March  80, 1818. 

18.  An  aet  in  addition  to  the  act  to  raise  an  additional 
military  force.    Passed  April  8, 18J  8. 

18.  An  aet  to  authorize  a  detachment  from  the  jnilitia  of 
the  United  Statos,  to  the  amount  of  100,000  men.  This  act 
contained  a  clause  appropriating  one  million  of  dollars  to- 
wards defraying  the  expenses  to  accrue  under  it.  Passed 
April  10, 1818. 

14.  An  act  for  the  org^'niKation  of  a  corps  of  artificers. 
Passed  April  23, 1818. 

16.  An  aet  for  the  better  regulation  of  the  ordnance. 
Passed  May  14^,  1812. 

Subsequent  to  the  deelaration  of  war. 

16.  An  act  for  the  more  perfect  organization  of  the  army 
of  the  United  States.   Passed  cfuhe  86 , 1 8 1 2. 

17.  An  act  making  a  further  appropriation  for  the  defence 
of  the  maritime  frontier,  and  for  the  support  of  the  army  o'^ 
the  United  States.  Passed  July  5, 1818. 


TBB  OUYE  BRANCH. 


197 


II.  An  Mt  making  tdditf  ml  nmropriationi  for  the  mill- 
tairettobliihmentyandfbk'tlie  Inqinn  department  PMMd 
July  6.  isif . 

19.  An  net  making  Ibrther  provition  for  the  army  of  the 
United  States.   Pasted  Joly  6, 181S« 

It  tberOfore  appears*  that  nearly  the  whole  session  was 
spent  in  making  pieparatlonH  for  hostility— for  offensive  and 
defen^Te  operations.  I  shall  not  easily  forgive  myself  the 
very  extraordinary  error,  of  whioh  I  have  aekoowledf^ 
myself  guilty  on  this  sul^eet.  I  shall  regard  it  as  a  monition 
as  long  as  I  live*  Muinst  preeipitate  deeision.  And  may  I 
take  the  liberty  or  hinting  to  the  reader,  whoever  he  be, 
that  he  may  perhaps  derive  a  useful  lesson  froih  the  faet? 
If,  with  the  attention  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of  paying  to 
publio  affairs>-4«ading  two  or  three  newspapers  every  day 
-^4ind  perfectly  convinoed  of  the  justiee  of  the  n^ar—I  have 
nevertheless  fUlen  into  sueh  a  D«lpable,<  sueh  a  monstrous 
error,  on  so  |dain>a  poiat>«-if  I  have  brought  so  ni\just  an 
aoousation  agalnstthe  oongress  who  deelared  wavw-how  dif- 
floult  must  it  be  tit  persons  remote  from  opportunities  of 
judging  oorreetly,  and  liable  to  be  misled  by  inter^ted  or 
faeuoiM  men,  to  form  aeeurate  opiuions? 

A  further  and  most  oonvinoing  proof  of  the' magnitude 
of  thererror  which  I  eommitted,  is  to  be  found  in  the  eir- 
oumstanee  that  on  the  Itth  of  July*  1813,  only  twenty-four 
days  aifter  tlie  declaration  of  war*  general  Hullt  at  the  head 
of  two  thousand  five  hundred  men,  well  aiq;K>inled*  had  pene* 
treated  into  Canada :  and,  had  the  same  talent  and  bravery 
that  displayed  themselves  at  Yorkt^wn,  Chippewa*  Bridge- 
water*  the  Savenae*.  New-Orleans*  and  other  places,  pre- 
sided over  itt  movements,  thtre  i»  no  doubt  that  ip  the  first 
campaign*  the  wholeof  Upper  Canada*  and  perhaps  Lower 
Canada  too*  with  the  exception  of  Quebec,  might  have  been 
subdued.  This  army  had  37M>  muskets*  36  pieces  of  can- 
noQ,  1080  rounds  of  fixed  ammunition  for  the  cannon*  300 
tonsof  eannon  ball*  150  tons  of  iead,  75,000  musket  car- 
tridges made  up*  &e.  &o.  &e.* 

Xet  it  be  borne  io  mind,  that  amoi^  the  heinous  chains 
on  Uie  sulyeet  of  ihe  war*  against  the  administration*  the 
want  of  due  preparation  has  been  the  most  prominent.  We 
here  see  how  utterly  fallacious  and  unfounded  is  the  allega- 
tion. 


•  See  Weekly  Register,  vol.  S,  page  93. 


Mi  THE  OUVB  BRANCH. 

CHAPTER  XL. 

Jttffoachei  of  the  minoritjf  agaimt  thk  iniheetHly  0/  the  ma- 
jority. Perniciouaeomequmee8afnew9fap€rm»rtfr€aen' 
tatio^«.    Britiih  dee€toe4  Ity  thdr  frttHAa, 

WuTLM  the  terions  pi^parationi  detailed  in  the  preoed-. 
iag  chapter  were  gelnj;  fbrward*  the  federal  prinlera 
throai^out  the  mien  were  pretty  generallj  and  nealeuily 
empleyed  in  ridienlingthe  idea  of  waru-perMading  thepvh- 
lie  that  all  tliete  meaturei  were  illuiory  and  inteMed  to  in- 
timidate the  British  minietr7--and  that  our  goTemmrnt 
tDswiied  neither  the  oonrage  nor  the  meant  to  Tenture  en 
ostility. 

I  have  already  quoted  the  notoriont  d^laration  nwde  hy 
•everal  members  of  eongreu«partieuiarly  Mr.  Jotiah  Quin- 
ey,  that  <•  the  moioHty  tfouid  not  be  kiehe4i'Ht9  war."-— 

This  eourse  of  proeeeding  it  not  easily  aeeonnted  for.  It 
mast  have  had  some  motive.  And  it  requires  an  extraor- 
dinary degree  of  eharity  to  aseribe  it  to  a  motive  either 
laudaUe  or,  patriotic. 

Suppose,  for  a  moment,  that  our  rulers  did  not  really 
Mwan  war—that  they  were  aotually  destitute  of  the  means 
of  carrying  it  on— that  they  were  *•  too  eowardly  to  be  kick- 
ed into  it*'— was  it  wise,  was  it  prudent,  was  it  honourable, 
was  it  poUtie,  to  blason  our  defleieneies  to  the  world-^to  as- 
sure £ngland  that  she  might  safely,  and  with  inspunity, 
eontinoe  the  perpetration  of  her  oatrages  on  an  unomending 
Bcutml,  because  that  neutral  could  not  be  JWofced  into  war 
to  reeiet  these  outrageef  Surely  not. 

In  pursuance  of  the  plan  I  have  followed  throughout  thii 
work,  of  establishing  all  points  of  importance  by  indisputa- 
ble evidci|oe,  I  subjoin  a  few  of  the  paragraphs  to  which  I 
refer.    They  will  satisfy  even  the  mottt  ineredulons  reader. 

Smoke.'  Smoke.' 

**  Our  correspondent  tunettt,  that  in  the  event  ofeertalh  metsures  alrea- 
dy  taken  b^  the  executive  niling,  then  to  augment  the  forOlB  by  new  leviet— 
or  by  fiirmuig  ten  corps  of  1300  men  each,  to  be  selected  from  the  aiilitiaaf 
a  certain  age  of  the  several  states,  who  may  volunieer  for  sueh  corps  during 
the  war.  It  is  to  us  a  most  astonishing  and  inconceivable  tb'big,  iha';  on 
reading  the  above,  any  man  should  be  alarmed,  and  think  our  government  are 
about  to  take  derioive  otept.  Will  our  administration  never  be  understood  4 
Shall  we  forever  be  the  dupes  of  a  contemptible  iarce,  which  has  been  ex- 
hibiting for  years,  to  make  people  wonder  ai)d  stare.  My  life  on  it^  our  ex- 
ecutive have  no  more  idea  of  declaring  war  than  n^  grandmother.'*  Boston 
Bepertory,  Jan.  9,1810. 

**  Our  ffmemment  v/Ul  not  make  %ar  on  Great  Britain  /  but  will  keep  up  a 
constant  uritation  on  oome  pretence  or  others  for  the  sake  of  maintaining  their 
influence  as  a  party.  The  more  the  public  suffer,  the  more  irritable  they 
will  be  :  and  government  will  trust  to  their  addtess  to  direct  that  irritability 
agsinst  GfMt  Brituo."    Boaton  Repertory,  April  17. 1810. 


THE  OL1TB  BRANCH. 


«<  The  S5,000  men  bill  paucd  coHwm    id  io  thii;  city  [New.Tork]  the 
eiiMtian  produced  bv  it  wu  not  belfequel  to  tbet  wbieb  wm  oeui 


•enietion, 

fovemor'e  notice  oflMtttlu 


oeuaed  by  tlis 
Mr.  Oalliiin  recommended  a  whialusy  tes,  fce. 


end  etery  body  laughed  to  think  what  a  queee  tkinf  it  waa  fbr  a  man,  who 
bad  figured  ao  mum  in  the  vhtakey  inaurrictkNi,  to  be  the  author  of  auoh  a 
meuaure.  The  Mew* York  Oasette,  howerer,  atill  graced  ita  columoa,  and  we 
too  aometimea  with  **  for  Llvttrpool— for  Lundun,"  fcc.  Im:.  The  com. 
mittee  of  wave  and  meana  at  laat  come  out  with  their  pandora's  boi  of  taxes. 
Th  ntbttfy  attamt  ^  war.  The  meeh^niea,  the  banks,  nay,  the  inswanc* 
elkoet  go  on  as  usuaL  Last  of  all  11,000,000  of  duUar»->M«  m  iik»rmli»n 
ffthe&ubUe  pulm  no  concern  by  firicud  or  foe  of  adn)iputration.  All  is 
well !  In  tlic  name  of  wonder,  how  or  why  is  all  this  I  Exposed  ait  iht  city  of 
New.Tork  Is,  why  this  secbrity,  this  a|iatfay  ?  'Jrt  aif  Ihth  p^ettdinf  •/§*• 
vmmmtnt  •/brer,  and  that  so  palpable  a  one  aa  to  be  understood  by  the  most 
stvpid  I  Or  what  is  the  reason  that  not  thi»  sUgbtest  anxietv  is  folt  by  our. 
Nlve.. .  if  government  is  in  earnest,  why  have  tbc^y  not,  why  op  they  not  pn»« 
oeed  more  rapidly  r  W%  it  tur  •Uppitif  permitted  te  nm  in$e  certain  cap. 
turef  Either  thegevemmept  it  mntt  fatie  and  hjfpeeHUeal,  tr  tkipeepie  eM* 
•/  tMr  tentei  ?'  New.Yurk  Evening  P^t,  Feb.  IHU. 

'*  >Vhen  1  see  such  a  palpable  failure  in  all  the  means,  natural  and  necea* 
•ary,  for  carryiog  on  the  war— when  1  see  the  exposure  of  your  sea  bbsfd— 
when  I  see  the  actual  military  force,  instead  of  being  increased  fai  elBoiiiiiey, 
in  foet  reducing,  luither  premitet,  nor  attemratleHtt  net*  solA*,  McA  sMiAe  nm 
itSeve  that  jtmi  wW  ge  te  war  at  ithe  end  rf  ninety,  doj/t.  Qpptult  MMuro. 
Nature  hr  i  decided  against  you.  Instead  of  that  feast  of  war,  co  which  w« 
were  inviti  d,  at  the  beginning  of  the  sessioh,  we  have  served  un  to  us  tfito  did 
dith  of  restricticins.  There  is  no  need  of  prophecy  to  tell  the  result  '  At 
the  end  of  nlne^  days,  you  will  find  thnt  yiMir  preparation  ia  not  suflUucnt 
TArAorrer*  ^war  wiU  be  preached  up  veyy  Mtidmvtlji  during  enr  re^rfs. 
Familiarity  with  embargo  will  diminish  its  dread.  The  reitniBtive  system 
becomes  identified  with  some  personal,  loeal,  paltry  interest.  The  navigat- 
ing sutes  are  saeriileed :  and  thb  spirit  and  character  of  the  country  art 
prostratea  >r.  the  dust,  by  fear  or  by  avarice."  Mr.  Quincey'a  speeebon  the 
embargo,  April  3, 1813. 

-  The  project  of  attacking  Canada  is  now  given  up.  Some  Other  plim  ia' 
tobedevtsed.**    Philadelphia  Gazette,  Jan.  30, 1813. 

*'They  [the  leaders  in  congress^  have  already  gone  far  enough  in  wai^ 
(C^They  are  conseioua  thev  eannel  essimmcr,  preeeeatet  and  terminate  a 
«qr/ that  the  hands,  which  begin,  will  never  finish  it  ,  Tkig  thritde /rem  it, 
Th^abreatfy  ttagger  under  the  weight. 

"  They  are  frightened  at  the  atpeet  beemnei  a  kttk  teritui,  and  wish  to  go 
home,  and  think  of  it"    Phikdelphia  Gasette,  Jan.  10, 1813. 

"If  you  think  a  vote  to  raise  35,000  men,  looks  like  war,  (X;^ f imI ystir 
apprehentiont.  You  do  not  understand  what  ia  here  called  management 
THERE  WtiXs  AS  I  BELIEVE.  BE  NO  WAR.  OC^  The  war^hoep,  the  dr. 
dert  in  ceuneUt  the  nen-impertaHen,  and  preeidential  eaueutiing  trill  vanieh 
iefere  tummerV  Baltimore  Federal  Gazette,  aa  quoted  in  the  Philadelphia 
Gasette,  Jau  13, 1812- 

"  I  tell  you  James  Madison  will  not  dare  to  march  a  man  to  Canada  with 
the  avowed  spirit  of  warfare— not  a  man,  sir— no->not  one.~in  our  present 
defonceless  state.  QCjT  5a  no  more  of  thit  dream.**  Philadelphia  Gazette, 
J«n  2r,  1813. 

"  We  are  firmly  persuaded,  that  the  majority  in  congress  diydo  not  mean 
todfclare  war  at  pretent/  THAT  THEY  DARE  NOT;  and  that  all  their 
threats  are  but  (^^  contemptible  vapouring,  which  will  die  away  like  the 
vapourings  of  a  drunken  man,  before  they  rise."  Boston  Repertory,  Dec.  34« 
1811. 

"  It  is  amazingly  mal.a.propoe,  and  moreover  very  vescatious,  that  while 
our  centinels  6f  public  liberty  are  legislating  away  in  "  the  full  tide  of  i^uc. 
cessful  experiment"  at  Washington,  QCj*  ff^eir  weU-Md plant  are/ailing  every 


•  litf'jfci.' 


i 

^4 


M 


SIP 


THB  OUTS  f  HANCU. 


wkinr*/  (tytkttm  main  dnrm  t/»Mt  darUiur  w9r,  oMnr  t9  tit  mmI  m§m%- 
iXy  NEl  l'flF.ll  MEN  km  TO  BB  HA1>-N0R  MONEY  TO 


AkSMtdriA  O«Mtt0,  M  quoted  In  tk«  PdilMklphw  Q«Mtte« 


kkrtliuwi. 
PAY  THEM.' 
Miiy  14,  ttl9. 

Thb  pnnif  rtpk  wm  publltlied  mIj  iv«  wMkt  btfbre  the 
drelAititioii  of  Wiir.  It  wmi*  with  lianflrerft  of  othr im  of  li. 
mllar  oharaater.  oRlonlated  to  keep  up  lli«  delufloo  to  tbo 
latt,  lit  home  and  abrood. 

Uiiring  Ike  prrlud  wht*M  Cbote  p«rt|(rAplii  were  poUliH- 
ioK  In  our  tiaiAttrs.  1  felt  the  roott  mHoui  viietMnefii  on 
the  mthle^C*  I  hrllrved  their  rAiet  would  he  to  produoe 
war.  1  repeatedly  expreiieil  mr  feart  oa  the  tttljeet.  I 
was  eonvinced  that  (hrjr  would  delude  England  Into  a  bellefi 
that  she  might  laugh  our  eflbrti  to  ioorn--and  that  the 
vottid  prraevere  in  her  obnoxious  eoune  till  we  were  flnaUv 
<•  Mf Jlred  info  war,**  Among  other  gnnlleoMn  to  whom  1 
eommunlented  my  npprehentionf  on  this  lumeet*  were 
James  Milnor,  Adam  Beybertf  and  William  Anderson, 
Ks^rt.  then  repreirntatives  in  eongress  from  this  state.  It 
was  in  the  gallery  of  the  house  of  representativee*  aad*  as 
Car  as  I  refolleot,  early  in  Mav,  isiS. 

'riie  eiforis  to  tprvad  this  delusion  were  not  eonftned  to 
this  side  of  the  Atlantie.  No.  The  same  industry  was  employ* 
ed  In  letters  to  eorrespondents  in  England  and  Irenndi 
ivhieh  made  their  appearanoe  in  the  puUio  papers  in  those 
kingdoms.  Never  was  more  application  employed  on  any 
■nljeet— 4md  never  was  applioatioa  more  unholy  or  perni- 
cious. 

1  submit  an  extract  firom  one'of  those  letters,  to  the  rea- 
der. It  b  a  fair  spe^inen  of  hundreds  whioh  really  appear 
to  have  been  dietateA  by  Q^  the  meel  eerioitf  apprtfteicaJoRf 
lest  the  BriHiih  aheuli  reUue,  and  Q;j^  i.bbt  wb  miqht 

Jf^V^  BSCAVB  WAB. 

ftVoro  the  Londonderry  JMmal,  Jane  16, 1813. 
E^rtt%M  ^fm  letter  te  a  gentleman  in  thit  place,  dated 

J'kiladelpMa,  May  8. 1813. 
«*  You  will  percriw  by  the  copy  of  a  bill  which  1  enclose,  that  we  Ameri- 
cans ure  "  at  our  dirtj/  vnrk  again."  But  GCT*  i  advite  jfw  net  te  be  alarmed 
?tke  WM<rac«  ^fewr  pruceedingi.  dj*  We  ehittt  eenlinue  te  blutter.  (jy  TMi 
eur  ekaraeterietif.  (CT  -^^^  «•  would  do  more,  if  we  could.  Qij'"  ■*«< «'  •'» 
nttt  in  eur  pewer.  <!CT  ^e  kvre  net  a  dollar  in  the  treaaurif—Qy  no  artm/  Je- 
eerving  the  name  of  one — (XIT  '>'*^  o**'  aetimlly  vilhout  a  tuivy.  Added  to  this, 
(i;^  net  a  meietif  if  the  loan  o/ eleven  milliene  vtill  ever  be  procured." 

I  wish  the  reader,  befbre  lie  closes  this  chapter,  to  weigh 
VPcIl  lit  eontents.  Let  him  dive  into  the  most  profound  re- 
oesses  of  the  human  heart.  Let  liim  try  to  discover  the 
main  spring  that  ^etated  paragraphs  and  letters,  fraught 
with  such  ruinous  eonsequenees  to  both  nations. 


THE  OLIVE  URAN OH. 


M 


The  effret  of  (hit  vile  eoone  of  proee«dliir  wm  highly  per* 
■l«louf  In  two  point!  of  tlew*  widvlv  dllferent  frotn  «iiih 
other.  It  fkfnily  held  ont  eyery  poailble  eneouracement  to 
the  Bridih  mimitry  to  pertevrre  in  (he  enreer  or  dei^redn- 
tlon  on  American  eommeree*  tnd  ntter  dbrmrd  (onnd  vio- 
ktlon  of  (he  rlgh(t  of  MterelgiKy  of  the  Unitrd  States.  It 
WM.  moreover,  ealoulated  to  Kood,  and  I  hate  no  donbt  did 
contribute  to  goad,  our  rulen  Into  war. 

Reader,  let  me  Illustrate  (hli  point  by  a  plain  eaie  whioll 
oeeurt  In  our  street*  every  day.  Two  boyt  liave  a  quarrel- 
but  are  not  very  willing  to  eome  to  an  open  mp(ttre«  lett 
(heir  eyet,  nnd  noiet,  and  mou(hi.  ahooM  •uffi'r  violenee  te 
(he  affniy.  Some  of  the  humane  tpeetatort  pat  them  on  the 
baeki,  and  ti^  to  persuade  eaeh  that  his  antagonist  •*  c^not 
he  kieind  into  Miiir**^at  the  same  time  appealinR  (o  his  prMo 
(0  resen(  (he  insult.  This  landable  eonrse  seldom  fktlrof 
•ueeess.  The  uni(rd  influence  of  regpard  for  his  honour,  and 
reliance  on  his  an(agonlst*s  eowardiee,  exeitet  tlie  courage 
of  one  or  both  Jus(  to  the  point  of '  agression,  llils  was 
the  horrible  result  between  the  United §ia(es  and  EnKlaadf 
of  a  procedure  which  never  ean  b«  too  highly  eensuiM. 

I  could  pursue  this  (opio  (o  a  very  great  ex(ent.  It  ad- 
mi(s  of  a  wide  field  of  investigation :  but  I  leave  it  with  (h« 
reader.  I  have  barely  ereoted  a  finger  post  to  direct  kis 
eareer. 

I  am  fully  perswided  that  Great  Britain  did  not  desire 
ao(u9l  war  wiih  the  United  States.  Had  her  ministers 
really  believed  Hi*  alternative  to  be,  war  or  a  repeal  of  the 
orders  in  eo— eit»  they  would  have  repealed  (hem  in  season* 
But  their  ft  kinds  on  this  side  the  Atlantic  most  cruelly  de- 
ceived them.  Every  day's  ezperienoc  proves  (hat  {p*  one 
fttdfeerett.  imprudmtf  or  injudidoui  friend,  doe»  more  ii^U' 
ry  than  three  enemies,  QJ*  The  frii  nds  of  Kngland  in  (his 
country  have  afforded  undeniable  pi'vofs  of  the  correctness 
of  the  maxim.  The  writers  whom  I  have  quoted  above, 
and  others  of  similar  character,  have  intticted  on  her  more 
iiOurr  than  ten  times  the  number  of  (be  mo'st  violent  anti- 
An^^lieans  in  the  country.  ^ 


; 


I 


m 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

War  froeeeding9  in  Congress.  Yeas  and  M*ays.  IneaepU- 
eabte  eondnet.  Mr,  C^jumey,  and  other  violent  FedtraHstSt 
•sated  in  the  afirmative  on  almost  aU  the  questions  knAhtg 
to  War-iut  asoinst  War  itself, 

Tbis,  reader,  is  a  dry  and  dull  chapter.    It  is  Kttle  mora 
than  reiterated  lists  of  nameq.    It  eannot  afford  mnch  en- 


P1 


Aa'  ttf 

S-  hi 


i' 


>■ 


li, 


:i 


i3^ 


mU  OUVE  BRANCH. 


tertahiniont.  Hut  if  you  li«ve  Udvly  trayQlltul  with  me  lhu« 
IWr*  I  (lepiveate  your  pARRing  ovwi*  ilieR«  few  imgeR.  What 
they  miiy  went  In  enteriulnni«iit,  I  hope  they  will  oompjen- 
nate  In  InRtruoilon. 

'When  the  vote  waR  finally  taken  on  the  declaration  of 
war»  there  were  49  iuenii)er«  in.  the  nvgative,  whoRO  oanioR 
are  Mumolnoil— 

Nuyt— McMin.  llHker,  Bartletti  Blceokor.  Boyd,  Brccken«id|r«i  BriirhMn, 
Cluintpion,  CtuUeiitUint  C(X>ko,  D^vcn^trl,  El^,  Rmott«  Ptteli,  ()old»  Golds, 
borough.  Hufty«  Jncknon,  K^y,  Luw,  (^cwii,  MuxweU,  M'Brydc,  Metculf, 
MiUmr,  MUchoH,  Mow))*,  NoWbnld,  FcHiwin,  l*«tkin,  Potter,  Quinoy,  lUn. 
dolphi  Reed«  Kidg«ljr»  Rodnikn,  Bammonii,  StunMird,  Stewurt,  Stow,  8tiU'f(ci, 
•uluvHiH  TuggAft,  TtdiUMlgt,  i'kllmw),  Trucy,  Vua  Cortiundt,  WhektoN, 
White,  WiUuitv~49. 

I  annex  a  ttatement  of  the  voteRon  TariouR  meaRuroR  pre- 
pi^ratory  to  war.  The  namoR  of  thoRO  who  finally  yoted 
Ufail^jit  the  war»  are  in  Italic. 

,  .  /;  J>«etmb«r  16, 1611. 

<*  T|m  qtwition  wai  tukcn  on  tlic  following  reiH>lutioni 

**  Thut  It  it  cxpe4'cnt  to  »uthoriae  the  Pn:tidcnt|  undor  proper  regula* 
Uona,  to  Moent  Ute  ivrvice  of  any  number  of  vohmteera,  not  exceeding  ftfiy 
thouannd  i  to  pe  orMnixed,  tminiH),  and  held  in  readineM  to  act  on  miclt  ser- 
vice aa  the  exigenoiet  of  government  may  requirri 
'.  9*  And  decided  tliUat 

^^  YeM— 'Maton,  Arcltcr,  Avery,  Bacon,  £uk0r.  Bard,  JSartUtt,  Basset, 
Wbb,  Blat  kledge,  Jlkecker,  Blount,  JHnyd,  Bfecketiiitfye,  Brown,  Burwell, 
Niltler,  Calhuvn,  Cltec>-es,  Chitt«mlmt  Cochrun,  Clopton,  Ctoke,  Cbndit, 
Crawford,  Davis,  Dawaon,  Dinamoor,  Emult,  Findley,  Fisk,  Fitch,  Franklin, 
Gholson,  6f/c4  (>«/iliA«r«iMrA,  Goodwyn,  tirccn,  Grundy,  B.  Hall,  O.  Hail, 
Harper,  Ht^Jig,  Uyneman,  Johnaun.  Kent,  Ring,  Lncock,  Ltiievcr,  Little,  Li- 
vinnton,  Lovvndea,  l<vle,  Macon,  Murwellt  Moore,  JH'Srj/de,  M<Coy,  M*Kee, 
M*Kim,  Jlhtea(f,  JtttburfMiuhUl,  Morgan,  Morrow,  JMasei^,  Nelson,  JSev' 
Mdt  Newton,.  Ormaby,  Paulding,  Pe^rtan,  Pickcna,  Piper,  JPifMn,  Pond, 
Porter,  Qt^i'iuy,  Heed,  lUf^i^  Rii^)ld,  Uhea,  Koane,  Roberta,  JRtdtHim, 
Sugv,  SammoM,  Scavcr,  Sc'vier,  Seybert,  Shaw,  Sheffey,  Smilic,  G.  Smith, 
Stvm,  Strong,  SuKivm,  Tnlmiiifge,  TitUman,  IVuei/,  Troup,  Turner,  Van 
CartteNdV,  tThite,  WltiteluU,  WilUama.  Widgcry,  HiUm,  Winn,  Wright, 
llawea,  Desha  —113. 

«•  Naya—Measra.  Digelow,  Xrigham,  Champion,  Havenpfi,  Ely,  Gray, 
Jaekwn,  Ltm,  Lev»f,  VaUer,  Hundolph,  J.  Smith,  Stanford,  Sturgei^  Tug- 
gnri,  IFAroian.— 16. 

Satne  day, 

**  The  question  waa  next  taken  on  the  fourth  resolution  of  the  committee 
on  foreign  reUtiniw,  in  the  following  words : 

**  That  the  President  be  authorised  to  order  out  fW>m  time  to  time,  auch 
detachmcnta  of  the  militia,  as  in  his  opinion  the  public  aervice  may  rcquircj 

**  And  decided  as  followa: 

"  Yeaa— Messrs.  Alston,  Anderson,  Archer,  Avery,  Bacon,  Baker,  Bard, 
Martlet t,  Basaett,  Bibb,  Blackledgc,  Jiheckef,  Blount.  Boyd,  Breckenridge, 
Brown,  Burwell,  Butler,  Calhoun,  Cheevea,  Chtttentlen,  Cochran,  Clopton, 
C—he,  Condit,  Crawford,  Duvis,  Dawson,  Deaha,  Diivimoor,  Eiarle,  Emott, 
Pindley,  Fiak,  Fitch,  Franklin,  Ulmlson,  (iotd,  Ootdtborowh,  Goodwin,  Gray, 
Green,  Grundy,  B.  Hall,  O.  Hall,  Harper,'  HAWti»,Hu/ty,  Hyneman,  Johnsoiy, 
Kent,  K'mg,  Lacock,  L^ver,  Xewj*,  Little,  Livingston,  Lowndes,  Lyle,  Ma- 

iiV.    .  -  '  •       ■ 


THE  OlilTB  BftANCa. 


on  nicu  wr- 


c^fMuewtltt  Moon,  JttBrUt,  KKiof,  M<Eee,  WK\m, Mitpa{ft MUiur, 
MtekUk  Morgan,  Mgrrow,  3ftM|y,  NeUon,  AVwteAA  Newton,  Onmbjrf 
l^Mildinf,  Ptarttth  Pifikena,  Pipcr»  i^iMii,>«ind,  Fortcr,  J*tt»r»  QMnqh 
Aandt/lk*,  i2«ec(,  lUi<^/y,  Ringgold.  Hhes,  Rouie,;  Boberif ,  Xtdmuh 
0.  Smtth,  J.  Smith,  Munibrd,  8tr«nfr,  Sw^lfMm,  TiOiiuuUmt  TaUmmtt  TVmw, 
Ttoup,  Turner,  Van  Vtrtlandit  ffAMlon,  trhU«,  Vrhltcbll}.  WiUiuM,  Wid- 
gwrv,  >ri(/t»«,  Winn,  Wright -120.  *- 

••  N»yi— Mewri.  Bigelow,  JBHj-Aam,  CAan^on,  ^ovm/orf, /aeJlf«ofi,  1«4 
jfft«rr«t,  TVif  j-or*.— 9. 

Same  dag, 

•<  The  qtieatlon  wni  tukeri  on  tl>e  fifth  reaohition,  in  tlie  woMi  ibllbwing:,' ! 

'*  Th»t  all  the  veiieli  nut  now  in  service  belonging  to  the  navy,  and  wor< 
thy  of  repair,  be  immediately  fitted  up  and  put  in  commiaiion. 

"  iVnd  (^rried  aa  followat 

"  Yeaaa^Meisra  AUton,  Anderson,  Archer,  Avery,  Bacon,  Baktr^  "Bv^ 
BaMhit,  Baatet,  BigetoMr^  Blaekledge,  JtMcibtr,  Blount,  Jr^-^AwnnhiBw,  Brif- 
ham,  BurWell,  Dutlef,  Culhoun,  Champivn,  Clieevea,  CfUttenden,  Cochran, 
Cloptort,  Cooke,  Condit,  Crawford,  I)avia.  Dawaon,  Deaha,  iMriamjOor,  Earle» 
Efy,  EmoU,  Fmdlvv,  Fitch,  Franklin,  Gholson,  Geld,  Otldibereugh,  Ooodwyii* 
Green,  Grundy,  B  Hall,  0.  Hall,  Harper,  Hawet,  Hyneman,  Jaekten,  Johnaon» 
Kent,  King,  Lacock,  Law,  Lefcvre,  Little,  LivingiU)n>  LoWndea,  Lyle.  Mat- 
mU,  Moore,  JkTBtyde,  M'Coy,  M'Kim,  Metetl^f,  Mibior,  MUehiU,  Mor|^Ml* 
Morrow,  JUoielen,  Nelaon,  Mwbotd,  Newton,  Ormsby,  Paulding,  Peartin, 
Plckena,  Piper,  Htkin,  Pond,  Porter,  fhdnij/,  Beed,  Bidgelg,  Wnggold* 
Rhea,  Roane,  Rnhertv,  Saire,  aammena,  Seuver^  Sevier,  Seybert,  Bhaw,  O. 
Smith, Htrong,  Stwrgei,  SuUtvan,  'JTuggart,  Talmailge,Tanman,  TVocy, Troup, 
Turner,  Van  Cvrtlandt,  Wheuten,  White,  Widgery,  miten,  Winn,  Wririit— 
111. 

**  Naya— Meaani.  Bibb,  Boyd,  Brovm,  Gray,  H^f^g,  Lewie,  Maeon,  Potter, 
NanMph,  Bodman,  Bheffey,  Smilie,  Stanford,  Whitehill,  WiUiams.>— 15. 

Dee.  19, 1811. 

'*  Tiie  qneatton  Was  taken  on  the  following  reaolution,  and  carried. 

**  That  It  ia  expedient  to  permit  our  merchant  veasels,  owned  ezoluaivaly 
ky  resident  oltixenai  and  commanded  antl  navigated  solely  by  citizena,  to  arm 
under  proper  regulations  to  be  preacribed  by  law,  in  aelr  defence  af^nat  a^i 
unlawful  proceedings  towarda  tftcm  on  the  high  aeas. 

'*Yeas-^Messrs.  Atston,  Anderson,  Avury,  Bacon,  Baker,  Bassett,  Bibbf 
Bigelow,  Blackledge,  Bleecker,  Breckenridge,  Brigham,  BUtler,  Calhoun, 
Champion,  Cheeves,  thittenden,  Clopton,  Cooke,  Condit,  Crawford,  Haven- 
port,  l);tvis,  Uawton,  llesha,  Dinamoor,  Efy,  Findley,  Fitch,  Franklin,  Gliol* 
Aon,  Cold,  Ooldtboreugh,  Goodwyn,  Green,  Grundy,  B.  Hall,  O.  Hall,  Harper, 
Hawes,  Hynemun^  Jaekton,  Jonrson,  King,  Lacock,  Lam,  Lefever,  Little, 
Livinn^ton,  Lyie,  Marwell,  Moore,  M'Bryde,  M'Coy,  Metcalf,  Minor, 
Morgan,  Moteltf,  Nelson,  wVetobold,  Newton,  Onuiiby,  Paulding,  Pearaon, 
Piclwns,  Piper,  Pitkin,  PleasHnts,  Pond,  Porter,  Peavioti,  Qut'ncy,  Reed, 
Si^fy,  Rinjfgold,  Rtiea,  Roane,  Sage,  Sammono,  Seuver,  Sevier,  Shaw, 
Smilie,  J.  Smith,  Slow,  Slurge*,  Taggart,  Tollman,  Tracy,  Troup,  Turner, 
Van  Cortlandt,  H'/ieaton,  White,  Widncry,  Wilton,  Bortlett,  /»•««•.— 97. 

'^  Nays-^MesKi-s.  Ai'cher,  Bard,  Blount,  Boyd,  Hruwn,  Cochran,  Uuftv, 
Kent,  Lowndes,  Macon,  M'Kee,  M'Kim,  .Mitchill,  Morrow,  Roberts,  Rba- 
nan,8beffby,  Stanford,  Stewart,  WhitehtU,  WilUams,  Wrigfat.-.22. 

Janwtry  6, 1812. 

"  The  bouse  took  up  the  bill  for  raising  an  additional  military  force,  which 
flhallx  passed,  94  to  34.    The  yeas  and  nays  were  as  follows: . 

**  Teas,~-Messr9.  Alston,  Anderson,  Archer,  Avery,  Bacon,  Bard,  Bartlett, 
Baasctt,  Vk^  Blackledge,  Bleecker,  Blount,  Brown,  Burwell,  Butler,  Cal- 


1^ 


Tifflfi  dttttt  HHAtllJtt. 


llMin,  O^MNnel,  Ob/.  Coohrtn,  tlMtoii,  Cofidlt,  Ctawfb^,  Dafii,  SbwiaiL 
DMhi^  Dimmoor,  ifi«rle,  Etmt,  fKtdley,  Kiak,  Fruiklin,  (ihobon,  effcr,  Orcen, 
#rundy,B.  Mdl|0.  HaU^  Hmrper,  H»wei»  Uyneman,  Jobnaon,  Ken^  Kinf, 
Uwoeit  MbtM,  kittle,  Lifinfttoit.  Lowndei,  Lyle,  MaarmU,  Nook, 
M'Uoy,  M*  K«e,  M'Kim,  JIfMraK  Mllmr,  MteMtt»  Morgan,  Morrow,  N^l- 
Mn,  K«ir,  MewtoA,  Ormiby,  PAulding,  Fickent,  Hiixt,  Pond,  Porter,  Qu^ct, 
J?Mii;  Kinirgold,  RhM,  Uoafie,  Roberts,  Sr|C«,  Samm»ni,  Seftver,  Srvier,  9ey. 
Wrt,  Sh&w,^.  Smith,  J.  Smith,  Rtronf ,  /y«tth*an.  TViUmom,  T^lutftrro,  ^TVa. 
<y,  Traup,  I  umer,  Fan  C»rUand$t  WiUwinit,  Widgery,  Winn,  Wrivht.*>jM. 
'<  Naya.— Menrt.  Bigelow,  B^ftlt  Mnckenrii^,  Brij^ham,  Champion, 
ChitUndm,  Davenport,  F.fy,  IHteh,  Mt^,  Jacktotit  Key,  L09,  Lewit,  Macon, 
M'Brndt,  MtMk,  J^finobotd,  ^euroon,  ^tkin,  FoUor,  Itandoiph,  JRo4man, 
Bhetl^,  Smilie,  Siat\fbrd,  Stnvart,  Sltio,  8turge$,T^jart  Tat^milget  Whta- 
vm,  Whitt,  in/fM.— 34. 

/aniMry  20, 1813i 
*'  The  engroMed  bill  oonceming  the  naval  eatabliabment  waa  read  the  thitd 
time  and  paaaed.    The  yeu  and  ,^aya  on  ita  Rjiasage  were  as  ibllowa: 

**  Yeaa.T-M«aars  Alston,  Anderson,  Busaett,  Blackledge,  BrocktnHdge, 
burwell,  Butler,  Calhoun,  Cheevea,  Vhittentknt  CkNidit,  Jimtmpmrt,  Davis, 
IDinsmoor,  £:^  £m»<<,  Findley,  Fisk,- Jlj<eA,  Fi-anklin,  Gbolson,  (ioodwin, 
Green,  Harper4  Hawes,  Hvneman,  Kingi  Little,  Livingston,  Lowndes,  Max- 
WfO,  Moore,  M^Brydt,  M'Ckty,  M'Kim,  Mibur,  MitchOl,  Nelaon,  Newton. 
Pitkin,  neaaanta.  Pond,  Potter,  Bichardaon,  RinggDld,  Rhea,  Seybert,  Sher- 
iby,  G.  Smitl^,  J.  Smith,  Stewart,  Stew,  Stttrvet,  Tarjart,  TaUiaferro,  Traeg, 
Troup,  Turoef,  Voh  CorUandt,  tVheatm,  iVhite,  fViSon,  Winh,  Wright.— 65. 
"  Maya.— lieasra.  Bacon,  Bibb,  B^d,  Brown,  Coehran,  Crawford*  Ikaha, 
O.  Hall,  Mt{fyf,  Johnaon,  Lacock,  Lyle,  Macon,  M*Kee,  Metef^,  Morgan, 
New,  JWw^M,  riper,  Roane,  Roberts,  Hodman,  Sage,  Seaver,  Shaw,  Smdie^ 
Sttu^d,  Strong,  JUitchitt,  WilUama.— 30. 

Febmanf  19, 1813. 

"The  «igto«sed  bill  for  authoriaing  a  loan  (or  eleven  millions  of  dollars 
Was  read  tlw  tUrd  time,  and  the  question  was  pu<i  "  slwU  the  biU  pass  its 
tkird  reading." 

<*  Yeaa.— Meaare.  Alston,  Anderaon,  Archer,  Bacon,  Bard,  Baaaett,  Bibb^ 

gleeeher,  Bojfd,1itwiin,  Burwell,  Buvler,  Calhoun,  Cheevea,  CUy,  Cochran, 
indit,  Crawford,  Dsvia,  Dawson,  Desha,  Dii)knu>or,  Earl,  J5itM««,  Findley, 
Fisk,  Franklin,  Gholson,  Ooid,  Goodwyn,  Green,  Grundy,  B.  Hall,  0.  Hall, 
Harper,  Hawes,  Birffy,  Johnson,  Kent,  Khig,  Lacoek,  Lefever,  LitUe,  Liv* 
ingston,  Lowndes,  Lyk,  Mucon,  MaxweU,  Moore,  M'Goy,  M'Kim,  JMetaM', 
MitcfuOi  Morgan,  Morrow,  Nelson,  New,  Newboid,  Newton,  Ormsby,  Fick< 
•ns.  Piper,  Pleasantat  Pond,  Porter,  Potter,  Qtdncy,  Beed,  Richardson,  Ring* 

fold,  Rhea,  Roane,  Roberts,  Sage,  Sammono,  Seuver,  Sevier,  Seybert,  Shaw, 
miliet  G.  Smitli,  J.  Smith,  Skow,  Strong,  TYacy,  Troup,  Turner,  Fan  Cort' 
land*,  Whitehill,  Widgery,  Winn,  Wright.— 93. 

*<  Naya.— Messrs.  Baker,  Bigelow,  Brecketuidff«,  Bri^ham,  Champieii, 
Chittenden,  Davenport,  Fiteh,  GoUleborough,  Gray,  Jackoon,  Law,  Leme, 
JIfibisr,  Moeelff,  Pearevn,  Pitkin,  Randolph,  RidgeUi,  Rodman,  Shelfuy,  Stew' 
urt,  Stnrjreo,  T^gg    ),  TaUmat^,  Wheaton,  White,  iFi/lton.— 39- 

I  hope  the  reader  has  folly  examined  those  dry  lists, 
mod  has  his  mind  prepared  for  the  refleetioas  I  have  to 
submit  upon  them. 

N»  MMi  will  deny  that  a  public  functionary  who  acts 
frith  gPOBf  and  manifest  ineonsisteney  in  his  political  ca- 
reer, especiallyt  in  matters  of  the  highest  possible  tmpor- 
tanee  to  idt  eonstituents,  forfeits  their  eonldenee.  Of  course 
h  is  extremely  dangerous  to  submit  to  his  guidance. 


TOR  OMTE  BBANCV, 


m 


Tbf  ««r  wnt  either  Juft  or  uniiit. 

Every  mui  who  believed  Uvsjuit*  mmI  wIm  voted  Ibr  ft 
ipriei  or  neiMiurti  le«diiig  to  it*  betnyed  hit  tnutf 

Eveiy  Atn  who  voted  for  tlio  meatnret  letdlig  to  wvrt 
who  oppoi«)d  it  allter  it  WM  deelfuwd;  and  irbo»  m  fk^*  at  ii| 
bi»  power-,  thwarted  the  meaiaret  adopted  to  earrjf  itonn 
vAi  nilty  cf  a  grau*  manifettt  and  palpable  ia«oniiitan«|p 
-.and  in  either  one  or  other  eourie  betrajr«4  his  truit< 

liiat  these  positions  are  oorreot  eannot  bo  dei^ed.  { 
proceed  to  apply  th«ni— and  shall  sins^e  out  an  iadividml 
tomake  the  ease  more  striking. 

Josiah  Quinoy  voted,  as  we  have  seenr  f^fw  a  itt  of 
metuurest  ail  nredteoted  upon  cm  approaeHtimi;  war,  Q^n^. 
voted  for  ike  han  to  raite  the  VMuey  neouittry  to  g<vc  e^«et 
to  those  mtMumo*  Q^Ht*  omA  forti^-4ight  otl\«r  mmoero, 
v/ho  had  gmeratly  Toted  with  him  for  aU  theoe  preaaraior^ 
nuaovrta*  voted  aguinet  the  war  Uee^.  And  furiner*  th«p  • 
4fd  '  -mrely  vote  againntthe  war*  bu/t  Q^J^tMrty^four  m 
the)  ,'liehtd  a  mo«l  f«]|lamma(ory  iprotf^^  addreeudw 
fh^  '.^  ^MUueata,  to  excite  them  to  oppose  H»  This  protest 
ud  other  violent  measures,  were  fatally  but  too  siMoeisfiiU 

1  annex  the  names  of  the  protestors. 

Mcurt.  Brighanit  Bif;eknr,  MVtide,  Breckenridge,  Baker,  Bkeekcr* 
CiMinpion,  Chittenden,  Davenport,  Bmott,  Ely,  Fitoh,  Gold,  Gold»borou|^ 
Jackson,  Key,  Lewis,  Law,  Motely,  Milnor,  Potter,  Pearion,  Pitkin,  Quincy, 
Heed)  Ridgely,  SulUran,  Stewart,  Bturges,  Tallmadge,  Taggart,  Wtuttt, 
Wibonr  WhtatOQ. 

I  aver  that  the  whole  of  the  annals  of  legislation,  Arom 
the  first  organisation  of  deliberative  bodies  to  tlvh  hour, 
^^J^eannot  produce  a  more  einiater,  dark,  or  mjf^erioua  |h>1I- 
«|f.  These  gentlemen,  partieularlv  Mr.  Quiney*  who  has 
been  so  oonspieuoue  in  his  opposition  to  the  war,  are  most 
solemnly  eiteid  before  the  bar  of  the  puMie ,  and  ealled  up- 
•n  to  explun  the  motives  of  their  eonduct  to  that  countfjry 
which  was  brought  to  the  jaws  of  perdition  by  the  op- 
position  they  exeited  ag(ainst  a  war  which  they  eonntenan-' 
oed  in  almost  every  stage  but  the  last.  ,/" 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

Declaration  (f  war.    Violently  opposed. 

At  length,  on  the  18th  of  June,  1818,  war  was  declared 
^inst  England  in  due  form,  after  a  session  of  above  seven 
months,  and  the  most  ardent  debates.  The  final  vote  was 
carried  in  the  senate  by  19  to  lS--iand  in  (he  house  of  re- 
presentatives by  79  to  4)9  :  affirmatives  in  botll  houses  98, 
negatives  6^;  that  is}  more  than  three  to  two,  in  both  hou- 
ses united. 


•t-'5 


.J5  -,i  i^i.».(J 


^  Tkte  OUTE  mUNCB. 

Wm*  then  beoame  the  lav  of  the  land.  It  was  the  |fiii«. 
voniit  diity  of  all  gdod  eitixens  t<»  nubmit  to  it.  Even  rhoit 
whodoDfbte^  Its  Justiee  or  exfiedlenoy,  and  Who  had  oppos* 
e^ffts  adoption^  were  bound  toaeqoiesce;  for  the  ilret  piinoi- 
yte  of  all  repabUeiui  govemnient«-- and  of  all  government 
ibhuded  on  reason  and  jutttiee.  is,  that  the  will' of  thiv  ma- 
jority, fhirly  ai«d  ooiistit'titionally  extipcs^ed,  is  to  hf  the  su- 
preme liwi  Tn  IhtiX  the  miintoritv  is  sacredly  littnnd  to  sub- 
ibit.  Any  other  doctriote  Is  jaoobinieal,  and  diso**«^nizing, 
and  seditions,  And  has  aditrot  tendency  to  overthrow  all 

Etvemment,  and  Introduce  anarehy  and  civil  war.  If  it  were 
mtvA  for  the  nniiority,  in  the  unparalleled  way  they  did, 
to  oppoMO  or  paralize  the  government,  and  defeat  its  mea- 
sures, on  the  pretext  that  they  were  unjii«t.  Rooh  pretexts 
eah  never  be  wahting^.  Aiid  I  aver  that  (ff*it  trovld  be 
JMlAa  juat  M  righUoiia,  a^  Ugah  and  as  conatitutional, 
for  Mr*  UoliMS  at  the  head  of  the  minority  in  Jlia»eaehu8ettit 
tohesiate  governor  Strongt  in  his  house,  and  eoetce  him  to 
tdirefrom  offlee,a8  (^J^twagfoirthe  King8,the  Websterst 
the  J9hiR«o^«,  and  the  Gores,  i  j  otriege  president  Madison  at 
Washingtmu^^^^J':': 

"Whiles  the  federalists'held  the  reins  of  goverment,  they 
ineuloated  these  maxims  with  great  energy  and  effect.  The 
least  opposition  to  law  excited  their  utmost  indignation  and 
abherrenoe.  The  voeabulary  of  vituperation  was  exhaust- 
ed to  brand  it  and  its  pe!>petrators  with  infamy.  But  to  en- 
force rules  that  operate  to  our  advantage*  when  we  have 
power,  and  to  submit  to  those  rules,  when  they  operate 
against  us,  are  widely  different  things.  And  the  federalists, 
as  I  have  already  remarked,  abandoned,  when  in  the  minori-. 
ty,  the  wise  and  siUutary  maxims  of  political  economy  which 
they  had  so  eloquently  preached  when  they  were  the  ma- 
jority. 

And  they  were  not  satisfied  with  mere  preaching.  They 
had  ooeasional  recourse,  to  violenee.  A  band  of  Philadel ' 
phia  volunteers,  during  the  western  insurrection,  seized  a 
printer  at  Beading  by  force  and  violenee  in  his  house,  and 
seourged  him  in  the  market-place  for  a  libel,  not  the  twen- 
tieth part  as  virulent  as  those  that  are  daily  published  at 
present  with  impunity. 

"War  is  nndoubtccJly  a  tremendous  evil.  It  can  never  be 
sufficiently  deplored.  It  ought  to  be  avoided  by  all  honoura- 
ble means.  But  there  are  situations  which  present  greater 
•vi)s  than  war  as  an  alternative.  I  believe  this  nation  was 
precisely  in  that  situation.  We  had  borne  almost  evei^ 
species  of  outrage,  itisult,  and  depredation.  And  the  uni- 
form voice  of  histoi'y  proves  that  such  base  submission  of 


THIS  OUTE  BRANCH. 


m 


nations  to  the  ntroMties  perpetuated  apon.u«»  kievii^bly |»o- 
duees  a  lou  of  natiofpal  ehai;toter» .  as  well  as  of  the  respeet 
aiid  esteem  of  other  nations-^  *u4  iuvites  to  further  out- 
rages and  deprfldatiop,  till  titie  t^teraative  finally  beooroes  a 
loss  of  independeneoy  orresisMmee  with  menns  andoonfidencfn 
impairejl.  The  questions  respecting  the  late  war  wit^  jGreat 
BritHiu  are,  wht^ther  it  was  warranted  by  the  eonduot  of 
that  nation—rand  whether,  after  having  been  duly  declared 
by  the  uocstituled.  aut|iorities*  it  was  not  the  incumbent  du- 
ty of  the  whole  nation  to  have  united  in  their  support  of 
it.  I'he  first  of  these  questions  is  of  so  much  importance 
that  I  shall  devote  to  it  the  Mth  chapter  entire.  I  lhav«)  id- 
ready  sufHeiently  discussed  the  second  in,  the  beginning  of 
the  present  chapter.  =  :  < 

/'From  the  hour  of  the  declaration  of  war*  a  steady,  sys- 
tematical, and  energetical  opposition  was  regularly  organi- 
zed against  it.  The  measure  itself,  and  its  authors  and 
abettors,  were  denounced  with  the  utmost  virulence  andiuf 
temperance.  The  war  was  at  first  opposed  almost  tiltogCf 
(her  on  the  ground  of  inexpediency)  and  the  want  of  prepara- 
tion/ After  wards  its  opposers  rose  in  their  denunciations. 
They  asserted  it  was  unholy— wicked— >base— perfidious- 
unjust— cruel^^nd  corrnpt.  Every  man  that  in  any  degree 
eo-operated  in  it,  or  gfive  aid  to  carry  it  on— was  loaded 
with  execration.  It  has  been  recently  pronounced  in  one  of 
our  daily  papers  to  be  **  the  most  wicked  and  unjust  war 
that  eve>>  was  waged.*'  The  disregard  of  truth  and  of  the 
moral  sense  of  the  reader,  which  such  a  declaration  betknys, 
is  calculated  to  excite  the  utmost  astonisitment.  Can  this 
war  for  an  instant  he  compared  to  the  atrocious  and  perfidi- 
ous war  waged  hy  Bonaparte  aaiinst  jSpain-— to  the  treache- 
rous war  of  England  against  I)enma.*%  begun  1^  a  most 
lawless  and  unprecedented  attack  upon  the  shipping  and 
eapital  ol'  an  unoflfending  neutral  ?  I  pass  over  thousands  of 
other  instances.      ^' 


m- 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

Peace  Party.    Composed  of  warlike  materials,    Btpeated 

clamour  for  war, 

Immbdiatelt  after  the  declaration  of  war,  there  was  a 
party  formed  called  the  <"  Peace  Party,"  which  combined 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  federali  .is  throughout  the  union,'^ 
Their  object  was  to  expose  the  war-^th^  administration— 
the  congress  who  declared  it — and  all  who  supported  it,  to 
reprobation— and  to  foree  the  government  to  make  peace. 

Be 


IH 


ima  ^Hii^A'MAltW; 


TbliTirtyenAlriieM  ^ifmlrllMMiHj^iMMk  »r  l^ft#iMii,  all 

eillttM  i^det  the  b«MMrt  «r  fdl*i^lllMiviirhoiii  tc  3iliiy  feot 

br  tm|ii<(^r  t6  eiiiiineirftie. 

,    Firttt  tkote  wfio  were  (jlamorow  f&r  nmr  with  Esghmd 

it  176d»  Ibr  her  de|}re4ftrioris  <m  ^r  ^omm^ite. 

leoondty*  thole  who  doetet^tf  And  Supported  -the  irar 
iilrsCFirfm^eiiiirtfS.    ^  ^u   -h 

Thirdly,  ihftHvi  w'hbwere  Voeiferons  for  war  sgalttit  8^h 

.ini903^  when  ihe  interdioted  ui  from  (he  right  of  dopoidt 

at  New-XNeaiiB. 
Fourthly*  those  iVhd  in  inOS-i-S*  oi^d  Che  government  to 

resist  the  aggressions  of  Engrj^nd*  and  to  malkelhe  alteraa- 

ti?e^rttlit«»  of  i»roii|f»,  or^AB.  / 
Fifthly*  those  who,  afier  the  attack  upon  the  Ghesapeake 

in  18074  were  elamoi'O'us  for  war^  as  the  only  mode  in  which 

iati»''jietion  eoald  be  had  fbr  aiutih  an  outragcotai  insult. 
'  To  enable  the  feiider  to  makfe  a  fair  eemparison  of  the 

levertd  degrees  of  complaint  at  these  seiretal  periods  of 

tithe*  I  annex  a.syneiptieal  vicr  of  (hem. 


1793. 

tm. 

IM3. 

ICkK. 

1807. 
Clamour 

181^. 

Ckmoar 

W«r 

Clamour 

CUmour. 

War  with  Great  Britain. 

iot  w«r 

,   with 

ftir  war 

for  war 

for  war 

with  En- 

France. 

with 

with  6. 

with  O. 

Kland. 

Spain. 

Britain. 

Britiin. 

Comn. 

C'ouw. 

Catue. 

Caute. 

Caute. 

:  ^^«f-    :. 

Taefep- 

Depredft- 

Prohibi. 

Enforce- 

Attack 

lAXMfCAir      TB8IBL8, 

datioas 

tidiMon 

tion  of 
the  right 

ment  of 

on  the 

OWiraO  BT  AXRKICAir  G|TI' 

on  com- 

com* 

themie 

CheRa- 

vans,  lanur  wiTi  AXiai- 

.■leic^. 

qicrne. 

ofdeM»8> 
it  at  New 

of  1756. 

peake. 

CAW    VBOPVOT  toils,  AXB 

t 

AmbaMii* 
dori  in* 

Imprem. 

Imprest- 

HATiaATBv  ar  akkbioan 

Orleans. 

ntfat. 

ment 

SBAMBN,  LIAB&B  TO  8BIS> 

Milted. 

vac  AirO  CONDSXRATIOV, 

Attempt 

if  baund  to  France,  Hri- 

io  extort 

land,  tr  the  n»rth  ofltabf. 

money. 

• 

In  other  vordt,  the  trade 
qfthe  Vwtted' Statet  wtk 
50,000,000  tf  thepeapU  •/ 
Europe  interdicted. 
litiprcssment. 

I  hope  the  reader  wi|l.  pay  particular  attention  to  this  ta- 
Aile.  u^i  him  for  a  moment,  whether  foderalist  or  demo> 
erat*  divest  himself  of  all  prrjudiee  on  this  subject.  Let 
him  euppose  himself  called  to  decide  upon  events  of  a  tbr* 
merage  ora  distant  eoantry.  Let  him  compare  the  different 

Sievanees  t(^ther,  and  I  trust  he  must  aokow  ledge  that 
ose  of  1812*  very  far  outweighed  any  or  all  of  the  others 
aombined. 

Let  us  first  eoniider  the  ease  of  the  suspension  of  the 
right  of  deposit  at  New-Orieans.    On  that  oeeasion  the 


'Am  oijnrii  muNGH, 


S3A 


ftdend  pMij  iAMagfestaMl  out  ofdoopt  wcf^  lfNi4  inlhcir 
ekoMor  ft»r  war»  S3*idMMi|cMfi  aUmpjiV  Hmfw  makiiig 
m  takmft  to  proemre  rMlfvtf  hfi  fugediOion,  MoHonv 
W9re  made  io  oongreu  Ibr  Raising  tO,000  meo  to  sail  doirn 
the  MiMistinni  in  order  to,  i^atnie  ihe  iniolenee  of  tJbA 
Spaniardi,  The  covt^miDeBt  waf  upb^ded  for  ite  patill** 
■imity  in  aot  ▼indiMitiaff  the  national  honour.  The  017  ihei^ 
was—*'  milHoni  for  dffenee.  not  a  emt  for  trilmtt,**         ',i 

Extract  ^a  Uutrjrtm  tkt  ttat  ^gtvtrnmtnt  («  a  JHen^  in  MtmaOmMtu. 
<*  Tbe  MiMiMippi  river  ii  the  cotnntaa  highway  to  the  pieople  of  the  wMtcn 
countty,  on  which  they  mupt  puu  with  their  produce  tp  marked  (Ej'Thtm 
ntver  will  ndftr  thii  k^hamjf  to  U  ebtruettd  or  thut  ^t.  QC^TK*  jfr^  now* 
folwfi  •/  tm  river  mutt  6e  frttentd  If  that  portion  ^fuie  Jbnerieau  people,  of, 
TLE  AMERICAN  BMPIBB  MUST  BE  D18MBMBBBBD.  (Cy-y-wekai 
•  WatUngtiiK  at  the  h»ad  ^f  our  gontmnunt,  I  thmUi  expect  Jirr^  iediint 
mtatwe$  wo^ld  upon  thie  •coinra  m  puroneJt  that  a  militaiy  force  auQIcient 
to  take  Mw-Orletitii,  would  immediately  and  without  deUy  be  aaiiembled  at 
the  Machei,  in  the  MiaslMippi  territory  { that  upon  the  refusal  of  theApaniah 
govcmroent,  upon  demand,  to  fulfil  the  treaty,  that  army,  thus  aaMknbled, 
ihould  immediately  proceed  down  tlie  river,  k.  *  ''^k*  poaseision  of  AWv^Or- 
,  bmt.  Qj'But  i  apprehend  no  nicA  vigorom  >..,.  tureo  v>t0bk  OdMed  hy  om'\ 
fretent  executive.  From  the  reduction  of  the  am^y  laat  yeiir,  what  tegolalf'r 
troops  have  we  reouuninff  to  be  employed  in  that  a^vicel'  BoiUtt  Ceotfaii^' 
Jan.  ir,  1803.  ^ 

"  Notwitbatanding  the  mUk  and  "mater  meaaurea  the  adminia'.  .ation  hi^ 
thought  proper  to  adiqpt  reapecting  the  *<  Oechuion"  of  the  port  of  JVai!P> 
Or&(in«— the  language  of  the  people  on  the  ocduaidn  ia  directly  the  revcfw.** 
Ooston  Centinel,  Feb.  IQ,  18U3.     ' 

Extract  1^  a  letter /irom  WaohiHifton 
"  We  diaapprove  {[j'the  ttmid  an^  ttme-opving  meaouret  which  our  govern- 
ment haa  adopted  relative  to  the  vidlaiion  of  our  treaty  with  Spain :  the  atatea 
which  border  on  the  Oihio  and  Miiiiuippi  are  moat  immediately  intKrested  in 
what  the  preaident  calla  tbe  "  oecluaimr '  of  the  port  of  N ew-Orkai  -y  On  the 
14Ui  Mr.  Rote,  Of  JPennajftvania,  made  a  moat  able  and  animated  H>fech  in  the 
senate,  in  which  he  deacribed  in  atriking  colotira,  ^  idtuation  of  tEe  wesUni 
countiy,  and  Qlj*  urged  the  necetetty  tf  taking  ^ectuat  nuiuure*  fir  their  r»« 
Heft  and  in  oupport  if  natimal  hinoiur.  After  having  spoken  more  than  an 
hour,  Mr,  J?eM  informed  ^e  aenate,  that  he  had  prepared  aeveral  r«Ktlution« 
on  the  aubjeet,  which  (ie  aaked  leave  to  submit.  The  denucraii  immediately 
moved  that  the  galleriea  ahould  be  cleared.  Nlr.  Boot  then  declared,  that  y* 
the  diteuition  -woe  to  be  leeret,  he  thmdd  not  ojfer  the  ret^utiont,  or  make  oiy 
further  obtervtttiont  en  the  tuhject.  The  galleries  were,  however,  cleared  by 
the  majority,  and  the  senate  soon  adjourned.  It  ia  underatood  that  a  grand 
caucua  was  held  tliat  evening,  and  the  majority  dreading  the  eficct  aucn'pio. 
ceeding^  might  have  on  tite  public  mind,  the  next  morning  it  was  determined 
in  senate,  that  tlie  diacusaion  ahould  be  pabltc."  Boaton  Centinel,  March  % 
1803. 

"  Nothing  ia  more  contagioua  than  example.  The  meek  and  lowfy  tptrH 
which  influencea  the  conduct  of  the  executive  towardav  Spain,  haa  infected 
even  the  armed  force  on  the  frontier  \  and  the  pioneera  of  tlieir  countoy, 
aj>  WHOSE  SWORDS  OUGHT  TO  LEAP  FROM  THEIR  SCABBARDB 
10  RESENT  ITS  INJURIES,  are  now  aeen  to  catch  A  every  appearance, 
however  evanescent,  to  promote  the  reivn  of  hmrniUy.  Even  general  fFilkiu- 
ran,  who,  one  would  suppose,  would  be  tremblingly  alive  to  hu  country**  ho. 
nour,  and  (^proud^an  opportuni^  to  ttimulate  it  to  ipirited  iwaawrea'^as- 
suroes  the  dulcet  note,  and  with  avidity  deapatchea  an  expreaa  to  inform  gtver- 
mr  ClaAome,  not  that  the  Spaniab  government  had  rcatored  the  United  Statca 


fiO 


TBlS  Ullf  ft  IdlANtJ^. 


to  tlk^  rigbt  bj  treaVr :  iMt  truly  "thttthegornnMent  btt  ifi^p»\'mluUn 
ftir  th6  (kpMit.of^all  Itindi  of  praritionk  in  li«W'OrlieMt«  on  AOM^r  «te  fur 
Mfi«.  ,4m» ///**.  A4)tl  thi»  infom«tio(^  im  tbenhU  and  inde&tig^ 
of  th«  &.n<Mr  Pm«.  U  introduced  by  the  watHf,  THE  FORI'  Of  MEW. 
ORLEANS  OnOT,  ill  l«rge  capiuli,  by  way  of  exultation  at  tfiia  joyoui 
•fent"    Bolton  Centinel,  April  IS,  1803; 

**  The  preaident  of  the  United  State*,  in  hlr  late  lett«t«^to  the  exeeutiTet 
of  the  ii|qivtdual  atatea,  on  the  aubfect  of  the  organtiation  of  the  militia— 
apn^ii^  of  the  Spanish  oonduot  at  New-Orieana,  saya— «  JNgktt  f A«  mott  «$. 
ttn^iU  t9  w  x»0l/ar«  huv*  been  vitiated,  and  an  infraetien  ef  treiov  eemmitted 
leUheut  eehur  *r  pretext'*  This  being  the  acknowledfed  atate  of  things,  let 
the  wbrid  judge,  XC^  -mkether  the  natienat  haneur  wUl  be  moreiUMfy  vittdTeated, 
and  viebUed  lifhte  redretted,  bjf  the  htamheh  appeal  which  has  been  nude  to 
l^anish''ffuth  and  Justice,  and  French  ^fvneratj^  .and  management,  by  the  de< 
gmUng  ablicitation  ihrpurch»-;^d  justice,  or  the  disgraoeftil  proffer  of  a  briS:<> 
—or  wnether  Q^  thete  endetoeutdnotnure  readiljf  be  ebtaineaby  the  execuUm 
^  the  numljf  and  tpifited  Dieaturee  recommended  bjf  the  elagtienee  qfJferri;  and 
the  patrietUm  and  teund  VHdertta$tding  ffBete  and  ike  other  federaiUtt  in  cttr 
jTMt— posterity  will  judge."    Boston  Centinel,  April  IS,  1803. 

'*  fVWe  we  deptare  the  weaknett  and  ptuUkmUruty  of  our  govemmentf  veibi- 
eerefy  congratulate  our  weetem  brethren  on  the  fitvourabh:  change  in  their  si- 
tuation |  an}  ;fenrentl}r  pray  for  ita  long  continuance.-  How  far  we  may  attri< 
bote  thia  change  dny"  to  the  tpirited  conduct  i^  the  federal  membero  ofeongrettt 
eannot  at  preaeht  be  fully  ascertaiiied.  We  have  nc  heaitation,  however,  ia 
believing  thft  it  haa  at  least  persuaded,  if  net  entirely  origmated  these  mea> 
aures."    Centinel,  April  27, 1808. 

*^  Since  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution,  no  subject  hu  more  forci. 
Uy  affected  the  feelings  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  Sutes,  than  the  "occ/v. 
rim*  of  the  port  of  AVw-  Orleano  by  the  Spanish  [or  IVenchI  government  It 
is  a  subject  to  which  the  attention  of  the  reader  cannot  too  fre^heiitly  be  call. 
ed.  The\  president  of  the  United  States  haa  not  hesiuted  oiRcially  to  declare, 
that  by  this  m^sure  "righto  t/le moot  e««Mi<<a/  to  the  velfure  of  tlie  Americm 
people  have  been  violated,  and  an  infraction  if  the  treaty  committed  vrithtut  co- 
lour  or  pretext!**  the  spirit  of  the  people  haa  been  alive  to  the  injury— and. 
waa  ready  tn^make  any  sacrifice  to  redress  the  wrong:— but  beeattoe  the  fede- 
raUetoineoHgreotfelt  the  fiiU  glow  of  t hit  tpirit  i  and  took  the  leadinproporing 
the  necetoar^  mtatureo  to  give  it  efficacft  rather  than  they  shoujdderive  any 
honour  irom  their  success,  the  kdministratton  having  the  power,  substituted 
(Xy  K  PUSILLANIMOUS  NEOOCIATION,  and  degrading  entreaty,  for  that 
spiritof  action  which  manly  resentment  for  violated  righta  and  broken  fldth, 
so  loudly  and  so  justly  called  for."    Boston  Centinel,  June  15, 180S. 

Zouiaiana  purchated. 
«  The  question  will  eve?  be,  was  the  mode  of  getting  tlie  territory  the  best, 
the  eheapett,  the  moat  honorable  for  oUr  nation  ?    Is  the  way  of  negociatine 
caah  in'  hand,  ra  cheap  or  honourable  as  that  Mr.  Roto  recommended?  We  coula 
have  had  it  far  nothing."    Centinel,  July  3, 1803. 

"All  that  we  waiitedon  the  river  MitutHppi  was  a  pkce  of  deposit:  that 
our  treaty  with  Spain  gives.  It  was  basely  withdrawn :  our  high-apirited  ru- 
lers are  asked  to  aasert  our  rights.  O,  no  —80,000  militia  are  to  be  held  re«. 
dy  to  defend,  our  tumipa  and  feed  the  pigS  and  cattle  BUT  TO  T  A  KE  OUR 
RIGHT^Tb  SEIZE  WHAT  TREATIES  GIVE,  AN»  FRAUD  WITH- 
HOLDS;  THIS  IS  H.OT  THEIR  FORTE. 

"  A  great  man  has  been  beard  to  aay,  that  war  in  any  case  was  wrong :  and 
on  the  question  being  put  whether  he  would  think  it  wrong  to  go  to  war  if 
OUf  country  was  invaded  by  a  foreign  Htrmy,  that  even  then  some  other  way 
might  be  found  out.  This  is  our  honour's  keeper,  whom  we  have  elected  in 
the  strange  hofie  that  he  will  guard  H  better  than  his  own. 


M»litllf»IIRAIIItt. 


afki 


«Cq|Fteinlif  th*  JMfibint  do  not  noed  n.  eoiN|u«ror  to  QMke  th^m  flAwt. 
They  Mc  §hm  in  ttuk  whoa  even  oar  liberty  eoimot  taiiet  «Uvet  are  mitt 
ftidMttd  with  A  mMter*!  \iftrj,  tton  tbeir  own  rigbt^f  yet  tlwgr  Axpcet.tbls 
btm  uhiguage  will  Make  thoiB  popuW*.     Centind,  July  9, 1803. 

««AN  ADMINISTRATiOir  60  PKEBLB  AND  OESPICA'ULB,  by  wHlt 
it  can  and  what  it  cannot  do,  would  hs^ire  «unk  under  the  eorapctition  with 
France  t  and  n  hoatlie  neighbour  on  the  JMiafti^,  would  have  iii  two  years 
been  our  mafter.  GoiiiMMua  ef  their  pntrtg  ^  tpirit  vnd  of  meena,  such  an 
adminiatration  would  have  resorted  to  the  ordinary  expedient  of  the  baie  to 
yield  part  of  their  wealth  to  Urt  the  remainder."    Centinel,  July  ST,  1803. 

'•  like  true  SiaMeb,  we  are  the  meet  MrvUe  to  tiiose  who  nmit  itmtlt  u$. 
We  receive  back  our  right  as  »  neat  htma^,  fend  pay  tribute  for  tKit  which 
the  cteipeller  could  no  longer  withhold— the  ft«e  nitvigati6h  of  the  Mianis* 
•ippi  and  a  place  of  deposit  on  it*  shore  was  our  t^ght :  the  privation  of  which 
a  wrong,  and  A  FREE  AND  ENTIRE  RESTOR  vriON,  OH  A  FORCIBLE 
RECOVERY  OF  IT,  SHOULD  HAVE  BEEN  THE  REMEDY,  true  pC- 
triotisni»  thank  God,  still  glows,  still  biases,  like  »  seraph  in  Eii§lmfut  Here 
it  smells  of  alien.  But  Grist  Uritain  must  save  the  unwilttng  woric^  to  save 
herself*    Centinel,  Aug.  13, 1803. 

**  There  is  no  condition  of  di8grac(e  granted  belowburs.  In  thelowert  deep 
tkere  it  a  lever  deep.  Otir  nation  had  better  net  exitt  at  all  than  exiet  bg'ei^- 
firtute  and  under  tribute  "    Centinel,  Aug.  23,  1803. 

Who  eould  possibly  feuppose  that  the  preeeding  ^z'ra«ts 
are  from  the  Boston  Centinel*  owned  and  edited  by  major 
Bei\jamin  Russel,  who  was  lately  so  "ardent,  so  zealons,  so 
benignant  a  "•frienA  «f  peace,*'  and  who  was  among  the 
prime  leaders  of  those  **  friends,  of  peace/',  whose  pnet/lc 
proeeedifitf*  nearly  OYerturned  the'governoientt  spread  bailk- 
ruptey  in  every  direetion»  ruined  thousands  andtens  of  thoU" 
sands  of  the  best  oitisens  in  the  country,  and  laid  us  hearly 
prostrate  at  the  feet  of  a  vindictive  anu  fiowerful  enemy? 
The  expense  of  war  was  of  late  with  major  Russel  one  of 
its  ehief  objections.  In  1808)  he  ^vas  so  heroieally  dispo- 
sed that  he  ui^ged  war  as  «  the  cheapest  and  most  honoura- 
ble" mode  of  recovering  our  rights. 

Extract  from  the  epeech  of  Oouvemeur  Morrie  in  the  Senate  tf  the  United 
Stateti  I^b.  16, 1803,  on  Mr.  Rott'e  retolutien  to  take  immediate  poteeerioti 
tf  the  iatand  i^  ^exo-Orleant. 

"  Yes  Sir,  we  wish  fat  peace;  but  how  is  that  blessing  to  be  preserved  I 
I  shell  repeat  here  a  sentiment  I  have  often  had  occasion  to  express :  lA  my 
epiidon  there  i»  nothing  worth  Jtghling  for  but  nationdt  honour  ;  for  in  the  n'a- 
tional  honour  it  iwvohed  the  nationtU  independence.  I  know  that  a  state  may 
find  itself  in  such  unpropitious  circumstances,  that  prudence  may  force  a 
vise  government  to  conceal,  the,  sense  of  indignity;  but  the  insult  should  be 
engraved  on  tables  of  brass,  with  a  pencil  of  steel,  and  \  .len  that  time  and 
chance  which  happen  to  all,  shall  bring  forward  the  favourable  moment,  then 
kt  the  avenging  arm  strike  home.  It  is  by  avowing  and  maintaining  this 
stem  principus  of  honour,  that  peace  can  be  pi«served ;  he  will  feel  with  me 
that  our  natiotuil  hotuntr  it  the  bett  lecurittffor  our  peace  and  protperity'i  that 
it  involves  at  once  our  wealth  and  nur  power;  and  in  this  view  of  tlie  subject 
I  must  contradict  a  sentiment  which  &11  from  my  honourable  colleague  (Mr. 
Clinton.)  He  telh  us  that  the  principle  of  this  country  is  peace  and  com- 
merce. Sir,  the  avowal  of  suc^jt  principle  will  leave  us  neither  commerce 
nor  peace.  It  invites  othei^'  to  prey  on  that  commerce  which  we  will  not 
protect,  and  share  the  wealth  we  dare  not  defend.    But  let  it  be  known  that 


iwouysBauNm 


tttmU  kutmwt  mi  rt— *  wk»  wuU  hum  atMuatHl  U,  ttiU  kmart  ^gtu." ' 


flfMf  lA*  Am  «MHi(|f  *i  AArm  ^  M. 


••  Whj  not  put  •  ferce  At  his  (tlw  preiidiM'i)  ditp«Ml  with  which  he  om 
•trOM?  With  which  h«eMihaT«»pkdte  for  yolkrfutuMwalMMiBfi  When 
the AtkMticcaMtbwittinffahcUthtirMcurttyiMlMthjryoMr votes)  Are 
you  cure  that  yo«  will  ever  afMii  find  the  Mkine  diepositiMi  t  C»«  you  recall 
the  dedeive  monent  that  ma^  heppen  in  a  month  after  our  adjournment  I 
Heretofore  you  have  diatnieted  the  Atlantic  ptatee  \  now,  when  they  offer  to 
pledfe  themaelves*  meet  them*  and  cloee  with  the  propoeal.  If  the  reaolu> 
tions  are  toe  atronf  ,  new  model  them  \  if  the  roeaauree  are  not  adcquatCi  pro* 
poee  other  and  mor*  effoctual  meaturee.  But  ae  you  value  the  best  intereita 
of  the  Weetem  eeuntry,  and  the  union  with  the  Atlantic,  aeiae  the  present 
occasion  of  securing  it  forever.  For  the  Mesent  is  only  a  question  of  how 
Vttch  power  the  eiecutive  shall  have  for  tne  attainment  of  this  great  end,  and 
no  man  desirous  of  the  end  nught  to  reflise  the  necessary  means  for  attaining 
h.  Tour  vMes  decide  tiie  direction  this  senate  will  take.  And  I  devoutly 
wish  it  may  be  one  we  shall  never  repent.** 

,  The  Mtuae  of  eomplaint  ia  1808»  wm  mueh  greater  than 
In  tSOS.  Bat  it  bears  no  eomparisoa  to  the  ^ievaneei  ia 
181S.  In  iSOtfy  betldet  the  lawleii  depredations  on  oar  vei- 
■els  at  lea*  withont  notice*  we  were  Interdicted  merely  from 
tradiaf  wIMi  the  eoloiies  o^the  French  and  8paniardi  on 
other  termi  than  theypcrmitted  in  time  of  peace.  How  far 
this  was  beneath  the  grieyancei  that  led  to  war»  will  appear 
ia  the  next  chapter. 

liBt  nt  tee  how  far  mi^jor  Ruesell  was  eoniistenton  thc>> 
ptrint  of  peace  and  war  in  1806. 

<*  The  disputes  between  this  country  and  England,  so  long  attended  with 
rigour  on  her  part,  and  liynry  on  ours,  will  not  admit  of  much  longer  vain 
oomplainta  and  harsh  recriminations.  Thtj/  mutt  t^riimate  tAtr^  in  the  ti- 
tenet  ^wtwr  p*ace. 

**  At  the  renewal  of  the  present  war,  we  had  proceeded  for  some  time  with 
all  the  ardour  and  seal  of  good  fortune.  We  have  been  stopped  again  in  our 
career  by  the  renewal  of  harsh  and  veutioua  restHetions  on  the  part  of  En< 
gland.  She  has  again  appealed  to  principles  which  we  cannot  admit,  and 
churned  as  rights,  what  we  cannot  grant  her  even  as  an  mdulgence.  In  the 
exercise  of  these  aaaumed  rights,  we  find  a  serious  source  of  complaint;  for 
it  has  ooet  us  much.  It  is,  however,  nothing  novel.  It  is  but  a  renewal  of 
the  Uijuries  we  complmned  of  in  1703."    Boston  Centinel,  Feb.  5, 1806. 

**  They  [the  democrats  in  cmgress]  dare  not  resist  all  aggressions  alike, 
and  assume  the  part  of  spirited  impartiality  as  a  magnanimous  policy  re- 
quires.  If  war  is  called  for  by  the  insulted  honour  of  our  country— if  the  cup 
of  .conciliation  is  drained  to  the  dregs,  as  they  declare  it  to  be,  Q^  LET 
WAR  BE  DECLABEI),— <d*  I'B!!  AN  EMBARGO  BE  LAm-adequate 
fiinds  provided— the  strong  arm  of  defence  nerved  and  extended— and  a  pow- 
crfhl  navy  ordered.  In  these  measures  the  whole  country,  from  Georgu  to 
Maine,  convkwed  of  their  necessity,  will  be  united.**  Boston  Centinel,  Feb. 
1%1806. 

*<  I  do  not  believe  we  shall  have  war  with  any  nation.  But  our  peace  inU 
teat  the  expetue  ^  ewr  tpMi!*    Boston  Centinel,  March  8, 1806. 

<*  Our  mmisters  in  Europe— May  they  never  hesitate  to  PREFER  WAR  to 
dishonour  or  tribute."  Toast  drank  at  the  Artillery  Election.  From  the 
Boston  C^tinel,  June  4^  1806. 


ISEOIiiyE 


JVwN  Watkb^ftmt,  J— tuy  S3i  1106. 

"  Ffart  prejudloet  or  pnmt  othtr  ^artanl^  priMiplit  ia  eMiti«M% 
liif  thMNitti  ofour  rukrti  ind  Um  lei4  e»SU  of  our  eountrj,  Itseoaunmte, 
and  gfmkA  mcrchMtt,  for  «itvg«tie  iMMures,  te  ttnlM»u<  or  dUremidod. 
Jtifyfitm  art,  fA«l  |A«  pmUhmt»mn0i^rtt  nMTmilf  *«  tuppirttd  If  «*m^  db> 
lofM,  tr  Aen  and  M  rtptirtt. 

Mr.  JTm*^  Um  toVd,  kMVwr  mveh  ii\)ttted  hit  hwlUi  bgr  tM  tatrtkM 
beitMldberotohATcaMdoduriflf  ibotimetkohottMwaaineMdlnf.  lit 
bM  not  ■ttended  the  houM  fcr  Mvml  cUjrtt  And  is  skk.  Froin  one  qoartor 
or  another,  the  proaoadteg*  of  the  houwt  wiMn  in  MOiot  hmImi,  aiv  mldng 
out.  My  inqniriM  load  no  to  btlieve,  that  in  tha  tpirtM  maaMiroa  which 
Jhmdriph  firopotcd  for  mmpoiting  tkt  ftrttUtnfi  oonMential  niaawfa,  ha 
was  joined  by  trmyfidertMH  in  the  house  i  by  a  majority  of  the  Vtrgma  re« 
presentation  and  some  others  i  but  that  he  was  in  the  amsfA^  /  and  ftirtber, 
that  he  was  opposed  by  ali  the  New-ltngknd  democrats  to  a  man  1 1  !**  Boa* 
ton  CcnUnel,  January,  1804. 

**Our  seamen  ate  impressed— they  ajre  captured— thinr  are  impriaonedU— 
they  are  treated  with  almost  every  kind  of  indignity,  while  pursuinc  their 
lawful  business  in  a  regular  manner.  How  long  must  this  be  bomeT  Raa 
our  government  yet  to  leam,  that  m  naHtn  tver  wat  tr  tvtr  -miU  tt  rttpteitd 
aittodt  Imt  in  prtpmrtim  at  it  txaett  rttpect  bjf  pmdthhig  wunttn  inmtUt  uptn 
Ht  dign^,  tmdtHimttti  defirtda$iim  upm  thifr^trtjf  nfiit  eUiMtni  t  that  iU 
doingjustice  to  other  nations  cannot  secure  it  respect,  unloaa  it  haaboth 
ability  and  disposition  to  enforce  measures  of  justice  from  them,  and  that 
constant  Armneas  of  national  attHuda  and  eonduet  prevent  insults,  wbi&s  pu- 
sUUuiimity  invites  them*"    New<Hampshire  Oaaetta,  July  3t',  1805. 

TO  WHOM  IT  8U1T8. 

**  Look  at  the  situation  ofour  sea-coast,  defenceless,  a  prey  to  picaroons, 
privateers,  and  armied  vessels  of  all  nations.  Our  ports  bloekaded,  our 
eoastem  and  shipping  robbed,  our  ibrti  insulted,  our  harbours  converted  into 
private  depots,  where  the  very  vessels  which  rob  and  disgraee  us,  are  sup* 
plied  with  provisions,  stores,  and  God  knows  what;  and  where  it  is  more  turn 
probable  they  have  their  agenU,  cohfederatew,  or  copartners.  See  the  pow< 
ers  of  Europe  acting  towards  America,  as  if  it' were  meant  to  insult  her,  or 
rather,  indeed,  sporting  with  her  tameness  in  the  eyes  of  the  looking  on  world. 
Disagreeing,  fighting,  and  at  enmity  with  each  other  in  every  Uimg  ebe,  in 
tbi'  one  thmg  they  perfectly  agree,  in  trtotinf  America  wM  iudigtdt^,  intuit, 
and  deriding  etntempt. 

"  Are  you  yet  aware,  su*,  when  it  will  end?  Are  you  sure  tliat  if  neglected 
it  will  not  amount  to  a  height  too  great  to  be  reached  without  atnunings 
that  may  produce  fatal  convulsions  in  the  state?  For  God's  sake,  for  the  ho- 
nour of  your  country,  fOr  your  own  credit,  route,  let  Itttt  the  tpirit  ^  the 
cotmrry,  let  loote  itt  money-hagt,  and  lavt  itt  hmtur/  the  natitn  taiU  tne  and 
aUtupportgtu.    New-Hampshire  Gazette,  Jan.  31, 1805. 

In  t807.  tlie  cause  of  complaint  vras  still  less  substantial 
than  in  either  of  the  other  instances. 

Not  to  tira  the  reader  with  proofs  of  the  public  elamours 
for  war  at  this  period,  I  deem  it  abundantly  suffloient  to  re- 
fer him  to  the  twentieth  ehapt.er  of  this  Work,  wherein  he 
will  find  evidenee  to  satisfy  the  most  incredalous. 

I  must  bo  pavdoned  for  declaring,  that  any  man  who  was 
a  partisan  of  war  in  the  above  eases,  and  reprobates  the  re- 
cent war  as  unjust  and  unnecciKsarf,  betrays  a  most  awAil 
degree  of  ineonsistency.  And  yet  it  is  an  indisputable  fketf 
that  the  most  Yioletit^  the  most  clamorous,  the  most  Jaco- 
binical, and  Uie  most  leditiousi  among  the  late  **  Friends  of 


Pmwt"  were  nmong  th«  RiMt  itrtmMnt  adTOMtei  lbr»  And  ^ 
«•  J'HamI*  ^  IFar"  on  the  fomer  oewiiioni. 

The  Bokton  Centinel.  wfi^r  (he  d^elaraaon  of  hJBtlll- 
iieii*  regHiiled  vrar  ai  the  noit  frightful  of  lUl  ponlblrieTili. 
Bat  thU  was  not  alwayn  itk  vinw  of  the  tul^cet*  Wlthla  a 
fortnight  ufttT  Inyins  the  enlhftrgo«  th«t  mcMSM  wm  pro- 
Dounocd  more  foi^mldnble  than  war  itself. 

'<Tbv  eaibMfOi  whieh  the  government  bM  juit  Uidt  U  nf  •  mw  and  •Iwm- 
ing  n«ture.  (O*  ^<*'*>  J'***"!  im  tht  tvU  t»,  hat  Itu  tttrmr,  and  -mUl  prttluet  kn 
mktrg  than  «»  «imhurr»  m  tueh  prime^t.**  Boston  Centinel,  January  3, 18M. 


I 


CnAPTEllXLIV. 

Inq^ryi  inlo  the  justice  (^  ihe  War.  Awft^  accuiatioiu 
aguinMt  the  Oovernnient.  PreMdent**  Jtie»$u§e,  Beport  of 
Voinmittce  t^  Ctn^ai*.  BritMi  depredatione.  Trade  ef 
the  Unitbd  States  annilHfated  ifiith  50,000,000  &f  the  inha- 
litants  qf  Europe, 

Trosr  Who  w«ro  unaeqitalntcd  ii?hh  the  nantes  (hat  led 
to  the  late  war.  niighl,  from  Ihe  pnblioatlons  that  appeared 
against  it^  bclievv  that  the  UnUod  States  were  ivhollv  the 
ASf?i^*(^i** — ^^^^  England  had  been  a  lame  and  submissive 
sufferer  of  depredation,  outrage,  and  insult-— and  (hat  our 
rulors  had  been  wantonly  led«  by  inordinate  and  accursed 
ambidon,  to  engage  in  a  ruinous  and  destructive  \rar»  in 
order  to  enricji  (bemselves — s()uander  away  the  publie 
treasure — and  impoverish  the  nation.  They  were,  it 
would  appear,'  actuated  by  as  unholy  modyes  as  ever  im- 
pelled Attila.  (trnghiH  Klian,  or  Bonaparte,  to  perpetrate 
outrage  and  ornrlty  to  the  ulmost  extent  of  their  power, 
-  These  allegations  wreir  made  in  the  strongest  language  in 
the  public  papers  in  London.  The  prince  regent  appealed 
to  the  world  tiiat  Great  Britain  had  not  been  the  aggressor 
in  the  war.  And  the  lords  of  the  admiralty  asserted  that 
wftr  was  declared  **  after  atlthejgrievanees  of  this  country 
had  been  removed.** 

The  federal  papers  re>echoed  and  magnified  the  aocusa- 
tlons  of  the  British  writers;  and  succeeded  so  far  as  to  in- 
flame a  large  portion  of  the  publie  with  the  most  frantic  ex- 
asperation against  the  ruler$  of  their  elioice*  whom  they 
suspected  of  having  abusedt  heir  eunfidenoe.        ' 

Governors  of  states  in  their  addresses,  as  well  as  senates 
and  houses  of  representatives  in  their  replies,  took  the  same 
,ground<>*-and  assumed  guilt,  and  profligacy^  and  corruption) 
lis.  the  parents  of  the  declaration  of  war. 


The  hbsM  of  r»prei«nUtlYM  •TllAfMokiUetto,  MMrdlfM 
of  ltU;|«ly  rul«,  •'Jttds0  n»t,  IMI  yo»  hejvdgti>*'  la  tlM  WMt 
ttnqoJfeed  aiiiniier,  with  un  utter  drntltutieii  •!  the  iMMt 
Mnibhiiloe  of  otmrlty,  aiMrft«  tlMtt 

**  T|ie  ml  atuM  of  the  wur  in«Mt  b«  traced  to  tho  trtt  ■jrtteOMi^al  etepi* 
doniMnt  of  the  piilky  of  WMhing«M  and  the  fWetids  and  fhutiart  df  the  «M* 
■dtutibn  I  to  iifiDlaeabk  atiimosity  agaimt  tboae  men,  and  tbc^r  uiiimimi 
exclusion  frum  aA  coiieem  in  the  gofernment  of  the  countrpr»  to  tfce,ii^>taiii0o 
nf  worthleu  foreignen  over  the  preai,  and  the  deliberationa  i  ^the  gorenu 
ment  in  M  its  branehcat— to  ajtalmug  ^thtetmmtrtlnl  tuuu,*  fiar  ^thrir 
p»wtr,  etHtemp*  ^  tMr  tttrtuttt,  and  igtwratte*  aftMr  It  r  rAonlMwr  ontf 
imptrtaneii  i—U*  tlw  ciipiaity  of  certain  atktea  (br  the  wUdbi-oeaa  roMivtod  ftw 
the  miserable  aborigines  i  to  a  violent  passion  fbr  eonquest,**  kc. 

Wit|i  equal  candour*  the  Mn«te  of  thmt  ttatOi  not  to  ^ 
otttdono  by  the  other  legliletive  hr«ieh«  deelere.  tket 

"  rcj"  Tht  -mnr  vmu  Jiuntkd  in  faltthfi,  (J^  dtclartd  idthtm*  mtnttiif,  mtd 
^iU  real  o&/>e«  wo*  •xttnt  ^ terriffy 6^  ui^tul  «9itfuMt»,  aiMf  (C^le  aUth' 
kl$  tyrant  t/ Europe  in  hit  vic»  ^  tiggrofuUMetiunt.** 

In  thete  awful  aoeusatieni,  there  it  no  allowanee  P,-  ''i* 
man  imperfisetion— (br  error  In  judgment<~-fbr  diffemre  of 
opinion.  They  are  preferred  in  th^  strangest  form  whteti 
our  language  admitst  and  involve  the  highest  popsiblede- 
gree  of  tur|>itude. 

If  these  ailegntions  be  true,  the  President  vrho  reeont- 
mended  war,  and  the  legislature  of  the  United  States  ''^hieh 
deehtred  it,  have  betrayed  their  trust,  and  are  base*  abao- 
doDcd,  and  wicked.  If  they  be  fhlse*  the  legislature  of 
MasMohusetts  are  base*  abandoned^  and  wieketl.  There  is 
BO  alternative.  One  or  other  deseription  of  persons  must 
link  in  the  estimation  of  eotemporarles  and  posterity. 

Let  us  examine  the  ease.  Let  us  invr^tii^ate  the  tratii. 
If  ouf  ruters  be  thus  base— thus  abandonee  "^hus  irieked--* 
thus  oorrupt — let  them  lie  devoted  to  the  iletestatlon  they 
have  so  riebly  earned.  But  if  the  allegations  he  false-^ 
the  war  wereju8t<->if  (lie  nation  drar^^  the  ehiiUee  of  out- 
rage, insult,  injury,  and  depredation,  to  the  last'dregs,  be- 
fore she  had  roeourse  to  airms,  lei  us,  at  every  hasard,  eling 
to  our  rulers— to  our  foi^m  of  government— to  the  national 
honour— to  the  national  interest. 

The  conduet  of  Great  Britain  to  this  country  for  a  series 
of  years,  had  been  a  constant  sueeessiun  of  insult,  aggres- 
sioQ,  and  di^predation.  Our  barlmurs  had  been  insultea  afid 
outraged— our  commerce  had  been  most  wantonly  spolia- 
ted—our citizens  bad  been  euilayed,  seourged,  and  slaugli- 
teix>d,  iigluing  the  battles  of  those  who  held  them  in  cruel 
bondoge.    We  had,  in  a  word,  experienced  numberless  ami 

•  Tlie  absurdity  and  total  wanlj  of  foutidatioa  of  these  allegations  I  shall 
fnlly  establish  in  a  subseq'icris  cliapltT. 

Ff 


1Mi6 


tBROUlTMmtANim. 


I 


iiHi¥t  wanton  i^fiiries  AM  Qtttniges  of  Tariom  kinds.  But 
iht  ti^o  jNTomiiieiit  eauses  of  the  wai^  Msigned  by  «tlM  Preil 
dent  in  tliat  meisage  nrhicfh  T«ooininended»  aod  oy  l§k  «oni 
n^ttee  in  the  report  whioh  oontained;  a  deeUnratioii  of  war, 
were  impressment  atpd  tlpe  orders  in  connciK  I  shall  pro 
ee^  to  the  examinaUon  of  both  topees.  But  I  previously 
quote  the  words  of  thiemessage  and  of  the  rcfort*  On  the 
sufegeot  of  Impressment*  the  .n«sident  states, 

'*  l^be  pnctioe  U  w  fiur  frqin  affecting  British  •ubjectt  alone,  that,  under 
the  pretext  of  aearching  for  tbeae,  THOUSANDS  OF  AMERICAN  CITI^ 
ZENS,  ui^ler  the  aafeguard  of  public  :law,  and  their  national  fSag,  have  been 
torn  m>m  their  eoiintty,  and/rwn  every  thing  dear  to  them ;  have  hern  drag^- 
«4  on  board  ahips  of  war  of  a  foreign  natiOh  i  and  exposed,  under  the  severi- 
ties df  their  discipline,  to  be  exiled  to  the  most  distant  and  deadly  clitties; 
to  risk  thenr  lives  in  the  battles  of  their  oppressors,  and  to  be  the  melancholy 
inttnimeiits  of  taking  away  those  of  their  own  bijetbren,'* 

And  the  eommittee,  on  the  same  topio,  state, 

**  We  will  now  praceed  to  other  wrongs  which  have  been  more  severely 
feU.  Among  these  is  THE  1MP»BSSM£NT  OF  OUR  SEAMEN,  a  prac- 
tice which  has  been  unceasingly  muatained  by  Great  Britain  in  the  wars  to 
which  she  has  been  a  party  since  oar  revolution.  Four  committee  canmicm- 
veg  t^  adequate  tetnu  tJie  d^ep  aetite  vhich  they  entertain  of  the  injwtiee  aid 
»^r<g»tien  »/ thi»  preeetiUng.  UHdertbe  pretext  cif  impressing  British  sea- 
men, our  ftUow-citizens  are  seized  in  British  ports,  on  the  high  seas,  and  in 
evei^  other  .quarter  to  whidi  the  British  power  extends;  are  taken  on  board 
British  men  of  war,  and'compelled  to  serve  there  as  British  subjects.  In  this 
tnode  our  citizens' are  wantonly  snatched  from  their  country  md  theirftmi- 
Ues  I  deprived  of  their  liberty  i  doomed  to  an  ignominious  and  shnrish  bon- 
dage t  compelled  to  fight  the  battles  of  a  foreign  country— ^pd  often  to  perish 
in  them.  Our  flag  has  given  them  no  protection;  it  nas  been  unoeasingly 
violated,  and  our  vessels  exposed  td  duigtsr  by  the  loss  of  tlie  m^ti  talen 
finite  them.  Your  committee  need  not  remirk,  that  while  the  practice  is 
xontiUued,  IT  IS  lMI>OSSiBL£  FOR  THE,  UNITED  ST AlliS  TOCON- 
SIDEIt  THEMSELVES  AN  ^NDEFENDFiNT  NATION.  Ever^  new  tase 
is  a  proof  of  their  degradation.  Its  continuance  is  the  more  unjr.stifiable, 
because  the  tTiiitiid  Statet  Have  repeatedly  propoted  to  the  SrUiih  gwemment 
CM  a>  :rai^gemenf»k^h  woutd  eeettre  to  it  the  controi  ofita  own  people.  An  ex- 
emption of  the  oitiaeQ«:of  the  United  States  from  this,  dfgraaing  oppression, 
and  their  flag  ^m  violation^  is  all  that  they  h|ive  sou|^t'' 

On  the  orders  in  eouncil,  the  president  observes, 

**  Under  pcetended  blockades,  nolhout  the  presence  of  an  adeqw^  force, 
and  sometimes  without  the  practicability  of  applying  one,  OUR  COM- 
MlBRCE  HAS  BEEN  PLUNDERED  iN  EVERY  SEA.  The  great  staples 
of  our  country  have  been  cut  off  from  their  legitimate  markets ;  and  a  de- 
str^ttitive  blow  aimed  at  our  agricultimd  and  maritime  interests!  In  aggra- 
vaticMi.  of  these  predatory  meaiur^s,  they  have  been  conoidered  aa  in  force /rem 
the  Jkte  tf  their  tutigcation  ,•  a  retrospective  effect  being  thus  added,  as  has 
been  done  in  other  important  cases,  to  the  unlawfulness  of  the  course  pursued. 
And  to  render  the  Outrage  the  more  signal,  these  mock  blockades  have  been 
reiterated  and  enforced  m  tiw  fiwc  of  oflScial  communications  from  the  Bri- 
tish government,  declaring,  as  the  true  definition  of  a  legal  blockade,  "  that 
particular  potts  must  be  actually  invested;  and  previous  wuning  given  to 
vessels  bound  to  them,  not  to  enter." 

**  Not  content  with  these  occasional  expedients  for  laying  waste  our  neu- 
tral trade,  the  cabkiet  of  Great  Britain  resorted,  at  length,  to  the  sweeping 
system  of  blockades,  under  the  name  of  orders  in  council,  which  has  been 


TDIB  OI4yE  BHANCH.. 


Wf 


moulded  ndntanaged,  as  n^t  best  suit  its  p<ditical  views,  its  commeroial 
jealousies,  or  the  avidity  of  nritish  cruisers.**/  .  '  ' 

Andthe  comiiiitteestotes^       < 

Ay  UwflMen  in  council  of  the  UUi  of  November,  180f, 
•*  the  Bt>itish  gowmment  deelared  direct  and  positive  War  itgidnst  tbe 
United  SUtes.    Thi  dmMm  of  the  teeHn  waa  ctmpietefy  u$iirp»d  iw-itf  dU 
nmmereefurtiddni  and  eveiy  flag- driven  fiom  it,  or  sut|ieeted  wcaptare 
and  condemnation,  which  did  not  iubserve  the  policy  of  the  Britidi  gvvetn* 
ment  by  pttging  it  a  trUmte  and  uUUitg  under  He  atmrnen.    Frtmttdt  perieif^ 
the  United  Statet  have  ineurred  the  heavieatbeeet  and  meat  werHJying  kmOU^:^ 
tma.    The^  have  berne  the  calaadHea  of -mar  -without  retorting  them  «n  iti^ 
authora.'*  vS 

I  sbiUl  diseuw  eaoli  item  separately. 
1.  Orders  ikCtmneSL 

To  repel  the  oharge  of  the  war  being  "faunitd  ilnfaU^ 
hood,*'  so  far  as  respeets  this  item*  it  would  be  suffieient  to 
establish  their  existenee  on  the  day  wAr  was  deelared.  Thit 
is  obvious.  For  if  they  existed,  then  the  war  oould  not  be 
•'/oimd«d  infaUehood,**  But  I  shall  not  rest  satisfied  with 
this  alone.  *  '  ^ 

War  was  deelared  at  Washington  dh  the  ISthof  June, 
1812.  The  repeal,  as  it  is  eallra,  of  the  orders  in  eouneil* 
took  plaee  on  the  SSd  of  that  month  in  Ijondon.  It  i«  elear^ 
therefore,  that  the  ehar|ge  of  *' falsehood"  here  is  ntteriy 
nnFounded. 

By  an  offioial  statement  presented  to  eongress  by  tlie  te* 
eretary  of  state  on  the  «th  of  July,  1813,  it  i^pears  that 
the  British  captures,  priof  to  the  orders  in  eouneil»  were 
628,  and  subsequent  thereto  889. 

It  is  difficult  for  me  to  form  an  estimate  of  the  Talne  of 
these  vessels.  I  am  no  merehant,  and  have  no  adequate 
data  to  guide  me.  I  have  enquired  of  mercantile  ohan^e- 
ters,  and  have  been  told,  that  from  the  great  value  of  the 
cottons,  tcbaec'oes,  &c.  of  the  outward  ^cargoes  to  France, 
and  the  silks,  brandies,  &c.  of  the  homeward  eai^^s,  80 
or  40,000  dollars  would  be  a  fair  average.  But  I  will  sup* 
pose  25,000  dollars  for  vessel  and  cargo,  whifh,  I  pre- 
sume, is  not  extravagant.  This  extends  to  the  enormous 
ainoantof  18,200,000  dollars, 

depredated  previous  to  the  orders  In  council ;  and 

9,726,000  dollars, 

during  the  existence  of  those  orders;  for  the  latter  of 
which  there  was  not  the  least  chance  of  redress. 

The  sum,  of  which  our  citizens  were  despoiled,  by  no 
means  oonsiitutes the  whole  of  the  grievance.  The  enormous 
limitation  and  restriction  of  the  trade  of  a  suvereig^n  and 
independent  nation,  was  at  least  of  equal  magnitude^  in  point 
of  outrage,  with  the  pecuniary  loss;  for  it  is  a  sacred  and 


1' .  -ihf^ 

m  '  r 


'  t. 


il8 


TH6  <»Ll¥E'BllkN$H. 


iniliBplitable  truth,  that  fVoin  N«t.  11,  1807,  till  the  dav 
WM'  wafr  deelared,^^*  •Amerfedit  sMpff  QJ*  owned  by>}tne- 
Wcan  merehanto,  O*  Hat^jEif f d  Vy  Jimerfean  Beamm*  and 
Q3^]MeH  vfiiH  J^mriean  produi^iom^  QJ*  iven  mbU  to 
9d%ure  and  co^4^mfia(ion  (rp  if  bound  t<:|  France,  Holhnd, 
or  the  noHhem  fart  of  Jftttly.  \ 

I  implore  the  reader,  by  all  that  is  oandid,  to  consider 
thii||iiigle  lentenee.  .  lUt  litm  read  it  onoe  more  carefully. 
It .  it  a  fiiir  atatement  of  the  relative  utuation  6t  th^  two 
countries.  QJ*  The  commerce  of  the  United  Slates  with 
nearly  one  third  of  the  population  of  Eurofjje  was  ev^ect  to 
eondemnatUm !  Let  him  lay  ihis  hand  on  his  heart*  and  an- 
swer the  question,  was  not  this  adequate  cause  for  war? 
lITas  not. this  a  greater  grievance  than  the  sixpenny  tax  on 
tea,  wliieh  .led  to  the  American  Revolution  ?  H$ve  not 
more  than  nine  tenths  of  ail  the  wars  that  have  ever  existed, 
been  deeliired  for  less  causes  ?  We  were  forbidden  by  Great 
Britain*  QJ^  under  penalty  of  confiscation*  to  carry  on  trade 
with  (tP*  above  fifty  mulions  of  the  inhahiiants  of 
l^rope.  4Dd  yet  we  are  griiVely  told.  *'  (he  war  was  found- 
ed in  falsehood ! !  !**    Wonderful,  wonderful  delusion ! ! 

QJTtSLt  that  period  MugUmd  herself  carried  on  with 
France  and  her  dependencies,  under  licenses,  Q:y  the  vavij 
trade  vfhich  she  rendered  ill^al  when  carried  on  by  the  Uni- 
ted States  J.'!  Jind  several  tAmeriean  vessels,  bound  for 
France,  and  taken  by  Britisf^  cruixers,  were  actually* 
Qj^ioithout  breaking  bulk,  taki^i  into  French  pdrts  by  the 
captors,  or  those  wlut  purchased  from  tlum.'.' ! 

Having  presented  to  the  reader  a  short  specimen  of  the 
denunciations  of  the  war,  I  lay  before  hiui  some  opinions  oi' 
a  direetly  contrary  tendency. 

The  first  authority  is  highly  exalted  and  respeotable,.  It 
is  no  less  than  the  Emperor  Alexander.  This  monarcli,  in 
the  v<>i'y  commendable  offer  of  his  mt^diatiun,  declares, 
tliat 

'•  iBa  majesty  takes  pleasure  in  doing  justice  to  the  wisdom  of  the  United 
States,-  «na  i»  convinced  that  OCjf>tl  has  done  alt  that  it  could,  to  avoid  thi^ 
rupiure.** 

The  next  authority  is  Governor  Plumer,  of  New-IIani|i 
shire,  who  in  a  short  speech  to  the  legitilature  of  that  blato, 
>0v.  18,  1812,  states  that  Great  Britain 

-  •*  Has  for  a  scries  of  yenrs  by  her  conduct  evinced  a  de?ully  Iiostility  to  oiiv 
national  rights,  to  our  commerce,  pence  and  prosperity.  She  has  wuiilohk. 
ini/iretsed  thonsunda  of  our  unoffending  seamen  s  immured  them  xeithin  the  viiih 
Vj'*''  ftftating  castles  /  (Jjp  held  them  in  servitude  for  an  unl  mitcd  psrioJ. 
dj' of  (en  for  life;  and  compelled  them  to  figlit,  not  only  wali  nutions  mil 
whom  wg  wei-c  at  peace,  but  to  turn  theii-  arms  ajjaiiist  their  own  couiun 


TBB^  aUITE  BSAN€H 


MS 


Ska  hot' viokued  the  right$  andptace  ^mr  toaaUt  tmantutlj/  ahad  the  kbad  »/ 
akr  dtixatu  in  our  Mrinwat  uiid  initeaii  of  punuhin|p  hai  rewarded  hv  B*^^ 
officen.  Under  pretended  bjockiidei,  unaccompanied  by  tbe  praaenoe  or  an 
adequlite  fbrc6,  abe  has  uiyustly  d^rnred  ua  orf  <i  roarltat  fcr  tne  prodnota  of 
our  induatry  s  and,  by  her  wdera  in  councU  baa,  to  a  great  extent,  •wi^<«w 
omtnMrda  /ram  ihi  acaon  .•  thuB'  aaauming  a  right  to  rttniUte  uur-ibreigRtrtf^ 
in  war,  and  laying  a  foundation  to  preacribe  law  fiar  uS  in  tinml  of  ^eaSe.  Ske 
hat  parndttad  her  auhfaeta  pubUcbf  tafvrga  and  vend  aur  aUpif  pafara,  to  aarru 
on  a  cammarca  with  that  vary  aneti^  fram^ahoH  porta  aha  interdietad  ant  trade. 
Whilat  her  accredited  anihiater,  under  the  nask  of  ftiendabip,  waa  treating 
with  our  gQvemmient,  her  fipies  were  endeavouring  to  alienate  our  cttizenv 
jubvert  our  government,  and  dismember  the  union  of  tlie  states." 

ThjB  scQate  of  Ma88,a«hu8ettS4  June  86, 1 81 2*  agreed  union 
'an  addreat  to  the  peoplDjif  tJbiit  atate>  of  wUen  I  fulyoiii 
two  paragraphs— ,         -r/'^-]^;^  i-  ■,.,;  i^<f;v-' 

"  We  will  not  enter  into  a  detail  of  the  injuries  inflicted  on  us,.nor  of  the 
flimsy  ptetexts  bv  which  Great  Britain  has  endeavoured,  to  jus^fy  her  out- 
I'ages.  It  is  sumcient  to  say,  that  she  no  longer  pretends  to  disguise  her 
ambitious  design^,  under  pretence  of  retaliation  on  Aer  enemy.  ^  She  aaterta 
her  right  to  unbounded  dominion,  only  because  she  aaaumes  unbouitdeti 
powei*.  She  aiinexe^  conditions  to  the  repeal  of  her  orders  in  council,  which 
she  knows  we  have  no  right  to  require  of  her  enemy-pwliich  abe  knows  are 
impossible — thus  adding  insult  to  injury — ^thus  adding  mockery  to  her  long 
tfain  of  perpetrated  injuries.  With  the  boldneta  of  the  highwayman^  ahe  hat, 
at  laat,  atr^ppedthe  mcuk/rem  vioienee,  and  vindicates  her  aggressiCns  on  the 
only  plea  of  tyrants,  tliat  of  whim  and  convenience. 

"  It  was  not  sufficient  that  we  were  remote  from  European  politics,  and 
courted  peace  under  every  sacrifice ;  acquiesced  in  minor  injuries ;  remon* 
strated  againat  those  of  a  deeper  die ;  dO'/ofhore  until  forbearanee  became 
putiUa^fii'mity  /  and  finally  retired  Irom  the  scene  of  controversy,  with  the  de« 
lusive  hope  that  a  spirit  of  moderation  might  succeed  that  of  violence  and 
rapine.  Clj*  IVa  ivere  hunted  on  the  ocean.  Our  property  was  seized  upon  by 
the  convulsive  grasp  of  our  now  open  and  acknowledged  enemy,  and  Sj^oio* 
citizens  forced  into  a  cruel  and  ignoituniaui  vaaaalage.  And  when  we  retired, 
we  were  pursued  to  tite  thvesliold  ot  our  territory— outrages  of  an  enolrreous 
cast,  perpetrated  in  our  bays  and  harbours  ;  the  tomahawk  of  the  savage  up- 
lifted against  the  parent,  the  wife,  the  infant,  on  our  frontiers ;  and  spies  and 
incendiaries  sent  into  the  bosom  of  our  country,  to  plot  the  dismemberment 
uf  our  union,  and  involve  us  in  all  the  horrors  of  a  civil  war.    , ' 

"  The  constiti)t{;d  autliorities  of  the  United  States  in  congress  assembled, 
Rubmitthtg  file  justice  of  their  cause  to  the  God  of  battles,  have  at  length 
declared  war  against  this  implacable  {q« ;  a  war  for  the  liberty  of  our  citiiens  ,• 
ISj"  a  war  for  our  national  aovervi^nty  and  independence!  iXj"  a  roar  for  our 
republican  form  of  govarnment  agai.iat  the  macltinatiom  of  detpotiim.** 

On  the  26th  of  December,  1811.  the  legislature  of  Ohio, 
publtshed  a  resolution  and  address  on  tlie  subject  of  our 
foreign  relations,  in  which  they  pledged  themselves  to  a  full 
support  of  the  government,  in  the  event  of  a  declaration  of 
war.  This  pledge  they  have  nobly  redeemed.  1  submit 
ooe  parngi'aph  of  the  address. 

"  The  conduct  of  Great  Britain  towards  this  country  ik  a  gross  departure 
noni  the  known  ai\tl  c-stubUslied  lnws  of  nations.  Our  rigfhts,  as  well  those 
tlcrivcd  through  tiie  iuimeniorial  usujycs  of  nations,  as  thosfe  secured  by  cuni' 
pact,  have  been  outraged  witliout  acknowledj^inent — even  without  remorse. 
Solemn  stipulations  by  treaty  and  implied  encfajjetnents,  have  given  place  to 
Views  of  an  ovciTc.'vcl.ing-,  sclfiyh,  and  dcpr.vcd  pu'icy.    (f'j'  I'ife,  Uhrrty  and 


mm 


4  i  '^: 


'l\ 


■rra!  OUVB  BBANCB. 


^ 


The  iitr  of  ftMcktm  mm  of  tmpiurti»l  neuirRlity  hM  been  wiuitonly  inaultod. 
TVurt  ^  rA«  mfdbiM  und  •rphatu  ^f  murdirtd  ytmerkmu  Hum  Jt/tiid  im  vtWn. 
Our  oottniryiMA  hust  be«n  torn  Arom  ttw  cmhrrse  of  liberty  and  plenur  Tha 
oanb-of  corJiqpU,  llial.  fi«tenMl»  and  paternal  afitetidpti  nave  been  broken. 
(E^^Anwlmriwtc^  an^aManAN^t  uptnitt  tur/ac9 thavieUm  ^ttiptan md 
imffrtmmmt*.  Va;n  ••  every  ofibrt  aiid  aaorifics  for  an  honourable  aUte  of 
MMty  and  tranct  liUitv.  '  MiiMon  hM  fttUoffed  miaataiH-remeiMmiioe  haa 
tueoecded renuA ttra.oe— forb^anoe has  atepped  on  the  beela  of  forbear* 
anoe.  till  the  r!iit.4tevoiU  at  the  thotifht  of  a  prolonged  endoranoe.  Will 
the  neevieii  of  a,  atill  favoured  toil  unreatitinfty  groan  under  the  preaaure  of 
auch  ignominy  aiid  inauH?" 

Thto  MMte  of  MM^land,  on  tlie  SSd  of  Dee.  I8t2«  piM- 
led  »<iel  of  n^Mlutioni>  tppvoving  of  the  wftr»  from  wUeh  I 
suLtjoin  an  extraet.  * 

•*'Whenevei>  the  purauit  of  a  pacifto  policy  ia  rendered  utterly  ineonsistent 
with  the  national  intereat,  proaperity  and  happineu,  by  the  un^wtktd  ii\fui. 
Pie*  and  lamtttt  •tttnunt  o/*  a^rtignfvMr ;  whenever  thoae  righta  are  aa- 
aailed,  withnbt  the  full  ami  perfeet'«i\)oyment  of  which  a  nation  oan  no  h>nger 
claim  the  chaster  and  attributea  of  sovereignty  and  independence!  whenever 
the  right  of  a  ftee  people  to  navirats  the  common  higliway  of  naiiona,  for  tlie 
purpoae  of  tranaporting  and  vending  the  aurplua  produota  of  thei  aoil  und  in- 
iuatry  at  k  foreign  market,  ia  attempted  to  be  controllei.  and  subjected  to 
auoh  arbritaryiruwa  and  regulationa  aa  the  Jcalouty  or  injustice  of  a  foreign 
power  may  think  proper  to  prescribe  i  whenever  their  citiiens,  in  the  »x*ra»t 
f  thrir  wdinary  weupaHotu  and  labouring  ta  obtain  the  meant  ^  tubtittefue 
ar  thtmuetvf  and  their  famUiei,  are  torn  bg  the  mthlett  hand  tf  viettnet  jHm 
their  eenntrg,  their  eatmexiont,  and  their  hemei  /  whenever  the  tender  tics  of 
parent  iutd  child,  of  husband  und  wifo,  are  wholly  disregarded  by  the  irnxont 
M»  cruelty  ^fthe  wifeeHng  eppreeier,  who,  usurping  the  highperogative  (^'hn* 
ven,  and  anticipating  the  dread  office  of  death,  converts  those  sucrcd  relations 
unto  a  premature  orphanage  and  widowhood— not  that  orphanage  and  widow- 
liood  which  '{spring  from  Uie  gra%-e"  unlett  thejioatinf  t^igeent  inf  whith  thrg 
are  catt^nd  eompelkd  to, fight  the  battkt  of  their  oppret*»»,  may  he  compared 
to  the  aw/id  and  gloomy  maniiont  tf  the  tomh ;  whenever  iiyjuries  and  oppreiv> 
ions,  euoh  as  these,  are  inflicted  by  a  foreign  power,  upon  the  persona  and  pro- 
pertiea  of  our  citiaens,  and  an  appeid  it  thejuttiee  ^»ueh  power  to  obtain  re- 
dreat  provee  wAt%  hm/^m  and  unavailing  ,•  in  such  cases  it  ia  the  duty  of  those 
to  whom  thesacrud  trust  of  protecting  the  righta  of  the  citizen  and  the  honour 
of  the  nation,  is  confided,  to  talu  suoli  measure  i  as  tlie  exigency  of  the  case 
may  require,  to  protect  the  one,  and  vindicate  the  other !  Therefore 

**  Retohmd  that  the  vxir  waged  by  the  Utdted  Statet  agtdntt  Great  Britain,  ii 
juMtf  necettary  and  ^/tVtcv  eu^Al  to  be  tupported  by  the  wdled  alt  ength  ami  re- 
aourcea'ofthe  uatiott,  until  the  grand  object  ia  obtained/or  which  it  waa  declared** 

CH^PrERXLV. 

CoMiAemtion  of  the  Orders  in  Council  continued*  Strmg 
and  umquivocal  reprobation  of  them  by  Jamett  Lloyd  and 
Jamea  Bayard,  Ettqr»,  and  Qovernor  Urimt^old.  Hxtract 
of  a  letter  from  Harrison  Gray  OliSf  tsq. 

L  MitiUT  httvu  «lisiniissi>d  this  purt  of  my  subjctct  with 
(he  last  eiiapiei'.  But  as  it  is  of  vital  inipoi'ianee— as 
Great  Briiain  and  the  Dniled  Statu*",  ai«  at  issue  on  it  in 
tlie  faue  of  an  anxious  and  euquiiing  \vorId>  whose  judgment 


TBE  0I4TB  BRANCA. 


mi 


we  iiihiU  Oh  tke  ial^«6t-I  jttd|e  tt  aiviiahle  to  «Bter  into 
it  more  fully.    ,  ,    ;  ,/  •'  * 

Tho  only  defeii^eeverAlltell^jmitf  of  tbeie^^b^^^  pro- 

o^eidittgtlt  dhthf  prfneltflebf *«ntaHaH0|R^*'  'fbhtg^m- 
pletHy  intalidAted  by  Mr:  Bkrlug,  jm^%1SB»  Ult^j»'^^ 
eqoivoeallr  abandooe d  by  the  most  promiiient  ond  loAiMotitl 
lOOd^ff  of  the  fcdl^nil  party. 

Janiist  Lloyd,  Em.  senator  of  th^  United  Stateifor  t|ie 
•tatei»rMassa^h^lti,  a  niost  decided  federalist^  i  steady. 
vnd^tliUtig*  and  «eal9us  o'pposer  6t  the  administration  and 
of  a1l|ti  nieasures;  biis  prohotiniie^  sentenee  of  <^ndeiniia- 
tion«  in'  the  moi/t  utiequiVoeal  tef  tns,  upon  the  pretenOe  of 
retidiailon,  in  a  speech  deUvered  In  senate  ott  the  S8ib  <^ 

FebiHia^,  1813.    ■■■''  '  ; "'    ';V',V 

'Mttrf  A«w  U  ilpofsible,  that  OO*"  *Mf^  "nd  neutral  party  eon  make  Utetf 
O^a  fair  ahjt^  ^  ntiUtaHan,fir  ^mtantrei  itUeh  it  Otd  nH  ti&utueU- 
C7  wAieA  it  4Mn«V  0jl!^r<v»-^(O*wM«A  mUltat*  ttrongfywilh  it^  itMrtitt—. 
f^ifhicMititand  intr  ka$  IneH  aiueitutfy  dtrimut  fremtne-iMehUhaa 
rHitUdjtijf  evtrjf  maiu  in  ittfowir,  that  it  thtught  txptOtmU  to  uie,  and  tf 
itteM  m«ah»  th»  gtvtmmtnt  tfthe  tmaral  teuntrif  vugikt  to  bt  the  tott  Judges 
iiy-»kit^k  hat  oHdnnoured  to  got  rid  of  evtn  at  great  tiierifiettf'--^iiyhtrm 
it  it  ponHk  that  m  immIpaI  eetrntrg,  thvo  tondaeHHg^  am  titake  ittetf  a  fiOr  «^ 
jttt  tf  rotuHaliott  fir  moatweo  toMtk  it  dU  notoilsiiutie'^hieh  it  f-'ii  not 
prtvma,  omd  eoimot  cmitmiI /—Thui,  sirrto  my  view  the  oC^ORDfcflS  Vti 
COUNCIL  ARB  WHOLLY  UNJUSTIFIABLE.  LET  THRM  BR  HOT* 
TOMED  Ot^BrrUfcR  ON  tH2  FRlNCiPLB '  OF  RBTALIATIOir, 
ffi  OR  OF  BBLP4»RE8BRV>.T10K;*>  • 

Ii^ro'ni  M?>.  L!oyd*s  authprity  on  this  topic  I  presume  there 
will  be  Sio  aMpeai.  There  «ahnot  be.  His  decision  is  final. 
Bttt  i«nr  not  eOniined  to  Mri«  Lloyd.  Mr.  Bayard«  a  ftentle- 
man  of  equal  standing,  a  qiiondam  senator  of  the  Viiiited 
States  from  the  state  of  Delaware,  one  of  onih  late  cotnni^s- 
sienersat  OliOatj  also  a  decided  ftderalist,  pronounced  the 
same  seittenee  on  them*— in  a  speech  delivered  in 'die  senate 
Of  tbi)  fhiited  States,  Oetober  flil,  iMl-i%  ^    I  Kif#  U^a^*?'* 

''^^They  were  ado|itied  u  a  meiiore  of  retaliktioh,  thougfi  (tj*  theij  never  de- 
MrtwW  tkat  dMraattr.  He  had  Mtways  eonti4ei«d  4lie  &riin  and  Mihin  (But- 
creea  (Ji^THted^i  a  m^ro  pretext.  TJtoae  decr^ep  were  «»in;ai>dfi«pty  denuii' 
ciatioiu  in  relaUoi\  to  Englwtd.^   'He  plain  detigu  (ff  the  Mnti^/igovemtnent 


wqt  (C>  to  arrive  France  of  (Ae  hehtfite  if  etnental  cemnurce^  tu*  Ul^^L^SS 
THE  PROnTS  OF  Yf  WBKE  TO  BE  DIVIDED  WITH  HERr<BtF- 
fSy  TUt  waefuUjfpirmed  hy  lAe  Ikknte  trade.  (Xj'Mritcin  earriev  on  the  imy 
trade  «4»  deid^  to  neutraht  and  QCp^ /favinj-  engrooaod  ,tlte  vhele  to  hert^lf, 
^theexeludeineutrafffromapaitUtijpation.  -v. 

"  I  am  amoiift  Ithe  laat  men  in  thir' senate  who  would  justify  or  deftnd  the 
orders  In  council— (C^  THEY  VIOLATE  THE  PLAINEST  KlGHl'S  OF 
THE  KATION.-~(jC^  7%e  jTMiwiii/Wlfi^KaftM  wa*  never  more  than  apreUxt, 
and  Q^  their  plain  object  m  to  deprive  France  ^neutral  trade.  It  never  was 
contended,  nor  does  l^itain  no)iir  a)nte!nd,  that  she  would  be  justified  by 
the  laws  or  osages  i^iutions  to  iM^iet'mir  commerce  With  her  enemy. 
She Qd^ COVERS  HER  INJUSTICE  WITH  THE  CLQAK  OF  RETA- 
LIATION, and  insists  that  she  has  a  right  to  retort  u]3ion  lier  enemy  the  evils 
of  hia  own  p':>licy.— TAj«  is  a  doctritu  to  vhich  I  am  not  lUaJiosed  to  agree. — 


m 


■tWvh 


.•(^^l 


%s% 


tiW  oiJits  AHiiinci?' 


rr  IB  DESTRtJCtlVk  YO  NEUTBAU.    Il  M(k>;i!  thm4hg'i»-fif»f  the 

••  n  18  A,  jpocrniNi;  wif iqh  we  must  rp^ih t/-  ,  > 

,I«  ftddiUon  i*i  the  authority  of'Meiiiri.  i,l(>>  !  .^nif  Buytrti 

I  betflcn^e  to  uddttoe  that  of  tlie  hto  |{ov<:  roar  cf  Conner  ii 

<)at,ltofter  Grhwold*  Esq.  ¥tiliich»  thong^i  liol.  q>^t^v  Mi  un^r 

qiiivociUt  Ib  sufficiently  iivuxf-'j^  to  saUftiy  e%rry  oandid  rmid-- 

On  the  iOtli  of  Ootober*  t  Ui,  eight  monthi  previom  to 
ti^e  deelaration  ttt  warf  Qoverner  Grinweld,  id  ao  ndd  ssv 
to  the  Legislatu^i  drew  a  strong  ^ioro^iit  of  the  iiv|tv>(dee 
of  the  belTlgerents  tutvards  us«  and  »t'theneocfi«»Uy  t»f  timn- 
dofimjgthe  paoiAo  policy  Mfhioh  our  goTcmnif  nt  h^  tt  pti-su^ 
et!,.  and  adopting  Yigoraus  and  decitiivc  uXeasUL'cs  to  cnforee 
I  <*9jseC4  for  our  rights. 

**  Ir  hm  hran  our  tniiifoi-tune  to  puraus  a  policy,  which  hu  rendered  (» 
conl9<.^T>  i'^i':  it)  '<.hc  eyet  of  foi»i|{n  nwtiont;  and  we  are  treated  at  a  people, 
yrht;!  si'C  r;ady  to  submit  to  everyandignitv,  which  mtereet  or  caprice  impoacs 
upon  iv».  It  caurtot,.  liowever,  be  too  late  to  retrieve  tie  national  /umr: 
actd  viK  ought  to  expect  that  our  public  o<iuncilt  %vill  find,  that  0^  a  nrnnh/, 
mpartialt  tauf  deeitied  eourti  of  meaaures  iiaa  no^v  become  indi«penaiblel> 
(E7!.nttfA  a  catirw  m  tUdU  tati^' foreign  nattttWt  that  vtMht  we  detirepauet 
vt  haxm  THE  MEANS  AND  THE  SPJHIT  TO  K£FEL  AGGEESSiONS. 
The  intereatA  of  the  United  States  undoubtedly  require  a  secure  and  bonoura> 
Ue  peace.  .  But  the  only  guarantee  which  oufpht  or  can  with  safetojie  relied 
m,  tbr  tUa  objffft,  is  a  sttfflcient  orgaidied  force,  and  (C^SPIBIT  TO  USE 
IT  WITH  EfFECT,  whenjio otherhonourablemeansof  rcdreM '«n bet«. 
soited.  to,  " 
ekArcbun 

ry  and  our  commferee :  antt  OC?  ^ 
EITHEB  n.  e.  our  territory  or  our  feomOicrce,]  18  IN ^ADED  WITH  IM- 
PUNITY. 1,  .  .  .  ?v,!*ijV*"*;  ■'  K  •^'i•.^'>('-^r  '■,..-;.•"'''.;  •.■>"fi 
No  dispassionate  reader  eon  dengr  that'OoTemor  GriswoU 
in  0iis  speeob  mahes  very  strong  and  unequivocal  declara- 
tions of  die  necessity  of  vigorous*  ani)  decisive*  that  is- to 
say*  of  warlike  measuresk  It  is  impossible  otherwise 'teiiir 
terpret  the  impressive  style  in  which  he  invokes  the  **ap- 
rittouseUit  organiiedforee  with  effeoi^* — and  the  declara- 
tion that  **  voe  are  fahne  to  ouraettett  when  we  allow  our 
comnureeor  <mr  territory  to  he  invaded  wUk  itnpimHy-** 

On  the  12th  of  Stay*  I812,  only  five  weeks  before  the 
declaration  of  war.  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut  met 
againii  Governor  Griswoldaddfessed  theiti  onee  more  on 
the  same  subject.    Be  explicitly  decUre^*<that 

"  C^  the  laat  aix  m»nth»  do  not  apjpetu*  to  have produeedany  chtoigeiH  the 
hotUk  aggrettimo  of  foreign  natien*  on  ihewmmerceofthe  United  Stotet. 

And  after  referring  to,  and  Jpittly  reprobating  the  burn- 
ing of  our  vessels  by  the  French*  he  emidiatieally  adds* 

*•  CCT  Sveh,  hvwever.  ktu  been  the  character  of  both,  that  NO'CIRCUM- 
8TANCF  CAN  JUSIIfY  A  FHRFERF.NCE  TO  EITHER." 


TOE  OUTB  BBANCa. 


«IS 


I  beg  the  retddr  will  give  tlieie  doouneatf  a  4u9  degree 
of  eonBidcratioB.  It  appean  tliat  Uovernor  Gri»wola«  on 
the  10th  of  October,  181  It  uoeqaiTooally  pronouneed  an 
opioion.  that  the  aggreiiioat  ef  Great  BntMn  aad  Franee 
vrere  of  such  a  nature  as  to  warrant  reiittanoe  bj  war. 
He  denounced  the  paoifle  poUey  we  had  puriiied  ai  ifender- 
ing  9B  **  eontemj^ible  in  the  eye»  of  formgn  naliaiu,**  who 
in  consequence  regarded  **  tM  m  a  people  ready  to  oubmit  to 
etertf  indignity  which  inttreei  or  eapriee  wight  impote  wpon 
us,**  H«  cailcd  npou  *he  government  to  change  its  system, 
and  to  convince  foreign  nations,  that  *•  we  have  the  meant 
and  the  sfirit  to  reemtjoreign  uggre89iont,*'*'m.Aod  finally  de- 
daros  *^we  are  f  alee  to  ouraelvee  ic^heiiTeit  eufferpureom' 
meree  or  our  Urritory  to  be  invaded  vtith  impumly***  Seven 
months  ufterwanls,  he  reviews  these  deelarations,  and  states 
that  «  no  eircumatance  could  juntify  a  prtferenee  to  either*' 
France  or  England,  both  had  so  grossly  outraged  our  rights. 
And  yet,  reader,  what  must  be  your  astonishment  to  be 
told,  that  this  same  Governor  Griswold,  immediately  after 
the  war  was  declared,  which  his  speech. ap|>ears  to  have  ur- 
ged, arrayed  himself  among  and  was  a  leader  of  the  **friendg 
0/ peace,"  who  denounced  the  war  as  wickedr  and  unjust  and 
unholy!!! 

I  might  have  rested  the  cause  on  the  united  testimony  of 
Mr.  Lloyd,  and  Mr,  Bayard,  and  Governor  Griswold.  They 
are  fully  suffieient  for  my  purpose.  No  eandid  or  honest 
man  can  resist  them.  They  all  with  eoneurring  voice  es- 
tablish the  strong*  the  decisive  fact,  that  there  was  ample 
and  adequate  cause  of  war.  But  regarding  the  su^eot  as 
of  immense  and  vital  importaaee,  I  am  determined  **  to 
make  aeaurance  doubly  sure.**  .  I  therefore  solemnly  cite 
before  the  public  another  evidenoe,  still  more  powerful*  still , 
more  overwhelming,  to  prove  that  the  war  was  not  founded 
in  fal8ehood-.-to  prove  that  it  was  both  just  and  righteous. 

This  evidence  is  the  honorable  Harrison  Gray  Otis.  Esq. 
a  gentleman  of  considerable  talents,  great  wealth,  high' 
standing,  and  most  powerful  influence  in  the  state  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, who  has  acted  a  very  oouitpicuous  and  important 
part  in  the  extraordinary  events  of  our  era.  He  was  for- 
merly a  senator  of  the  United  States—recently  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts-'-one  of  the  principal 
movers  of  the  appointment  of,  and  a  delegate  to,  the  Hartford 
Convention ;  (which  legislature  and  convention  denounced 
the  ^r  as  Anjust,  and  wicked,  and  profligate)— -and  finally 
one  of  the  delegates  to  Washington,  to  negotiate  with  thei 
prcB-'Icnt  on  the  part  of  the  eastern  stales.  It  is  hard- 
ly necessary   to  add— but  I  shall  be  pardoned,  I  trust. 


■||P 


leH 


TBB  OilVfi,1iMANCn. 


for  adding^  that  tber»  It  Bot  inlbtt  United  8(at«t  a  voN 
UBlfarm,  andeviBtiagt  and  walouo  oppoier  of  the  paHy 
in  power— a  more  deeided  antigallioan— 4»r  a  eliiien  len 
dlspowd  to  eenainre  England  or  her  meaiuret  ui^lnttlyf  than 
Mr.  Otis. 

Thi»  gentleman,  on  the  lith  of  Jannai^*  ISlSf,  addressed 
to  a  friend  in  LondoOf  a  letter  on  the  relatione  of  the  two 
nations— whieh  displays  no  small  share  of  pnblie  spirit*  «nd 
breathes  a  most  fervent.desire  for  the  repeal  of  the  orders 
in  oouneit,  in  order  to  remoye  the  indif^ation  and  abhor- 
renoe  tliey  eioited  In  the  United  Btatefe. 

TItis  letter  was  pubUsbed  in  London  ;  and*  had  not  the 
eounsellors  of  his  Britannio  majesty  been  most  fktally  and 
egreKiously  misguided*  would  have  produced  an  immediate 
and  deeisive  eteet*  and  sated  the  two  countries  firom  the 
horror*  of  warfare. 

One  of  the  demoeratie  papers  in  Boston*  I  belioTe  tlie 
Patriot*  republished  the  letter*  with  eomments  it^nrlons  to 
Mr.  Otis,  of  whieb  I  bate  a  very  imperfect  recollection. 
They  appef^red  to  me  ill-founded  at  the  time.  Major  Bus- 
ael.  editor  of  the  Centinel*  admitted  the  anthentieity  vf  the 
letter*  which  be  republii^ed;  girded  on  his  armvar;  and 
fully  defended  the  writer  and  his  production.  He  proved 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  public*  that  no  Inference  £OuM 
fairly  be  drawn  from  that  eommunication>  iucfUpating  the 
moral  or  political  character  of  Mr.  4)tis>  who,  on  the  v*on- 
trary,  deserved  applause  for  the  purt  he  took  in  iiiis  affair 
The  ideas  of  the  editor  of  the  Centinel  were  just  and  cor- 
reot.  These  view*  a|re  given  from  memory.  But  the  strong 
impression  the  affiUr  made  on  my  mind  at  the  time,  con- 
vinces me  thki  they  are  essential^  Just* 

Vfhh  these  explfu»tiv*is  I  submit  the  letter  to  the  reader* 
whom  I  iMseech  to  give  it  due  attention.  It  will  bear  thrice 
reading.  On  the  subject  1  am  discussinK*  it  h  ftnal  and  de- 
cisive.   Never  was  there  a  more  u  /esisuble  document. 

Extract  of  a  letter  fima  Bam  ton  Cfray  Otit^  Etq.  to  afriendin  Lmdm,  dated 

Bettotit  Jan.  14,  ftl2. 

*'  You  will  perceive  by  the  papers  that  our  govemnufnt  profess  the  inten- 
tion to  assume  a  very  wariike  attitude ;  and  that  the  (j^eentiment  ^imSgna- 
tien  throughotU  the  country  at  the  eeniinuation  ^fthe  urdera  in  cotMiiei^OG^IS 
LOyO  AMD  UN1VUB8AL  FHQM  BOTH  PAUTIES!  The  moUves  which 
in4Hce  your  government  to  contintie  them,  are'  ij^  quite  (nceiMtrehentiNe  to 
the  BEST  FRIENDS  of  Chreat  Britain  in  thie  country/  and  the  effect 
•mil  be  to  make  every  man  ODIOUS  who  dam.  to  exprett  a  wieh/or  your  mc- 
ceu  and  proeperity  /  aienliment  otiUcommon  to  our  hett  meUf  but  which  an  ad- 
herence to  thit  tyttem  vriU  impair  And  dettroy.  * 

*'  It  is  too  true,  that  the  repeal  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees  has  been 
less  formal  than  it  should  bare  been;  and  tliat  our  administration  have  ke> 
come  willing  dupes  to  the  insidious  policy  of  N^iokon. 


'I«B  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


»6 


■•Aut  wAy  tkmUmir gntrmauu  mkut  <W/  Why  ahoold  tbef'.not  Mil' 
brace  siiy  pratcnca  For  rf  storing  hairinuny  between  our  two  countr.tf»,  espe. 
eially  at  it  1^11  of  consequence  jbefonow^  by  hostility  on  tKie  part  of  Franeci? 
Nnp^ieoP  #U1  renew  his  outrsoM  the  mbment  Wi;  arc  friends  i  uiil  the  natU' 
ral  li«9  vhkk  fmmtt  Ortm  mittin  mW  JhnMeOt  wOl  As  dravm  cUttr.  On 
the  contrary,  the  scrupulous  udherend'o  of  yo*'  cabinet  to  un  emptg  punetiHt, 
will  too  probably  unite  t^  wAsfe  ^wntty  in  tppoiUieH  to  your  natiaiK  ipnd  sever 
for  fT^nerations,  perhaps  fbr  ever,  in/«re«t«wMcAA<i«v  the  mottnaima  affinity, 
and  MEN  WHO  ODOIIT  TO  PB8L  AND  LOVK  UKtt  BRETHREN.'^ 

Let  as  eanvatt  khh  ptreHous  doeument  littentlv^'ly.  It  it 
fraught  with  meaning,  and  flashes  convletion.  Eterv  sen- 
tence is  of  vital  inspofrtance.  Mr.  Otis  itates  that*  •*  the 
Benlimtnt  qf  indignation  agaiiUt  the  orden  in  council  wm 
loud  and  univertal  from  both  partita,**  This  dceiaration 
fVom  such  a  quavter  is  oferwheliiiing— >it  is  irriesistible.  It 
proves  the  strong  sense  pi*evalent  of  the  outrage  and  injus- 
tice of  the  orders  in'  eoiincil.  The  voncnrrence  of  both  par- 
ties, who  so  rarely  agree  in  any  point,  demands  particular 
attention  And  surely  Mr.  Oils  himselff  or  Mr.  Piekering, 
or  Mr.  King,  will  not  deny  that  it  is  ftfir  to  infer  that  he 
most  ha  c  regarded  the  orders  in  council  as  unjust,  and 
wicked,  and  oppressive*  and  piratieal*  and  utterly  indefensi- 
iile,  when  he  candidly  confesses,  that  a  eoiitinuanoe  of  them 
would  *•  produce  the  effect  to  render  any  tiuin  odious  who 
dared  to  esepreoo  a  wieh  for  the  onceeeo  d!kd  protperity"  of 
Great  Britain. 

Mr.  Otis  deprecated  a  war  with  England  as  one  of  the 
mightiest  evils,  lie  appears  to  have  regarded  these  orders 
as  not  merely  cause  of  waiu»but  as  likely  to  produce  war, 
if  contihued. 

What  language  sliall  I  use.  reader,  to  fix  your  attention 
to  this  most  soR^mn  part  of  my  subject?  Mr*  Otis  is  so 
ttioroughly  impressed  with  weoiivietion  of  the  injustice  of 
tlic  order's  in  council*  thut  he  explifdtly  states  to  his  corres- 
pondent, that  the  **  senUmeni  ofindignalion  throughout  the 
country,**  at  their  oontii|uanee,  *•  is  loud  and  vniieersalfrom 
both  paiHes,*'  and  that  **the  effect  of  their  eonttnuanee  toill 
be,  to  render  odious  every  man  who  dares  to  express  a  wish 
for  the  success  and  prosperity  of  Englaud** — ^and  farther, 
that  **an  adherence  to  an  empty  punctilio  will  sever  the  two 
nations  perhaps  for  eccr.**  Let  it  be  observed  that  these 
declarations  were  made  January  14,  1812»  Wy  five  months 
before  the  declaration  of  war — and  further,  that  no  altera- 
tion or  miiigiition  of  the  rigour  of  those  ordf^rs  liad  tukt>n 
place  when  war  was  deduved.  When  those  pohits  are  <'»ily 
weighed,  let  the  reader  consider  that  this  same  Harrison 
Gray  Otis  was  ono  of  the  prime  movers  of  a  seditious,  I 
might  say  a  treasonable  opposition  to  the  wttr,  on  tlie  gi-ound 


kti 


I  i 


<((^ 


9M 


THE  OUI^iriE^BBAMOM. 


of  its  having  be«ii  **  proiimto  »imI  tt^ftttt."  It  ii  imp«ifti. 
ble  for  liMDgiwge  to  ilo  Jii«uoe  to  the  attOBiihment  these  re- 
ileeUoat  are  ealoulatca  to  eStclte.  jMr.  OtU  wat  a  member 
of  tho  Moato  of  Mattaohfiietti,  io  Fvibruary*  tSl*.  wuen  a 
roportof  both  houies  deolared*  «•  that  the  war,  to  fertile  in 
etlainltiofl,  wa$  waged  usUh  the  woret  po9$ible  vkw9*  and 
earritii  on  in  th$  worut  ptuiMe  vmmner*  forming  a  union  of 
wtakMta  0x4  iHfickedne^a,  which  d^fUa  for  a  yaraiUi  m 
annaUofih$woridW*' 

Uerel  oloM  thlspurt  of  the  diicussion*  |t  were  super- 
fluoHS  to  add  a  Uoq*  Tho  reader  will  have  oo  difficulty  to 
(|eoide. 

A  few  more  strong  faots,  and  I  shall  have  done. 

On  the48jth  of  Oeeeniber.  iSOSt  a  vote  was  taken  in  the 
house  of  reprasontaUves  of  tlie  United  States*  on  the  follow- 
ing resolution: 

<*  Ihiotvedt  That  the  United  8ut«t  cannot  without  a  mcrifice  of  their 
rights,  ho'iour  and  independence,  tubinit  to  the  lute  edicts  of  Great  Britain 
and  i'rance.  / 

**  And  decided  fan  the  afflrmatire  at  follows  i  yeas  118;  nays  2. 

'*  Yeas.<^Mpurs.  Alexander,  W.  Alston,  L.  Alston,  Bacon,  Bard,  Baki^, 
Baasett,  Bluckledge,  Blake,  Blount,  Boyd,  Boylc^  Brown,  Uurwell,  Butler, 
Calhoun,  Campbell,  Champion,  Chittenden,  ('lay,  Clopton,  Culpepper,  Cutis, 
Doven/ort,  Dawson,  Desnt-,  Desha,  Durell,  Elliot,  Efi/,  Pindley,  l^isk,  Frank- 
lin,  Gardner,  Garnet,  Gholson,  Qoodwyn,  Gray,  Green,  Harris,  HeiKter,  Ilelmn, 
Holland,  Holmes,  Howard.  Humphreys,  isley,  J.  G.  Jackson,  R.  8.  Jaekson, 
Jenkins,  Johnson,  Jones,  Kelly,  Kenan,  Afy,  Kirkpatrick.  liiinbert,  Lewis, 
Lloyd>  Macon,  Marion,  Mostci-s,  M'Creery,  Jtiilnvr,  D.  Montgomery,  J.  Mont 
corner}',  N,  II,  Moore,  T.  Moore,  Jer.  Morrow,  Jno  Morrow,  Monety,  Mum- 
ford,  NeUon,  AVwAoU;  Newton,  Nicholas,  Pitkin,  Porter,  Qsrincy,  Randtlph, 
Rea,  Rhea,  J.  Richards,  M.  Richards,  Kussel,  Say,  Seaver,  Shaw,  Sloan,  Smelt, 
Smtlie,  J  K.  Smith,  J.  Smith,  Southard,  Stanford,  Stedmen,  Storer,  Stwsret, 
Taggart,  TuUmadge,  To^/or,  Thompson,  Tritfjj,  'I'roup,  Uphum,  Van  Alli'ii, 
Van  Cortlandt,  Van  Hni-n,  Van  Rensselaer,  Verplank,  Wharton,  Wliiteiiill, 
Wilbour,  Williams,  A.  WilsonK^N.  Wilson,  Winn.~li8. 

*' Nays.— Messrs.  Gardenier,  Uogc. — X" 

This  is  a  vote  of  immense  importance  in  the  derision  of 
the  question  wKunh  1  ha-,  o  been  discussing;.  One  hundred 
and  eighteen  members  out  of  one  hundred  and  tweniy«  have 
recorded  their  deliberate  opinion  that  **  to  submit  to  the 
edietB  of  Oitai  Bvitain  and  France"  would  be  **  a  sacrifice 
of  the  righte,  /tonour,  and  iudtpendenee''*  of  the  United 
iitates. 

Our  govemm^t  liad  used  every  eonccivabio  peaceable 
means  to  induce  Great  Britain  to  revoke  her  orders  in  cuun- 
oii*  to  which;  according  to  those  (gentlemen,  we  could  not 
lubmit.  without  **  a  suerifiee  of  our  rights*  honour  and  in- 
dependence."  But  every  effort  had  been  in  vain.  I'lie  orders 
in  council  remained  unrevoked.^ 

Yet  many  of  tlte»e  gentl«)oicn,  thus  solemnly  pledged  and 
oomniilted,  voted  against  the  war^  as  unjust  and  unholy  and 


'FHE  OLITE  BfeAirCV. 


wiokeii  And  tparrd  nd  paiht  to  exetto  •  NilUioit»  a  tr«a» 
■onablr  oppoitlloB  to  it,  on  tlio  protest  of  tliot  mttttieo  tmi 
wiekedneift! 

Can  (he  human  mind  eonoelvo  a  itroBgor  aad  more  ind*- 
feniible  eootradit  Uon  than  this?  It  !■  impoMiUo. 

Tbo  war  was  in  retli(a*ee  of  tlM  ordert  ia*oooaiiU,  Md 
aotording to  thcM  gf«tlemf»n«  wMt uf «ourte» o  warlo  pro- 
7«iit  **  A  taorlfleo  of  th«  rights.  lioBoar^  and  indefwadoaoo  * 
of  the  United  Stntet."  And  if  ever  wAr  eaa  be  Jiiat  and 
boly»  it  aurely  is  then  just  and  holy,  when  it  ie  wnged  in 
defenoe  of  **  llie  rightit  lionoitr,  and  isdcpeodenee  of  • 
nation."  . 

I  eannot  allow  myself  to  believe*  that  I  sliallluiTe  a  sintlo 
reader  who  wUl  doubt  or  deny  the  eorreotness  of  this  Imb- 
renee.  It  is  irresistible.  These  |(entlem«n  are  AUrly  eom«> 
initted  in  the  face  of  their  country  and  of  all  Christendon% 

It  may  be  said,  and  has  been  said  ten  thousand  times* 
that  the' same  pledge  was|pivenon  the  sulfjeet  of  the  French 
decrees;  and  that  war  ought  to  have  been  declared  against 
one' nation  as  well  as  the  other.  To  tbis  there  are  two 
replies.  One,  that  tiie  French  govetrnment  did  repeal  its 
decrees,  although  in  a  very  ungracious  and  uncourteous 
manner.  3ut  ungracious,  and  unoourteons,  and  indecorous 
asit  was*  th^y  Vfere  repealed.  That  this  was  the  faet«  I  ap* 
peal  to  Mr.  Otis.  He  lias  completely  settled  this  point  for 
ever.  On  the  lith  of  January,  ISIS,  as  we  h<(ve  seen,  in  a 
confidential  letter  to  a  friend,  he  deckircd,  not  that  the  de- 
crees were  unrepealed->-but  that  **tke  repeal  was  f  cite  formal 
thanil  should  have  been"  The  reader  who  <Ioes  not  find 
that  tliiit  is  a  decisive  iolmission  that  they  were  actually  re* 
pealed,  must  be  wilful^  blind.  The  other  reply  embraces 
an  important  fact.  When  the  question  of  war  ai^inst 
Great  Britain  was  under  discussion  in  Congress,  Ms*.  M'Kee, 
of  Kentucky,  (}3**  mered  for  a  declaritiion  of  w^r  p^uinst 
■France,  aa  well  a»  lier  eneimj.  The  motion,  on  ^  iif vision 
nf  the  house,  was  negatived  by  a  very  large  majority.  Ten 
members  only*  voted  in  the  afRnnaiive,  of  wbdm  Qj^oeven 
were  democi*a(»— *and  Qj^but  threefederaUats/  Mlthe  other 
federaliata  voted  in  the  negative!  This  fur  ever  closes  the 
clamour  on  the  subject  of  the  propriety  of  declaring  war 
sigainst  France.  / 

Here  I  mako' a  solemn  pause.  The  orders  in  council 
were,  as  we  have  seen,  one  of  the  most  prominent  grounds 

•  See  this  fact  stated  in  the  speech  of  Mr.  ClMy,  speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  United  States,  Jun.  8,  1B13,  Weekly  uftrister,  vol,  tii. 
pLfc  372. 


I'M 

I'm 

mm 


;i'- 


I 


.-■ii 


SiS 


THE  OUWIBANCU. 


•r  w»r.  I'liATe  ••Ublltlied  Ihdr  Mriitoaee  and  (heir  ftcl. 
Umi  ii^ttttltf*  at  the  tine  of  that  deelaratlon.  Yet  the 
•enate  of  Maiiaehutettt  hat  deelare4  that  •*  tht  war  woe 
/nmmM  ifi/alMhoo4//r 

"When  I  stated  the  enormoui  trmuit  iuiy  tht*  Brittih  min- 
istry attempted  toeoUeetlbr  Q:;^  permittion  to  trmU  with 
Fr^nM^il  mentloaedf  that  to  tueh  an  eitravaifant  length 
wat  theirrlolatlon  ofneatral  rights  and  <^f  our  lade|iendeBt 
lavereigtttj  earried*  tbat«  wonderful  to  teUf  thej  afleoted  to 
eoniider  the  perminieo  to  trade  oa  these  terms*  ii#  a  Me- 
«<al/avo«r/  liost  tlie  reader  might  doubt  or  disbelieye  thii 
astonishing,  this  nionitrouSf  this  dishonourable^  this  uniwr. 
alleled  faet*  I  gire  him  the  most  unequivoeal  authorlty-^tlie 
eelebrated  Franels  James  Jaekson.  This  gentleman,  in  a 
fotter  to  the  seereUry  of  sUte»  dated  Ootober  lit  m%  ex- 
pressly states— 

0^  The  optitH  rtven  i$^eutral$  ^  to  tradt  with  the  enemiei  ^  Great  Bri- 
ttUnijythreHfh  Britith  pert*  (J^  ON  PAYMENT  OF  A  TRANSIT  DUTY, 
WM  oriffiiMUy  deriwd  and  intended  QCT'm  a  MITIGATION  e/what  it etrlain- 
fy  mere  emreet,  hit  mere  rifid  in  piimeiphf-^^  THE  TOTAL  AND  UN. 
QVAUFIKDINTBBDICTION  OP  ALLTBADE  WITH  THE  ENEMY ! !" 

There  Is  one  point  of  view  In  which  the  pretensions  of 
Englaad  ought  to  be  eonsidered,  to  show  their  palpable  and 
•booking  ii^ttstlee*  their  ntter  disreoard  of  the  rights  uf 
this  nation,  and  their  total  departure  from  the  most  solemn 
professions  previously  made. 

By  thiBse  professions  Engfamd  had  pledged  herself  to  re- 

Seal  the  Orders  in  Couneil  as  soon  as  the  Berlin  and  Milan 
eflTees  were  repealed,  so  far  as  those  deorees  affected  our 
intercourse  with  Kngland.  We  had  no  right  to  demand  of 
France  to  go  further  than  this  in  her  repeal.  It  would 
have  been  the  most  arrogant  presumption  tor  our  govern- 
ment to  have  prescribed  to  France  any  regulation  of  such 
parts  of  her  tnide  ^m  we  were  not  interested  in.  Yet  Eng- 
land did  require  a  repeal  o^her  deorees  as  they  affeoled  her 
trade  with  other  nations,  as  a  «ine  qua  non  to  the  repeal  of 
the  orders  as  they  affected  the  trade  of  the  United  States. 

This  has  been  re)^atodly  denied*  and  with  the  utmost  con- 
fidence. But  denial  is  not  disproof.  And  unfortunately  for 
the  friends  of  England,  the  fact  has  become  matter  of  his- 
torical recoi'd.  It  is  to  be  found  in  a  document  of  the  most 
indisputable  authenticity.  On  the  18th  of  June  I8t!2,  only 
eight  days  betV  re  the  declaration  of  war,  Mr.  Foster,  the 
British  minister  at  Washington,  wrote  a  tetter  to  our  go- 
vernment, in  which  this  idea  is  distinctly  and  unequivocally 
avowed  in  the  following  words : 


THK  OUTB  BBANCK 


**• 


Uf 


••I  !*«•  M  taMiUtkn,  tir,  ia  pajrbifk  UmA  On*!  Britain,  m  tht  cam  hu  hW 
tkcrto  itood,  nnm-  JU,  utr  tvtr  eptMM^[9ft, itiihm  UUgr*$M»t  ii^wMett», 
hmtjf  and  htr  t^Utt,  «•  we//  at  to  tthtr  ntutral  noHtiu,  f  rtptal  ktr  »rd»r$, 
mamttktg  Jmrniea  almu,  lemtnf  thtm  in/krtt  egutntt  tthtr  tttutt^  uptm  * 
cmJwm  that  Framt-wtfuUtxttptt  ttiigff  and ^^tcto/^r,  AwmrUmfnm  iK»  tp- 
nuimt^fhtrthtrttt'* 

WhateTer  reprolmtloB  ^he  ■jttom  bere  atowmI,  Ioid|^^, 
eallt  for  on  the  grooMi  of  iti  crois  and  flagrant  ii\|ttatioet 
we  matt  approye  the  ftndouPffMr.  Foitert  Hfhieh  eldthet 
it  in  nil  Itt  gennlne  and  intrinMo  dfflynnlly,  and  holdi  unto 
the  abhorrenoe  of  the  fkir  and  upright  part  of  nankino  of' 
iJlnatlonf. 

England  at  this  time  stood  pledged  to  thii  eonntry*  by 
repeated  deelarations*  promolcated  with  the  otmott  Bolen- 
nity.  to  proceed  paH  poMit  witn  France*  But  notwithstand- 
ing these  solemn  pledges  so  ofken  reiterated*  she  at  last  fllir- 
1t  oome  out  with  her  deelaration»  that  the  repeal  of  the 
merees  as  afTeetlng  America  was  to  produce  no  eflbet  on 
the  Orders  in  Couneil  as  aflbcting  this  eountfy.  That  is» 
M  plainly  as  can  bct  that  unless  we  could  prevul  on  Firanc^' 
to  eease  the  operation  of  her  decraes  upon  British  trade 
generally t  we  nad  no  raason  to  hope  for  a  relaxation  of  the 
rigour  and  injustice  of  her  Orders  in  Couneil.  This  is  a 
nrw  explanation  of  a  pari  po««tt«  and  would  of  Itself,  had  it 
stood  alonCf  aflbrded  full  Justification  of  the  declaration  of 
hoBtlUties  ' 

No  man  who  has  the  least  regard  to  his  chteractei^— who 
is  aot  deprived  by  fkction  and  party  violence  of  the  moral 
wn9e~«an«  after  a  perusal  of  the  preeedthg  observatlont'r 
andfbets,  hesitate  what  sentence  to  pronounce  on  the  aocu* 
s»tion>  that  ••  the  war  was  founded  in  falsehood.** 


CHAPTER  XLTI. 

•     ' 

Enquiry  hUo  thejuattee  of  the  war  continued,  A  clear, 
expbdt  and  unannoeralbU  deftnu  of  tt«  on  the  ground 
cfimfreeomfnt  alone,  independent  of  all  the  other  grieroan- 
ees,  by  the  unexee]^onabk  teelimony  of  the  honourable 
James  Lloyd,  Esq.  if  Massaehusetto* 

Impressnunt, 

Of  the  enormity  of  this  horrible  grieTance»  whieh 
fiT*  cries  to  heaven  for  vengeance,  I  have  eiven  such  copio,us 
oetalls,  in  chapters  31>  to  ^B,  that  I  neea  not  enter  dcepl^r , 
intoitherck 


w?^ 


* 


900 


THE  OUI^  SRAliM^K^ 


That  it  wat  ample  and  adMoate  eaums  of  war*  ii»man  tan 
deny,  who  reads  the  letter  from  eomraodere  Porter,  page 
SIO— and  the  extract  from  the  log  book  of  the  Guernere, 
page  fit-*- whereby  it  ii  indisputably  established  that  there 
were  no  less  than  the  enormous  number  of  forty  Ave  Ameri- 
oan  impreNed  seamen  on  board  thire  British  vessels. 

I  must  onee  more  beg  leave  to  introduce  to  the  reader, 
James  Lloyd,  Esq*  •  When  I  shelter  myself  under  such  au 
thority  as  Messrs.  Otis,  Piol&ering,  Lloyd,  &o.  I  deem  myself 
impregnable. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  the  hon.  Jamet  Lloyd  to  the  Aon.  Mr.  Perkitu. 

'*  Jf  Great  Jlritam  ^  did  claim  and  exercise  the  right  to  imprett  into  her 
eefviee  the  real,  botia  fide,  native  cititent  of  the  United  State;  an  interminable 
vHXr  -with  her,  or  wifA  aU  the  nationo  of  the  earth  (if  it  could  not  be  otherwite 
prevented)  might  be  aUke  Jutt,  mceatary  and  commendable.  The  ocean,  tor 
the  Use  of  the  great  family  of  mankind,  should  own  no  chartered  privile^s. 
In  a  time  of  neutrality,  while  abstaining  from  injury  to  others,  it  should  be 
as  free  as  air,  to  all  who  navigate  it,  and  the  (0>  IMPRESSMENT  OF  A 
NATIVE  AMERICAN  CITIZEN  (p*  innocent  of  crime,  and  ay*^*"! '1*^' 
■where  no  fnimarg  or  paramount  allegiance,  i^and  protecuting  a  lawful  com. 
meree,  (CJ'in  a  vetael  of  hit  own  country,  is,  a»  it  respects  the  individual,  and 
OC^oaslrtfjrordb  an  infringement  of  rights.  (XjTAS  GROSS  A  VIOLATION 
AS  IF  HE  WERE  ARRESTED,  TORN  AND  TRANSPORTED  INTO 
SLAVERY  FROM  HIS  PATERNAL  ROOF  OR  DOMESTIC  ALTAR." 
Boaton  CenUnel,  March  6, 1813. 

The  mind  elows  with  animation  on  reading  these  noble, 
these  dignified,  these  manly  sentiments,  worthy  of  the  most 
Illustrious  heroes  of  the  revolution !  What  a  wonderful  cod' 
trust  between  them  and  the  groveling  report  of  the  com- 
mittee of  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts !  This  single  ex- 
tract were  sufficient  to  justify  the  war,  had  there  t^eu  no 
other  ground  than  impressment  alone. 

From  the  commencement  of  the  French  revolutionary 
war  till  the  declaration  of  hostilities  took  place,  our  vessels 
were  arrested  wherever  met  with  by  British  vessels  of  war 
.—the  crews  overhauled— the  British  captains  seized  and 
enslaved  whom  they  pleased — as  they  were*  in  the  strong 
language  of  Cobbett--**  ACCUSERS,  WITNESSES, 
JUDGES,  AND  CAPT0R8.»' 

England  would  have  made  war  against  all  the  nations  of 
Europe  in  succession,  had  they  dared  to  impress  her  sea- 
men. And  what  right  had  she  to  claim  a  religious  venera- 
tion for  her  flag,  when  she  was  in  the  daily  practice  ot  vio- 
lating ours  in  the  grossest  manner? 

I. request  the  reader's  attention  to  this  subject.  Mr. 
Lloyd  unites  **  the  claim**  and  **  the  exercise.**  The  former 
is  unimitortant  in  itself,  and  does  not  affect  the  questiou. 
Suppose  England  to  **  claim  a  right**  to  all  our  vessels— (o 
our  territory— to  our  persons—it  Is  no  cause  of  war.    But 


P 


TBK  oismmAmi^ 


f»i 


the  flIMMBt  the i^ttemiiti  *•  to everelMtbe  right? tf> jfiae 
any  of  them,  reiliimee  beeoniet  a  duty. 

it  thttt  «ppe9tm»  that  the  eureMioii«el«iiii*'  !»  veN- 
terbiflJBe.  I  do  bj  no  meane  beUeve  it  wai  ^nplend  to  '^, 
lade  the  i^eader.    But  I  do  af er  that  Mifh  ip  Iti  eSeetf      ,  t 

QJf^  The  txatM*  then  »f  to  Qftat  BrUaii^^Ue  right 
to  imfrtBiintohtr  $ervle§  ^^m  renl  bona  fmwfi^  «M^ 
cms  of  the  Uuitoi.  Statu  (JCT  w«Md*''  bY  the  exDli^it  wiA 
onexeeptiooable  deelaratioA  «f  Jamei  Lloyd»  VjMOtffffon 
iiUarminabh  war  with  bir,** 

The  quflttionr  reader,  i»  thus  reduoed  within  a  narrow 
compaae^  It  oiUy  remaiat  to  be  aaeertidned  whetbtr  *•  «he 
exereiied"  the  exeoraUe  "  right  of  linpreMmeat"  of  <•  real 
bona  fide  eitixens'*  i»  not.  If  Ihe  did,  the  war^  aeeprdSnc 
to  Mr.  liloyd,.  was  juit  To  prove  the  fkot  beyond  the  possi- 
bility of  doubt,  I  eall  in  'vei7  high  authority.  I  will  gire 
up  for  a  moment  my  own  oucuuttion  of  7000—- the  secre- 
tary's statement  of  6700— «nd  even  lord  CasClereagh's  ad- 
mission of  160d.*  I  will  rely  upon  the  eonimlttee  of  the 
legislature  of  Mnssaohusetts,  and  upon  the  revereimd  Mr. 
Taegart,  member  of  eongress  from  that  state. 

The  latter  admits  there  were  three  tiundred  impressed 
Amerlean  seamen  on  board  the  British  navy  on  the  deelara- 
tion  of  war.  And  a  committee  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives of  Massachusetts,  ((j3***a«  far  a»  -thdr  mqmrieo 
wmV*)  admit  that  there  were  eleven  impressed  natives  of 
the  state  on  board  that  navy. 

I  proceed  logically.  As  **  the  exercise  of  tlie  right''  of 
impressing  the  Q:J*  **  real  bona  fide  native  citizens  of  the 
United  States  into  the  service  of  Great  Britain,  would  jus- 
tify an  QJ* interminable  war  with  her  or  all  thenationo.of 
the  eaWh,*'<^>-«nd  as  we  have  clearly  established  that  there 
were  (P*at  all  events,  ftOO  native  eitiaens  of  the  United 
States  so  impressed—it  follows  that  Mr.  Lloyd  must  justify 
the  late  war — rnd  will  not  dare  to  assert  that  it  was 
** founded  on falsOiood,**    Q.E.  D. 

Before  I  close  the  subject,  I  beg  leave  to  introduce  higher 
personages  on  the  stage. 

The  prince  regent  has  publicly  declared,  tlwt,  *<  it  is 
loiown  to  the  world  that  this  country,  [Great  Britain]  was 
not  the  aggressor  in  this  war.'* 

And  the  lords  of  the  admiralty,  in  their  proclamation, 
dated  April  181^,  (see  page  59,)  express  their  regret  on  the 
subject  of  « the  unprovakai  aggreorion  of  the  American  go- 

*  Lord  Cutlereaf^h  in  the  British  patliiunenVl  am  anUrcd  amjl  conftdentljr 
Ix^v*,  admitted  .this  numher. 

♦  u  h 

•  1 


I 


^     V-      '■1^ 


»!*■ 


,■»■»( 


•""  * 

if*' 

i^B^ 

1 

hB8 

1 

'"^^^^^^■^ffl 

'S 

"-  "Sn  M'® 

ji 

.-H'^'^l^vB 

gy 

■.jf-!||M| 

1 

mi 

1 

1 


Mntment  fit  ikeldHfif  tear  »pwn\\  th«  eaueeaef  ift  or^iMi 
eomlainihadlbunrem&tei,/* 

'■^'rif  c^ter  tbe  lUts  agalaftt  meh  forinMabl*  MtftgMiiits,uiB 
rMify  boMtiid  dftHttg.  But  I  Tenture  to  Asmm,  sad  hope 
I  httTe  proved,  that  the  iiM  wm  not  ^*  founded  Ipi  falto- 
hood}'*^ib»(  OreBt  Britnin^as  noforiouily  ••  the  agg^en- 
or  $*^  afid  that  neme  vt  **  the  origiaal  eattie»  of  eomplaiat 
itad  been  removed'^  previowt  to  the  dtekration  of  war. 
Just  at  this  page  was  gtiiiig  t^  preH,  I  met  with  an  im- 

Ciriani  dooument,  whieh  bears  poworfully  and  unaaswera- 
y  OB  this  topie.    It  kl  entitled 

"An  abstract  of  the  retttrrik  or  lists  received  fromQeheral  LymontOf 
Ainericiui  seamen  snd  cit^ens,  who  have  been  impressed  and  held  on  bourd 
his  Britannip  mt^ty^s  ships  of  wsr,  from  tlte  1st  of  October,  1807>  till  the 
^||tofMal-cb»1809." 

Vl'he  whole  number  of  impressed  men  ineluded  in  these 

i^turnst  is       .,----  873 

Of  whom  were  dii^harged      ....  287 

Applieations  unanswered        ....  108 

In  ships  on  foreign  stations     .    .    •    .  48 

i>eserted --  32 

Biitish  sul^ects 98 

Having  voluntarily  entered    ....  3it 

Married  in  England  or  Ireland         .    >  7 

The  remaiDiDg  .^64  were  refused  to  be  diseharged  on  va- 
rious groanda,  of  irregularity  of  documents,  &c.  ^c. — But 
let  it  be  borne  in  eternal  remembranee,  that  of  the  whole 
number  8i73»  there  neere  only  98  tcfio  toere  detained  as  British 
sttlgeotsl 

This  single  document  is  of  itself  abundantly  sufficient  to 
eoademn,  beyond  the  power  of  appeal  or  justitieation,  the 
odious  praictiee  of  impressment.  £ighi  hundred  and  seventy 
three  persons,  sailing  under  the  American  flag,  which  ought 
to  have  easured  them  full  and  complete  protection,  are  sei- 
sed with  every  circumstance  of  outrage,  oppression,  injury, 
and  injusiio,  as  British  «ilyects-«are  torn  from  their 
friends  ynd  families  and  eountr;^-«.are  eompelled  to  fight 
the  battles  of  Great  Britain,  at  the  risque  of  being  slaugh- 
tored  by  her  enemies~-they  are  sul\)eet  to  the  most  igno- 
minious punishment,  if  they  dare  refuse  to  serve ;  and  ;et, 
goodheavenb!  what  an  abomination !  when  their  ease^  are 
folfy  investigated,  it  is  found  that  only  98  of  them  are  as- 
sorted to  he'tt-though  they  were  all  etokn  under  'pretence  that 
they  teere-^Br^eh  atiltjeeta .'.'.' 

1  make  a  solemn  appeal  on  this  subject — not  to  the  Uni- 
ted titate^' — nut  to  tbr  British  nation — not  to  France — but 
to  the  whole  world*^and  boldly  aver,  and  dare  contradic- 


'««*;,  «W*«W.SSF. 


m 


^>  ilOki  na  nation  ev<9r  pi;iy«tr«le4  •mh,  atiro^oi|i||  audh 
horribie,  siush  lawlMs  violepee  on  another  iiatiod»  ^kd  ttfite 
«;fpretfeaded, peace  anil  frienflsbip«  and  that  ao  o(atioti»  w^ili 
equal  meant  of  defence  a^id  offisiicet  everbeiTore  dubitii^ett  t» 
Miofai  humUUtionr  luoh  d^^ad^tjoQ,  as  has,  been  hfsajteiijiff 
the  Vaiteil  Statei. 


CHAPTER  XliVIt.  '       J 

BirlttiMMe  of  Botton.  Boston  acti  on  JUoMoelmtetts, 
MoAaaehmetta  acta  on  the  triker  eastern  stataa.  Je^ 
louaiea  and  diaeord  aeduloualtf  eaoekad  Hateful  pieture 
of  the  aouthem  atatea.  Commercial  ond  nvAi-eommereinl 
atatea.  Enfutry  'tto  the  claims  of  the  eaatem  ata^a* 
Yankeeism.    Moral  and  reUgUma  peopk* 

Boston,  the  metropolis  of  Massachusetts,  has  b0«n,  for 
a  long  period,  and  more  particularly  since  the  close  of  the 
reign  of  federalism,  the  seat  of  discontent,  complaint  and 
turbulence.  It  has  been  itself  restless  and  uneas7-.^and  has 
spread  restlessness  and  uneasiness  in  every  direction.  It 
has  thwarled,  harassed,  and  embarrassed  the  general  go- 
Ternment,  incomparably  more  thun  all  the  rest  of  the  union 
together. 

Whatever  difficulty  or  distress  arose  from  the  extraordi- 
nary circumstances ,  of  the  times — and  great  difficulty  and 
distress  were  inevitable — was  aggravated  ar^A  magnified  to 
ihs  highest  degree,  for  the  purpose  of  inflh  ^^ng  thi^  public 
passions.  The  leaders  in  this  business  ware  clamorous, 
when  wo  were  at  peace  in  1793,  and  in  1S06,  for  wnr  against 
England,  on  account  of  her  depredations  on  their  commerce, 
and  in  1807,  on  account  of  the  attacL  '  n  the  Chesapeake. 
They  were  equally  clamorous,  as  we  have  seen,  in  1803,  for 
war  against  Spain,  for  the  interruption  of  the  right  of  de- 
posit at  New  Orleans,  and  denounced,  in  the  most  virulent 
stile,  the  imbecility  and  cowardice  of  die  government.  Yet 
from  the  moment  when  war  was  declared,  they  clamoured 
for  peace,  and  t'eprobated  the  war  as  wicked.  uniu<)t,  and 
unnecessary,  although  the  causes  of  war  were  incomparably 
greater  i.i  18li,  than  in  1793,  1803,  180<».  or  1807.*  i'hey 
made  every  possible  effort  to  raise  obstructions  and  difficul- 
ties, ill  the  proi^etMitiori  ol*  the  war  ;  and  (j!3*  yet  feprohated 
the  administvation  for  their  imbecility  in  carrying  it  on. 
Thi'y  reduced  the  {j;ovorniu«n)t  to  bankruptcy,  as  I  trust  I 
shall  prove  ',  and  j]jp*  reproached  it  for  its  necessities  and  «m- 

*  Sec  cliaptevfl  43  and  44. 


(1-1  1...';  .I.'SI,' 


'iJ 


'ft  4 


.■'U 


W:  i 


t 


'  <» 


*  :,i 


.r    (' 


t6« 


imOUna  BRAKCB. 


M 


'I      ^ 


oorrolMWiitf.  In  i  word^  all  ibeir  BifltTeineiitt  have  hail 
and  still  hive  but  one  ol^trto  enliBebliB  and  distract  the 
goverom«nt.  Tbis  oljeet  bat  been  toa  toeeeisf^ri/  at- 
tldnedi    -.v  ■  '   ■-  ■;  i^.^M 

With  a  |N»p«lation  of  only  19,000  inbabitants,  and  with  a 
eomtneree  qaite  insignifieanty  eompared  with  that  of  New- 
Toi^y  Pbiladdpbia*  Baltimore,  or  Charleston,  Boston  has, 
by  manaceipent  and  address,  acquired  a  degree  of  influence 
beyond  ^1  proportion  greater  than  its  due  share— greater 
In  foot  than  the  above  four  oities  ooBibined--a  degree  ef  in- 
jinenoe  whieb  has  been  exercised  in  sueh  a  manner  as  to 
become  dangerous  to  public  and  private  prosperity  and  bap- 
^ness.  and  to  die  peace  and  permanence  of  the  union.  It 
mrought  us  to- the  very  verge  of  its  dissolution,  and  nearly 
to  the  aurful  oonseqnence*-^!  civil  vrar. 

The  movers  of  this  mighty  piece  of  machinery— this  lever 
that  puts  into  convulsive  motion  the  whole  oIt  our  political 
fabric,  are  few  in  number.  But  they  are  possessed  of  inor- 
dinate wealth— of  considerable  talents— great  energy< — and 
ovei^rown  influence.  They  aflbrd  a  signal  proof  how  much 
a  few  men  may  effect  by  energy  and  concert,  more  especially 
when  they  are  not  very  scrupulous  about  the  means,  provi- 
ded the  -.ends  are  accomplished.  A  northern  confederacy 
has  been  their  grand  object  for  a  number  of  years.  They 
have  repeatedly  advocated  in  the  public  (Mrints  a  separation 
of  the  states,  on  account  of  a  pretended  discordance  of  views 
and  interests  of  the  different  sections. 

This  project  of  separation  was  formed  shortly  after  the 
adoption  of  the  federal  constitution.  Whether  it  was  ven- 
tHivd  before  the  public  earlier  than  1796, 1  know  not.  Bat 
of  its  promulgation  in  that  year,  there  is  the  most  indubita- 
ble evidence.  A  most  elajborate  set  of  papers  was  then  pub- 
lished in  the  city  of  Hartford,  in  Connecticut,  the  joint  pro- 
duction of  an  association  of  men  of  the  first  talents  and 
influence  in  the  state.  They  appeared  in  the  Connecticut 
Ccurant,  published  by  Hudson  and  Goodwin,  two  eminent 
printers,  of.  I  believe,  considerable  revolutionary  standing. 
There  were  then  none  of  the  long  catalogue  of  grievances, 
wlii(;h,  since  that  period,  have  been  fabr:»  «.ted  to  justify 
the  reoent  attempts  to  dissolve  the  union.  .  ueneral  Wash- 
ingion  was  president;  John  Adams,  an  eastern  citizen, 
vleepresident.  There  was  no  French  influence— no  Vir- 
ginia dynasty— no  embargo—- no  non-intei'<;ourse — no  terra- 
inn  puliey— no  democratic  madness— no  war. — In  fine,  evecy 
feature  m  the  affairs  of  the  country  was  precisely  according 
to  their  fondest  wishes^ 


T&e  OtIVE  KRANCn. 


m 


Th«ft  eiM^i  under  the  slgnatare  4f  PeHMHB>  irefeteyb* 
liflhed  in  Philiidetohia,  in  npupef  ealled  tiM  New  WoM; 
edited  tijr  Mr.  8.  H.'Sniitli.' 

To  MW  diieordf  jeiiloai^y  and  hoitilitj  betreea  the  difr' 
ftrent  seetion*  otrnt  nttien»  wai  the  firgraMd^(^«ii4  ttep  in 
their  career,  in  order  to  aeeomplieh  the  fl^Tourite  dl^feet  of 
a  separation  of  the  itates. 

In  fa' t,  without  this  eAoient  instrument,  all  their  efforts 
would  have  b^en  titterly  UDatailing.  It  would  hare  beett 
impossible*  had  the  honeet  yeomanry  of  the  eastern  states 
eoatinued  to  regard  their  southern  fellovr-eltizens  as  fHends 
and  brethren,  haviDg  one  common  interest  in"  the  pt>ometion 
of  the  ^ei\  i>?al  warfare,  to  make  them  instruments  in  tlie 
hands  of  those  who  intended  to  employ  them  to  operate  the 
unholy  work  of  destroying  the  noble,  the  august,  the  splen- 
did fabric  of  our  union  and  unparalleled  form  of  govern- 
ment. 

For  eighteen  years,  therefore,  the  most  nnceasing  endea- 
vours haveheen  used  to  poison  the  mUnds  of  the  j^ople  Of 
the  eastern  states  towards,  anid  to  alienate  them  from,  their 
fellow-citizens  of  the  southern.  The  people  of  the  latter 
section  have  been  pourtrayed  as  demons  incarnate,  and  des- 
titute of  all  the  good  qualities  that  dignify  or  adorn  human 
nature— that  acquire  esteem  or  regarid — that  entitle  to  re- 
Meet  and  veneration.  Nothing  can  eMeed  the  virulence  of 
diese  carieatures,  some  of  which  would  have  suited  the 
ferocious  inhabitants  of  New-Zealand,  rather  than  a  civili- 
zed or  polished  nation. 

To  illustrate,  and  remove  all  doubt  on,  this  subject,  I  sub- 
join an  extract  from  Pelham's  essay.  No.  I. 

"  Ne{proes  are,  in  all  respects,  except  in  regard  to  life  and  deatb,  the  cattle 
of  the  citizens  of  the  southern  states.  0^7*  If  thetf  vere  gnodjvtfwd,  the  pro- 
bability it,  that  even  the  pvmer  of  di»trot/ing  their  Uvea  would  be  enjoyed  by 
their  owiert,  tu  fully  aa  it  ia  over  the  Uvea  ^f  their  eattk.  CCjT  It  cannot  be, 
that  their  kma  prohibit  the  ownerafrem  kilUng  their  alavea,  became  those  alaves 
are  human  beings,  or  became  it  is  a  moral  evil  to  destrou  them.  If  that  were 
the  case,  how  oan  tliey  justify  their  beinff  treated,  in  all  other  respects,  like 
brutes  P  for  it  is  in  this  point  of  view  alone,  that  negroes  in  the  southern 
states  are  considered  in  fact  aa  SJ^nt  from  cattle.  They  are  bou^j^t  and 
sotd->they  are  fed  or  kept  hungry^they  are  clothed,  or  reduced  to  naked* 
nesB — ^they  are  beaten,  turned  out  to  the  fury  of  the  eleinents,  and  torn  from 
their  dearest  connexions,  tmM  aa  little  remorse  as  if  they  were  beasts  of  the 

Never  was  there  a  more  infamous  or  unfounded  carjea- 
turc  than  this — never  one  more  disgraceful  to  i<s  author. 
It  may  not  be  amiss  to  state,  and  it  greatly  enhances  the 
turpitude  of  the  writer,  that  at  tlie  period  when  the  al»ove 
vras  written,  there  were  many  slav(  s  in  Connecticut,  wtio 


'.'-  -m 


I     r 


1, 


zn 


'Xm  <X|4V|fi  IHMLBiCH* 


wiH^  MlllMt  i»  aH  tbe  disadnuiti^a  filfnt  »tti|ilde^  lbs 
<iiHll»ri f|%v»^   ■.-,.?,, 

Its  vHe  character  is  {Either  jpmiU/)iiggraT«Co<|l)x  Ike 
comsidertitMii  tkU  « large  portion  of  iheie,  tery  i^greei, 
aad  tiek  Aiioestops.  Iiad  b«en  ^urehas^  and  rent  frem 
their  homea  aod  DmHUeit  by  ciuzeas  of  itie  eai^tem  »tates» 
who  were  aetnidly  at  that  momeut,  aad  long  aftewanU,  en- 
gaged in  the  Slave  Trade. 

1  add  a  fow  diore  ei^traots  from  Pelham :— f  \ 

**We  ham  leuhed  a  cntieal  period  in  our  polttieal  nistcnce.  The  queh* 
tiM  rauat  aoon  be  decided,  iriuiher  va  -will  conttnn^  a  tiattvHpat  the  extenu 
even pf  o^r.utt^on^ , or  aink  with  the  present  muss  of  (UfRcQlty  into  conmaion 
and  slaveiy. '  .;'"^"■■.■     ■■';-v 

'*Many  advantagiss  were  suptMtod  to  Lti  secured,  and  mitiyf  c^ila  avdcded, 
by  an  tutfon  of  the  atates.  1  aikall  not  deny  that  the  snppiosition  was  weU 
foAinded.  But  a|  that  time  thoae  advantag«»  and  Uiok  i  vUs  were  magnified' 
to  a  far  neater  size»  thfui  either  would  be  ijp  the  q,uestion  was  at  this  moment 
to  be  settled. 

"  The  northern  statea  can  liubsist  as  a  nation,  a  republic,  itithout  ang  coii> 
nexien  vnth  fheeeuthern.  i^  cannot  Im  contested,  that  if  the  soutbiirn  atates 
were  posaeaed  of  the  same  political  ideas,  ^n  union  would  still  be  mote  desira* 
ble  than  a  separation.  But  when  it  becomes  a  serious  question,  whether  we 
shall  give  up  our  govemmeht,  or  part  with  the  atates  south  of  the  Potomac, 
•M  man  tnrth  of  that  river,  Whose  heart  is  not  thoroughly  democratic,  can 
hesitate  what  decision  to  make. 

"  I  shall  in  the  future  papers  conaider  some  of  the  great  eventa  which  viR 
lead  to  a  leparation  of  the  United  Statet;  show  the  importance  of  retaining 
their  prenent  cbnstitutitm,  even  at  the  t-xpense  of  a  separation  ;.  endeavour  to 
prove  the  imptonbiUlff  ^  mo  wdon  for  anif  long  period  in  futwet  bath  from  the 
moral  and  political  habito  ^  the  citizeni  of  the  oouthem  atateo,'  and  finally  ex- 
amine carefully  to  see  whether  we  have  not  already  approached  to  tie  era 
when  they  mutt  be  divided.^ 

It  |s  impossible  for  a  man  of  inteIHgenoe  and  cancloai^  to 
read  these  extraett!,  ivithout  feeling  a  depided  conviction 
that  the  writer  and  his  friends  were  determined  to  uw  all 
their  endeavours  to  dissolve  the  union,  and  endanger  civil 
war  and  all  its  horrors.  In  order  to  promote  their  per  oaal 
views,  't'his  affords  a  complete  cine  to  all  the  seditious 
prooeedings  that  have  occurred  since  that  period— 'the  an- 
eeasing  efforts  to  excite  uc  ptthlie  mind  to  that  feverish 
state  of  discord,  jealousy,  and  exasperation,  which  was  ne- 
cessary to  prepare  it  for  convulsion.  The  parties  interest- 
ed would  on  the  stage  of  a  separate  ooafedcracy  perform 
the  brilliant  parts  of  kings  and  princes,  generals  and  gene- 
ralissimos— whereas  on  the  grand  stage  of  a  gt-^neral  union> 
embracing  all  the  states,  thty  are  obliged  to  sustain  eliacae- 
ters  of  perhaps  a  seeond  or  third  rate.  **  Better  to  rule  in 
helU  than  obey  in  heaven." 

The  unholy  spirit  that  inspired  the  writer  of  the  above 
extracts,  has  been,  from  tliat  hour  to  th«  present,  ineeasant  - 
ly  employed  to  excite  hostility  between  Ihediflt;  enl  sections 


TBM  OUVS  HBANCHk 


of  «lii,iiiiioA.u  T»M«li  Irarrible  kagiht  Jiai  tUi  ipitit  beM 
eMvied,  thai  mMij  par«gnpl»  tet«  ^cMHio^ftllT  apptared 
iatlie  Jloitoiip«99rsk^,intend«d,  mad  well  aaloaktod  to  ez« 
eitt  UienegroM  offihe  ibuthepa  itateftto  riw  asd  mMMMt 
their  maitera*  Thk>!wiU  mpdoubt^dly  apptar  inertdiUe  to 
(he  readM^  It  ia  neTcrtheUsi  Murcdlj  true.  It  J>  a  ape- 
tics  of  tarpitttda  aad  baieneMy  of  whioh  the  workl  hai  pro^ 
duoed  few  example!. 

Thai  lome  progreit  wai  made.  But  it  wis  iaeoniiidevatL 
hlbi  While  the  yeomanry  of  the  eaitern  states  wei^  en- 
riehed  by  a  benenoial  oommerce  ivith  the  soalherD)  Ihey 
did  not  reel  dispoied  to  quarrel  with  them  for  their  suppo- 
ed  waat  of  a  due  degree  of  piety  or  morality. 

A  deeper  game  >  was  requisite  to  be  played*  or  all  the 
pains  taken  so  far>  would  have  been  wholly  fruitless.  And 
this  was  sedttloualy  undertaken.  The  press  literally  groans 
•d  with  efforts  to  prove  five  poiats,  wholly  destitute  of  foun- 
dMioik 

Firaty  That  the  eastern  states  were  supereminently  emn- 
mercial. 

Seeottdly,  That  the  states  south  of  the  Susquehanna  wore 
wholly  agrieultural. 

Thirdly,  Thai,  there  is  a  natural  and  inevitable  hostility 
between  commereial  and  agricaltural  states. 

Fourthly,  Thfe4  this  hostiMty  hat  uniiOrnUy  pervaded  the 
whole  soudiem  section  of  the  anion.    And 

Fifthly,  That  all  the  measures  of  eongress  were  dictated 
by  this  hostility ;  and  were  actually  intended  to  ruin  the 
eemmercial,  meaning  the  eastern  states. 

I  do  no4  assert  that  these  miserable,  these  oontemptible^ 
these  deeeptious  positions  were  ever  laid  down  in  a  regular 
£i^rm,  as  theses  to  argue  upon.  But  1  do  aver,  that  they 
fbrm  the  basis  of  three-fourths  of  all  Uie  essays,  paragraphs, 
squibs,  and  crackers,  that  have  appeared  in  the  Boston  pa- 
pers against  the  administration  for  many  years  past.  **  I'he 
Road  to  Ruin,"  ascribed  to  John  LoweU,  now  before  me,  is 
remarluUile  for  its  virulence,  its  acrimony,  its  intemperance, 
and  for  the  talents  of  the  writer.  He  undoubtedly  pla^ 
ees  his  sul^eet  in  tlie  strongest  point  of  light  possible  for 
such  a  subject.  But  if  you  extract  from  his  essays,  the 
assumption  of  these  positions,  all  the  rest  is  a  mere  caput 
aiortimm— all  **  sound  and  fury."  On  these  topics  the  chan- 
ges ar«  rung  in  endless  succession.  The  same  observation 
will  apply,  vmA  with  equal  force,  to  hundreds  and  thousands 
ef  essays  and  paragraphs,  written  on  the  same  topie. 

Never  was  the— ^ta  non  ti,  sed  saepe  eadendo — more 
eompletely  verified.  Tliese  positions,  however  absurd,  bow- 


UB 


THE  OUVE  ttANCp. 


•¥9t  titivrifluitf  )i0w«Ter  ridkulmit'tlMQr  ippeir  in  tiieir 
wilMd  Ptrrn,  bxn,  by  dint  of  iM0Mftiit  r«petitt*ii»  mftde  Meh 
Ml  imprMibB  upoB  Ihe  miMli  of  a  lury*  pprdon  of  th^  peo- 
ple of  tbo  oMteni  ■toteiy  that  thev  on  to  tborovi^jr  eoa> 
finoed  of  their  truth*  m  of  e^y  ppobtem  iiT  Euelid. 

BottoB  ha?  iog  Mted  upon  nnd  inflaoied  MaMaehuietti, 
that  itate  aeled  npoot  ana  put  in  movementy  the  rott  of  the 
eastern  statei,  more  partfeularly  Conneetiout  and  Bhode 
Iciand^  New  3anipfehire  suid  Vermont  are  but  partially  in- 
faeted  with  the  turbulent  and  jaeobiaieal  spirit  that  pAwom- 
.inates  in  MassaehuMttt. 

It  thus  happeni*  that  u  people  proverbially  orderly*  quiet* 
•ober*  and  rational*  were  astually  so  highly  exoited  as  to  be 
ripe  for  revi^utian*  aad  rea4y  to  overturn  the^whole  system 
of  soeial  order.  A  eonspiracy  was  formed*  whieh*  as  I 
have  stated*  and  as  eannot  be  too  often  repeated*  promised 
fhir  to  produce  a  oonyulsian— a  iitaohUwn  of  tike  unim 
'—4md  a  eivil  war,  unless  th6  seduced  people  ofthat  section 
of  the  union  could  be  recovered  from  the  fistal  delusion  they 
laboured  under,  and  restored  to  their  reason. 

I  shall  veqr  briefly*  and  without  much  attention  to  order 
or  regularity*  eonrider  these  positions.  They  are  not 
entitled  to  a  serious  refhtatioo*  but  merely  as  they  have 
been  made  the  instruments  of  produokig  so  much  mischiet 

Before  I  touch  upon  the  commercial  points*  I  shall  offer 
a  few  observations  on  the  high  and  exalted  pretensions  of 
the  -people  of  the  eastern  states*  to  superior  morality  and 
relif^on,  over  the  rest  of  the  union.  Ihwe  has  not  been*  it 
is  true*  quite  so  much  parade  with  these  exclusive  claims  as 
on  the  sttlyect  of  oummcroe*  Perlmps  the  reason  is,  that 
there  was  no  pirfitieal  pui^se  to  be  answered  \^  them.— 
But  that  the  peo^e  of  that  section  of  the  union  are  in  gene- 
ral  thoroughl]^  persuaded  that  they  very  far  e;Eeel  the  relt 
of  the  nation  in  both  religion  and  morals,  no  man  who  has 
been  conversant  with  them  can  deny.  This  folly  of  self 
righteousness*  of  exalting  ourselves  above  others*  is  tuo  ge- 
neral all  over  the  world ;  but  no  whero  more  prevalent*  o!* 
to  greater  extent,  than  in  the  eastern  states.  To  pretend 
■to  institute  a  cun^parison  between  the  religion  and  morals 
of  the  people  of  Boston  and  those  of  Philadelphia*  New- 
York*  or  Baltimore*  would  be  regarded  as  equally  extrava- 
gant and  absurd,  with  a  comparisoi^  of  the  gambds  of  a 
cow  to  the  sprightly  and  elegant  curvetings  of  an  Arabian 
courser.  The  Be  v.  Jedidiah  Morse  has  in  some  degree  de- 
voted his  geography  Co*  and  disgraced  it  by*  the  perpetua- 
tion of  this  vile  prejudice.  Almost  every  page  that  respeets 
his  own  section  of  the  union  is  highly  encomiMtic.    He  ce- 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


269 


lourtwith  the  flattering  tinti  of  a  partial  ami  enamoured 
friend.  But  when  onoe  he  patsei  tlie  BUBquebannah,  what  a 
hideous  reverie  !•— Almost  every  thing  is  there  frightful 
oarioature.  Society  is  at  a  low  and  melaneholjr  ebb»  and 
all  the  sombre  tints  are  employed  to  elevatet  by  the 
eontrast)  his  favourite  Elvsium,  the  eastern  states.  He 
dips  his  'pen  in  gall  when  he  has  to  pourtray  thu  manners* 
or  habits*  or  religion*  of  Virginia  or  Maryland,  either  of 
the  Carolinas  or  Georgia,  or  the  western  country. 

I  should  enter  fbr  into  the  consideration  of  this  procedure 
of  Mr.  Morse*  but  that  it  has  been  ably  diseussed  by  a  su- 
pei'ior  pen.  The  editor  of  the  Port  Folio,  himself  a  decided 
federalist*  reprobates,  and  pronounces  a  Just  and  eternal 
oonderonation  on  the  illiberality  of  making  a  sohool*  or  in- 
deed any  other,  book*  a  vehicle  to  excite  animosities  between 
fellow  citizens  of  different  portions  of  the  same  nation. 

The  character  of  the  eastern  states  for  morality  has  been 
Tftrious  at  various  tiroes.  Not  long  since  it  whs  at  a  very 
low  ebb  indeed.  It  is  within  the  memory  of  those  over 
whose  chins  no  razor  has  ever  mowed  a  harvest*  that  Yan- 
kee and  sharper  were  regar '  ;:ii  as  nearly  synonimous.  And 
this  was  not  among  the  low  and  illiberal*  the  base  and  vulgar. 
It  pervaded  all  ranks  of  soeietv.  In  the  middlu  and  southern 
states  traders  were  universally  very  much  on  their  guard 
against  Yankee  tricks  when  dealing  with  those  of  the  east- 
ern. 

They  now  arrogate  to  themselves  (and*  for  party  purposes* 
their  claims  are  sometimes  admitted  by  their  politieal 
friends)  to  be*  as  I  have  stated,  a  superior  order  to  their  tal- 
low-citizens. They  look  down  upon  those  of  the  southward 
with  as  much  contempt,  and  with  as  much  foundation  too* 
us  did  the  Pharisee  of  old  on  the  despised  Publican. 

Bpth  of  those  views  are  grossly  erroneous.  They  never, 
as  a  people*  merited  the  opprobrium  uuder  which  they  for- 
merly laboured.  There  were,  it  is  true,  many  worthless  mis- 
creants among  them,  who*  on  their  migration  to  the  other 
states*  were  guilty  of  base  tricks,  which,  by  an  illiberality 
disgraceful  to  our  species,  but  nevertheless  very  common^ 
were  charged  to  the  account  of  the  entire  people  of  the 
eastern  states*  and  brought  them  under  a  most  undeserved 
odium. 

I  feel  a  pride  and  pleasure  in  doingjusticc  to  the  yeomanry 
of  the  eastern  states.  They  will  not  suffer  in  a  comparison 
with  the  same  class  of  men  in  any  part  of  the  world.  They 
are  upright*  sober*  orderly  and  regular — shrewd,  intelli- 
gent and  well  informed — and  1  believe  there  is  not  a  greater 
degree  of  genuine  native  urbanity  among  the  yeomanry  of 

I  i 


.•r.iM}' 


.',«•, 


tro 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


•nr  oonnCry  under  the  'wnopy  of  He»T<>' .  And  it  U  tameii. 
timt  MidnnMeounUble  how  they  bftve  vifiUr  ■^j^ed  tUelpnlfei  to 
be  10  egregiottily  duped  m  they  hftTe  been.  I  hM«  known 
then  long  -.  and  ny  reipeet  fbr  then  hue  grndnally  inereued 
in  proportion  ai  my  knowledge  of  thein  hni  extended.  But  I 
■hall  noTer  ndmit  any  exolutiTe  or  raoerenilnent  elaim  to  the 
vlrtvet  wkieh  I  know  they  potiest.  And  1  have  no  heiiutioa 
in  averring*  that  although  Boston,  or  Hartford.orNewhaven, 
may  exhifit' rather  more  appearanee  of  religion  and  piety, 
than  New-York,  or  Philadelphia,  or  Baltimore*  jti  the  lat- 
ter eities  posie«sas  mnoh  of  the  reottty*  It  would  aitonisk 
and  fHghten  many  of  the  pious  people  in  New-Tork  or  Pbl- 
ladelphia,  to  be  informed-.-but  they  may  nevertheless  rely 
upon  the  informatilon  as  indubitably  true->-that  a  lai^  por* 
tion  of  the  elergy  in  the  town  of  Boston,  are  absolute  Uni- 
tarians ;  and  seout  the  idea  of  the  divinity  of  Jesus  Cbriit 
at  eompletely  and  explieitly  as  ever  Dr.  Priestley  did,  TkMs 
is  a  digression.  I  dia  not  intend  to  introduce  it.  But  sinte 
it  is  here,  let  it  remain.  And  let  me  add,  that  the  presfin^l 
principal  of  Harvard  College  was  known  to  be  an  iJnitarian 
when  he  was  ehc*jd.  This  fact  establishes  the  very  great 
«:j(t!^7j;t  and  prevalence  of  the  doctrine. 


CHAPTER  XLTHl. 

Arrogance  of  tlie  Claims  of  the  Eaetem  Statei  on  the  nib- 
Ject  of  Gommeree,  StaHstieal  Tablet.  Comparison  of  the 
Exports  of  the  several  States, 

The  high  and  sounding  pretensions  of  the  eastern 
states  on  the  sulgeot  of  comineroe  have  been  almost  univer- 
sally admitted.  Mo  person  has  ever  thought  it  worth  while 
to  examine  into  thi  actual  state  of  the  facts.  It  has  beea 
presumed,  that,  in  a  matter  where  falsehood  and  dcoeuticn 
were  so  easily  detected,  such  oontident  assertions  would  not 
be  hazarded,  unless  they  rested  on  a  strong  foundation. 
And  in  drawing  the  line  -'f  demarcation  between  the 
eastern  states  and  the  rest  of  the  union,  in  the  minds 
of  the  mass  of  ihe  community,  all  to  the  north  and  east  of 
the  line  was  regarded  as  devoted  exclusively  to  commerce 
•-^11  to  the  south  and  west,  chiefly  to  agriculture. 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  conceive  a  greater  mistake.  Tlie 
reader  will  be  astonished  at  the  view  1  shall  lay  before  him. 
I  have  been  inexpressibly  surprised  myself,  and  even  now 
can  hardly  credit  my  own  statements.  They  are  neverthe- 
less indisputable. 


m 


TOE  OUYE  BBANCH. 


xn 


TABLE  A. 

Taik  ff  Bxp^B  Jhm  the  United  Staut,  ^  90REiOJf  and  HOMESTiO 
prtdHCtkiu  and  Mim»{facturtt,fi'»m  1791  to  1808.  Caix/W%  •xtracifdfrm 
tht  trmuuTf  rttwiu. 


• 

Mutaehntette 

Akw.r«r*. 

Penniylvmla.  S.  CortHna. 

.MbtftaiA 

\m 

£3.519,000 

3.505,000 

3,436^000 

3,693,000 

vmfioa 

17W 

3,888,000 

S;535,00U 

3,830,000 

3/M8,000 

9^893,000 

tm 

3.755,000 

3,933,000 

6^958,000 

1^191.000 

9»085tOOO 

1794 

5,393,000 

5,443,000 

6,643.00^" 

3JB67UXN) 
5,9M,000 

5,811.000 

1795 

7,117,000 

10,304,000 

11,518 

1790 

9,949,000 

13,308,000 

17,5 

''.«30,000 

9,901,000 

1797 

7.503,000 

13,308,000 

11. 

sooo 

9^1,000 

1798 

8,639,000 

14,300,000 

8,9  i 

i.000 

19,746^000 

1799 

11,431,000 

18,719,000 

12,431 

9,000 

16;M»,000 

1900 

11,336,000 

14,045,000 

11,949..  ,. 

iu.6&l,000 

13,904,000 

IWl 

14,870^000 

19,851,000 

17,438,000 

14,304^000 

13,767,000 

1103 

13,493,000 
98,770,000 

13,792,000 
139,941,000 

12,677,000 
134,744,000 

10,639,000 
83.631,000 

7,914^000 

101,036^000 

Ctnneetieut. 

Mhode  hland. 

Virginia. 

Getrgta.  MMompMrt. 

1791 

2710,000 

41T0,QM 

3,131,000 

491.000 

143,000 

1793 

879,000 

698.000 

3,5$3,000 

459,000 

181,000 

1793 

770,000 

616,000 

3,987,000 

520,000 

198,000 

1794 

813,000 

954,000 

3,321,000 

363,000 

153,000 

1795 

819,000 

1,22^,000 

3,490,000 

695,000 

339,000 

1796 

1,453,000 

1,589,000 

5,268,000 

950,000 

378/»0 

1797 

814,000 

975,000 

4,908,000 

644,000 

375,000 

i75S 

763,000 

947,000 

6,113,000 

961,000 

361,000 

179V 

1,143,000 

1,055,000 

6,392,000 

1,396.000 

361,000 

18U0 

1,114.000 

1,322,000 

4,430,000 

1.174.C00 

431,000 

1801 

1,446,000 

1,832,000 

5,655,000 

1  755,000 

555,000 

1803 

1,606/)00 

2,433.000 

3,978,000 

1,854.000 

565,009 

12,338,000 

14,113,000 

53,125,000 

11.162,000 

3,829,000 

Vermont 

JV.  Carolina.            JVew  Jertey. 

J>elonare' 

179t 

524,000 

26,000 

119,000 

1792 

527,000 

23.000 

133,000 

1793 

365,000 

54,000 

93,000 

1794 

321,000 

58,000 

307,000 

1795 

492,000 

130,000 

158,000 

1796 

671,000 

59,000 

301,000 

1797 

540,000 

18,000 

98^000 

1798 

537,000 

61,000 

,  183,000 

1799 

20,000 

485,000 

9,000 

997.000 

1800 

57,000 

769,000 

3,000 

418^000 

1801 

57,000 

874,000 

35,000 

663,000 

1803 

31,000 

659,000 

26,000 

440,000 

165,000 


6,764,000 


491,000 


3,009,000 


JV.  B,  In  the  preceding  table  of  exports,  the  figures  below  thousands 
are  uniformly  omitted,  as  not  material  to  tlie  calcuiation<'and  affecting 
equally  both  sides  of  the  question. 


m 


'  r 


,^-^ 


oM^- 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


^   »£    12.0 


M 


lllllj.25  1  M.  ||.6 

lllll:^^^     nil  ^^s     lllll^^^ 

^ 

6"     

► 

Hiolographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTIR.N.Y.  USaO 

(716)  S72'4S03 


soft 


TKB  iHlXVM  BRANCH. 


ConaaraUce  vkw§  of  the  eaeporU  frpm  tkt  differeiU  ataUit 
igf foreign  omA  domentie  artieU8,from  1791  to  18(KI»  ineltt- 
'   tivOy,    See  TaUe  A. 

,,  I.  B^ryiud  eipbtied  eight  tifiies  as  mneh  ai  Conneeii- 
ontj  lefeli  tittiet  as  i^eli  n%  Rho4e  Island} ^wo  |ier  cent. 
rntiH  than  <*  the  great  oonimeroial  state'^  of  Massaehusetts ; 
s^rery  nearfjr^s  mneli  at  Massaohusetts,  Newhampshire 
afiid  Termoift  united.   '' 


llu7Uh4       • 
IfMiMchawtts 
M«w  IIiiii[Mliire 
-Vermont     .  • 

Ck)nnecticat     ^  • 
Rhodie  Island 


98.770,000 

3,839,000 

1«5,000 


101,036,000 


103,764,000 
13,338,000 
14^113,000 


II.  Maryland  exported  aJbovetAree  hundred  and  thirty 
per  eeiU%  more  than  ^Tewhampehiret  Ver^wntr  Conneetieut, 
and  JBhode  lelami. 

-       ...  .  .       101,026,000 

...  3,839,000 


M^ImmI  . 

itiiw  Hampalure 


Vermont 
Conniecticu^ 
lll}C|de  Island 


165,000 
13.338^00& 
14,113,000 


a0b435,000 


ni.  South  Carolina  exported  nearly  six  times  as  mqeh 
as  Rhode  Island ;  nearly  seven  times  as  much  as  Gonneeti- 
eut ;  above  twenty  tiitees  as  inuoh  as  Newhampshire ;  500 
times  as  mueh  as  Vermont ;  and  one  hundred,  and  seventy 
pev  cent,  more  than  those  four  states. 


Soiith  Carolina 
New  Hampshire 
Conneetieut 
Riiode  Island 
Vermont 


3,839,000 
12,338,000 
14,113.000 
165,000 


83,631,000 


30,435,000 

TV.  Virginia  exported  seventy-three  per  eent.  more  than 
the  four  minor  eastern  states. 

Vin^ia  .       -        ....  .        .        53,125,000 

K.  Hampshire*  Vermont,  &c.    See  Ko.  3.  >  • .,  >. .,  30,435,000 

,V.  „  Virginia  and    South   Carolina  exported;eight  per 
cent,  more  than  the  iive  ** great  eommereial  eastern  states,** 

^3.135,000 
83,631.000 


Viri^Qia 
South  Carolina 


Massachusetts  ... 

K.  Hampshii-e,  Vermont,  &c.  See  No.  3. 


98,770,000 
30.435,<M)0 


136,756,000 


129,205,000 

VI.    North  Carolina  exporteil  seventy  per  cent,  more 
than  New  Hampshire  and  Vermuut. 


THE  OIJITB  branch: 


1^ 


Wordi  Ctralina          .        .                     .       .          .  5,764,000 

Nev  Haanptbiiie       -  .        .       -       •           -       3,839,000  ,  ,<  >l 

Vendont           -       -          .     *     -           -       -       16^000  •',.* 

/ ^—  3JM0 

yil.  Geof|^  exported  nearly  as  maeh  at  Comieetieiitrf  < 

Connecticut        ,  -       •       -       -  ,    .       -       .       , 

yill.  03^  The  flvt  9ovthem  itaUi  exported  nearly  hokt 
08 much  OB  the Jhe great  eiuteruttatea!!!  ^^< 

Mai7luwl\  -  •                  101/)36,000           /W 

Virginia             .  ■  .          53,135,000 

North  Carofina    .  .  .                      6,764,000 

Sooth  Carolina  -^   •  -         93,631,000 

Georgia  •  •                    13,162^0 

^356,708,300 

five  eastern  states.  See  No.  5.  '  .  •                       VtS^SftQi^ 

TX.  Pennsylvania  exported  nearly  as  muoh  as  the  **  five 
gr0al:  oommereial  eastern  states." 

Pennsylvania  .  >  134^744,000 

Five  eastern  states.    See  No.  5.         •  •  139,905,000 

'■;"''  '.'^    .  TABLE  B.  '■■■'■■ 

rOREIOJ^  J^JIODUCTIOM^  and  MAJ^TUFACTURES  «xp»ted  fhtii 

the  United  State*  from  1803  to  1813.    Carefully  taken  from  the  t^eaeuTg;^ 

retumo.  ... 


1103 
1104 
IMS 
1B06 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1813 
1813 


Maitachutettt. 

SS  9,369,^ 

10,591,000 

13,799,000 

14,577,000 

13,926,000 

3,619,000 

6,119,000 

7,851,000 

5,198,000 

8,648,000 

894,000 


^ev-York. 

3,191,000 

8,590,000 

15,384,OgO 

13,709.000 

16.400/)00 

3,843,000 

.4,839,000 

6,313,000 

3,518,000 

8,358,000 

1,184,000 


Pem^hania. 

3,504,000 

6,951,000    . 

9,397,000 

13,909,000 

18,055,000 

8,946,000 

4,910,000 

6,341,000 

3,965,000 

l,313,0rO 

387,U)0 


S  Carolin4. 

947,000 

8,309,000 

3,109,000 

8,946,000 

3,783,000 

860,000, 

3«5,000 

408.000 

310,000 

11,«)00 

53,000 


Maryland. 
1,371,000 
9,813,000 
7,450,000 
10,919,000 
10,1^88,000 
1,956,000 
4,056,000 
3,81S/X)0 
8,820,000 
1,989^K)0 
1,005,000 


81«S94tOOO 

79,0^8,000 

65,119,000 

14,480,000 

50,814,000 

'?'"■■ 

C'onnertJctif. 

Shode-hland. 

Virginia. 

Georgia.  A*. 

Bampthire^ 

1803 

JS  10,000 

611,000 

151,000 

85,000 

51,000 

1804 

89,000 

917,000 

395,000 

74,000 

868,000 

1805 

90,000 

1.506,000 

660,000 

43,000 

318,000 

1806 

193,000 

1,148,000 

438,000 

383,000 

1807 

105,000 

915,000 

367,000 

34,000 

ai4<ooo 

1808 

15,000 

103,000 

18,000 

^009 

1809 

11,000 

686,000 

107,000 

85,000 

1^10 

5,000 

456,000 

18y,ooo 

3,000 

9,000 

1811 

39,000 

636,000 

33,000 

11,000 

«S,Q0O 

1818 

150,000 

17,000 

,9.000 

1813 

,  5,000 

8,000 

190,000 

501,000 

6,953.000 

8,355,000    • 

1,386,000 

IN 


-TOB  ObiVE  BHAHfiO. 


exv 

P^WfHMM* 

^.CortlfiM.    A 

ftnhJtTMlf. 

JDtluwin, 

tm 

flfdOOO 

M/)00 

• 

nfiooo 

1104 

MiOOO 

OHXX) 

fr/no 

18,000 

WOyOOO 

IIM 

lOMIOD 

COOO 

7,ooa 

sr4/No 

iK 

SS,000 

4,000 

s/xw 

1«1/W> 

as,ooo 

,  • 

t/no 

70^000 

not 

4f.M0 

MMX» 

4l,tfOO 

iito 

ft^Oltt 

SiOOO 

sr/xio 

«,000 

itit 

801,000 

4»000 

iita 

131/100 

IIM 

1,000 

tjon/M 


61,000 


107,000 


1,71S,000 


HmfaraHM  vkwt 


oedinf  TabtoB. 


1803  <o  1813.    See  pre* 


I.  MarylMid  experted  aWrv  fire  tliiiM  m  nmeh  tB  tha 
fimf  minor  ««i(eni  itatei. 


Maryland 

Conneotiout 
Bho^Uland 
New  Hampahire 
Vermont 


501,000 
6h9f3i000 
1,3801.000 
1,075,000 


50,914000 


9.915,000 

II.  South.  Carolina  OxporCed  nearlj  twieo  $»  maeh  ai 
Coaaeetieut  and  Rhode  luand ;  above  tea  times  at  mnoh  as 
Bfew  Hampshire ;  and'  aboTe  forQr  per  eent.  more  than  (die 
ibar  minor  eastern  st> 


Sooth  Carolina 
Connecticut 
Bhode  bland 

Mew  Hainp»nL« 

Floor  minor  tentefn  atates.  No.  1. 


501,000 
0.953,000 


14.430.000 


7,454,000 
1.386.000 
9,915,000 


HI.  Maryland  and  South  Carolina  exporied  nearly  eighty 
per  eer t.  of  (he  amount  exported  by  Massaehusetts. 

Bfai^iand  •  .  50,31i000 

•ootli  Carolina  -  .  14,430.000 

. —  64.634^ 
Maaaaehuaetta  ,.  .  .       81.314.000 

lY.  Virginia  exported  above  twenty  per  oeat.  more  than 
Conaeetient  and  New  Hampshire.   . 


Yiffinia 
Connecticut 
New  Hampshire 


501.000 
1.386,000 


3,355.000 


1,887,000 


t«B  ouvE  muireii. 


»$ 


TABLBC.  "  ''- 

aOMESTtC  PM0DUCTI0JfatmdMAJWFACTUBB89»pmtijHW 
tkt  thtui  AofN  yVMi  1803  M  1813,  cat^fnUy  ixmuttd  J)tm  the  tnO' 


1808 
1804 
180S 
1808 

i8or 

1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1819 
1813 


05,390,000 

«,303i0Q0 
SjKTfiQO 
6j8itJ000 
6,185,000 
1408.000 
0,018/100 
5,761.000 
6^049.000 
3.934000 
M13,00^ 


1808 
1804 
1801 
1806 

i8or 

1808 
1809 
1810 
18U 
1818 
1813 


7,696^000 
7,501/MO 
8.098,000 
8.053,000 
9,957,000 
9,369,000 
8,348,000 
10.998^000 
8,747.000 
6.603.000 
7.060.000 


Pttmighmata. 

4^031,000 
4.178,000 
4,365,000 
3,765,000 
4,809,000 
1.066.000 
4,9S8/)00 
4.751^)00 
5.604,000 
4,660,000 
3.949,000 


S.  C(Or#Jbia. 

6.863,000 
5,149,000 
5,957,000 
6.797.080 
7,199.000 
1.404,000 
9.861.000 
4381,000 
4A50,000 
9,0<4k000 


3.938.000 
3,408,000 
9,661^il000 
4/)16yOOO 
764/MO 
9,570,000 
3.975,000 
4,553.000 
3,95^000 
9,789;000 


54.9661000      85,983,000     44,796,000      50,593.000      36^630,000 


CtHfteeHeut. 

Bl.938/)00 

1.400.000 

1,353,000 

1,598,000 

1.519.000 

397,000 

655.000 

T62/W0 

994.000 

790/)00 

908,000 


X.  hland. 

664.000 
917.000 
1.065.000 
949.000 
741.000 
139.000 
658,000 
874,000 
944.000 
6(M/)00 
934,000 


VirgMa. 

5.949.000 
5,394,000 
4.945.000 
4.636,000 
4,393,000 
508,000 
9,786.000 
4.638,000 
4,798,000 
9,983,000 
1,819,000 


9,345,000 
9,003,000 
9,351,000 

82,000 
3,710.000 

94.0^ 

9,934/)00 
9,557.000 
1,066.000 
1,094/100 


443/)00 
453,000 
38^090 
411,000 
365^000 
199jq00 
90UOOO 
995,008 
3U,000 
194/)00 
29,000 


11,614,000        7,789,000       49,833,000       18,548,000       3,147,000 


180O 

1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1813 
1813 


r<trm«fM.  y.CaroHna.  A.  Jer««y  Delauart  OrUoM. 

g  89,000 
135,000 
10l,000 

91.000 
148,000 

83,000 
195,000 
406.000 

39,000 
7,000 


996,000 
919,000 
767,000 
786,000 
740,000 
117,000 
329.000 
401,000 
793.000 
489,000 
795,000 


91,000 
94,000 
20,000 
26,000 
36.000 
12,000 
269,000 
392,000 
1.000 
4,000 
10,000 


187,000 

180,000 

77,000 

125,000 

77,000 

38,000 

96^000 

79,000 

76,000 

29,000 

133,000 


1,392.000 
2,338,000 
2.357,000 
3,161/100  . 
£37,000 

aufido 

1,753,000 
2,501,000 

i,oi2,ooa 

1,013,000 


CaAtmMo. 

i.4t%oeD 

1,157,000 

1,135,000 

1,091,000 

1,363,000 

281,000 

GSlfiOO 

984,000 

2,060.000 

1.593.000 

1,387/MO 


1.917,000    7,055,000    815,000  1,097,000    16,408,000        13,144000 

ComparoHve  viaoa  ofiomeatic  article*,  exporledfrom  180S 

to  iSta.    See  preceding  Table  C. 

I.  South  Carolina  exported  within  eight  per  cent,  of  the 

whole  amount  exported  by  Massachusetts;  nearlj  seven 

ttmeg  as  much  as  Rhode  Island ;  above  four  times  as  muoh 


«1t 


TTO  auvK  mumii. 


ai  Conneetieut ;  and  aboTe  twioa  at  muoh  aatbe  fonr  minor 
«aitorn  itatei. 


Botttk  Carolina 
Manaehoaetts 
Vcw  Hampahifo 
Vtrmont 
Connecticut 
Hhode  bland 


3,147,000 

1,317.000 

11,614,000 

7,789,000 


50«S3S,000 
M,985,000 


33,767,000 

f  >ll.  Yii^aia  and  Maryland  exported  more  than  all  tlie 
,  eattem  statei. 

Virginia  .  43,833,000 

Maiykuid  36.630,000 

.  "    ^  —^79,463,000 

MiMaaohuMtt*  64,985,000 

N.  Hamp.  Verm.  R.  Iiland,  and  Conn.  33,767,000 

78,753,000 

III.  North  Carolina  exported  almost  sevenfy-flve  per 
eent.  more  than  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont)  Mid  nearly 
as  mueh  as  Rhode  Island. 

NotthCaralina  7,055,000 

New  Hampshire  3,147,000 

Vermont  .  .  1,317^)00 

4,364,0ri0 

Miode  Island  7,789000 

lY.  North  Carolina  and  Georgia  exported  morti  than  the 
liMir  minor  eastern  states. 

KoHh  Carolina  7,055,000 

lieorgia               .                        .  «        18,548,000 

*^  «— — ^  35,603,000 

New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  &c.  (No.  1.)  .                33,767,000 

,  y.  Georgia  exported  nearly  twenty  per  cent,  more  than 
Conneetieutt  New  Hampshire^  and  Vermont. 

18,548,006 
11,614,000 


Georgia 
C<tanecticat 
Kew  Hampshire 
Vermont 


3,147,000 
1,217,000 


15,977,000 

VI.  The  district  of  Colombia  and  the  state  of  Georgia 
exported  tliirty  per  cent,  more  than  New-HampshirCf  Ver- 
mont«  Conneetieut*  and  Rhode  Island. 

Columbia  •  •  13,144,000 

Georgia  ^  .  .  18.548,000 

^ 31,693,000 

New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Connecticut,  be.  (No.  1.)        •       33,767,000 

VII.  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  South  Carolina*  exported 
abOYc  sixty  per  cent,  more  than  the  Ave  eastern  states. 

Virginia  <  -  -  43.833,000 

Maryland  -  •  -  36,630,000 

South  Carolina  •  •  50,583,000 

129,986,000 

Five  eastern  states  (in  No.  2.)  -^  78,752,000 


TOE  OUTBlBAlfCIL 


ftn 


VIU.  The  dittriet  of  OilMBliift,  of  tea  iqilM  Miiire, 
«WoH#4  Bon  thu  New  Uattpdklre,  TeriMit,  aad  BMt 


ColQinbU 
Vew  Hanpihlie 
VenMUt 


3,147,000 
1,317,0001 
r,789,000 


13.153,000 

,IX.  Th6  lUte  of  Virginia  eyportefl  aboye  half  at  naeli 

ai  the  fire  eaitera  itatet. 

Viffkiw  .-  43.833,000 

The  five  eut«m  itates  (No.  3.)        '  ;  .  •        TI^TC^OOO 

X.  Virginia  ezported'nearlj  as  maoli*  apd  Soaih  C^lioa 
Jburteen  per  eent  more  than  PenniylTania. 

Virffini*  •  .  .  43,833,000 

^otttbOarollM  ...       40,433,000 

jP«Mit]FhruiU  4VMkOOQ 

3U.  Virginia  exported  five  haadred  and  filly  pan  e«nt 
more  than  Rhode  Itland  ;-*three  hnndred  and  flitr  per  eepC* 
more  than  Conneetiout ;  and  almost  a  thousaiiQper  eeat. 
more  thaa  N«w  Hampshire  and  Vermont* 

Virginia  .  .  .  43,833,000 

Rhode  Itlmd  .  .  7,789.000 

Ooniie<itieut  •  -     :  -  11,614^000 

New  HMnpthire  .       -    '        .  3,147,000 

Vefmont  .  .  1,317,000 

— —   4.364,000 

more  thou  JliaesaehuadtaJ 


ColumbiA 
Virginia 


13,144k000 
43.833,000 


55,977,009 
54»986,000 


Massachofettt 

XIII.  (p*  Tke  district  qf  Columbia  exjfqrteA  more  thgn 
Connecticut  and  rermont. 

Columbia    ,       ^         •  .  •  13,144^000 

Conneotieut  •  •  11,614;000 

Venaont  •  •  1.371,000 

13.331,000 

XIV.  jp^  South  CaroUi>u  and  Oetrngia  exported  more 
than  MaMmhuUttff  Shode  UUrnd,  JCew  Hampshire  an^ 
KermonY. 

South  Carottna  •                    >             50,533,000 

Qeoigia  .                     •                        38,548.000 

M    '  ■  69,071,000 

ilaiMehiuettt  •                    .             54,986,000 

tthodeUUnd  -                     -                        ,i7,789,00D 

New  Qaptpahite  •                     •               3,147.000 

Vermont  -                    -                         1,317,000 

••^■•:>-  «  .      •■  .  ,                                    I.!.  ■  .,*.■■  67/89.000 

xk 


ffr 


THB  OUVE  BRANCH. 


XV.  8011U1  Cwolinft  •iporC«d  mbore  400  p«r  eeiit.  MtN 

thM  Oonneetieiit  t  aboTe  tlx  hundred  per  ecnt  wore  than 

Rhode  IiUad}  and  aboTe  one  hundred  'and  flfly  per  eent. 

Moro  than  theie  two  itatei. 

SoatiiCvwUna  5(^S33.000 

Coimectioat  '•  •      >  •     v,     U,6M,000 

Rhode  bland  -  7,789,000 

XYI.  Maryland  exported  above  fifty  per  eent.  more  than 
the  four  minor  eastern  •tattfi. 

MaryUmd  •  •  •  36fi30,(M 

Ftour  minor  eaatem  tUtea  (No.  1.)  •         33,767,000 

XVII.  North  Carolina  and  Georgia  exported  n^ore  than 

the  fbur  minor  eastern  states. 

North  Carolina  ....  7.055,000 

Oeorvia  -  •  •  18,584,000 

'       a5,«9S,000 
Foor  oiimr  eastern  atitei  (No.  I.)  >  •  33,787,000 

XVIII.  Sooth  Cirolina*  Col«mbia»  and  Ne^-Orltfans, 
exported  more  than  the  five  eastern  states. 

SoathCa^iA           •.          •  -           .           5p,533,000 

Columbia                  •           -  .           .           13,144,000 

,  New  Orleans                        -  ■                     16.408,900 

^  »    80,075,000 

Vi«s  eastern  sUtCB  (No.  3.)  ....         78.753,000 

XIX.  The  five  south<pm  states,  the  district  of  CoIuml>iB, 
and  New  Orleans,  exported  aliove  two  hundred  and  thirty 
l^r  eent.  more  than  ue  five  eastern  states,  and  within  ten 
per  eent.  as  mueh  as  the  middle  and  eastern  states. 

Virginia,  Maryland,  and  South  Carolina,  (No.  7.)    139,986,000 


North  CaroUna 
Georgia 
Columbia 
New  Orleans 


Five  eastern  states  (No.  3.) 

New-York 

Pennsylvania 


7,055,000 
18.548,000 
18,144,000 
16.408,000 


78,753,000 
86,383,000 
44^795,000 


185,141,000 


308,831,040 

I  am  tired  of  this  investigation.  I  sioken  for  the  honour 
of  the  human  speeies.  What  idea  must  the  world  form  of 
the  iirroganoe  of  the  pretensions  on  the  one  sideband,  on 
the  other,  of  tho  folly  and  weakness  of  Ihe  rest  of  the  unioD. 
to  have  so  long  suffered  them  to  pass  without  exposure  acd 
deteetipn! 

The  nalied  foot  is,  that  the  demaeogues  in  the  eastero 
states,  not  satisfied  with  deriving  all  the  benefits  from  the 
southern  section  of  the  union,  tlwt  they  would  fW>m  so  nuuny 
wealthy  colonies— with  nuiking  princely  fortunes  by  t|ke 
fMriage  and  exportation  of  its  bulky  and  valuable  prodoe- 


THE  OLIVE  MA19Ce. 


m 


Umi— aimI  lopplying  It  iriUi  their  own  mtnuflMtarei,  and 
the  nuuiDflioturei  ftod  pro<li|otioai  of  Europe*  mh|  the  East 
ind  West  Ittdieff  to  an  eaof  BOi|f  aBoattt*  iuMi  at  an  iainwnM 

IiroAt— have  uaiformly  treated  it  with  oatrage*  imult*  and 
Djorj.  Andt  regardioM  of  their  vital  intcireiti»  the  eastern 
itatei  were  lately' eottrting  their  own  deitmoti^iii,  W  allow- 
ing a  few  reetloM*  turbulent  men  to  lead  them  bliiidlolded  to 
a  Mparationt  which  was  prtgnantwUh  thdr  certain  tuin. 
Wlummer  thai  eeeiU  take»  jnaee,  they  eink  t6  their  ntUtoe 
iiuiSHifieanee, 

If  a  Mparation  were  desirable  to  aajr  part  of  the  union*  it 
would  be  to  the  middle  and  southern  states,  partienlarly  the 
latter*  who  have  been  so  long  harassed  with  the  eompuunts* 
the  restlessness*  the  turbulenee*  and  the  ingratitude  of  the 
eastern  states*  that  Uieir  patience  has  bMU  taxed  almost 
beyond  endurance.  *<  Jeehurun  waoced  fat,  and  Uekei," 
And  he  will  be  severely  punished  for  his  kicking,  in  the 
event  of  a  dissolution  of  the  unidn. 

It  ought  to  be  observed*  that  a  very  large  portion  of  the 
eiporcs  flrom  the  eastern  states*  consists  in  the  productions 
of  the  southern  states,  flrst  transported  to  Boston  and  other 
ports*  eoaitwise.  So  that  even  the  comparisons  I  have 
made*  which  are  so  mortal  to  the  pretensions  of  the  eastern 
slates*  place  them  on  far  better  ground  than  they  really  de- 
serve. For  example— suppose  among  the  exports  of  these 
states  two  millions  of  dollars*  worth  of  cotton*  one  million 
of  dollars'  worth  of  flour*  one  miUion  of  dollars*  worth  of 
naval  stores*  all  drawn  from  the  southern  or  middle  states 
—•they  appear  four  millions  of  dolk^t'  r;)tronger  on  the  face 
of  the  argument,  than  they  are  in  fact  and  in  truth.  And 
there  is  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  ease  to  a  vast  extent. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

ComparUon  of  the  exporte,  foreign  and  domesHet  of  the  iif- 
ferentetatee,from  i79ytai%l$.    Olance  at  tonnage. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  form  a  fkir  comparison  between 
the  commerce  of  the  different  states,  I  annex  a  synoptical 
view  of  the  whole  of  our  exports  from  the  organization  of 
the  federal  government  till  the  close  of  1813.  He  will  see* 
at  a  Sineto  ^ance,  how  veiy  erroneous  are  the  opinions  that 
have  hitherto  prevailed  on  this  subject  $  and  how  high  even 
the  foreign  oommerue  of  the  southern  states  soars  over  that 
of  the  boasted  **  commercial  etatet**  » 


TUB  OUVB  BEANCV. 


9mitraHHal9fMstitti$^Ftrtisn  and  DtmtHt  pr^dttelUiu  frtmthtgttr 

imtaHUi  imtkuiv*. 

MuHtehmmltt.     JfemTwk.  Ptmrnhmidm.  8.  CanUm,  MmnOuni, 

A        WmjM       139,941,000    134.m.000  89.ttl.000  lOl,09M)0 

nfiSifiM     «5,118.000  IMSObOOO  50.914,000 

S5.3I3.000      44,796.000  50.533.000  S6,fl90/I00 


C       54.9M/)00 


0335,079.000       393,3^6.000    334,638000      148,574000     187.870,000 


Ctmrnstimiit. 
A       134in^00 
tk  501,000 

G        1).614,0Q0 


14.113.000  53.135/»0 
6,951,000  3.355,000 
7y99Jim     43.833,000 


i.l35/»0 


(?Mr|ia..  JV.JSrM^^'r*, 

13.163,000        3.839.000 

190,000        1,386.000 

18,548,000        3.147,000 


S»M43>000         38.855.000     98.313,000       30.900,000       8.363,0000 

Verm»nt.  ^.CartHna.  JV.  Jeritjf   Ihktmar*    Orteatu.   Columbia. 

A           165,006  6,784,000  491,000      3.009,000 

B        IfiTSjOOO        61,000  187.000      1.713,000 

e        4,3;7.000  7.055,000  815,000     1.097.000   16.408000  13,144,000 

II  .  I  J'  — ■    '     I 

S(  3,457,000  13,88a,000      1,313.000     5,819,000  1Q,408.000  13,144,000 

EXPLANATION. 

T)ie  first  Ihe,  A,  U  tdcen  from  the  die  table  A,  page  371.  It  eontiun*  the 
whole  amount  of  the  exports  of  fineiga  aiid  domestic  articles,  from  1791  to 
1803. 

The  second  line,  B,  is  taken  from  table  B,  page  373.  It  contuns  the  whole 
.  of  the  fbreign  articled  exported  from  1803  to  1813. 

The  third  line.  0,  is  taken'from  the  table  0.  page  375.  It  contains  all  the 
domestic  articles  exported  from  1803  to  18i3. 


Eaitem  Section. 

JWddte  Section. 

Southern  Section. 

Mass.         335,075^)00 

N.  Jersey 

1,313,000 

Maryland 

187,8ro,000 

I(.  Ham.         8,363,000 

Delaware 

5,519,000 

Virginia 

98,313,000 

Vermont        3,457,000 

N.  York 

*3,276,000 

N.  Carolina 

13,880,000 

R.  Island      28,855,000 

Penn. 

334,658,000 

8.  Carolina 

148,574,000 

Counec        24,443,000 

• 

Georgia  . 
Orleans    . 

30,900,000 
16,408,000 

Columbia 

13,144,000 

S  399,102,000 

534,766,000 

509,089,000 

I  cannot  aHow  these  tables  to  pass  without  requesting 
atte  ntion  to  them  in  the  most  Jiartieular  manner.  •  As  they 
throw  an  immense  flood  of  light  on  a  subject  most  egre> 

glously  misunder^toodf  and  on  which  the  most  rutnoiis  errors 
aye  prcTailedf  it  behoves  the  reader  to  test  his  opinibins  by 
thero»  and  lay  aside  the  prejudices  and  misconceptions,  if 
any*  which  he  may  have  formed  on  these  topics. 

All  the  late  confusioui  the  tendency  to  disorganize  the 
country*  to  overturn  the  government*  and  to  introduce  civil 
war.  arose  from  the  errors  prevailing  on  the  suMect  of  coin* 
roeree,  of  which  the  eastern  states  pretended  to  be*  and 
were  absurdly  and  ridiculously  believed,  the  exclusive  guar- 
dians and  protectors.    It  is  now  clearly  and  indisputably 


THB  OUWaBANOH. 


M 


•iteUiihfedf  that  the  eommeree  of  the  eMtcra  it  ttir^f  ftr 
indeed  inibrior  to  that  of  the  MHilheni  itatet.  It  i^ipMn* 
bejond  the  poeiiblUty  of  doaht  or  deai«l>  that  the  Uw  eae-' 
tern  ttatei,  liDee  the  formation  of  the  goTomnMat*  ha?o 
exported  of  foreiga  and  domeitie  artielef*  (ji^iaeliuiinf  an 
jmnenie  awoMit  tf  mmilum  prodiiedMif » wuj  ahoni 

S9»,000,000  doUan, 

of  wliieh  a  vast  proportion  wai  of  foreign  prodnetloal*  Bat 
that  the  soathem  itatet  hare  in  the  tame  period  eiq^orted 
to  foreign  eountriet  no  lett  a  tum  tlian         ^ 

509«ooo»00o  doUartf 

(j3*pr{ite(pally  vf  thdr.  own  prodaeHotit  or  manit/raetiirefy 
exelotive  of  the  prodigiout  amount  of  their  eotton.  tobaoeo» 
rieot  nayal  ttoret»  &o.  exported  bpr  the  eaitern  ttatet.  'lite 
lottthem  teetion  of  the  union*  whieh  hat  been  to  evumjt  to 
wioliedljr,  so  nijustly  vilified  and  oalnmniated  for  itt  liot- 
tility  to  eommoree*  it  therefore  actually  more  interested  in . 
its  preter?ation  than  the  eastern  states,  in  the  pniportion  of 
Jhe  to  three.  There  is  no  instanee  to  be  fouad,  of  so  palpa- 
Die»  so  gross,  so  unfounded  a  palumny*  resting  on  sueh  a 
landy  foundation,  so  open  to  deteeUon,  and  so  pTeenant  with 
most  ruinous  consequences,  having  remaiaed  sA long  witlipt  ^ 
oat  invettigation*  .' 


From  a  view  of  the  preoeding  tables,  it  appears  that  the 
commerce  of  four  of  the  eastern  states  is  to  the  last  degree 
insignifioant,  compared  with  that  of  the  southern  states,  as 
will  appear  on  the  following  comparisons : — 

I.  Virginia  since  the  organization  of  the  government  has 
exported  ftiur  times  as  much  as  Connecticut ;  more^than 
three  times  as  much  as  Khode  Island;  twelve  times  as 
much  as  New  Hampshire;  forty  times  as  much  as  Ver- 
mont; and  above  fifty  per  cent,  more  than  those  four 
states.  • 


Connecticut 
Rhode  Island 
New  Hampshire 
Vermont 


24,4i3,000 

23,855,000 

8,363,000 

2.457^000 


98,313/)00 


64,117,000 

II.  Maryland  has  exported  nearly  eight  times  as  much 
as  Connecticut ;  above  six  times  us  much  as  Rhode  Island ; 
twenty  three  times  as  much  as  New  Hampshire;  and 
almost  three  times  as  much  as  the  lour  miimr  eastern 
states. 


THE  OUVB  BBillf  CR. 


MwylMd  > 

CoMMtieat. 

IbodsbbM 

McwlhaipihlM 

VtroMBt 

m. 


3444&X)00 
38,itS5,000 


WjtfQJM 


64knr,ooo 


m.  North  Carollm  hM  exi   fled  Almoi  1  thirtjr  p«r  e«iit. 
more  thM  New  Himpibire  ana  f ermoaC. 


North  Cfrplbw 
M^wBm^Mhire 

VctBMBt 


8.369,000 
3,457.000 


10319,000 

rV.  Qeorria  bfti  eiporCed  more  than  Conneetiout  or 
Shode  Ithwd;  and  almost  three  times  at  mueh  at  New- 
Hampshire  and  Vermont. 


G«orgi» 
ConiMCtieut 
Rhoda  Ulmd 
New  Hampihire 
VemMnt 


8,3«3.000 
3.457.000 


SO.400,000 
34.443,000 
38,855.000 


10,891.000 

y.  South  Carolina  has  exported  above  five  times  as  mueh 
as  Rhode  Island ;  above  six  times  as  mueh  as  Connecticut ; 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  per  cent,  more  than  the  four 
minor  easterii  states. 

*     South  Carolina                     •  .                     .     <  148,574,000 

Rhode  Island           •                      .     :  •                      34,855,000 

Connecticut                        •  •                     .         34,443.000 

Four  minor  eastern  states  (See  No.  t.)  •                    64,117.000 

TI.  New  Orleans  and  the  district  of  Columlria  have  ex- 
ported more  of  domestic  froduelion$  in  eleven  jrcars,  than 
either  Conoeoticut  or  Hhode  Island  in  twenty  three*  uf 
foreign  and  domealie* 

New  Orleans  .  •  16,408,000 

Columbia  .  .  13,144,000 

29,552,000 

Connecticut  -  -  r  34.443,000 

9hode  Island  .  .  .  28,855,000 

YII.  New  Orleans  has  exported  nearly  twice  as  mueh  in 
eleven  years*  as  New  Hampshire  in  twenty  three. 

New  Orleans  .  •  •  16,408,000 

New  Hampshire,  .  •  8,363,000 

Till*  QJ^  Virginia,  J^aryland,  and  Columbia,  have  ex- 
ported more  than  the  whole  Jhe  eastern  stales  i! HI! 

Maryland  ■  .  187,870,000 

Virginia  .  .  98,313,000  . 

.    Columbia  .        .  .  13,144,000 

S3J  C27000!-' 
Five  eastern  states  -  •  299,'l92,UO0 ! ' ! 

IX.  i^l3^  The  southern  states  have  exported  seventy  Jlte 
per  cent,  more  than  the  Jive  eastern  /.'/ 


THE  OUYB  BRANCB.  IM 

SioUiera  509,08»/N»lli 

BMtern  -  889bl9«ip00ll! 

Htnee  tlM  preeedlBg  ptfOf  were  writtt n»  I  be^fe  exaniiied 

M  interettlng  workt  enllUedf  •*  A  geegre^leel  Mid  tUUe- 

tied  T^w  pf  MessaehiiMlti  proper*  by  BeAolpliHe  Diekin*, 

toe/'  publUbed  anno  iStS.    It  greallj  eliieidMfie|be  eab% 

Jeet  I  bete  been  diteuealngrMM  pleeee  tbe  nBMivadawe 

oftbe  blgb  eommcreiftl  eldmi  of  BlMieebtnelu  fniiieoitj 

u  etroDg  •  pofait  of  llgbt  m  eay  of  Ibe  doeiimeBle  ^  bave 

giveiit  (>      !( 

**  The  tsperts  In  1809  from  BeaHon  and  CharlMtown,  of  AoMrioMi  piodue' 
tioni  and  nanufacturea,  were  4,009,039  dolUH»  of  wlii9b  the  Tahie  of  rice, 
cotton,  flour,  tobaeoo,  atavea,  and  naval  atofea,  ay  hting  frhuipaltji  ikt  fn- 
4hm  tf  th«  touthtm^  »tatt$t  wat  fiy3fi94,XW  ddUtfa." 

Tbe  writer  addf, 

«  This,  it  is  |iresumed,  bears  a  relative  proportion  in  amount,  to  the  ez- 
ports  of  other  years."    Page  78.  j  -r-f 

It  thui  appears*  that  altbougb  Boiton  bab  ^liitarbed  the 
tranquillity  cf  tbe  United  States  by  her  impassioned  eom- 
plaints  on  the  sul^eet  of  eommcroet  and  llie  iiijary  it  has 
sustained  by  tbe  hostility  of  tbe  southern  states,  she  is  in- 
debted to  those  states  for  eonsiderably  more  than  half  of 
the  Ameriean  articles  she  exports.  She  moreoter  finds  an 
iofalnable  market  with  theoi  for  the  chief  part  of  her 
immense  Ibreign  importations,  and  for  her  valuably  manu- 
fketures. 

It  really  makes  my  heart  ache  with  Texation,  to  find  that 
such  mighty,  sueh  ruinous  errors  prevailed  on  these  impor- 
tant topics— errors  that  generated  the  most  baleful  passionst 
whiob  Were  hourlv  increased  by  artificial  excitements*  and 
threatened  us  with  the  must  awful  consequences. 

The  reader  must  not  be  surprised  if  I  often  repeat  this 
sentiment.  For  **  out  of  the  abundance  of  ibe  heart  the 
mouth  speaketh  ;''-<-and  lieing  convinced  tliis  was  beyond 
all  eomparisoB  the  most  awful  danger  that  threatened  us, 
it  was  not  to  be  wondered  at,  that  it  engrossed  so  large  • 
portion  of  my  attention. 

I  shall  conclude  this  topic  with  one  observation,  that  as 
fkr  as  my  knowledge  extends,  or  as  far  as  I  am  capable  of 
judging,  there  has  rarely  occurred  an  instance  ofone  nation 
so  very  bigiily  indebted  to  another  as  the  eastern  states  are 
to  the  southern,  and  yet  making  sitfbb  a  very  miserable  and 
ungrateful  return. 

.  I  imagined  that  in  the  preceding  chapters  I  had  fully  ex- 
hausted the  comparison  of  the  commercial  importance  of 
the  several  sections  of  the  United  States.  I  had  at  all 
events  eonvineed  every  man  whose  mind  was  op(n  to  con- 


Uik 


TBE  OLIT£  BRANCH. 


Ti^tfdilf;  tbat  the  arrogant  dainiB  on  this  snl^eet,  of  the 
eastern  states*  were  utterly  unfounded,  and  that  the  middle 
aind  simthem  sections  had  as  mueh  more  interest  in  the 
protection  of  eommeree  than  their  eastern  breUiren,  as  the 
merehant  who  toads  a  wagon,  with  10.000  dollars  worth  of 
gbodf,  has  more  interest  in  the  intercourse  between  the 
tellfir  and  the  Consumer,  than  the  owner  of  the  wagon. 

!lliiC  I  find  I  did  not  do  full  justice  to  the  subjeot.  A  new 
view  of  i€  has  been  presented  to  the  public  bj^  the  indefatiga- 
ble editor  of  the  Weekly  Register,  which  far  transcends  the 
views  I  took.  But  even  Mr.  Niles  has  not  pursued  the  ar^ 
ipument  to  the  full  extent  of  whieh  it  is  susoeptibte. 

I'he  exports  of  cotton  from  the  port  of  SavannMi  alone, 
t^m  the  SUth  of  March  till  the  SOth'of  Juneri810«  a  period 
of  three  months  and  ten  days,  wore 

Sea  Island,  2t,000  bales,  each  800  lbs.  at 

33  cents,  -  -  -  2,100,000 

Upland,  55,582  bales,  each  300  lbs.  at 
«j,^^l^./ 20  cents,  -  -  -  3,334,000 

r    \  ^  '"  '.   . 

V  5,434,000 

»i  vSupposing  all  the  other  articles  to  amount 

to  -      .      -  .  1,086,000 


6,500,000 

and  also  supposing  the  exports  ofthe  remaining  eight  months 
and  twenty  days  to  amount  to  half  that  sum,  it  Is  at  the 
rate  of  nearly  10,000,000  dollars  for  the  year. 

A  review  of  the  tables  in  page  380,  will  shew  that  the 
whole  of  the  exports,  of  every  kind,  foreign  and  domestic, 
from  the  state  of  Massachusetts,  for  twenty  three  years, 
were  only  235,000,000  dollars,  which  is  an  average  of  about 
10,000,000  per  annum,  whereof  considerably  more  than  half 
was  foreign.  It  therefore  follows  that  the  domestic  exports 
of  the  single  port  of  Savannah  this  year  will  equal  the 
average  of  the  exports^  of  every  kind  from  the  mighty,  the 
powemil,  the  commercial  state  of  Massachusetts,  from  the 
time  of  the  organization  of  the  government  till  the  elose  of 
the  year  1813!!! 

Tonna$e, 

The  eastern  states,  which  maintained  such  arrogant  com- 
mercial claims,  on  the  ground  of  their  exports  and  imports, 
likewise  preferred  high  pretensions  on  their  transeenilent 
superiority  in  point  of  shipping.  These  towering  claims 
are  Unfonnded,  although  not  in  the  same  degree  with  the 
others.    Iiet  the  reader  decide.    I  have  before  me,  a  state- 


THE  OUVE  BRANCQ. 


28^ 


ment  of  the  tonnage,  of  the  United  Slates  for  two  years, 
from  whieh  I  make  a  few  extracts*  in  order  to  inter  these 
pretensions  in  the  same  grave  with  the  rest. 


Tonnage  of 
Boston, 
New  York, 
Philadelphia* 
Baltimore, 
Portland, 
Portsmouth, 
Bath, 

Newburyporty 
8alem, 
Norfolk, 
Charleston, 


1809 

138,257 

248,838 

102,434 
83,007 
27,719 
23,033 
36,574 
43,537 
40,940 


1810 
149,121 

268,548 
125,258 
108,444 
82,599 
28,820 
20,344 
89,100 
41,462 
47,648 
52,888 


40,819 
From  the  aboye  statement  it  appears  that  in  the  year 
1810,  the  tonnage  of  Noifolk  as  well  as  Charleston  was  eon* 
siderably  superior  to  that  of  any  port  in  the  eastern  or  mid- 
dle states,  except  Boston,  New  York,  anid  Philadelphia; 
and  that  the  tonnage  of  Baldmore  was  more  than  double 
that  of  any  port  in  the  eastern  staLes,  except  Boston. 

The  aggregate  tonnage  of  Termont,  New- 
Hampshire,  Rhode  Island  >  and  Con- 
necticut* in  1811.  was  (tons)  -  108,000 

The  city  of  Baltimore  in  the  same  year  -  103,000 
that  is,  within  5000  tons  of  the  whole  amount  of  the  tonnage 
of  these  four  states,  which  have  made  such  a  clamour  on 
the  sul^ject  of  commerce.  The  tonnage  of  the  whole  dis- 
triet  <^  Maryland  for  that  year  was  14»,000  tons,  being  an 
excess  of  85,000  tons,  or  nearly  one  third  more  than  those 
states!!!* 

The  clearances  from  the  port  of  Savannah,  Q^  exeludw 
^eoastera,  for  April,  May,  and  June,  1815,  were  191,  and 
the  entries,  also  QJ^exeiusrce  of  eoaatera,  were  203.-- 
Whereas  the  foreign  entries  into  the  port  of  Boston  for  five 
months,  March,  April,  May,  June,  and  July*  I8i5,  ^ere 
only  212— and  the  foreign  clearances  only  270.  That  is, 
the  foreign  entricM  into  Savannah,  in  three  nwntlus,  were 
203,  and  into  Boston  in  five  months,  only  212!  What  a  de- 
velopement  of  (;he  relative  commerce  of  both  ports!  how 
utterly  beyond  till  expectation  or  calculation! 

•  See  Weekly  H  rgtstpr,  vol.  VIII.  page  370,  from  which  1  have  extracted 
these  facts. 

1. 1 


B 

*^ipy 

1 

9^ 

1 

1    i\iit4 


saa 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


CHAPITER  XL. 

«inot/icr  8(furee  ofexeitemnt  among  the  eitizeiu  of  the  eaatent 
atates.    Duties  on  imports.    Statistics,    Southern  states 
paytery  nearly  as  mueh  as  the  eastern.    Wonderful  de- 
lusion, 
Those  men  yrhmc  unoeafiing  eflTords  D(rere  employed  to 
excite  the  passions  of  the  yeomanry  of  the  eastern  states, 
and  prepare  them  for  insurrection  and  a  dissolution  of  the 
union,  raised  a  great  clamour  on  the  subject  of  the  cnor- 
,  moas  amount  of  duties  paid  by  those  states*  and  the  insig- 
nificance of  the  sums  paid  by  the  southern  section  of  the 
nation.    They  thence  inferred  the  iiyustioe  and  the  ine- 
quality of  the  union,  and  its  of>pressive  operation  upon  the 
former  section. 

This  item  of  complaint  is,  if  possible,  more  fallacious 
than  the  one  discussed  in  the  pfeoeding  chapters.  The  dis- 
advantage is  all  on  the  otiier  side  of  the  question;  The 
eastern  stales  import  largely  from  Europe,  and  from  the 
East  and  West  Indies,  for'the  supply  of  the  southern  states. 
The  former,  it  is  true,  have  to  bond  or  pay  the  duties  in  the 
first  instance.  This  appears  wonderfully  to  their  advantage 
in  the  tables  of  duties.  But  it  can  hardly  he  necessary  to 
inform  the  readers  that  the  merchant  who  bonds  the  duties, 
is  not  the  actual  payer  of  them.  Mr.  Ediirard  Thomson,  of 
this  city,  has  imported,  during  this' year,  and  of  course  will 
pay  duties  on,  probably  above  2,000,000  of  dollars.  I  think 
it  likely  that  his  consumption  is  hardly  2,000.  Who  can 
be  so  ignorant  as  to  pretend,  that  the  government  is  be- 
holden to  him  for  the  amount  of-the  duties !  They  are  paid 
by  the  farmers  in  Chester,  and  Bucks,  and  Lancaster,  and 
Delaware,  and  Berks  eounties,  &o.  Aic.  The  duties  are 
added  by  the  merchant  to  the  first  cost,  with  a  profit  on 
both — and  the  ultimate  consumer  is  the  real  payer. 

The  eastern  states  thus  levy  taxes  not  merely  on  Mary^ 
land,  Virginia,  North  and  Sbuth  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  but 
even  on  Pennsylvania ;  for  sti'ange  as  it  may  ^eem,  it  is 
nevertheless  true,  that  notwithstanding  the  immense  wealth* 
the  ardent  enterprize,  and  the  great  commereial  advantages 
of  Philadelphia,  immoderate  quantities  ttf  East  India  and 
Chinese  goods  are  sent  for  sale  here*  fron  Boston*  Salem# 
and  other  eastern  ports. 

But  even,  independent  of  the  importation  of  the  eastern 
for  the  southern  states,  the  argument  is  unfairly  stated.  If 
the  former  actually  consumed  all  the  foreign  articles  they 
import,  the  duties  they  pay,  compared  with  those  paid^  by 
the  southern  states,  will  not  warrant  their  hohling  the  high 


THE  OLIYE  BRANCH. 


ssr 


and  arrogant*  and  insulting  tone  they  have  always  assumed. 
To  euable  the  reader  to  form  a  oorreet  opinion  on  the 
lubjeot,  I  annex  a  set  of  tables  of  the 

JVet  amount  of  the  duties  paid  by  the  different  fituteo front 
the  year  17tfl  to  t8i2  inelusvoe,  taken  from  the  reeordtt  of 
the  treasury  department,  and  mhmitteato  congress  by  Jo- 
seph  J^ourse,  Esq,  roister  of  the  treasury. 


AVw  Ifampthire. 

Vermont 

Cotmectieut. 

R.  bland. 

1791 

S53,0U0 

206,000 

146,000 

1792 

41,000 

142,000 

46,000 

1793 

.  44»000 

154,000 

133,000 

1794 

38,000 

1,000 

171,000 

89,000 

1795 

44.000 

155,000 

244,000 

1796 

53.000 

1,060 

141,000 

137,000 

1797 

27,000 

115,000 

276,000 

1798 

72,000 

1.000 

127,000 

104,000 

1799 

99,000 

2,000 

289,000 

260,000 

1800 

142,000 

3,000 

169,000 

399^000 

1801 

133,000 

328,000 

284,000 

1803 

119,000 

262,000 

178,000 

1803 

122,000 

1,000 

301,000 

266,000 

1804 

108,000 

348,000 

421,000 

1805 

109,000 

354,000 

349,000 

1806 

117,000 

325,000 

361,000 

1807 

99,000 

314,000 

123,000 

1808 

19,000 

197,000 

270,000 

1809 

39,000 

9,000 

129,000 

35,000 

1810 

5^,000 

9,000 

-   157,000 

435,000 

1811 

62,000 

A,000 

240,000 

318,000 

1813 

122,(100 

116,000 
147,000 

829,000 
5,453,000 

453,000 

1,715,000 

5,420,000 

Mtuaachiuettt. 

JV.  Tork.     Petauylvania.       Maryland 

Virginia 

1791 

%  977, 000 

1,564,000 

1,491,000            641,000 

851.000 

1792 

678,000 

1,169,000 

1,096,000             449,000 

474,000 

1793 

950,000 

1,195,000 

1,804,000             869,000 

388,000 

1794 

1,004,000 

1,860,000 

1,473,000             795,000 

389,000 

1795 

1,415,000 

2,000,000 

2,271,000            523,000 

396,000 

1796 

1,334,000 

2,158,000 

2,012,000             761,000 

598,000 

1797 

1,372,000 

2,059,000 

1,743,000          1,145,000 

606,000 

1798 

1,168,000 

l,743i000 

1^29,000             885,(|)0 

629,(00 

1799 

1,6!P7,000 

2,57.3,000 

1,259,000          1,161,000 

896,000 

1800 

1,974,000 

2,741,000 

1,350,000             623,000 

644,000 

1801 

2,929,000 

3,810,000 

2,123,000          1,001,000 

#46,C0Q 

1803 

1,525,000 

2,490.000 

1,410,000             634,000 

689,000 

1803 

2,490,000 

3.524,000 

1,655,000             936,000 

713,000 

1804 

4,630,01)0 

3,872,000 

'2,609,000          1,538,000 

902,000 

1805 

3,308,000 

4,882,000 

2,3'fO,000          1,130,000 

805,000 

1806 

3,524,000 

4,875,000 

3,017,000          1,446,000 

620,000 

1807 

3,576,000 

4,926,000 

3,162.000          1,633,000 

506.000 

1808 

1,184,000 

2,764,000 

1,647,000             588,000 

110,000 

1809 

1,384,000 

2,981,000 

1,405,000             155,000 

257,000 

1810 

2,774,000 

4,419,0fl0 

2,539,000            928.000 

461,000 

1811 

1,816,000 

1,979,000 

1.840,000            722,000 

195,000 

1312 

2,719,000 

2,890,000 

2,090,000          1,782,000 

690,C0O 

44,338,000 

62,274,000 

41,325,000        20,345,000  12,565,000 

/ 


MS 


THB  OUTB  nUi9f€»i^ 


Mii^rtlbmi 

<8l(VvibM. 

IW 

f^^\iM  ., 

sa^fioo 

17M 

tBfiOO 

360,000 

1793 

63/m> 

359,000. 

vm 

7^000 

651.000 

1799 

^9.000 

rioM» 

1796 

tSBflOO 

56.000 

179r 

losjm 

TOO^OOO 

1798 

190,000 

339/N» 

1799 

IMiOOO 

858,000 

180O 
1801 

}« 

1,159,000 
1,003,000 

1803 

35%000 

380,000 

1803 

lS9fi00 

646,000 

1804 

I86fi00 

najoM 

1895 

^  165,000 

843,000 

1806 

203,000 

871,000 

1807 

196,000 

735,000 

1808 

16,000 

335,000 

1809 

.    65,000 

37*7,000 

mu 

58,000 

567,000 

1811 

44,000 

338,000 

18td 

47,000 

433,000 

2*631,000 

13.665,000 

OvVfVMw 

CUmMif.' 

JVlOfiMh^ 

91,000 

53,000 

35,000 

«7»000 

54.009 

, 

, 

31,000 

63,000 

\- 

; 

i0 

663,000 

94,000 

311,009 

133,000 

183,000 

143,000 

• 

180,000 

188,000 

279,000 

91,000 

119,000 

343,000 

183,000 

137,000 

361,000 

489.000 

13.3,000 

480,000 

35,000 

30,000 

77,«)0 

6,000 

60,000 

134.O0O 

134,000 

50,009 

344.000 

56,000 

45,000 

148,000 

260,000 

80,000 

137,000 

2,907.000 

1,133,009 

3,303,000 

(J*^In  these  tables,  aii  in  thoie  of  exports,  thereU  no  ac<»>unt  taken  of  aiw 
suma  l^elow  lOOO  dollart.  This  <merating  e<iuaUy  on  both  aidei,  cannot  aN 
feet  the  (MMnparison,  which  is  the  object  in  view. 

FroQi  the  foregoing  tables,  the  Ibllowing  reiultB  i^ipear. 
I*  The  southern  states  have  paid  nearljr  as  large  an 
amount  of  duties  to  the  goTernmeiity  as  the  eastern* 


Sfwyland 

Virginia 

Koith  Carolina 

9outh  Carolina 

Georgif 

Cotuiabia 

Orleans 

Massaohuietta 
STew  Hampsliire 
Vermont      _j 
Cdnnecticut 
Bhode  Island 
•  ■ 


>%^-^Myfi' 


30,345.000 
13,565.000 

2,631,000 
12,665^000 

3,907,000 

1,138,000 

2,803,000 
'•  ■''      54,437,00n 
44,338,000 

1,715,000 

•  147,000 

5,4S3,Qff) 

5,480,000 


13.735.000 
57,083,000 

II,  The  single  state  of  South  Carolina  paid  very  nearly 
as  muich  duties  as  the  four  minor  eastern  states. 

South  Caroiina  -  .  .  13,665,O0Q 

Four  minor  eastern  states,  (see  No.  1.)  •  13,735,000 

III.  New  Orleans  paid  tweiity  per  eent.  more  in  nine 
years,  than  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  in  twenty-two, 

Orleans  .  .,■,-.'>,  3,302,000 

New  Hampshire  .  .  1,715,000 

Vermont  .  147,000 

Ii862,000 


9AB'0£nrE  BH^GH. 


nF.  Tirginift  p«M  nearlj  m  ma^  •»tlie  fbnrttiMf 

ten  ftotei* 

VtfglaM  .  l%«0yMD 

Foot  aiiMv  eMtem  aUtet  (we  No.  10       *  •'       19^^iiO0Ql 

T.  New  York  tmA  Peoa^lvmiiia  |iaid  umtfy  niMly  ptr 
eent  more  then  the  fire  eMneni  sUitei*  ^:  .>-  i  / 

NewTffk  ..  •  <    fiS^OKr 

PemiqrlvMua  •  .        4M25»000 

FiTeetttanistatA9(>eeNo.  1.)  •  5T,WifiOO 

VI*  Sontli  Cflfirolina  paid  more  dwirtwiee  the  amoant  of 
dniiet  paid  by  either  Conneotieut  or  Rhode  Island ;  mtimi 
times  as  mneh  as  New  Hampshire;  and  ninety  times  as 
maeh  as  Vermont. 


South  CaioUna 
*Comieeticut 
Ikhode  Island 
New  Itampabln 
Varmont 


13,665,000 

5,463,000 

5«430jD00 

1,716,000 

147,000 


Synopsis  of  duUa  paid  from  1791  to  1812* 

Xatferh  SeeiUiu  JlSddle  Seehtn.  Southtm  SecHm. 


Mats. 

N.  Hamp. 
Veitnont 
Connect. 
ILIabnd 


44,338,000 

1,715,000 

147,000 

5^463,000 


N.  Jersey 
Delaware 
N  York 
PennsyL 


259,000 

-,323,009 

62,374,000 

41,335/)00 


Maryland 

Viivinia 

N.  Careiina 

S.CaroUw 

Georpa 

Columbia 

Orteana        < 


')*. 


$57^83,000 


%  1^05,081,000 


20.345,0«0 

13,565,000 

3.6B1,000 

13,665,000 

3,907,000 

1432.000 

•     3,309000 

g  54^,000 


Those  who  consider  the  very  expensive  babitv  of  the 
planters  of  Tii||^ia  and  South  Carolina^  and  the  ^mense 
amonnt  of  foreign  eoods  received  in  Uu^  states  from  the 
eastern  <Hies,  as  well  as  from  New  Yorii,  Penni^lvaaia,  wid 
Stf^lai^f  and  how  very  lar^  a  proportion  of  the  f)ireign 
merchanilize  imported  by  MassaohusettSt  is  exported  to  the 
other  states,  will  probably  be  led  to  believe»  that  Yirginia 
and  South  Carolina  actually  consume  each  as  much  of 
dutiable  artisles,  and  of  coune  in  faet  really  pay  as  moeh 
duties,  as  Massaehusetts,  I  acknowledge  this  is  but. a 
rough  ealoulation.  But  a  ds  o  eonsideration  of  the  great 
number  of  coasters,  which  in  time  of  peace,  are  constantly 
plying  from  the  ports  of  the  eastern  and  middle  to  those  of 
the  southern  states,  will  afford  a. strong  support  to  this 
opinion*  A  very  large  proportion  of  the  cai^oes  of  the 
coasters  bound  to  the  southern  ports  consists  of  Imported 
goods ;  and  the  residue  generally  of  articles  of  domestio 
manufketure.  The  return  cargoes  arc  all  of  raw  materials 
for  these  mknufaclures,  or  articles  of  the  highest  value  for 


TRB  OUFVB  BRAIIO& 


•nprtatiiii  to  Bnrope  Mid-  eliewhere.  It  It  irat  mij  to  oon* 
ottve  of  a  more  advaotageous  oommeree  for  the  mother 
eowitriett  at*  faithi»eaie»  the  middle  and  eatti^m  itatei 
miqr  be  jottly  styled.  I  repeat  it,  and  hope  the  solemn 
truth  will  be  borne  ip  eonstant  remembranee,  that  the 
sonthem  states  are  virtually  eolonies  to  those  slates  whose 
demagogues  hare  never  eeased  slandering  and  perseeoting 
them. 

I  dismiss  tMs  part  of  my  sul^eot»  I  hope  for  ever.  I  trust 
that  th^  most  inoorriglble  eflTrontery  will  never  dare  again 
to  haaard  an  iusertioo  of  the  eommerelat  superiority  of  the 
eastern  states. 


dcUbef«te  it 


CHAPTER  XL. 

FaUaey  of  the  ofinion  of  any  hosHItty  in  tfce  Southern 
a^m«C  {\it  EiMtent  StaJtes.  Commercial  and  •Agrieultu- 
mlataks  mutually  dependant  on,  and  benefidtu  to  each 
other. 

Having  completely  settled  the  question  on  the  sutjeet 
of  the  oomparative  pretensions  of  the  different  seotions  of 
the  uniou  to  eommeroial  pre-eminence,  I  proceed  to  consider 
thie  positions,  which  assert  the  necessary  hostility  of  an  ag- 
ricultural section  of  a  eountnrto  a  eommeroial  one— the 
aotual  existence  of  that  hostility  in  the  southern  states— 
and  its  baneful  influenoe  on  the  measures  of  congress. 

On  thAe  fhllaeious  positions  the  changes  have  been  rung 
in  endless  sueoesslon,  not  merely  by  a  crowd  of  anonymous ; 
writers,  but  even  Qublio  bodies  whose  stations  entitie  them 
to  respect,  have  disgraced  themselves  by  their  dissemina- 
tion. I  fisel  satisfied  that  the  lucubrations  on  this  sub- 
ject, published  in  Boston  alone,  would  fill  fotio  volumes. 
Throughout  die  Whole,  strong  and  confident  and  unfounded 
assertion  is  substituted  in  the  place  of  fiiot,  reason,  and 
aivument. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  form  an  idea  of  the  errors  preva- 
lent On  this  topic,  I  annex  a  few  extracts. 

**Th»jf  have  «««n  aijtrtt  an  ill-concealed,  but  at  latt  (Xj'  an  open  and  undkV 
jfiHtedjeaUutg  tftke  xoealth  and  power  of  the  commercial  ttatea,  (j:^  operating 
in  coMimia/  e/«rf«  (e  embarrait  and  dettro^  that  tommeree,  vMch  i»  their  Ufa 
and  tuppiart.'* 

This  is  the  language  of  a  report  to  the  legislature  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, made  by  a  joint  committee  of  (rath  bouses,  Feb. 
18}  i814>y  on  which  was  grounded  the  most  inflammatory 


THE  OLIYE  BEANCH. 


an 


appeals  to  the  eitiseot  of  the  eaitero  ttfttet/  Tlilt  import 
Mierted  the  propriety  and  Jaetioe  and  aeoeititjr  of  foreiUa 
reiUtanoe  to  the  meaiuret  of  the  getteral  goverament^ 
adding 

"  Tiw  question  it  not «  quwtion  of  pnter  or  right  with  this  legislature* 
butof  itfM  or  ex^dCeflqr."  *  i  ' 

The  eommittee  proeeed—- 

"  Tliere  exists  in  all  parts  of  tliis  commonwealth,  a  fear,  and  in  many  a 
settled  belief,  that  tk»  etwu  ^ffurtign  and  tlomettie  pMetf  punmd  fy  the 
gmemmtnt  of  the  United  Statetfor  leveral  yeure  poet,  hae  itefiundaUm  itt  a 
delibertue  int/tntim  to  impuir,  if  not  tn  ^etrog,  that/ive  tpirit  ftnd  exereiie  of 
ammerce,  which,  aided  bv  the  habits,  manners,  and  institationf  of  our  ances- 
tor!, and  the  blessings  or  divine  providence,  bive  been  the  piincipal  source 
of  the  ftcedom,  wealth,  and  general  prosperity  of  this  recently  happy  and 
flourishing  people. 

« I'bese  opinions  are  not  confined  to  the  maritime  borders  of  the  state, 
whose  interests  are  more  immediately  affected,  and  whose  inhabitants  have 
daily  before  their  eyes  perishing  ships,  deserted  warehouses,  and  starving 
qwcnanics  and  Ukbourers  i  but  are  loudly  responded  from  tlie  iitlerior,  where 
the  people  generally  sympathize  in  the  present  distress  of  their  brethrefi  on 
the  tea-coast,  and  wisely  foresee  in  their  ruin,  their  own  approaching  wretch- 
edness.** 

The  eommittee  continue-— 

*'  The  memorialists  see,  in  this  deplorable  descent  from  national  greainess* 
([j'  a  determination  to  harratt  and  annihilate  that  tpirit  of  eommtrct  which 
has  ever  been  the  handmaid  of  civil  and  religious  liberty ;  and  (C^to  break 
the  free  tpirit  oflhi$  people  by  depriving'  them  ^f  their  civil  emplo'ifmentit  and 
thus  forcing  the  sons  of  commerce  to  populate  and  enrich  the  Wildemnss,  for 
the  benefit  of  those  whose  avarice  has  contributed  largely  to  the  war  now 
desolating  the  country." 

This  i^  the  strain  and  style  in  which  tliis  miserable*  this 
hatiknied,  this  destructive  pr<>judice  bus  been  a  hundred 
thousand  times  Repeated,  without  even  the  shadow  of  foun- 
dation. Although  these  extracts  are  abundantly  sufficient 
for  my  purpose*  yet  I  judge  it  not  improper  to  make  a  short 
addition  from  the  address  of  the  Hartford  convention. 

"  Events  may  prove  that  the  causes  of  our  calamities,  «re  deep  and  perma- 
nent. They  may  be  found  to  proceed,  not  merely  from  the  blindness  of  pre- 
judice, pride  of  opinion,  violence  of  party  spirit,  or  the  confusion  ot  the 
times ;— but  they  may  be  traced  to  implacable  cambinationt  of  iiidividualt,  of 
Hates,  to  monopoBxe  power  and  ojfice,  AND  TO  TRAMPLE  WITHOUT' 
I^CMORSC  tJPON  THE  RIGHTS  AND  INTERESTS  OP  THE  COM. 
MERCIAL  SECTIONS  OF  THE  UNION. 

**  The  administration,  after  a  &nf  ^r*everance  in  plant  to  bqfie  ev(fry  effort^ 
9f  commercial  enterprixe,  had  fatalfy  succeeded  in  their  attempts  at  the  epocbl  ■ 
M  the  war." 

The  convention  enter  into  an  enumeration  of  the  causes 
which  have  led  to  tlie  public  distress,  and  dose  the  cata- 
logue, with 

"Lastly  and  princiftally,  a  visionary  and  supeificial  theory  in  regard  to 
commerce,  (T:^  ACCOMPANIED  BY  A  REAL  HATRED,  BUT  A  FEIGNED 
REGARD  TO  ITS  INTERESTS,  and  a  ruinous  perseverance  in  efforts  to 
render  it  m  instrument  of  coercion  and  war." 


««s 


THE  dUTB  mtmm. 


Ifefer  linoe  fbetion  fint  dittiiiHb«d  the  peaee  9itmulkkA, 
and  intde  this  earth  a  luitaMe  abode  for  oe|nottt  iiieaniate> 
Ad  the  emj^oy  a  more  hollow,  Ikllaeioas^  or  unfbanded  pre- 
text*  to  ittitit'y  her  lawless  prooeediiig8»  than  is  here  to  be 
eombatea.  It  is  not  merely  untrue*  It  is  the  re?ene  of 
truth.    It  has  not  eyen  the  shadow  of  plausibility. 

In  all  this  wretehed  eflbrt  to  ezeite  the  hostility  of  fellow 
eitizens  against  each  other-~.to  prepare  the  inhabitants  of 
one  section  of  the  eountry  to  embrue  their  hands  in  the 
blood  of  those  of  another— to  ren«w  in  this  holy,  this  blessed 
land,  the  horrors  of  the  French  r«Tolution — to  enable  Ameri- 
can Marats,  and  Dantons,and  Legendres,and  Bobespierrei, 
to  rule  us  with  a  rod  of  iron— an  all-important  and  over- 
whelming fact  Is  kept  wholly  out  of  sicht — a  faet  wbieh 
destroys  the  whole  of  this  miserable  deolamation  as  eom- 
pletely  as  ever  the  broad  glare  of  the  toreh  of  trith  dispel- 
led the  Cimmerian  darkness  of  error  and  delusion.  Tbii 
mighty  fact  escaped  my  attention  in  all  the  former  editiooi 
of  this  book.  It  is,  that  all  the  measures  which  are  assumed  as 
full  pro<^f  of  hostility  to  eommeroe,  and  charged  to  the  debit 
of  the  southern  states,  have  been  supported  by  the  powerful 
commercial  states  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York ;  steadilv 
and  undeviatln^ly  by  the  former,  and  by  the  latter  with 
very  few  and  shgbt  exceptions.  And  further,  that  a  con- 
siderable part  of  them  have  been  supported  by  respeetable 
portions  of  the  representatives  in  coneress,  from  Neir 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Rhode  Island,  and  even  Massaehu- 
setts— for  the  three  firsl  states  were  till  lately  frequently 
rcncesented  almost  wholly  by  domoerats,  who  pretty  gene- 
rally advocated  the  measures  herein  reprobated.  And  it  19 
further  to  be  remarked,  that  the  great  commercial  cities  of 
the  union  have  been  very  generally  represented  by  eitizens 
who  have  given  their  full  aid  and  support  to  the  measures 
in  question.  The  majority  for  and  against  the  administra- 
tion, even  in  Massachusetts,  till  lately  rarely  exceeded  2 
or  3,000.  The  election  for  governor  in  that  state  in  1812, 
was  contested  with  great  ardour.  The  friends  and  the  ene- 
mies of  the  adihinistration  made  the  utmost  exertions  to 
call  forth  their  whole  strength— and  the  votes  were  for 

Caleb  Strong         -        •        -.       52,696 
Ji^Ibridge  Gerry  -        -     ;  51,326 

and  it  is  well  known  that  Mr.  iSullivan  and  Mr.  Gerry,  the 
democratic  candidates,  were  eleeted  four  or  five  tines  with- 
in a  space  often  years,  which  embraced  nearly  the  whole  of 
the  measures  thus  violently  denounced.  And  1  presume  no 
man  of  candour  will  deny  that  the  struggle  between  the 


TUB  OUYE  BBANQH.  i||| 

4iA)reat  eAndidatei  pn  theM  oeofttions  was  at  fair  aad  an*  . 
wring  %  eritorlon  of  the  Toie^  of  the  ttat^  oa  the  appr«?al 
or  repmbaUon  of  the  meaiurei  of  the  general  goverament. 
ai  if  the  votes  had  beea  takea  for  president  of  the  Uai^ 
S^ies. 

Let  us  for  a  moment  suppose^  for  saite  of  argnrnqnt*  that 
Um  eastern  states  4re^  as  they  pretend  to  be,  evelusiveljr 
commereial-- and  that  the  soulliem  are  exolusively  agrlenU 
turai.  This  is  plaoinc  the  ease  in  the  most  advaatageoul 
point  of  light  its  frienos  eould  desii-e.  Could  there  be  any 
•Ironger  bond  of  aiHnity  between  two  nations,  or  tw«  see* 
tions  of  the  same  nation,  than  the  mutual  wanu  i^hieh  this 
•apposed  case  implies?  The  agrtenltttrai  portion  wouM 
have  imperious  necessity  for  the  ships,  the  seamen,  and  the 
eapilal  of  the  eommereial  portion,  for  the  purchase  and. 
.transportation  of  her  superfluous  priNluetions.  And  the 
navigation  and  capital  of  tlie  eommereial  portion  would  iind 
all  the  advantages  they  eould  require  in  the  transportatian 
and  sale  of  the  productions  of  the  other. 

The  agricultun^  portion,  as  I'have  already  stated,  would 
be  merely  in  the  situation  of  eoloaies  to  the  eommereial. 
What  has  always  been  the  ^rand  advantage  of  colonies  tq 
parent  countries?  Merely  to  increase  their  navigation— to 
sffurd  an  •  asylum  for  their  superabundant  popuiation-^o 
furnish  raw  materials  for  the  employment  of  the!r  artisans 
aad  manufacturers— and  to  purchase  the  productions  df  the 
labours  of  those  artisans  and  manufacturers. 
-  All  these  favourable  effeels  have  been  produced  on  the 
eastern,  by  their  connexion  and  intercourse  with  the  wes- 
tern and  southern  states.  It  therefore  irresistibly  follows, 
that  the  latter  have  literally  been  but  colonics  to  the  mid- 
dle, and  more  particularly  to  the  eastern  states.  The  hardy 
and  enterprising  Yankees  pervade  every  bay,  river,  ereek»* 
and  iaiet  of  the  southern  states ;-  and  fo|*  their  notions  carry 
oflT  the  solid  coin  of  the  country  to  replenish  their  eofiers. 
They  evei^r  where  undersell  and  undermine  the  established 
southern  storekeepers.  Moreover,  the  cotton,  the  rice,  the 
floar,  the  tobacco,  and  the  naval  stores,  of  the  southern 
states,  have  enabled  the  ship-owners  of  the  eastern  statea 
to  amass  those!,  over>grown  nabob  fortunes,  which  render 
them  too  aspiring  to  submit  to  tlie  equal  form  of  government 
whfeh  we  enjoy.  They  have  literally  lived  upon  the  indus- 
try of  the  southern  states.  Without  the  latter,  their  seetion 
of  the  union  would  rank  very  low  indeed  in  the  scale  of 
nations. 

This  state  of  things,  so  eminently  advantageonr  to  the 
eastern  states,  has  never  created  faoliony  or  complaint^  or 

M  m 


ivi 


THE  OUVE  BRANCH. 


oonviUiioni*  or  threati  of  dliiolfibg  tho  union,  in  the  foath- 
orn.  Thej  hnve  oheerfttlly  supported  a  goTenTment  whoie 
ohief  aUention  hut  been  directed  to  tlie  promotion  of  eom- 
nieree-— and  l^Moh  never  did  and  never  would  liaTe  oxpfri. 
enced  any  very  great  difficulty  vritli  foreign  nations  but  firon 
the  oupiaity  of  Tlio  mercantile  interest. 

It  raqulres  little  eflTort  to  prove*  and  little  eapaoity  to 
perceive*  thai  there  is  a  oommercikl  rivalry  between  Bos- 
ton and  Providenoe— lietween  Philadiplphia  and  New  Yorli— 
between  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia.  But  that  a  serious, 
thinking  people*  like  those  of  the  eastern  states,  should  have 
ever  lieen  duped  to  believe  that  there  is  any  real  eause  of 
jealousy  or  hostility  betweien  the  oommeroial  and  agricul- 
tural seetions  of  the  country,  is  a  folly,  of  which  it  is  hardly 
possible  to  find  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  the  madness  and 
idiooy  of  the  human  species. 

To  view  the  subject  once  more— although  it  really  does 
not  deserve  further  attention.  Suppose,  still,  the  southern 
states  wholly  agricultural,  and  the  middle  and  eastern 
wholly  commercial*  and  that  tho  former  have  an  oTcrwhiel- 
ming  majbritv  in  the  legittlature  of  the  union.  How  could 
it  ever  enter  into  the  mind  of  any  rational  being  to  imagine, 
that  tlie  majority  could  for  a  moment  be  ignorant  of  the 
plain  truth,  th^  every  stroke  aimed  at  commeree  was  a 
stroke  at  their  own  vii^i  interests  ? 

It  is  well  known*  that  the  represehtatives  of  the  southern 
and  western  states  are  generally  gentlemen  of  the  highest 
grade  of  talents  in  eongress'.  From  causes  which  it  is  nei- 
tlier  neoessary  nor  proper  here  to  detail,  the  middle  states 
have  rarely  made  as  respeotable  a  figure  in  that  body  as 
could  have  been  wished.  The  eastern  have  not  been  quite 
80  unfortunate.  It  requires*  however,  but  a  moderate  por- 
tion of  candour  to  acknowledge,  that  although  they  are 
oceasionally  repre^sented  in  congress  Imt  men  of  considerable 
talents,  they  are  in  the  aggregate  far  below  Tirginia>  South 
Carolina,  and  Kentucky.  And  could  this  plain  truth  escape 
the  Eppeses,  tlie  Gileses,  the  Clays,  and  the  Popes,  that*it 
was  impossible  to  injure  oommerice  without  inflicting  an 
equal  injury  on  agriculture? 

The  agricultural  portion  of  tliis  great  nation  could  infi- 
nitely better  dispense  with  the  commercial,  than  the  latter 
with  the  former.  Never,  since  commeree  first  began*  difl  a 
nation*  having  bulky  raw  materials  to  sell,  and  having  de- 
mands for  large  quantities  of  merchandize,  find  any  difficul- 
ty in  creating  a  marine*  or,  amidst  naval  competitors  for 
her  trade,  in  securing  the  transportation  of  her  commodi* 
ites»  and  the  purchase  of  merchandize*  on  fair  and  advan- 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH 


M     * 


tageoui  termi.  Bnt  the  deea(jr  of  PoHugAl,  Venlee*  Geno«f 
the  Hanie  Towiii»  tnd  other  |^«t  eommereiftl  itnteit 
proves  that  a  natios  poii^ited  of  a  eonilderable  iijiarlii«» 
may*  if  it  allVont  or  offisiMl  the  natlont  on  irhtoh  It  de- 
pends, be  reduced  to  Its  natlfe  and  intrlmie  iBtisnlfleanoe* 
The  eastern  states  labour  under  very  great  (fls4dvan(a'* 
MS*  The  sterility  of  their  soil  will  leave  them  eternally 
oependent  upon  the  southern  states;  tbr  their  situation  im- 
periously forces  them  to  have  reoourse  to  manuftietures  and 
•ommeree.  Their  agrieulturo  must  always  be  oompara- 
tively  -  Insignifleant.  They  therefore*  I  repeat*  owe  thnir 
greatness  prinelpally  to  the  immensely  valuable  trade  they 
earry  on  with  those  states*  whieh  their  ungrateful  writers 
and  demMogues  are  eonstantly  vilifying  ana  abusing,  and 
whieh  afford  the  prinoipal  pabulum  for  the  comflioree  of 
the  middle  and  eastern  states.  Those  demagogues  are*  as 
I  have  stated*  unoeaisingly  exciting  animosities lietween  the 
two  sections  of  the  uuon*  by  pretending  a  rivalry  of  in- 
terest, whieh  is  wholly  unfounded.  There  Is*  let  me  repeat* 
reiJ  cause  of  jealousy  between  Bbode  Island  and  Massa- 
chusetts t  but  none  between  either  of  them  and  Viri^nla  or 
South  Carolina.  The  latter  are*  and  will  probably  foreveV 
continue,  great  agricultural  states.    Their  immense  and 

! [rowing  productions  will  find  the  mdst  valuable  eniployment 
or  the  shipping  and  for  the  manuftiotures  of  the  eastern' 
and  middle  states. 

Should  a  separation  take  place*  which  I  hope  and  trust 
in  the  goodness  of  Heaven  is  far  remote,  the  eastern  states 
will  repent  it  first  and  last.  They  will,  have  reason  eter- 
nally to  lament  the  unhallowed  counsels  of  those  restless 
demagogues*  who  shall  haVe  plunged  them  into  the  abyss  ^of 
ruin.  Their  hifrdy  soils*  who  now  migrate  to  the  southward 
and  westward  by  hundreds,  will  afjandon  their  native  soil 
by  thousands— and  daily  add  strength  to  the  rival  se^^tion  of 
the  nation*  and  equally  enfeeble  the  parent  stales.  The 
latter  will  dwindle  into  the  insigniticanoe  from  whiciv  they 
have  been  elevated  by  the  tribute  they  have  levMU  upon 
Virginia  and  her  southern  sisters.  X 

The  horrors  of  an  immediate  CIVIL  Wi^SY;  and  of  a 
constant  BORDBR  WAR*  such  as  formerly  existed  between 
England  and  Scotland^  are  the  only  considerations  that 
render  a  separation  fnm  Massachusetts  a  measure  to  be. 
at  all  deprecated.  Were  we  insured  from  thctie  two  evils* 
the  separation  would  be  an  advantage  to  the  ve^i  of  the  na- 
tion; for  she  has  harassed  the  national  councils  to  a  uu)<il 
intolerable  and  sliameful  degree. 


V'U 


THB  OUVB  BBANGB. 

8lM  htr  ADMWwl  <l«tonhlBe)»  \f  akf  mmM  not  rute  Ike 
OMMilry  MrMif « to  fend  \i  to  dutrudUm  ktuiUmg.  &lie  has 
bMn  Ibr  JTM^  Che  Muree  ot  mott  ^l  tSie  dllSeul^t  of  iho 
wiioa.  wo  thottM  not  hovo  bod  war  but  tor  ber.*  And 
•BOBg  tbo  featorei  of  the  preiont  oriilii  the  most  lamenia. 
Ue  ooe  li>  thot  the  eonnot  ■uflbr  the  eontequeneot  of  her 
folly*  her  MTOcMee.  her  reitleuoeu*  her  flMlioot  her  Joeo- 
Mnitni*  her  ftnu-WMhiiigtoiiitni»  without  Infliotlng  ui  a^ohI 
dei^e  of  mUfortune  on  her  innoeenC  nelghbourn.  l'i>a>(l 
•he  puffer  nlone»  it  were  **  a  ootif  ttonnaHofi  mo«(  d  i  -  n ; 
UwiBlud,**  A  strong  nnvif^tton  net.  and  (H  ^riinxiuu.u^ 
diitief,  would  soon  brine  her  to  her  senses*  and  fnnvV.on  het 
of  the  immeasuruble  foUy  aad  madness  8b^>  tms  bveii  guHiy 
of.  They  would  sink  her  to  her  proper  ].  v.-Wibat  leTel, 
whieh  her  ungrateful  s«il— her  insigniiKuncc  in  point  of 
potiulation-mnd  the  narrow  limits  of  her  (erriiory,  pre* 
flerlbe— and  whieh*  I  repeat,  nothing  but  tkie  advantages  vlie 
has  derived  from  her  perseeuted,  inBult(>d,  outraged,  and 
defkmed  sister  states,  could  have  enabled  livr  to  |>ass.  She 
would  repent  of  her  infatuation,  and  inoKt  aiiiiously  seek  lo 
be  rcston^  to  a  confederacy,  on  the  ni^jor  part  of  which 
she  had  unceasingly  levied  heavy  oontributious,  and  to 
which  she  owed  all  that  prosperity,  that  wealth,  and  that 
affluptK  0,  whieh  bad  rendered  her  dizzy,  inflated  her  aiik 
l^ride  and  arroganoef  and  brought  on  her  downfall* 


CHAPTER  Lll. 

JUoney  the  ^ntwa  of  War.  JLaaoeiations  to  freeent  the 
$ueeai8  of  the  Loans*  Efforts  to  bankrupt  the  Govern- 
meiU* 

Monet  has  long  been  proverbially  styled  the  kinews 
of  war.  It  is  no  misn.irxer.  Siildiers  cannot  be  raised— 
nor  put  in  motloA-— no>*  uri'^;>  ><!^  'n  the  fi  M  jf  battle,  with- 
out money  to  elothe  a  ^  '  it  a  them.  A  government  at 
war,  and  destitute  of  funds  or  eredit,  must  succumb  to  its 
adversary— >4iend  the  neck  to  the  yoke — make  humble  sub- 
misslon-^and  receive  the  law  from  the  conqueror.  To  these 
truths  hi'stofy  bears  ample  and  uniform  testimony. 

,  *  This  UBortkMi  has  been  cavilled  at  by  a  Boston  writer,  but  not  refuted. 
Boston,  by  her  Jacobinical  opposition  to  tlie  peaceable  meusures  adopted  to 
obtain  fW>ni  England  that  redress  for  which  slie  herself  had  so  loudly  insisted 
on  the  interference  of  government— and  by  her  excitement  of  a  similar  oppo- 
•ition  throughout  the  eastern  states  generally,  defeated  those  measures,  and 
encoiuraged  England  to  proceed  in  her  outrages— which  iin:dly  led  to  war. 


THE  OLIVE  BBANObi 


Vider  Ail  imprMti <»«,  ikofftly  tfter  th«  deolaratte  ^M 
wtr*  tlifire  WM  «  ««mtilMMioii  Ibrnad  !•  preve«t  the 
•I  the  lowno  »athorUe4  hj  eoBgreii.  I  believe  thtt 
ftll  those  who  entered  into  thto  MlieeM  resided  l«  the  ( 
itAtefr  partieolftfljr  in  Boitoa,  w^i  was  tho  grid  fbe«t 
oftheeoMpirMy. 

No  noMurot  nowerev  »troeious»  ev«r  wm  deatitfle  of  «^ 

CMtiblo  plen  to  nilliate  or  Jotliiy  iti  enrniity.  llrie 
gh'handed  eontplraoy  to  destroy  the  eredm  of  ihe-fOTom* 
Meat  of  tlieir  eottiiiry»  whieh  originated  MMOg  the  ••  mortl 
Md  religioue  people*'  of  BoetOBt  was  prodionted  iipoii  two 
poiitione: 

F*nt«  that  EogUad  wMt  md  had  nlwayo  been,  witting  <o 
nnke  «  treaty  With  ue  on  fair  and  bonoarable  terms  t  and 
that*  so  great  was  her  oiagBaRliniCy*  she  would  take  no  ad- 
vantase  of  any  embarrasaments  or  dtfleultses  that  mi|^ 
arise  from  the  destruetion  of  the'pnbllo  oredit. 

Seeondlyf  that  oar  administration  wa^  so  obstiaately  de- 
termined to  eontlnue  the  war»  that  it  would  losake  no  peaee 
while  it  had  the  means  of  earrying  on  hostilities. 

A  eorollary  from  these  positions  was,  that  if  the  eonspl-' 
rators  prevented  the  siiooess  6f  the  loans,  and  deprived  the 
government  of  the  means  of  proseouting  the  war»  we  should 
m  oopsei|uenee  have  peaee.<> 

These  extravagant  positions  must  exeite  the  amazement 
of  any  calm  observer.  **  But  as  soon  as  he  should  be  ae- 
**  quainted  with  the  nature  and  existenee  of  prejudiee*  pas-> 
**  sion>  obstinacy,  wilfulness,  wickedness,  and  ubove  all,  with 
**  the  eharacter  and  influence  of  party  spirit,  the  mystery 
**  would  vanish  at  once:  for  he  would  then  s«e  thnt  these, 
«  and  not  reason,  deoide.  Reatpn  a8k$  for  facta  ani  argu- 
**  mmt»,  Fr^uiieet  passion,  and  the  restt  ask  for  na«i6f» 
**  «ottnd«,  noise,  and  fury.  By  those  they  are  tmpeiled—*fry 
"  these  they  decide,*** 

Our  government  nad  given  fbur  strong  and  Irresistible 
proofs  of  a  disposition  to  conclude  the  war,  whieh  must 
carry  oonvietion  to  every  candid  mind^  .<  -.v  ;/<:>> 

First,  on  the  27th  of  June,  1814,  it  had  offered  the  Britisl^ 
government  an  armistice  on  the  simple  and  reasonable  con»^ 

*  "^is  paragraph  was  written  in  September  last.  The  result  of  the  nego- 
mttons  at  Ghent  Ailly  establishes  the  folly  as  well  as  the  wick«dness  of  these 
proceedings.  The  public  mind  has  been  since  very  conuderably  undeceived 
ou  these  points.  1  have  heard  gentlemen  rejoice  at  the  success  of  the  illus- 
trious hero,  Jackson,  at  New  Orleans,  as  leadinfp  to  peace,  who,  one  or  two 
years  since,  wrre  so  miserably  deluded  as  to  believe  that  the  road  to  a  cessa* 
tion  of  war  lay  through  the  defeat,  disgrace,  and  disaster  of  the  arms  of  their 
native  country ! 

\  The  Examiner,  by  Barent  Gardenier,  vol.  i,  page  57. 


•:l{  if'" 


■  I'lm 


t99 


THE  OLIVE  BRANtB. 


ditioM  of  su^pcndiDg,  during  ibe  negdoiatioQ*  Uie  outrage- 
omiqjary  ofimpre88ineiit>aiid  surrendering  the  American 
■eamen  previouily  impressed.  Qj^The  atupendon  ofim- 
pnasmmt  at  that  period  eould  not  have  oecaeioned  Great 
Britain  any  potiihle  dieadvantage;  tor,  liaving  nearly  anni- 
hilated all  the  rival  navies  of  Europe,  her  stoelc  of  sailors 
Miild  npt  require  to  be  replenished  by  impressment  from 
onr  vessels*  And  as  she  had  at  all  times  prqfei'Md  a  willing- 
ness to  surrender  our  seamen,  there  could  have  been  no  dif- 
flenlty  on  the  second  point.  She  ought,  therefore,  to  have 
met  onr  amioaUe  overtures  with  frankness.  If  she  were 
ighting  for  her  existence,  as  has  been  said  a  thousand  times ; 
andif  It  were  jeopardized  by  our  hostility;  it  was  the  quin- 
tessence of  madness  and  folly,  not  to  have  withdrawn  as 
firona  the  number  of  her  enemies,  when  she  could  have 
eflbeted  that  grand  object  on  such  easy  terms,  without  im- 
pairing her  credit  or  character. 

Seoondly,  it  had  promptly  accepted  the  Russian  mediation 
for  the  termination  of  httstilities. 

Thirdljf,  To  remove  all  difficulty  on  the  important  sub- 
ject of  impressment,  an  act  was  passed  by  congress,  on  the 
3d  of  March,  1818»  making  sueh  provisions,  to  cbmmenee 
ttoia  the  elose  of  the  war*  as  to  secure  Great  Britain  a- 
gainst  the  seduction  or  employment  of  her  seamen,  on  board 
our  vessels,  public  or  private* 

Fourthly,  and  most  particularly,  in  the  appointment  of 
three  ministers  tofnegociate,  Mr.  Bayard,  a  decided  federal- 
ist, was  chosen— >a  gentleman  of  high  standing  with  his  own 
party— of  considerable  talents — and  strenuously  opposed  to 
the  administration.  Unless  his  instruetions  had  been  fair 
and  honourable,  he  would  not  certainly  have  accepted  the 
appointment. 

In  the  appointment  of  ministers  in  England  or  elsewhere, 
I  believe  no  similar  instance  has  occurred  of  the  choice  of  a 
person  hostile  to  the  administration  who  appointed  him.  It 
was  a  very  great  effort  to  remove  suspicion  and  jealousy 
from  the-  publie  mind.  Nothing  but  the  incurable  folly 
and  madness  engendered  by-faction,  eould  possibly  resist  the 
fhir  inference  warranted  by  this  appointment.  But  it  was 
wholly  unavailing.  Faction  is  ifow,  ever  has  been,  and  ever 
will  be,  deaf,  and  dumb,  and  blind,  to  reason  and  common 
sense. 

These  four  facts  notwithstanding,  the  persuasion  was  ge- 
neral among  the  **  Peace  Party"  that  the  government  was 

■i  *  Among  the  members  who  voted  against  tliis  bill  were  Messrs.  Josiali 
Quincey  and  John  Randolph.  I'lieir  motives  must  have  been  very  extruoicii- 
nary.    I  cannot  fathom  them. 


THE  QIJYE  BBANC0, 


^^W- 


arerse  from  elosing  of  the  war.  The  talenti  of  the  fedendipti 
in  the  eastern  states  and  e]sewhere»  were  now  put  in  reqiii«i« 
tion  to  impress  this  idea  on  tlie  pnbllo  mind.  The  mos(  un- 
ceasing efforts  were  employed  on  ihis  sul^jeoL  The  lead- 
ers of  the  partv  affected  to  be,  and  the  others  were^  inflexi- 
ble in  the  opinion  }  , 

In  eonsequence  every  possible  exertion  was  inade»  parti- 
cularly in  Boston,  to  deter  the  citizens  from  subscribing  to 
the  loans,  in  order  to  disable  the  goyernment  from  carry- 
ing on  the  war,  and  of  course  force  it  to  make  peace.  Ai- 
Booiations  were  entered  into  in  the  most  solemn  and  publio 
manner  to  this  effect.  And  those  who  could  not  be  induced 
by  mild  means,  were  deterred  by  deUunciations.  A  folio 
Tolume  might  be  filled  with  the  lucubrations  that  appear<;d 
on  this  subject* 

The  pulpit,'  as  usual  in  Boston,  eame  in  aid  of  the  presSf 
to  secure  sui^cess.  Those  who  subscribed,  were  in  direct 
terms  declared  participators  in,  and  accessaries  to,  all  Uie 
"murders,**  as  they  were  termed,  that  might  take  place  iu 
the  **  unholy,  unrighteous,  toicked,  abominable,  and  acewsed 
war.*** 

To  enable  us  to  judge  of  the  wickedness  of  these  proceed- 
ings, let  us  examine  what  would  be  the  consequence  of  eom- 
plete  success.  No  diminution  of  the  guilt  of  any  act  arises 
from  its  failure  to  produce  its  usual  and  intended  effeot.-r 
The  man  who  fires  a  pistol  with  intent  to  kill,  is,  in  the  eye 
of  Heaven,  a  murderer  equally  with  him  whose  ball  passes 
through  the  brains  of  his  victim. 

Had  complete  success  crowned  the  efforts  of  the.  conspira- 
tors, these  awful  consequences  would  have  takeu;|Aace : 

First,  a  national  bankrupcy.f  The  public  creators,  and 
those  who  depended  on  them,  would  have  been' niined. 

Secondly,  with  the  downfall  of  the  public  stopk,  would 
have  fallen  the  stocks  of  banks,  insurance-companies^  |  &c. 
&o. 

Thirdly,  private  bankruptcy  would  have  followed  to  an  en- 
ormous extent:  and  wide-spread  ruin  would  have  pervaded 
the  nation.^ 

Fourthly,  the  national  armies  must  have  been  disbanded,, 
and  the  frontiers  exposed  to  the  desolating  effects  of  the 

.  •  See  chapter  LVI. 

t  After  the  above  was  written,  this  eiFect  was  produced  to  a  certain  extent 
by  this  conspiracy. 

t  This  consequence  took  place  to  a  most  alarming  degree. 

§  Strong^  traces  of  the  pergicious  effects  of  this  conspiracy  appear  through* 
out  the  union.  Some  of  the  conspirators  fell  unlamentcd  victims  to  their  own 
machinations, 


300 


THE  OtiTVE  BRANCH. 


Hatehet  and  tomahawk.  The  aged  matron— 4he  chaste  and 
tender  wlfSo— 4he  blooming  maiden— the  deorepid  grandsire 
•— ithe  manljr  father-— and  the  helpless  infknt>-«ll  would  have 
been  inyolved  in  one  wide*  impartial,  and  undistinguishing 
dettruetjon! 

Fifthljr,  our  seaport  towns  would  have  been  exposed  to 
the  merey  of  Cookburns  and  Gordons.  They  would  hate 
shared  the  fiite  of  Alexandria,  of  Hampton,  of  Havre*de- 
Grace,  and  of  Frenohtown. 

And  Sixthly,  to  dose  the  awful  catalogue,  our  govern- 
ment would  be  laid  at  the  mercy  of  Great  Britain  ;— and, 
deprived  of  the  means  of  resistance,  roust  have  submitted 
tto  whatever  ignominious  terms  she  might  choose  to  impose. 

These  were  the  results  that  must  have  taken  place,  had 
complete  "uccess  Ck>owned  the  horrible  project.  Never  was 
more  unholy  purpose  attempted. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  many  of  the  persons  engaged  in 
this  conspiracy  did  not  contemplate  such  extensive  results. 
They  may  have  looked  no  fitfther  fbrward  than  to  the  resto- 
tion  of  peace.  But  the  leaders  in  the  scheme  were  too  keen, 
too  shrewd,  too  profound*  and  too  hostile  to  the  government 
of  their  country,  to  allow  us  to  extend  to  them  the  same 
degree  of  charity.  Their  minds  must  have  gras(ied  all  the 
stupendous  and  awful  consequences ;  and  they  had  reconciled 
themselves  to  the  wide-spread  devastation. 

The  success  in  the  eastern  states  was  considerable.  Few 
men  have  the  courage  to  stem  the  tide  of  popular  delusion 
when  it  sets  in  very  strong.  There  were  some,  however, 
who  subscribed  openly,  in  defiance  of  denunciations  and 
threats.  Others,  of  less  firm  texture,  loaned  their  money 
by  stealth,  and  as  clandestinely  as  if  it  were  treasonable. 
What,  alas !  must  be  the  awful  state  of  society,  when  a  free 
citizen  is  afraid  of  lending  his  money  publicly,  to  sup|)ort 
the  government  that  protects  him-— the  mildest  form  of  go- 
vernment ever  vouchsafed  by  Heaven  to  man—- whose  mild- 
ness enabled  its  enemies  to  jeopartWzc  its  very  existence! 
Who.  that  has  a  soul  to  feel-— who,  that  has  a  spark  of  pa- 
triotism or  public  spirit  in  his  frame,  but  must  be  fired  with 
a  holy  indignation  at  such  a  hideous,  such  a  horrible  state 
of  the  public  mind  f 

<*  Money  is  such  a  dru^  (the  surest  sign  of  the  former  prosperity,  andpreunt 
insecurity  of  trade)  that  men  uguiiist  their  consciences,  their  honour,  their 
duty,  their  pro/eetima  and  PROMISES — are  willing  to  lend  it  aecretftf—to 
support  the  very  measures  which  are  both  intended  and  calculated  for  the'' 
ruin."* 

This  paragraph,  the  production  of  John  Lowell,  establish- 
es the  existence  of  a  combination  to  prevent  the  success  of 

*  See  Road  to  Iluin,  No.  5. 


onour.  their 


TBK  auVE  BAAN^H. 


w 


the  loanit  who  hftd  *^promia9i''*tvioh  other,  or  pledged  Uiem- 
golvesy  not  to  subtieribe  *.  flome  of  who«i,  nevel'lheleisi,  djd 
•ubsci'llM^- >but»  to  avoid  tlie  j^e|iroaehe»  itnid  pcrMcutlon  of 
their  assoeiates,  did  it  **  fccrelly."  This  coneiusiiop  irrei in- 
tibly  fellows.  These  **fromi»e9  not  to  lend  their  motuty," 
oiukl  refer  to  the  cofcbluation  1  have  stated,  ft  ean  have  no 
other  meaniog.  And  the  fair  construction  of  thelif  lenittog 
» teartlif"  can  -be  no  otiier  than  tliat  they  Were  liable  to 
disgrace  with,  or  pertiecution  from/  their  partj»  if  thej 
were  known  to  lend. 

,  Of  the  species  of  denunciations  ht!d  out  to  deter  Arom 
subscriptions,  some  idea  may  be  formed  from  the  following 
paragraphs,  taken  from  various  Boston  papers. 

"  Let  no  man  who  wiihet  to  cotuinue  the  war  bg  active  meaiUt  iy  vole  or  lend- 
infmonejf,  dah'b  to  faostrate  uiMSBbr  at  thb  al>tar  om  ths 
r  AS  r  da  r ;  /or  they  are  actuaUy  at  much  purtukert  in  the  war,  at  the  toldier 
vh»  thrmtt  tine  bayonet  t  and  TUE  JUUiiMENT  OF  GOD  WILL  AWAIT 
THEM." 

Money  lent  by  FeJeraliitt. 

"  Will  federalists  subscribe  to  the  loan  )  will  they  lend  money  to  our  na- 
tional rulers  ?  It  is  impossible.  First,  because  of  the  principle  ;  and  second- 
ly, because  of  principal  and  interest.  If  they  lend  money  now,  they  make 
Uiemselves  parties  Uv  the  violations  of  the  constitution,  the;  cruelly  oppress- 
ive measures  in  relation  to  commerce,  and  to  all  the  crimes  which  have  oc- 
curred in  tlie  field  and  in  the  cabinet.  To  what  purpose  have  federalists 
exerted  themselves  to  show  the  wickedness  of  this  war,  to  rouse  the  public 
sentiment  i^ainst  it,  and  to  show  the  authors  of  it  not  only  to  be  unworthy 
of  public  confidence,  but  hitphly  criminal,  if  now  they  contribute  the  sums  of 
money  without  wlticb,  tliese  rulers  must  be  cotifpelied  to  ttopi  mutt  be  com- 
^ptUed  to  return  to  the  poliqf  and  measures  under  which  this  country  once  was 
at  peace,  and  in  singular  i>rosperity. 

*'  By  the  muirnanimous  course  pointed  out  by  governor  Strong,  that  is,  by 
withholding  all  voluniary  aid  in  prosecuting  the  war,  and  manfully  expressing 
our  opinion  as  to  its  injustice  and  ruinous  tendency,  we  have  arrested  its 
progress  ;  and  driven  back  itt  authors  to  abandon  their  ne/ariotu  tcltemet,  and 
to  look  auxiQitily  fur  peace.  What  then  if  we  now  lend  them  money  2  They 
vill  not  make  pence  I  they  will  still  hanker  forCunada;  they  will  still  assem- 
ble ii)rces,  and  siied  blood  un  our  western  frontier.  Mere  pride,  if  nothin(r 
else,  would  nuke  them  do  it.  The  motives  which  first  brought  on  the  war, 
will  still  continuie  it,  if  money  can  be  had.  £ut  tome  tay—ttill  you  let  tha 
country  become  bankrupt !  no,  the  country  will  never  become  bankrupt.    II  dt 

FRAY  DO   NOT     PREVENT    THE     ABUSERS    Of    THBIK    TttUST    BBCOMINO 

DA.N-KKUPT.  Du  not  prevent  ihemfrom  becoming  ^vliousto  die  public,  und 
replaced  by  better  men.  fX^ ^iny  federalist  -who  lends  money  to  jqvertitnent,  must 
go  and  shake  hands  with  James  Madison,  and  claim  fellowship  with  Felix 
(irundy.  (j^  Let  him  no  more  oalt  Jdmtelf  a  fediralial  und  friend  to  hit  coun- 
try !  !  !    HE  WILL  BE  CALLED  BY  OTHERS,  INFA.MOUS  !•!!!!! 

"  But,  secondly,  federalists  will  not  lend  money,  because  they  will  never 
get  it  again.  How,  where,  und  when,  are  tlie  government  to  get  money  to 
pay  initrest  ?  And  'Jj"  *•"'*"  '^'"*  '^'^  whether  future  rulert  tmay  think  tlie 
deut  contracted  under  such  circumstances,  and  by  men  who  lend  money  to  Mp 
out  measures  which  thei/ have  loudly  and  constantly  condemned,  ought  to  be  t aid! 
OiUhc  wiiole,  tlic-n,  tlicrc  are  two  very  strung  reasons  w!)y  federalists  will  not 
lend  mone}— first,  because  it  would  be  a  base  abandonment  of  political  and 
moral  principles  ,•  and  h'cC(Hully,  becaase  it  is  pretty  certain  thfy  will  nevet  be 
paid  again. 

'    N  n 


m 


301^ 


IHEOLIVE  attANCH. 


"  It  is  veiy  grateful  to  find  that  the  anivenal  •fntinenk  i»»  tiiat  (O*  ^NY; 
M4N  WHO^^KUS  HUj  MONEY  TOTHK  GOYBHNMEMT,  AT  THK 
^RKSBNT  TIME,  WILCfOKPEIT  ALL  CLAIM  TO  COMMON  H0NE8. 
tY  AND  COMMON  COURIIBSY  AMONG  ALL  THL'E  FUIENDS  TO 
THE  COUNTRY !!!!!!  God  forbid  that  any  federalist  sboald  «ver  hold 
iip^\iiahand  to  pay  federalists  for  inoixiy  lent  to  the  present  r«den  t  and  fede- 
ralists',; can  judge  whether  democrats  will  tax  their  constituents  to  pay  in- 
terest  to  federaUats."    Boston  Gazette,  April  l4j  1S14. 

"  irhe  war  advocates  appear  very  sore  and  chagrined  at  thfe  fiiilare  of  the 
late  lo«n,  and  in  their  ravings  a*cril>e  the  meagre  subscriptions  to.  the  truths 
which  have  appeared  in  the  federal  papers  on  the  subject."  Boston  Centinel, 
March  24th.  )813. 

"  Our  merchants  constitute  an  honourable,  high -minded,  independent,  and 
intelligent  alass  of  citizens.  They  feel  the  oppression',  injury,  and  fnookery, 
with  which  they  arc  treated  by  their  government.  They  will  lend  thep 
money  to  retrace  their  steps->but  none  to  persevere  in  tbutr  present  course. 
OCj*  Let  every  high-wutftnanfind  hit  van  piatols."    Boston  Gazette. 

We  have  only  room  this  evening  to  say  that  we  trust  710  true  friend  to  Mi 
country  v>ill  be  found  among  the  subtcribera  to  the  Gallatin  loan.**  New- York 
Even||^  t»ost. 

"  No  peace  will  ever  be  made,  till  the  people  say  there  shall  be  no  war.  If 
the  rich  men  continue  to  furnish  money,,  war  vtitt  continue  till  the  motmtainH 
ore  melted  with  blood— till  evert/ Jleld  in'  timerica  it  vfhite  with  the  bones  of  the 
people.^  Discourse  delivered  at  Byiield,  April  7,  1814.  By  Elijali  Parish, 
D.D. 

"  If  this  \f ar  is  to  be  supported  by  loans,  paper  stock  will  breed  as  fast 
and  faster  thiin  merinos.  Their  fleeces,  if  your  pastures  are  good,  will  yield 
the  interest ;  but  for  your  interest  of  paper  stock,  you  must  yield  a  fleece  of 
loans  annually  from  your  own  pockets.  The  admiral  and  the  purser  have  in. 
iijimed  tlie  crew,  that  they  have  but  few  shot  in  the  locker;  they  must  be  re- 
plenished, or  the  war  laurels  must  wither.  In  our  old  war,  when  private 
men  were  public  creditors,  and  became  somewhat  impatient  of  public  delay, 
the  administration  would  promise  them  one  new  dollar  for  two  hundred  (Ad 
ones,  and  try  their  patience  again,  (^y;  My  brother  fanners,  if  you  have  mon' 
ey  to  let,  let  it  lay.  (Jjr"  If  the  war  continues,  you  will  purchase  your  stock  at 
four  years  old,  cheaper  than  you  can  raise  it;  so  unjust  is  this  onensive  war, 
in  which  our  rulers  have  plunged  us,  in  the  sober  consideration  df  millions, 
that  (^  tltey  cannot  conscientiously  apfrouch  the  God  of  armies  for  his  blessing 
upon  it."     Boston  Centinel,  13th  January,  1813. 

The  following  advertisements  contain  volumes.  They 
evince,  beyond  the  power  of  doubt  or  denial,  the  horrible 
state  to  which  a  few  factious,  violent  men,  by  their  treason- 
able pi*ac(ices,  had  redu^^ed  tlie  town  of  Boston,  when  thuse 
>vho  were  disposed  to  support  their  own  government,  were 
obliged  to  do  it  as  clandestinely  as  if  they  were  engaged  in 
some  dangerous  conspiracy. 

The  JVew  Xoan. 
From  the  Boston  Chronicle,  April  14, 1814. 
From  the  advice  of  several  respected  friends,  we  are  induced  to  announce 
to  the  public  that  subscriptions  to  the  new  loan  will  be  received  by  us  as 
iigents  until  the  23th  inst.  from  individuals,  or  incorporated  bodies,  in  sums 
of  jg  500  and  upwarJs".  The  subscriptions  to  conform  to  the  regulations  an- 
nounced by  the  scci-ctary  of  the  treasury,  dated  4lh  April.  Payments  may 
be  made  in  Boston  money,  or  in  any  other  in  the  United  States,  the  subscriber 
paying  the  customsury  rate  of  discount.  Applications  will  be  received  from 
iny  persons  who  wish  to  receive  their  interest  in  Boston,  by  letters  post 


&ES 
UNDElti 
(for  mot 
highest 
it  will  of 
lose  the 
reUttng 


THE  OU^B  PR^4?H. 


m 


THE 
HK 


ofiid,  or  by  writtei^  «pplicationa  from  individuala  in  B(>Btoa,  (t1*  \NJ}  T 
MiHES  or  ALl.  8UBSCUIBER8  SIlAiLL  6B  KNOWI^  ONLY  ITI  TI 
UNDEltSlGNK1\  according  to  the  proposals  of  the  KcreUry  of  the  trettittjr 
(fiw  more  particulara  tec  lilt  (ulve|!%iMiii«nti)-  eaoli  mplicani  nfusl  name  the 
highest  rate  he  will  give ;  and  if  ihe  loa^i  is  granted  lo^er  thun  his, proposal., 
it  wilt  of  course  be  for  his  benefit:  but  on  the  other  hand,  if  Ittgher,  ht!  will 
lose  the  benefit  of  being  a  subscriber.  The  certifteiitcs,  and  alitbebtuincM 
reUtingtoitfWill  bexleliTercdfireeofcharga.  I'>'^<  t«( 

GILBERT  &  PEAIH,  Jlralsers. 
**  Exchanffe  CoJepHouH,  B0ttottt  JlprllW 


:.\::.t 


from  the  Botton  Oazette^  J'/trj/ 14, 1814. 
THE  LOAN. 
*'  Subscriptions  will  be  received  thcough  the  agency  of  the  subscriber  to 
the.25tb  inst.  inclusive. 

••  To  avoid  QC^fAe  incpnvenience  of  pernnat  appearnnee  in  tuhaeribe,  appli- 
cations in  writing  will  be  received  from  any  part  of  the  state.  Each  applicant 
will  name  the  highest  rate  he  will  giy«,  and  if  the  loan  shall  be  granted  lower 
than  his  proposal,  he  will  reap  the  benefit:  but  if  higher  th^n  his  oiFer,  he 
will  have  no  shaJre  in  it.  The  amount,  rate,  and  (E?*  NAME  OP  ANV  AP- 
PLICANT SHALL,  AT  HIS  REQUEST,  BE  KNOWN  ONLY  TO  THE 
SUBSCRIBER.  All  the  business  shall  be  transacted,  and  certificates  de- 
livered  to  the  subscribers  without  expense."  ^ 

JESSE  PUTNAM,  "^i 

On  the  aboTe  adverdsemeiitSt  and  others  of  a  similar 
cbaraeter*  the  following  comments  were  published  in  the 
same  paper. 

"  Ihfw  degradkd  muit  our  gmemmmt  be,  even  in  their  own  eye;  vhen.  they 
renrt  to  euch  trick*  to  obtain  money,  vhich  a  common  Jew  broker  -moul^  be 
athamed  of.  They  must  be  well  acquainted  with  the  fabric  of  the  men  who 
are  to  loan  them  money,  when  they  offer,  that  if  they  will  have  the  goodness 
to  do  it,  OCj*  their  names  thatl  not  be  exposed  to  the  world.  They  know  right 
well  that  (H/*  the  cause  is  so  sneaking  and  vile,  that  nobody  would  be  seen  in  the 
broad  day -light  to  lend  them  money.  However  it  is  consistent  with  the  system 
of  deception  and  double  dc|^ing  which  they  have  always  practised. 

"  Capitalists  may  be 'induced  to  subscrilje  to  tlie  loan,  becuusc>  it  will  tend 
to  shorten  the  war.  But  what  pledge  have  they  wlicn  they  have  poured  all 
their  cash  into  the  lap  of  the  government,  that  the  war  will  end } 

"  No  one  doubts  of  their  rancour  and  ill.will  towainls  England;  that  they 
arc  willing  to  fight  her  as  long  as  they  can  g^t  money.  Well  then,  if  they 
can  gull  the  rich  men,  and  get  as  many  loans  as  tltey  ask  for,  wiU  they  mtt 
fight  till  that  is  gone  ?  yea,  and  until  they  can  negociate  new  loans  upon  the 
same  terms  ? 

"  Perhaps  monied  men  may  be  bribed  by  the  high  interest  tliat  is  ofiered. 
(Ij*  But  if  they  withhold  their  aid,  and  so  force  the  government  into  a  petue, 
will  not  their  capital  be  better  employed,  if  engaged  in  trade  ?  will  they  not 
have  better  security  for  its  payment,' and  at  their  command  when  they  ask 
for  it? 

"  On  the  whole,  we  think  it.no  way  to  g^t  out  of  the  war,  to  give  money  to 
the  government,  wlien  the  very  thing  tliat  prevents  them  from  carrying  it  on, 
»■»  tlie  want  of  money."     Boston  Gazette,  April  14, 1814. 

After  having  intinii<l;Uo(l  thccitizcQS  from  h'nding  their 
money  publicly,  by  the  most  inihiinma(ory«  and  seditious, 
and  threatening  publicatioriH,  oi'  which  (he  preceding  ex- 
tracts afford  a  tilight  specimen,  these  writers  revile  and 
abuse  tht>  govcrnniciil,  booausc  those  icho  icish  to  lendf  are. 


•I 


m 


THt  OLITE  BRANCH. 


in-eiuih^thehrolltrs  to  do  it  iwfetty!  Wliat  trftoscendent 
vi«k«dnentindii\juitioe!  % 

IJuodredi  of  timilftr  paragraphs  and  essays  were  wHitrn 
viHh  a  view  to  dissuade  and  intimidate  monied  men  from 
subseriliinc  to  the  loans*  Cantiiiii;  hypocrites,  vlio  were  vio- 
lating the  fundamental  laws  of  sooiely*  encouraging  **  smog, 
gling,*'  and  **  perjury*"*—**  acquiring  ill-gotten  wealth  at 
the  expense  of  publie  morals** — and  endeavouring,  though  a 
small  minority*  to  trample  down  the  majority,  had  the 
wickedness  to  invoke  **  the  judgment  of  Ood,"  ujion  tha 
supporters  of  a  lawful  and  mtM  government ! 

In  the  middle  states,  the  federalists  did  not  enter  Info  the 
prqfeet*  or  to  a  very  limited  extent.  Many  of  them  were 
suhscribers — some  on  a  very  liberal  scale.  And  thus  tlie 
loans,  in  spite  of  the  press,  and  the  pulpit,  and  the  eflbrls  of 
the  conspirators,  succeeded,  to  their  infinite  mortitication. 
New  means  were  brought  into  operation^  which  were  tem> 
porarily  crowned  with  suAcess^ 


CilAPTEU  LIII. 

Smuggling  carried  to  a  great  excess  in  Boston,  Specie  abiin- 
dattt  there.  Oppressive  drafls  on  ^ew  York.  Arrange- 
nu^nts  between  persons  in  Canada  and  in  Boston.  Govern- 
nunt  Bills,  Treason  in  the  United  States.  J^ispiHsion 
of  treason.  High  treason  in  Great  Britain.  Hanging, 
drawing  and  quartering. 

How  strong  soever  may  be  the  general  sense  of  the 
infamy  of  smuggling,  it  has  always  prevailed;  and  will 
never  be  wholly  suppressed,  while  it  holds  out  such  great 
advantages,  and  while  there  are  men  to  be  found  who  wor- 
ship gain  as  their  God.  It  is  not  theretbre  surprising,  that 
the  nonimportatioH,  the  embargo,  Ike.  being  denounced  as 
oppi*e88ive,  unjust,  and  unconatitutional— and  the  war  us 
wicked,  and  unprovoked,  and  corrupt,  smuggling  should  htt 
carried  on  to  a  most  prodigious  extent,  cspeciully  us  tije 
publje  pa|>ers  in  Boston  repeatedly  invited  and  urged  tiie 
citizens  to  set  the  restrictive  syHtem  at  delianre.  Tin  sc 
circumstances  conspired  to  supply  that  town  with  smuggled 
goods  on  a  very  large  scale. 

Of  thf  extent  to  which  sihuggting.  and  fraud,  and  perjury 
have  been  carried  in  Boston,  some  idea  may  be  foi'mcd  tVoin 
the  following"*  precious  confession,"  written  by  John  Lowell. 
It  describes  a  stale  of  society  not  exceeded  in  the  most  cui*- 
rupt  countries  in  Europe. 


I  [ 


THE  OLIVE  BBANCH/ 


M» 


«  Emourtiged  and  prtttcted/hm  in/any  bytheJuH  *4hm  ugainu^tKimar^ 
^thtyengagt  in  lawl«$$  »p€culaH<m»'-Q;j' tnatr  a$  «A«  (r««|rd^|lf ,  ^  fMi> 
teience—(Sj' lauffh  a/ /er/ury— (Cj*  HMcJb  at  legtd  rettrabntt—^nd  f^yatfuif 
an  ill-gotten  -wealth  at  the  expente  ofpubUe  miralt,  and^the  m$f9  atiei^f  tmh 
taentinu  partt  of  tha  eommunit^*'*'\ 

It  WAS  worthy  of  the  most  serious  refleetien  of  the  hAoovr- ' 
able  and  publie-splrited  federalists  of  the  middle  and 'south- 
ern states,  how  far  they  eouM,  without  disgmee  anddii-^ 
|ionour/**/oIIote  the  lead**  of  a  town  where  suoh  a  stnte  of 
(hings  exmed — where  no  regard  was  paid  to  ••  rtgtrdintaqf 
cowcfmce**— where  ••  perjui-y"  was  a  sul(jeet  of  « laushter' 
-.where  **  legal  reslrainti"  werie  **  set  nt  deflanoe"-'-and 
whfire  **  public  morals**  were  sacrifieed  to  the  acquisition  of 
**Hl'gotten  wealth,** — What  an  awful  eonslderation  it  is» 
(bat  such  a  description  of  citizens  should  have  hlM  it  in* 
tbeir  power  materially^  to  affect  the  destinies  of  eivht  mil- 
lions of  people  and  their  posterity !  ibr  it  is  a  most  fH^lful 
truth,  that  all  the  violent,  lawless,  Jacobinical*  and  wieked 
measures,  which  were  driving  this  country  to  perditiQii» 
had  their  origin  in  Boston,  where  **  perjury  and  8muggli..g" 
were  the  roads  to  fortune — and  where  **  consdence  simirded 
nfr  restraint.*'} 

Mr.  Lowell,  after  drawing  this  frightful  picture,  endea- 
vours to  make  the  administration  answerable  for  the  Whole 
to  **  a  just  God,*'  who  *^  knows  how  to  trace  the  eauset  of 
human  events,**  This  is  most  sorry  and  contemptible  cant- 
in|;,  and  can  deceive  no  man  beyond  the  rank  of  an  idiot. 
Tbis  hideous  derangement  of  morals  is  solely  the  production 

•RoadtoUui'  No.  6, 

f  Mr.  Lowell  denies  t!iat  the  above  portrait  was  drawm  for  Boston.  He 
says  "  the  remarks  were  intended  to  apply  to  other  states  than  Mussachux, 
setts" — but  be  does  not  specify  which  are  the  states.  I  have  reconsidered 
the  subject,  and  am  not  disposed  to  adroit  his  defence.  The  depravation  of 
morals  he  describes,  is,  he  says,  the  result  of  "  amu^gling^."  And  this  is 
|)rntectcd  from  infamy  by  "  the  Just  odium  ap^ainst  the  war."  Now  it  is  well 
known  that  there  was  no  part  of  tlte  United  States  where  smugrling  was  car. 
lied  on  so  larg^ely  and  so  barefacedly  as  in  Boston — and  none  Avhere  so  much 
pains  were  taken  to  excite  the  public  passions  against  the  war,  or  with  so 
much  success.  It  is  therefore  nut  in  Mr.  Lowell's  power  to  remove  the  fair* 
1ICSS  of  the  application. 

i  I  wish  here  to  avoid  being  misunderstood.  This  statement  respecting 
Boston  is  to  be  received  with  due  qualifications.  1  have  numerous  .nnd  most 
estimable  acquaintances  in  Boston— equal  in  point  of  honour  and  integrity  to 
any  citizens  in  the  United  States.  And  such  i  consider  the  mass  of  the  ia 
liubitants.  But  in  times  of  factious  violence,  the  worst  men  always  rise  •'.p- 
permost  i  ffain  the  ascendency ;  give  the  tone  to  public  measures  ;  and  esta- 
tilish  an  arbitrary  sway.  And  men  who  "  luugh  at  perjury,"  and  "  sneer  at 
the  restraints  of  conscienQC,'''  are  precisely  those  who  in  such  times  of  fi-enzy 
bear  sway  over  their  fellow  citizens,  and  bear  down  or  force  with  them  the 
dispassionate  and  well  intentioned.  At  all  events,  the  picture  of  Boston  ia 
not  mine.  If  it  be  incorrect,  I  am  not  answerable.  l.et  Mr.  Lowiell  and  his 
*"ri(  nds  «ttlc  the  account  between  them. 


\iimm4 


[Jl 


MM 


lOT^  9l^y£  «lUll^lf . 


«f  IMiMi*  whioli  ooDMeratesvvery  meaoit  however  wieked, 
U  mtwer  Us  vUe  purpoiei. 

.  ,<*  Admiaiatration  hirelings  may  revile  the  northern  atatea,  and  the  mer- 
chant* generally,  for  QC^<Ai«  mmttrgui  debrawatitn  qfmortU»t  (I^thit  execra- 
Me  eaurte  ^f  tmuggUng  and  fraud.  But  there  is  a  juat  God,  who  knows  how 
to  iHu»  the  causes  of  human  events :  artd  (t^Atf  iMt  attundly  «i»it  upon  the 
amUutf  tftMt  war,  aU  the  iniquiliea  of  -mhieh  U  hat  been  the  oee»tion.  <\:^If 
thtguUtji  d»—rve  eur  Horn  or  our  pitjftfiUj'the  tempter*  anduducero  dtierve 

TkiM  it  very  juit  and  tree.  The  guilty  deserve  our  scorn. 
The  leduoers  meril  e:](eoration.  But  who*  let  me  ask*  were 
tiie  sedttoers?  Those*  indubitaUyy  who  for  so  many  years 
had  litep  employed*  ,hy  every  meaas*  however  Imso  or  vile, 
iqi  exeitioff  the  people  to  foreible  opposition  to  the  rulers  of 
ueir  eiio^e^-whp  bad*  in  the  public  papers,  openly  invited 
t)|Ofe»fwho  needeu  no  suoh  invitatiout  to  violate  laws  fairly 
and  eonstitutionaily  enacted*  which  they  falsely  dcnouiieed 
as  <^retsive  and  «*uncon«^(tt(tona{.''  These  were  **lhe 
seAuur9»**  These  were  the  men  on  whom  heaven  in  its 
nghteottt  decrees,  would  **vidt  all  tl\e  iniqnitiea,**  to  which 
their  an^bition*  their  turbulence*  and  their  factious  spirit 
had  given  occasion. 

Many  valuable  British  prizes  were  sent  into  Boston, 
vrhleh  greatly  added  to  the  stock  of  goods  introduced  there 
by  smugeling.  The  middle  air.d  southern  states*  which  re- 
frained from  this  pestiferous  practice*  derived  neariv  all 
their  supplies  of  foreign  merchandize  from  that  town.  This 
course  of  events  filled  the  vaults  of  the  banks  in  Boston 
with  incomparably  more  specie  than  they  ever  held  before 
— and  raised  very  heavy  balances  against  the  banks  in  New 
York.  The  PhHadelpbia  banks  were  indebted  to  New  York; 
tbose  in  Baltimore  to  Philadelphia;  and  so  on*  more  to  the 
southward* 

It  may  not  be  unamusing  to  the  reader  to  explain  this 

{Process  a  little  more  in  detail.  New  York  purchased  goods 
ai^ly  in  Boston*  partly  for  bank  notes  and  partly  on  credit. 
For  the  latter  portion  promissory  notes  were  given*  which 
were  transmitted  from  Boston  to  the  New  York  banks  for 
collection.  Very  large  purchases  were  likewise  made  in 
Boston  by  citizens  of  Philadelphia*  Baltimore*  Richmond, 
Petersburg*  &:e.  Payments  were  made  in  bank  notes,  of 
the  middle  and  southern  states,  and  in  proniissory  notes. 
Both  were  sent  on  to  New  York,  the  first  for  transtuission 
to  the  banks  whence  they  were  issued — and  the  second  for 
oolleetion. 

This  state  of  things  suggested  the  stupendous  idea,  at 
which  the  reader  will  stand  aghast,  of  \vielding  the  financial 
•  Road  to  Ruin,  No.  6. 


THE  OUTB  BRANCH. 


io» 


ukantaget  then  eirjoyed  by  Boston,  to  produce  the  efbet 
which  the  pren  and  the  pulpit  had  Ihilco  to  aecoiiplhbh-k 
that  is*  to  atop  the  vhedg  of  govommeiU  by  iiramng  the 
hanke  in  the  middie  anil  cimtnem  etatee  of  thdr  jpede,  and 
thus  producing  an  utter  dieabiUty  to  itU  the  laima/f! 
This  scheme  was  prelected  in  the  Mrinter  of  lMS-14 
~i4wd  immediate  arrangements  were  made  to  carry  H into 
execution.  It  richly  earned  for  tiie  projectors  the  hcaty 
curses  of  ihe  widows^  and  orphans*  and  other  persdm  on 
whom  it  entailed  so  much  distress  and  ruin. 

Accordingly  the  New  Yorki  Philadelphia,  and  sonthem 
bank  notes  held  by  the  Boston  banks,  were  transmitted  with 
demands  for  their  amount  in  specie — and  drafts  were  like- 
wiM)  drawn  on  the  New  York  banks  for  the  balascet  on  the 
faee  of  the  books,  to  enoi^mous  amounts.  I  am  credibly  in* 
formed  t|iat  the  sum  thus  drawn  tyas  seven  or  eight  mil- 
lions* of  dollars  from  the  time  of  commencing  these  opera- 
dons  till  the  Slst  of  August,  1814,  a  space  of  about  eigl|t 
months.  To  relieyo  themselves  from  this  pressure,  the 
New  York  banks  drew  as  largely  as  the  state  of  the  acconnto 
would  admit,  on  those  in  Philadelphia^— the  latter  on  those 
in  Baltimore — and  those  in  the  latter  city  on  Washington* 
Alexandria,  Richmond,  &e.  li-y 

A  fearful  alarm  spread  through  the  community.  The 
issue  was  looked  for  with  terror.  Wagons  were  loading 
with  specie  at  the  doors  of  our  banks  lumost  every  week. 
There  have  been  three  at  one  time  loading  in  Philadelphia. 
The  banks  throughout  the  middle  and  southern  states  were 
obliged  to  curtail  iheir  discounts.  Bankruptcies  took  place 
to  a  considerable  extent.  Even  wealthy  men,  who  were 
wholly  unprepared  for  such  a  crisis,  suffered  great  inconve- 
nienue.  Some  who  had  subscribed  to  the  loans,  wero  un* 
able  to  comply  with-  their  engagements :  and  others  were 
withheld  from  subscribing,  by  the  general  pressure  for 
money.  In  consequence^  the  loan,  then  pending,  partially 
I'siled,  to  the  very  great  embarrassment  of  the  government, 
and  distress  of  the  public.  I'liis  xvas  the  nefdiHous  olgeet  in 
viae, 

I  have  before  me  **  A  true  abstract  of  the  statements  Of 
the  several  bank  corporations  of  Mussachusetts,  rendered 

•  When  I  wrote  this  passage,  I  gi-eatly  uiiderrated  the  amount  tbua  with- 
drawn from  the  middle  and  southern  states,  wliicli  I  estimated  at  only  four 
millions  of  dollars.  Subsequent  enquiries  have  satisfied  me  that  it  was  pro- 
bubly  double  that  amount.  The  banks  from  New-York  to  Norfolk  incluaiviely, 
as  well  as  most  of  those  to  the  westward,  were  literally  drained  of  their  specie, 
and  nearly  I'educed  to  bankr'-^tcy.  Two  millions  of  dollars  and  more,  have 
frequently  been  exported  from  Philadelphia  for  the  East  Indies  in  single  sea- 
sons, without  producing  any  sensible  effect. 


li!|raij| 


'H. 


fi'i 


c  f 


..A 


MS 


'jni£4ILlVi&BRANUIl. 


Jw^^wjt  i8U/'  wmI  publlihod  1^  ilie  meretarj  of  ilmt  «oui. 
iBMweiillhf  trwn  whioh  1  extnot  lli«  ftnount  vf  ipeeie  ia 
Uieir  TMilttf  and  of  their  uoten  in  oireuUlton. 

Specie,     A\»Im  in  eireulalion. 


MnMMhuMttft  Bulk. 

02,tU.lOi 

S688,708 

Union* 

at7,79d 

2188,828 

BotUMlf 

i>tM*6'a 

869,908 

Bute, 

0*9,066 

809,000 

N«w  England, 

28^,450 

161,170 

MeehanicMy 

i7»891 

Mfb96 

ST: 

,  tS'Mii.^U 

3,000,601 

Of  eoune  there  eould  not  C>e  the  leait  pretext  of  want  of 
ineeio,  to  answer  the  utmosl  ^temi^id  that  eould  be  reasoo- 
ablv  eiileulated  on.  Thvy  (jotieised,  for  every  hundred 
dollars  of  their  notes  in  eireulalion,  nearly  SAO  dollars  in 
•peeie— a  slate  of  things  probably  unparalleled  in  the  hiilo- 
ry  of  banking,  from  the  days  of  the  Lombards  to  the  present 
time.  . 

No  man  can  pretend,  tltat  with  the  above  enormous 
amount  of  speeie,  and  the  mo<Ierate  amount  of  notes  in  cir- 
eulatlon,  these  hanks  would  have  deemed  it  either  advisable 
or  deeessary  to  aiake  such  very  unusual  and  immoderaie 
drafts,  particularly  at  the  season  of  the  year  when  this  pro* 
joet  was  commenced,  unless  there  was  some  extraordiDar)r 
ottject  to  be  accomplished. 

Notwithstanding  the  enormous  sums  of  specie  drawn  into 
the  town  of  Boston,  from  New  York,  Philadelphia,  &c.  so 
great  was  the  drain  away  to  Canada  and  Nova  Scotia,  to 
pay  for  government  bills  and  for  smuggled  goods,  that  but 
a  very  moderate  sum  remained  at  the  beginning  of  the  pre- 
sent year,  (1818.)  I  annex  a  statement  of  the  amount  iu 
the  vaults  of  the  difierent  banks,  at  two  periods,  subsequent 
to  the  preceding  date,  from  which  an  idea  may  bo  ibrined 
of  the  pernicious  extent  to  which  these  prooeedings  were 
oarricu. 

Jahj  l8t,  1811. 

gl,939,4U5 

6d9,7«9 

l,270,7.Sl 

1,11^,421 

484,2!>8 


Massachusetts  Bank, 

Union, 

Boston, 

State, 

New  England, 


Jan.  UU  1815. 
jS763,68i 
202.786 
691,729 
.  88.3311 
252,832 


28,468,601 


$$1,999,368 


Th'us,  it  appears,  that  in  six  months  the  amount  of  specie 


THE  OUVB  BRANCH.  ||# 

kid  been  fBdaeed  (he  enormoai  inm  of  ntmtly  three  mllUoM 
•ttd  t  j\t9t  deilftrt»  ttotwIthiUndlng  th«  floMlBual  tnppllet 
from  New  York  till  the  Sltt  Augutt,  ISli. 

Attbmpti  htve  been  made  to  Jattliy  the  extratagaBt 
drafts  above  stated*  as  mcrelj  the  result  of  the  batanee  of 
trade  In  fliTor  of  floston.  It  has  been  asserted,  thit  It  was 
no  more  than  right  and  proper  Ibr  the  banks  of  that  town  to 
require  the  balances  due  them  j  and  that  the  ekse  dally  oe4 
eurs*  of  banks  drawing  on  each  other  in  a  similar  mod^f 
vrhen  balunoes  aeerue. 

These  palliatlTes  will  not  stand  the  test  of  sober  etamU 
nation.  A  large  poKhm  of  the  heaviest  drafts,  indeed  those 
tliat  first  exeited  alarm,  were  made  during  the  winter,  when 
the  flreight  was  SO,  20,  or  HO  per  eent.  higher,  in  eonseqnenoe 
of  the  wretehed  state  of  the  roads,  than  It  would  have  been* 
had  thejr  waited  a  few  weeks.  This  is  a  oonclusive  eironm« 
•tiince,  taken  in  eoi^unctlon  with  the  flhet,  that  there  was  a 
luperabundanee  of  speele  In  the  Boston  banks,  and  likewise 
with  the  laborious,  and  unoeasing*  and  profligate  eflbrts  that 
liiid  been  so  long  made,  to  destroy  the  publio  credit* 

It  is  well  known  to  every  person  in  the  slightest  degree 
acquainted  with  banking,  that  when  two  banks  In  diiferent 
titles  carry  on  a  large  intercourse  with  each  odier,  balances 
will  arise  in  favour  of  one  and  againitt  the  otiier,  often  to  a 
very  large  amount;  which  balances  remain onclaimed, some- 
times  for  months  together,  unless  the  tpecie  be  actually 
wanted.  The  banks  do  not  choose  unnecessarily  to  incur 
tite  expense  of  transportation— and  wait  in  expectation  of 
the  balance  being  reduced  by  the  regular  operations  of  trade, 
i  think  I  am  itafe  in  saying  that  at  least  two  pnillions  of  dol' 
Urs  are  constantly  thus  oiroumstanced,  between  New  Yock^ 
Piiiladelphia,  Baliimore,  Washington,  and  Richmond.  New 
York  owes  largely  at  times  to  Philadelphia— .Philadelphia  at 
other  times  to  iSew  York— 4md  so  of  banks  in  other  places. 

To  render  the  stroke  at  publie  credit  more  unerring^— and 
to  place  the  result  wholly  out  of  the  reach  of  conlingenoy, 
there  ioa«  an  arran^emeiU  made  hy  some  persons  at  present 
uttknovont  with  agents  of  tlie  government  of  Lower  Canada, 
wlurt^y  an  immense  amount  of  British  government  bills,* 

*  These  bills  were  openly  advertised  for  sale  in  the  Boston  papers.  I  an- 
nex an  advertisement  taken 

From  the  JBoiton  Daily  ^dvertiacr,  Dec.  16, 1814. 
1  Bill  for      .       .       -       •         800/ ;>  British  Rovempient  bills  for  sak, 
1  ditto        .        .        -        •  250  C     by  CHAULB9  W.  GREEN, 

I  ditto 203  3  ^0.  14,  India  Wharf. 

____      /  ' 

1,253 
Let  the  reader  after  having  considered  tbe  ^bove  ostcntatioas  mode  oSxnk' 

o  o        *' 


pf   , 


9iO 


THEOUVEBBANCU. 


drawn  in  t^juibett  were  trantnUUed  far  §ah  to  yew  Fitrk, 
PhUaielpluf^,  ani  BaUimore,  and  diapoud  qf  to  monitd  meR* 
Ml  oueii  udvuntOMouo  temu  ao  induced  them  to  make  large 
purehaue.  And  tlitti  wai  absorbed  a  very  Urge  portioa  of 
the  cepital  of  ihoie  three  oitiei. 

TheM)  bllU  ivera  forwarded  Uirongh  trusty  persons  in 
Bouiou)  and  the  proceeds  being  placed  lo  their  Credit*  added 
imuii'nsely  to  the  oommand  the  Boston  banks  had  aequlrvd* 
bv  the  extent  of  the  pniuggling  trade*  over  those  in  the  mid- 
dle and  southern  states. 

Lot  us  hera  uialie  a  solemn  pause.  Let  us  strip  these 
Diets  of  the  thin  veil  thrown  over  them.  Let  us  consider 
them  in  all  their  naliedness,  in  all  their  deformitjr. 

5Iy  heart  siolcens  at  the  investigation.  1  turn  with  dis- 
gust, with  horror,  with  affVight.  Boston,  the  cradle  of  the 
revolution,  which  claims  so  high  a  degree  of  pre-eminenise 
for  her  **  molraiity  and  religion,"  after  having  failed  in  her 


iMglng  the  intercoune  with  the  enemy,  compur  the  ipirit  which  dictated 
iA  with  the  spirit  of  the  Ucvolulionkry  wur,  ui  displayed  in  the  fullowing  re< 
■olutwna  ifui  ordinances  taken  from  a  number  of  a  similar  diaraoter. 

5une  3, 1775.  "  HesoWcd  tliat  no  bill  of  exchange*  draft,  or  order,  of  any 
oiHcer  in  tlie  army  or  navj',  their  agents  or  contractore,  be  received  or  nego- 
ciated,  or  any  money  be  supplied  to  them  by  any  person  in  America."  ^Jtur- 
nala  of  Congre$».  V0I  /,  pugt  105. 

March  37, 17ttl.  **  It  u  hereby  ordained  that  the  citiaens  and  inhabitanti 
of  these  United  states  be,  and  tliey  are  strictly  eiyoined  and  required  to  ab- 
stain from  all  intercourse,  correspondence,  or  deahngs  whatsoever  with  the 
subjecu  of  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  while  at  open  war  with  these  United 
States,  IIS  they  $hoU  antwer  the  tmne  at  thtir  peril  And  the  executives  of  the 
several  states  are  hereby  called  upon  to  take  the  most  vigilant  and  effectual 
measures  for  detecting  such  intercourse,  correspondence,  or  dealings,  and 
bringing  the  authur*  there^,  «r  tktie  concerned  therein,  to  etindifn  ptmiStmmt." 
Idem,  Von,  page  to. 

June  31,  17b3.  "  Whereas  some  of  the  mhabitants  of  the  United  Statts 
prompted  either  by  a  sordid  attachment  to  gain,  or  by  a  secret  con^iiracy 
with  the  enemies  of  their  country,  are  wickedly  engaged  in  carrying  on  aa 
illicit  traffic  with  their  enemies,  whereby  a  market  it  provided  for  Britiik 
merchandise;  THE  CIRCULATING  SPECIB  IS  EXPORTED  FROM  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  the  payment  of  taxes  rendered  more  diiBoult  and  bun 
dcnsome  to  the  people  at  liu-ge  and  great  diacouragement  occasioDcd  to  hOf 
nest  and  lawful  commerce : 

**  Resolved,  that  it  be  and  hereby  is  recommended  to  the  legislatarM  of 
the  several  states,  to  adopt  the  most  efficacious  measures  for  suppreuing  all 
traffic  and  illicit  intercourie  bettaeen  their  reopective  eitixena  and  the  enemy. 

*<  Resolved  that  the  legislatures,  or,  in  their  racess,  the  executives  ot  the 
several  states,  be  earnestly  requested  to  impress,  by  eveiy  means  in  their 
power,  on  their  respective  citizens  at  large,  the  baneful  consequences  appre- 
hended by  congress  from  A  CONTINUANCE  OF  THIS  ILLICIT  AMD 
INFAMOUS  TRAFFIC,  and  the  necessity  of  their  cooperating  with  the  pub. 
lie  measures  by  such  uni'sd,  patriotic  und  vigilant  exertions,  as  will  detect 
and  bring  to  legal  puniohment  those  vlio  ahall  in  any  manner  AOv*  teen  concern- 
ed therein.    Idem,  page  301. 


THB  OUVE  BRANCH. 


Ml 


AidMToun  to  prtTeat  lira  lueeeii  of  the  loanit  (Iniwi  away 
thripeeto  from  r.hiB  midille  and  Mulhera  •Utei.^o  bankfup^ 
the  govtmmeiU,  remrdleit  of  llie  univerMl  ruin  li  which  it 
woald  iBTolve  iiMirMrlnlmtolyf  fHondt  of  wftr»fri«adi  of 
peM0--ifed«raliits-«-dbinocrttt»— young  and  old— men»  wo* 
moBf  and  ehildren!  Aiid»  to  aid  a  ieBper  dye  to  the  \ran»ae. 
Hoih  the  epecU  i§  trantnUttei  to  tanadth  and  enabUe  the 
memtf  to  deopateh  hi§  red  nUUe  to  noim  in  hlood  on  the  de- 
pnedeeefrontiero  ef  thiAr  won  eoimlry  /•  Tbii  is  the  worlr 
of  Iketion*  tlio  heavleit  teourge  thai  ever  iMued  from  Pao- 
dora'iboxfy 

The  oooMquenoei  of  theie  vile  operationi  are  itlll  levere- 
ly  felt.  Many  eitlmable  individnali  have  been  abtolutely 
rained.  Banli  paper  beeame  an  ol^eet  of  brokerage,  and 
was  told  at  various  ratei  from  three  to  ten  per  eent.  dii- 
oonnt.  A  general  stagnation  was  produoed.  The  lost 
fell  most  heavily  on  the  poor*  as  is  usual  in  all  suoh  oases. 
The  rich  were  enabled  to  make  most  extravagant  profits;  and 
many  of  them  were  literilly  proving  upon  the  middle  and 
poorer  elasses  of  society.  The  ciAtlre  proflts  of  business  were 
•wallowed  up  by  the  extravagant  discounts  paid  dh  bank  pa- 
per, a  ease  hitherto  unknown  in  this  jiart  of  the  country. 
And  thus*  in  a  season  of  distress  and  diflleutty*  the  embar- 
rassment of  the  oitiaens  were  doubled  or  trebled.  And  what 
is  the  most  daring  and  profligate  part  of  the  business,  the 
men  who 

«  Have  pla^^ed  ihuepronke  before  high  Heavrnt** 
were  impudent  enought  to  charge  the  whole  of  the  distress 
to  the  account  of  llie  administration ! 

«  The  offence  ie  ranfc— if  emella  to  Heaven.** 

To  render  the  affair  more  shocking,  more  gross,  more 
hideous,  those  .  who  perpetralod  this  wickedness,  hypo- 
critically refused  to  rejoice  in  the  victorFes  of  their  country 
—as  **  unbecoming  a  moral  and  religious  people ! ! !" 

There  is  no  country  in  the  world*  but  the  United  States^ 
wheroia  such  a  c.ime  could  be  perpetrated  with  impunity. 
Even  by  our  mildest  of  all  mild  conHtitutions,  it  is  treason, 
**  Treason  against  the  Uuited  States,  shall  consist  only  in 
<«  levying  war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  tlieir  enemies, 

*  Mr.  Lowell  has  Attempted  to  deny  the  existence  of  this  arrangement. 
But  it  stands  on  too  strong  ground  to  admit  of  being  disproved.  That  these 
bills,  to  an  immoderate  amount,  were  transmitted  from  Quebec  j  that  they 
were  drawn  for  the  support  of  the  armies  employed  in  hostilities  against  this 
country »  that  they  were  paid  for  in  specie,  devoted  to  the  support  of  those 
armies  (  are  tiicts  too  stubborn  to  be  set  aside.  I  hereby  publicly  dare  him 
or  any  other  person  in  the  union  to  disprove  any  of  them.  They  are  abun* 
dantly  sufficient  to  establish  the  iniquity  of  the  case. 


M' 


'A-Mi 


•It 


TH£  OLIVE  BRANCif. 


««  GlVmO  THEM  AID  AND  COMFORT.*'  If  luppfy. 
ingan  enemy  with  tpeoie  to  enable  him  to  earry  on  the  vrar 
•l^ntt  their  native  oonntry*  be  not  giving  him  «  oid  antf 
tmrfort,**  and  that  of  the  most  lubstantial  kind,  I  know  not 
whnt  are  <•  aid  and  com/ort." 

Every  man  eoncernea  in  the  buiineit  of  fumiihing  theie 
aids  to  the  enemy*  <•  ipsofaeto  a  ti>aitor'^hi$  b]/V  am  been 
fnfdtei,.  That  he  ha»  not  expiate4  his  orlme  by  payiw 
the  forfeit*  he  owes  to  the  ilt-requiteii  lenity  of  an  insulted 
government.  Every  person  vho  knew  of  the  eommission  of 
the  orime*  and  did  not  revedi  it,  was  guilty  of  misprision  of 
treason. 

Compare  this  ofTenee  with;  the  rebellion  in  Massachusetts 
under  Shays;  with  the  whiskey  insurreotiun*  in  the  neigh* 
bonrbood  of  Pittsburg;  or  with  that  of  the  poor,  deluded, 
ignorant  Fries!  Yon  may  as  well  compare  the  Andes  (o 
|9onntlPleasant! 

'  Ti^i>  erime  in  England  w6uld  snlgeot  the  perpetrator 
either  to  be  hung  and  gibbetted,  or  to  be  hung,  drawn,  and 
quartered.  In  the  former  case,  his  earease  would  be  ex- 
posed to  be  devoured  by  olisoene  birds  of  prey*  In  the  lat- 
ter,  his  head  would  be  elevated  as  an  ornament  on  the  tower 
of  fiondon*  to  deter  other  traitotfrfrom  the  ^rpetration  of 
•imilar  erimes. 

Iict  nsonee  more,  though  the  sight  turn  us  aghast,  ex- 
amine this  hideous  rioene-*whieh  sinks  the  perpetrators  and 
connivers  into  the  lowest  abyss  of  infamy. 

Men  in  the  "  moral  and  reUgious**  town  of  Boston  are 
Q^obUged  to  lend  their  money  to  their  own  government  by 
ttealth.  But  in  the  face  of  day,  witiiin  the  knowledge  of  a 
whole  eommunity,  QJ^  th«y  send  spede  to  the  common  sMtemy 
to  iupport  him  agmiut  their  own  country!  Can  human  na- 
ture sink  lower?  They  are  Qj^**.too  moral  and  too  nil- 
fdoua**  to  rejoice  at  the  victories  of  their  fellow-eitiziens-^ut 
il^thsy  are  ndtlusr  **  too  moral  nor  too  religiotu**  to  aid  the 
tnmy  to  victory/  An  age  of  penitence  in  sackcloth  und 
ashes  would  not  cflTaoe  this  foul  blot  from  the  escutcheon  of 
Boston, 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  add  a  shade  to  the  enormity  of  (Iiia 
erime.  But  one  circumstance  greatly  enhances  its  atrocity. 
It  was  perpetrated  while  neeociations  for  peace  were  pend- 
ing* the  success  whereof  it  nad  so  direct  a  tendency  lo  de- 
feat, by  placing  the  British  in  a  situation  (o  rise  in  their 
demands;  although  the  guilty  persons  professed  to  bcluus 
tQ  tha  ♦•  pence  party,*' 


THE  OIIVE  BRANCB. 


Bit 


CHAPTEH  UV« 

Svi^  eoiUinued.   BrUf  Statement  qf  Facte, 


,f 


Tub  immeme  magnitude  of  the  tabjeot  of  the  oOiuplrMir^' 
•toted  in  the  preeedhig  oh«pteri>  indnoei  me  to  dwell  k  IHtw 
longer  on  It.  And  aiT  mav  hnT«  been  led  astray  b^  the  in- 
fttuation  and  delation  whleh  il  felt  by  almoit  eyery  hmb 
who  form  an  hypfothetiif  I  ihaU  therefore  state  anew  the 
naked  feots  of  the  eaie»  nnaeoompanfod  by  my  oommentt. 
Let  the  reader  duly  weigh  the  eYidenoe»  and  acquit  or  eoi* 
demn  the  aeonied  town*  at  he  mav  judge  proper.  ^ 

I.  Engagements  were  entered  into  in  Boston  by  indltida* 
als»  pledging  themselves  not  to  sabsoribe  to  the  government 
loans. 

il.  When  some  of  them  afterwards  did  sfibseribe*  they 
found  it  necessary  to  do  it  **  eeerellv,**  to  avoid  the  oAnm 
and  the  perseeution  exeited  against  all  who  lent  their  mon^ 
to  the  government. 

III.  The  utmost  Iniluenoe  of  that  powerful  instrumenC> 
(he  press,  and  likewise  of  the  pulpit»  was  employed  to  dis- 
courage and  denonnee  subsoribers  to  the  loans.  They  were 
prosonbed  as  **  infamoue***  in  the  publie  papers  most  exten- 
sively patronised ;  and  deolaredt  in  those  papers,  and  from 
the  pulpit,  to  be  absolute  **  murderete.** 

lY.  During  the  winter,  when  the  roads  were  in  wretehed 
order,  and  when  carriage  was  of  course  from  %0  to  <0  per 
cent,  dearer  than  the  common  freight,  Qj^the  Boeten  banke 
made  immoieratet  eontinued,  appressivef  unpreeedentedt  and 
hostile  draftefor  eneeie  on  the  JiTew  Vork  6anfc8.«p} 

y.  At  this  period  the  former  banks  had  in  their  vaults  an 
unparalleled  quantity  of  specie— one  hundred  and  Jlfty  per 
cant,  more  than  tluir  notes  in  eireulatiim* 

YI.  These  drafts  were  continued  through  (he  spring  and 
rammer,  and  obliged  the  banks  in  the  middle  and  southern 
states  so  far  to  curtail  their  accommodations,  as  to  bring 
(he  commercial  world  to  the  verge  of  bankruptcy.  Large 
and  ruinous  bankruptcies  did  take  place :  twenty  and  iq^ 
wartlg  occurred  in  Mew  York  in  one  day. 

YII.  These  drafts  were  carried  to  such  a  great  extent* 
(hat  on  the  26th  of  August  the  banks  in  Baltiinore — on  the 
29(h  those  in  Philadelphia— and  on  the  31st  those  in  New 
York,  were  reduced  to  the  painful  necessity  of  suspending 
(he  payment  of  specie. 

YIII.  Contemporaneously  with  (hese  immoderate  drafts^ 
a  very  large  amount  of  bills  drawn  by  the  government  of 


Al   J  i 


'  J  - '«! 


ill 


t^r  J  I 


i*^-"-,!! 


V   V 


•  t'l' 


.ii'li 


m 


THE  OUVE  nUNOKi 


^ 


liower  Canwlt,  were«  through  the  mediam  of  agenti  in 
Boiton*  dittrihuted  ia  New  xtfrk)  JPhiladelphia*  and  Bal- 
timore. 

lit.  These  bills  prodigiously  increased  the  balances 
•giltttt  the  southern  banlcs»  and  the  power  of  drawing  pos> 
■iMed  by  diose  in  Boston. 

.  X..  Tht  9pfM  receveeifor  these  Wiafrom  JWio  Tork,  tda« 
firwiriedto  the  ttgeiUt  ^  tlu  gowrnmmtq^^ 

■.%Ji,  When  snbsoriptions  for  loans  were  opened*  large 
quantities  of  public  stock  were  sent  from  BostoOi  to  tBci 
markets  In  New  York»  and  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore» 
•ad  sdld  at  reduced  rates,  to  tempt  the  monied  people  to 
inve'it'lhtir  money  therein*  and  thus  to  impede  the  success 
of  the  pending  loans. 

I  Bubaiit  al^  these  strong  fluets  to  the  reader*  Let  him 
examine  tiiemv  and  decide  for  himself.  If  ho  be  an  upriglit» 
candid)  l^ooouroble  man-4f  he  have  a  spark  of  public  spirit 
inkis  oomposition— 4f  he  have  not  renounced  all  pretensions 
toihe  niune  of  a  Washingtonian-- he  will  pronounce  sen- 
tence of  ipfamy  against  this  transaction*  all  its  agents*  its 
ciminaries*  its  accomplices*  und  against  all  who  connived  at 
it^  If  this  be  **  federalism  of  the  Boston  stamp**'  I  trust  the 
liigh-mindcd  and  honest  federalists  of  the  middle  and  south- 
em  states*  will  renounce  the  odious  connexion*  and  dis- 
cern all  participation  in  such  nefkrious*  such  treasonable 
praetices. 

Mr.  Oakley*  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of' 
the  United  States*  in  a  violent  and  declamatory  speech*  al- 
logod  tlie  strongest  charges  of  gross  mismanagement  and 
iaeapaeity  a^^iisit  the  auministration,  for  disadvantageouit 
eontraots  made  for  some  of  tlie  loans*  whereby  millions  of 
dollars  were  lost  to  the  nation.  All  tliese  losses  and  disad- 
yantMOS  are  fairly  chargeable  to  tliis  oonspiraey. 
'  Alow  ambitious  demagogues  in  Boston  have  been  tlie 
guide  of  federalists  throughout  the  union.  They  have  led 
them  a  devious  course  from  the  paths  prescribed  by  Wash- 
ington. They  have  allured  them  to  the  brink  of  insnrreo- 
tion*  rebellion*  civil  war*  and  horrible  devastation,  wbieh 
are  all  synonimuus  with  a  dissolution  of  the  union.  Whether 
the  latter  will  liave  magnanimity  and  fortitude  enough  to 
regain  the  h(mourable  paths  from  which  they  have  been 
seduced,  remains  to  be  seen.  Their  contemporaneous 
fame— their  chunicter  with  posterity — their  peaee,  their 
happiness*  their  prosperity— the  fate  of  their  wives  and 
children— the  destiny  of  their  country — the  question  wheth- 
er  we  shall  be  united  as  a  band  of  brothorsi  or  involved  id 


TBE  OUVS  BRikNCIb 


civil  war*  MlUh  its  train  of  horrort-^are  all  at  i take.  Ths 
stake  is  iinmeoM.  Pray  Htavea  M>ey  may  form  a  Jait  ap^ 
enligktenefl  deeiiioD. 


CHAPTER  liV. 


ij 


v'l 


JtfoMacbiisdts  eofivpar«d  KnYh  TenfuaMe,  The  bUnd  lentf^ 
iftf  the  Mind.  Proflta  cf  trade  Jlfty  fer  emUi  Bead 
to  Buin,  <* 

Nkveb  did  faction  more  oompletely  degrade  and  iin|i 
a  people*  than  she  has  done  in  Massaehusetts.  That  odoo 
high-minded  state  was  attacked  by  the  British  with  ja 
small  foree.  They  were  allowed*  without  an  effort*  to 
dismember  it.  They  established  a  regular  government 
in  their  conquestji.  As  no  effort  was  maue  by  tlpit 
state*  whose  population  amounts  to  above  700*000 ikve, peo- 
ple* to  prevent  the  eonquest*  so  none  was  made  to  expel  the 
enemy.  Enslaved  by  fuotion,  she  whined*  and  seolded*  and 
murmured*  and  wineed*  and  threatened*  and  eursed  the  ad- 
ministration for  not  defending  her*  although  she  had  made 
every  possible  exertion  to  enfeeble  the  government*  and 
render  It  incapable  of  defence. 

To  sum  up  tlie  whole.  Massachusetts  was  energetic* 
firm*  bold,  daring*  and  decisive  in  aeontest  with  the  general 
government.  She  would  not  abate  an  inch.  She  dared  it 
to  a  conflict.  She  seized  it  by  the  throat*  determined  to 
strangle  it !  She  was  untameable  as  a  lion,  or  a  tiger*  or  m: 
panther.  But  she  was  long-.sufl!bring»  and  mild*  ana  patient* 
and  harmless*  and  inoffensive*  and  gentle*  ami  meek*  as  a 
lamb*  or  a  turtle-dove*  when  she  ,came  in  coi^laot  with  the 
enemy! 

There  is  spme  mystery  hangs  about  this  affair*  whieh 
time  alone  can  develope.  That  the  British  should  attaek 
Massachusetts*  where  they  have  so  many  friends*  and  spare 
Psnnsylvania*  where  the  great  mf^ority  are  hostile  to  them* 
is  so  contrary  to  all  the  rules  of  true  policy*  as  to  be  almost 
inexplicable.  I  dare  not  trust  myself  to  hazard  a  conjec- 
ture on  the  subject.  The  tame  acquiescence  of  sueh  a  pow- 
erful state*  in  so  degrading  a  situation*  must  have, some 
extraordinary  motive.  None  occurs  to  my  mind  that  I 
would  choose  to  commit  to  paper. 

But,  mark  the  contrast !— what  a  contrast!  Tennessee* 
with  a  large  territory  of  4)3,000  square  miles— «  white  pt^u- 
hition  of  only  Si7,7%7*  and  a  black  one  of  44,6S$,  to  guard 
against*  is  assaHcd  by  the  most  powerful  coml^ation  of 


!■  >■ 


1K»'     ■('■■.'5''  5;    1 


ItM';';, 
■  l-^-l 


'  wm 


II 


^ 


ISE  OLIV£  BSANCH. 


ladiAiB*  ftttd  i&oM  of  the  braveit  oharaoter»  that  ever  6;k- 
iftod  siaoe  the  flrtt  sottlemeot  of  this  country.  She  ntU 
ther  winced— 4ior  whined— nor  euraed  the  goTernment— nor 
dihink  from  danger— noE*  threatened  a  separation.  She 
•rose  in  her  strengtii.  She  girded  on  her  armour.  She 
eaUed  her  sons  from  the  counter  and  the  plough— from  the 
anvil  and  the  loom— from  the  beneh  and  the  bar^— from  the 
•enate  house  and  the  eounoil  chamber— and  with«  very 
■mall  degree  of  assista6ee  from  Georgia»  she  vanquished 
the  hardy  warriors  whom  a  false  reliance  on  British  aid  had 
^ured  to  their  ruin.  Every  successive  eflfbrt  on  the  part 
Of  the  deluded  assailaats  ^as  equally  pregnant  with  de* 
function.  Oompletdy  vanquished,  they  bent  their  necks 
to  the  yoke.  They  enr^d  that  seduction  which  tempted 
tiiem  from  easct  and  comfort,  and  happiness ;  and  on  the 
fbrehead  of  their  nation  imprinted  the  broad  seal  of  per- 
dition 

Since  the  above  was  written*,  Tennessee  hiis  earned  ten- 
fold fame  by  the  heroism  and  publie  spirit  her  hardy  sons 
iMve  dimlayed  at  New  Orltons»  where  they  acquired  not 
merely  for  themselves— 4ind  their  own  state— but  for  the 
entire  nation,  a  wreath  of  imperishable  glory.  In  this  grand 
aohievement  Kentucky  partook  largely.  Both  these  noble 
states  poured  forth  their  sons  by  thousands*  some  of  tliein 
from  a  distance  of  nearly  eight  hundred  iiiiles»  to  repel  the 
invaders  of  their  native  country.  With  what  ciTeol  they 
peHTorraed  this  patriotic  service,  histoid  will  convey  to  pos- 
terity, countless  ag*^s  hence.  It  will  be  a  subject  of  lauda- 
Ue  pride  to  belong  to  a  nation*  whose  lawyers,  and  doctors 
—whose  farmers  and  shopkeepers— whose  clerks  and  me- 
chanies,  hastily  collected  together,  signally  defeated  an  ar- 
my of  Veterans,  as  formidable  as  any  equal  numlier  ever  ar- 
rayed in  arms.  '^" 

The  genius  of  Columbia  hides  her  faOe  with  shame,  and 
sorrow,  and  anguish,  when  she  regards  the  ancient  state  of 
Massachusetts,  degenerated  from,  and  a  disgrace  to,  her 
hardy  ancestors.  But  she  looks  down  with  pride,  and  plea- 
sure, and  exultation,  on  the  youthful,  high-spirited,  patriotie, 
and  heroic  Tennessee  ar.d  Georgia. 

It  is  hardly  possible  to  find  a  stronger  contrast — more 
dbgraeeful  on  the  one  side— more  honourable  on  the  other. 

'  This  bUnd  leading  tlie  blind. 

There  is  no  man  whose  zeal  in  inflaming  the  publie  mind, 

has  equalled  that  of  the  writer  of  the  H^ad  to  Ruin.    He 

has  published  as  many  diflTerent  8'3ts  of  papers  to  excite  the 

abhorrence  and  detestation  of  the  eastern  states  against  the 


Td£  OUVE  BRANCH 


Ut 


iiIniiBistraUoiif  at  would  All  two  or  three  Uufe  toliUBei. 
He  ii»  ia  politiest  as  venr  an  enrag^  ai  ever  Uted.  Bo  tio- 
lent  are  hitpauionson  thli  topio;.  that  thcgr  lead  him  eternaL' 
jy  astray.  He  eommits  himself  by  the  mest  extravagant 
positions,  which  nothing  but  the  epideniioal  madneis  ortlw 
timet  would  have  ever  suffered  to  escape  the  keene|it  rid|- 
eule. 

In  *<the  Road  to  Rnin>"  he  most  pathetically  deplures  the 
destruotion  of  oommerce»  and, the  introduction  of  mianttOie- 
(urcsi  both  of  which  he  regards  as  equal  subjects  of  lanieii- 
tation.  And  to  make  the  stronger  appeal  to  the  passions  of 
his  readers— to  enhance  the  misfortune  of  the  loss  of  eom- 
meree— he  very  gravely  stales  its  profits  at  *OV/l(y  per 
emtUJ**  It  is  even  so,  reader.  **  Fifty  fir  eenVfr'  It  is 
hard  to  conceive  a  higher  grade  of  extravagance  and  folly* 
The  average  profits  of  successful  commerce  are  not  twelv^ 
per  cent.  And  if  the  whole  of  the  commercial  6a|dtal  em- 
ployed in  this  counti;v,  during  the  last  twenty  years,  be 
taken  into  view,  including  that  of  the  merchants  who  have 
lieeome  bankrupts,  it  is  probable  that  the  profits  do  not  ex- 
ceed eight  per  cent.  The  fiUlures  among  that  oliUs  are 
very  numerous,  and  out  of  all  pronoi>tioii  greater  than 
among  any  other.  Of  the  merchants  in  New  York  and  PhU 
ladelphia  who  were  in  eminence  ten  yelM's  ago,  I  think  I  am 
vfarranted  in  saying,  tiiat  nearly  two-thirds  have  been  utter- 
ly ruined.  It  is  well  known*  that  the  West  India  trade  has 
been  almost  always  a  losing  one.  In  fact,  of  the  few  for- 
tunate merchants  who  escape  ship- wreck,  it  may  be  llurii: 

•»*'*»  .  '         ■ '  '  '  X 

'*  •Apparent  mri  nantes  in  gurgile  voafo." 
This  writer  is  either  a  deeeiver— or  he  has  deceived  him- 
self. In  either  ease  he  is  **a  blind  leader  of  the  blind:** 
And  it  can  never  be  sufficiently  de|dored,  that  a  man  in  this 
situation  should  hav^  had  so  vei^  pernicious  anlnfluenoe  on 
the  dut^iUea  of  eight  vdlUonB  of  ft^flt  and  their  posterity. 
He  has  chosen  a  most  felicitous  title---"  The  Boad  to  JBuin" 
--aflid  verily  he  has  so  long  been  leading  his  deluded  follow- 
ers on  **the  road  to  ruin,**  that  he  has  brought  them  to  the 
very  vei^  of  the  preeipiee. 

Lest  the  reader  should  suppose  I  have  done  hii^i  injustice, 
I  submit  his  own  words.  If  I  have  tortured  his  meaning, 
on  my  head  be  all  the  censure  I  have  so  freely  bestowed 
upon  him — 

"  We  take  from  trade  a  capital  which  produced  FIFTY  PER  CENT, 
and  we  invett  it  iu  manfacturei,  PRECARIOUS  IN  THEIR  MATUUI';, 
which  may  never  produce  twenty,  and  whieh  may  prove  our  ruin."* 

*  See  in  tlie  Ejuminer,  vol.  i,  page  141,  the  Road  to  Buin,  No.  Y1|I, 


fl-Wi 


■I      S.i      I 


318 


T^E  OLITB  BRANCH. 


'  'i'hii  sliort  pliragraph  is  as  faltflcibus  ai  aiij^jeqiial  number 
of  lines  ever  published.  Every  position  it  lays  down  is  de- 
ceptious.  Wnen  tlie  writec  bthpnatieally  states,  that  manu- 
factures are  **preeariou$  in theirnature," lie  nAist mean,  by 
way  of  oontrttdistincdon,  tliat  eommcroe  is  blest  witli  absolute 
security.  Botli  At«  arrant  ei  -^rs.  Commence  is  proverbi- 
ally insecure.  No  de^eo  of  k  *idence  affords  full  security 
in  iliat  department.  Manuraciures,  prudently  mitinaeed, 
Iiave  as  mueU  certainty  ai  any  other  human  undertakings 
whatever*  ' 

One  word  more,  ll^hat  dependence  can  be  placed  upon 
the  assertions,  the  insinuations,  the  allegations,  on  subjects 
abstruse  or  dlfBcult  to  decide  iipon,  of  9  man  who  makes 
such  an  egregibns,  such  1^  mojientous  error  in  a  case  where. 
diBtection  treads  so  closely  on  his  heels?* 


CHAPTER  LVI. 


,{ . 


lilies,  i^rMituHon hftheaaeredfuniiliona,  JttaS' 
were  on  hoard  the  Ocean*  »Sn  a.nthologu  of  sedition. 
Success  of  the  xoo^:''^'^:  ^•  r;-'^^^  :t'  ^l  ^^" ,  °;-:^-  -; 

.**  Politics  and  the  pulpit  are  tenns  that  have  little  Agreement.  OC^JVo 
wUmi  9ught  to  be  heard  in  thkcAnrek  but -the  veiee  of  healing,  eharity.**  [What 
a  divine  idea!],  "The  cause  of  civil  liberty  and  cifil  government  gains  as 
little  a»  that  of  religion»-by  this  confusion  of  dutieSi  Those  who  quit  their 
proper  character,  to  assiime  what  does  not  belong  to  them,  are,  for  the 
gveater  part,  ignorant  both:  of  the  character  they  leave,  and  df  the  character 
tfiey  assume'.  '  Wholly  unaccjuairtted  with  the  world,  in  which  they  are  so 
Ibnd  of  nutdling,  andjnexperienced  in  all  its  affurs,  on  which  they  pronounce 
with  80  much  conficlenee  th$y.k|iow  nothing  of  politics  but  tiie  passions  they 
excite,  (j^*  Surely  the  church  it  a  place  where  one  day*s  truce  ought  to  be  aUn»» 
ed  to  the  diatentieiu  and  animoHtiei  of  mankind.**    durke. 

^  0,v  all  the  abominations  that  disgrace  and  dishonour 
this,  country  in  these  portentous  times,  I  know  nothing 
more  deserving  of  reprpiliation  than  the  prostitution  of  the 
pulpit  for  party  or  political  purposes.  No  man  of  correct 
mind  can  serio^sly  reject  upon  it  without  shuddering  with 
borror.  .^ 

A  clergyman,  whose  functions  pre-eminently  require  him 
to  preach  **peace  and  good  vnlt  among  n^n,**  ascends  the 
pulpit  among  a  congregation  assembled  to  unite  in  praising 
and  adoring  their  Onnipotent  Creator.  He  hol^  in  his 
hands  the  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ,  tont^  breathes  nothing 

*'I  here  moke  a  public  apology  for  having  erroneously  ascribed  these  se-. 
ditious  and  tnflamatory  publicutions  to  the  late  amiable  judge  Lowell.  Mv 
distance  from  the  place  of  their  publication  will,  I  trust,  apologize,  «<:  wcQ 
as  account  for  the  error.   * 


hut  iteace— lie  proiunum»t  and  haafor  a  text,  the  io«r4«  of 
JtvuB  Christ,  or  qf  hirapoillee,  <lf  the  mont  paeyic  (endency ; 
and,  tut  a $uUabUawomjfaMivmi^ttor  an  hoiir  long  he  employs 
all  hit  zeait  all  hit  talenti»,  (ftll  his  Mmneev  for  ihiD  tnti^ 
ehrUUan»  the  inhumiu^  pnrtKtk^  of  en^ndling  dmong  hU 
kearert  the  mott  haltfvl,  the  inoetfweioua  pataiono-Y^t^e- 
faring  them  for  insiiurectiqn  ana  reToluiion-~for  aU  tnehor.'. 

"  The  alternative  then  is,  that  if  you  do  not  «riih  to.  become  the  alavea  oC 
fiioM  wiio  own  slaTes,  and  who  arethfemselvcs  the  slave*  of  French  sUves, 
you  must  either  in  the  Unguage  of  the  day,  QC^CUT  THE  CONNEXION, 
or  so  far  alter  the  hational  compiact,  «■  to  insure  yourselves  a  due  ■tare  in 
the  government.*^  ''  .         ^,,i»'-',-i:v '•  ■■■i.^^^if- "^ 

This  elegant  and  sublime  morceaQf  vhieh  breathes  so 
mueh  of  the  spirit  of  St.  Padlf  **Ut  every  foul  be  eu^'eet  to 
the  higher  powers,**  is  taken  fVom  a  sermon  preached  in 
Boston,  by  the  Rev.'  Mr.  Gardiner*  July  2a,  1813.  The 
ekristian  injunetion  of  (j!3*'*cttttin|f  the  connejdon,"  that  is, 
(P*re6elh'iig  agamat  their  own  government,  wUnderfnlly  ao- 
eords  with  the  declaration  of  the  text,  which,  gentle  reader, 
i»— (J^"I  am  for  peace,**  Psalm  120,  v.  7.  Never  was 
there  a  more  wonderful  association— (^J*«  Cut  the  con- 
nexion**— and  ^tf** lam  for  peace!**  From  snch  apostlps 
of  peace,  good  Lord  deliver  us! 

It  is  impossible  much  to  a^ravate  the  hideousness  of  this 
procedure.  But  when  the  preacher  commits  himself  by 
falsehood,  even  undesignedly^  as  sometimes  happens,  it  caps 
^e  odiOUS  climax.  On  the  eve  of  a  general  election  a  few 
years  since  in  Massachusetts,  to  auHWcr  the  purposes  of 
party,  a  fabulous  story  was  circulated,  that  the  French  had 
massacred  the  crew  of  a  vessel  called  the  Ocean.  It  was 
one  of  the  thousand  falsehoods  invented  to  answer  momen- 
tary purposes  of  the  same  icind.  A  clergyman,  whose  name 
1  spare,  seized  the  story  with  avidity — wove  it  into  his  ser- 
mon— and  invoked  the  vengeance  of  heaven  on  the  murder- 
ers. But  mark  the  end  of  it.  The  holy  zeal  of  the  auditory 
had  not  time  to  cool,  when,  to  cover  the  preacher  with  con- 
fusion, a  resun'oction  of  the  murdered  crow  took  place. 
They  returned  home,  safe  and  sound,  from  the  stilettos  and 
daggers  of  the  blood-thirsty  French—and  held  out  a  strong 
memento  to  the  preaolier  against  a  repetition  of  such  an 
anti-christian  procedure. 

The  practice  of  preaching  political  sermons  is  utterly 
improper,  even  wlieu  a  eongregalion  are  all  united— all  of 
one  sentiment,  if  such  a  case  ever  occurred.  But  when 
they  are  divided,  an  must  necessarily  almost  always  happen, 
what  a  vif^w  does  it  present?  That  portion  of  the  congrega- 
tion d!fl't;riag  IVotn  the  polilivs  of  the  preacher,  are  rediico<l 


^'H  H. 


'■'i; 


I  •■  fill 
\m.  mm  ^i 


tt<h»ianwiaaf»  of  dtk«r  ■bMKtWi^pi^.iiiifMlWmi  dlvlM 
irankljPff »  •Ktiag  patieiiClsr  vUmI  mwr  Um  vndeMnrwl  f«. 
BMibkei,  aM  abaMt  Md  maladlttleiM  ef  •  mMi  who  flin  !■ 
il^  |W^  "ttf  fell  ill  datfef,  feikd  io  mhmi  thlj  efemMt  «Ar  a 


':i«|ftle  the  Nfeder  to  IWrm  a  eorroetofUnmto  of  the 
il»aliiiiMtkMi  wlileh  1  have  he\  edentimeed,  and  oftbeJaitlM 
of  the  denQBoiation  itself;  I  ^Mient  him  with  an  luithelecjr» 
•eli^M  A^  the  leraioH  of  thMe  elergymeQ,  the  1^. 
i^ipn.  mi(di|  Otgoed,  and  GanUner*  to  whom  no  imtll 
porthm  of  the  eeedi  of  intaireetioaff  reheHioB»  and  eWH  war» 
•0  plentlfbUy  town  in  the  eastern  itatei*  it  Justly  ohargeable. 
NevoTt  sinee  the  first.estaMiishnlent  of  the  elerieal  AipM|;ioBs» 
wef0  thev  more  miserably  employed— more  eontrary  to  the 
^viao  UgnnetioQs  of  the  meek  and  mild  J[esus»  whose  il)wi- 
flet  these  reverend  gentlemen  nrolbst  to  be-«-whose  doo- 
trines  they  proftss  to  t«Mh— and  whose  e^anq^le  tliey  pro- 
fbss  to  followy  and  to  hold  out  for  imitation. 

From  the  Mev,  J.  8,  J,  OariUa^,  A,  M.  reetor  qf  Triiiiljf 

Chureht  Boatfm, 

**  Th«  British,  after  all,  save  lor  lu  by  their  convoya,  infinitely  more.pm* 
pert;  than  they  deprive  ua  of.  (£>  WHERE  THKY  TAKE  G^E  SHIP, 
THEY  PKOTEQT  TWENTY.  Where  they  commH  one  outf age,  thqr  d» 
manyaqUofkindneaa.''   JH$e9urM  delivered  Jpril9tlBl3tJf^fi  IS. 

**  England  ia  willing  to  aact48{ce  every  thing  to  condttate  us,  except  ber 
hoiMNir  and  rodependeiice.**    Idea,  page  10.,  '  ^  > 

*'  It  ia  ti  war  (f^  tmexaiHpkd  in  the  Matery  •/  the  •merU/  Q^  wantonly  pfO* 
clamed  on  the  0^  meet  fHmtmu  and  greimdlM*  freteHeet,'  against  a  nation 
from  whose  friendship  we  might  derive  themost.signal  advant^s,  and  from 
whose  hostility  we  have  reason  to  dread  the  most  treittendous  Msses.**  IKt- 
cenrss  dMivererf /ii^fia,  1812,  page  3. 

<*  So  finr  from  there  being  British  partisans  in  this  eountiy,  it  is  diffieuft 
to  find  an  individual  candid  enough  to  do<thatnatiflii  coQunon  justiiBe.^,  Idem, 
page  10.  ■■..iv<:-j;' ^^i/;  ■■■;  ,y-f)  ■'■l~-  •  ,^-,  ■  '■••"  f^'>*''.l^'>^;,V?^^\''  ' 

*'  (Hj'JSverg  preveeatien  hnt  beeHeJfkred  te  tireat  Britain  m  MirjWtr/,  and 
(Ct*¥^  retentmeta  hoi  riten  ihfroportien  a$  the  hatehetmn  a  tonciUatin^  tpirU!' 
Idem,  page  13. 

'*  What  consequence  is  it  to  you  if  they  be  repealed  or  not,  (^  ym  are  mM 
to  JWi/Mwff,  (0'aM^u  have  reaton  to  ielfeve,  bg  the  times  who  have  abuitd 
ifour  eei^denee.'.'^    Idem,  page  11. 

"*  I^tjM/  conaiderationa  whatever,  my  brethren,  deter  you  at  all  times,  and 
in  sU  places,  from  execrating  the  present  war.  U  is  a  war  unjust^  foolish, 
and  ruinous.  It  is  unjust,  liecause  (]::}>  GHBAT  BBITAIN  HAS  UFPKKED 
US  EVEBY  CONCESSION  SUOUT  OF  WHAT  SHE  CONCEIVES 
WOULD  BE  HEB  BUIN."    Idem,  page  15. 

*<  As  Mr.  Madison  has  declared  war,  let  Mr.  Madison  carry  it  on.  Idem, 
pegeir. 

•«  THE  U^OW  HAS  BEEN  |/)NG  SINCE  VIRTUALLY  DISSOLVED: 
AND  IT  18  FULL  Tl.ME  THAT  THIS  PART  6p  THE  DISUNITED 
BTATES  SHOULD  TAKE  CARE  OP  ITSELF?'    Idem,  page  19. 


TimmmmiuuMm.  m 

m  net.  DtnU  OmotM^B,  JDI.  fiUM'^y IkfdiNipMI  m 


« ttn^  tt^ig  piepoiMMiqi^  oTio  grMi «  pf«iMMiP»^«*  MM  oMapM 
ttiflivoar  ofa  noe  ofdnMiM,  uA  agMMt  ■  wailwi ^mttit^lgUitt  9tmt» 

1^  <iW/)w  V"  f'^  t^i^  wring  m  Mid  wtth  ft^gvl^W  ud  lU  i^ 
amdkMikn  «n4  tomr  oltlMliidlfVMBto  of  iMminittponiljUi  mAu  ModJi.** 
|£(M(rf«  *tfwiwrU^Vmp^pitfa40i(  .      '^.' 

'  "ly  at  the  ooiBiMn4  of  Wc  qc  iriblttd  f^^ 

«ar,  flaehnMNi  who  vbluMMnhif  MnrteM  bi  iMuh  iMnii,  otloaQihii«Aii 

flMr  its  lupport,  or  bv  hie  eonvemtlblv  nttl  Writhfii,  tkuij^  MJil^teads  of  i 

(hMBOi,  <MkwnffwWp«leQ«Ual^  tipt  ■«  toartMW^ 

MM,  (TVUMfdo  IMS  coiMDicMis  With  thsi  VMim  oriMMtfff^JMhiM  tho  gait 

ofUpod  upop  his  soul,  ind (C^ IN  TBC  SlOliT  OP^OS A^nRHV  LAIi; 

»  A  MUtODBBBR.'*    ik<»MM;MdMHi«tW /mit  ST.  Wa>  'p^ftVl..  ^ 

M  Since  the  period  of  their  pMtemled  repesl,  SCOBli^  Ir  |ldf  ^OV* 
DREIIS  of  our  vcsmIi  had  boen  seiaed  ia  Fteneh  pinrtst'or  DlJ|rM  M  sea  iw 
FMiieh  cnisers,  while  manj  of  their  «iio<ftndiiif  erews  wei*  OE^eHMeW 
Ut  sAme.  e»t^4  in  IVMidk  priniut  trjkrafil  9h  ImtJ /VwimA  tUjfm  IbJ^ 
tt§dm*  BngUmdf*   ldein,pafp)ll. 

**Our  government,  with  ahard'hood  and  e^jitonteiy  Op^oi  liMek  dtoesM 
«(fA<  Mm  MwM*  persisted  fas  UMrtl^th»r«fed.^4|>idf        .  '. 

•*  Bity  mind  has  been  in  a  eonstan*  i^gfoy^  9o^>o  mn^  et  theJMNtitable 
\m$  ofour  temporal  prosperity  and  hai>pinei<  and  the  oompllcated  aUlS^ 
of  irar,  ai  at  iu  guilt,  Its  otitrage  agafaMt  lieaveh,  <|f«Mt)r  Mimik,  ktimtt, 
juttie«t  gtdnen-^gaiHtt  att  the  prim^t  ^  aattal  hi^fkutr  iMli 
page  12.    „  ■ 

**  Were  not  the  authors  of  this  war  in  character  nearly  aUn  to  the  deisle 
tnd  athf^ete  of  Frencei  were  th^  not  men  of  (O'h/omkiimi.Mfkt  amrmi 
CMMfoicw,  reprobate  miiubt  and  duperate  w^Jta^mm^  it  seems  ottamr  inoaii* 
eelTable  tiMtt  thej  should  have  made  the  decUra^,*'    Ue^i^  pjige,  t^.-    , 

"One  hope  only  remains,  that  Uiislatt  stRvkeof  perfidyiRMqr  open  theagMM 
oF  a beaotteu  peoples  that  they  may  aw4he,  like  a  gianjt  tftim  hisalumbers, 
awl  WR£AR  TUllB  VEN6EANCB0N  l«£|Il  BBTBAYBRS,  by  driviw 
them  from  their  stations,  and  placing  at  the  helm  moMihttf aland  bithmi 
hsn^i,^   Iclem,pagel7' >      ^    .  ''s#:-;^'^i«,'i',-',. *>>-••     -    t-  • 

"  ^,  at  the  pretent  mMMiU,  na  tjfmptenu  ^f  isitU'  war  ^Mmar,  (jy  iheg  «er»  ' 
taMjfviU  «Mtt->iini(»«f  the  .cwrage  ^  the  war  'partjf  thivld  jaU  lA«^///*' 
Idem,  page  .14.* 

"  ^  ct.M  war  beeemee  ae  certain  at  the  evenle  that  hi^pen  ateerdinf  M  ike 
known  lam  and  establithed  eeune  of  nature  !!f^    Idem,  page  15.* 

Jfrtm  tht  fieo.  £I(/ah  Parif h#  D.  D. 

"  The  Taraelites  becanie  weaiy  pfyielding  the  fhiit  of  their  Ubotir  to  pam- 
per their  splendid  tyrant!^.  They  left  their  political  woes.  TFIEY  SBPABA- 
TGD.  a3*WHl^RE  Id  OURMOSB8!!!  Where  it  the  red  ^Utmiraelee/f/ 
Whm^ii  our  Jlarin!//  Alasl  QCJrnovoicefrom  the  burning  bush  has  direel^ 
ed  them  here.**    Ditcewte  delivered  at  Bufield,  Jpril  7,  t^li,pat^tB. 

"  There  it  a  point-^here  it  an  hour-^tegond  which  ysu  wilt  not  hear ! ! !  !^ 
Idem,  page  13. 
"  dueh  is  the  temper  of  American  republicans,  so  called.    .9  new  lat^guage 

-  *  These  sentences  arcAlready  quoted  in  a  former  part  of  this  book.  (Th^ 
are  nevertheless  repeated  here,  as  peeuliurlr  appropriate. 


m  oun  mBjamn, 


«fll«wlMlM<lf  iii««ded,irimldbe  oWfedtodafiuMlhemli:  Do  jwn 
iM>|llMi«««ltt9feiiroiiildifn.aitdow*U  to  yow  tio4»  m  imAv/mch /tr 
yrufctf*    Ideal,  p«gt  33. 

«*'TMiM]rM  wellcspcetthe  MlanetorNiiVani  to  turn  its  cuffrtntto  the 
ku4  oirSuperlor,  m  a«>felwrf cm^^m  f  mUettipittiH  Ai  lA« iImt* ^iutr$t. 
IVlMr  MUMiyk  white  the  pMple  will  ftimMi  the  meMi."    Men,  page  & 

AUet  a:}*WK  HAVK  NQ  M09E8  TO  STRETCH  HIS  BOD  OVBB 
'  iMMkTn  ijOC^Ko  Lebmbn*  MwCiurnwl,  nor  Zkm  invites  ut  acroii  the 


c  Tlii  MpahUee  of  Bome>  and  yenice,  and  perhapa  another;  which  atone 
«^ls,  ha««  haett  ae  op|MWiive  m  the  deapotiam  of  Tnrkey,  ofrenii^  or  J». 
^.?<  Idun,  page  S. 

or  Uie  law  of  PluMTMh,  wbieh  condemneil  to  deatU  the 
ir«(  born  of  tb«  Itr«eUtet,  tUii  revereiHl  geDtlemut  m;i— 
M  4  tkoiiffinMl  Vmu  a»  many  aoiw  of  Jtmema  hvc^wohttbl^ 
fiOm  tMkm  qf  OiiB  wagaii^  war*  o«  peKfM  in  Aroei  by 
IkcMttel  ({f  Pftaraoft.  Still  the  war  U  only  beginning.  If 
tM^JllidiiiaBd  hare  fhllta*  ten  l^tifand  Cimef  <en  (AotMond 
iMM/aU.*'    ldoin»|mge7. 

T(om^  wbo  take  the  tronhle  of  multlplyingf  will  find  that 
lea  thduMwd  timet  ten  thousand  make  ioo^o,000»  who  are 
la  perish  ottt  of  a  population  of  8yOOO(000! ! ! 

**  Should  the  English  now  be  at  liberty  to  aend  all  their  armiea  and  all  their 
ipe  to  Anerioa,  and  tn  mm  dag  bum  evergeHjffrim  Maim  ft  Georgia,  your 

tindi|firtff-j~r'— ' — "i^ir  "  thtir  kmfti  whik  thiji gntad  a*  the  tremen- 

4m Mi^U^fmdem!*    Idem,pafe8. 

<*  Tjfrmf  are  the  tame  on  the  banka  of  the  Nile  and  the  Patowmao-«t 
^      MenpMia  and  at  Wasliiinfton--te  a  «Miar«A|y  ofuf  a  r#^lfe.**   Idein,page9. 

•*  Uke  the  wonhlfqiera  of  Moloeh,  the  tupportera  of  a  rile  administration 
aaerifice  their  children  and  finniliea  on  the  utar  of  democraey.  Like  the 
widowa  <rf  HindOstan,  they  eonsunte  themselves.  I^te  the  firantic  votaries  of 
Juggemaat,  they  throw  themselves  under  the  car  of  their  poUtioal  idol.  They 
are  cruahed  by  ita  bloody  wheels.**    Idem*  page  11.  *    • 

*■•  ■  '**  The  full  vials  of  despotism  are  poured  on  your  heads.  And  yet  you  may 
chaHenge  Jthe  plodding  Israelite,  the  stupid  African,  the  feeble  Chinese,  the 
drowqr  Turk,  or  thelh>ten  exile  of  8iberis»  to  equal  yourin  tame  tubmiititn 
te  the ptmere  ihia  be!*    Idenirpage  IS.' 

"  Here  we  muat  trauMe  on  the  numdatei  e/deepetiemtH  or  here  vtf  muit 
remun  alavea  for  ever.*'    Idem,  page  IS. 

**  Tott  may  envy  the  privilege  of  Israel,  and  mouin  tha^  no  land  of  Canaan 
hae  been  promieed  to  your  anceatore.  You  cannot  separ&te  from  "that  mass  of 
corrupUon,  which  would  poison  the  atmosphere  of  paradise.  You  must  in 
obatihate  despair  bow  down  your  necks  to  the  yoke,  and  with  your  Afiican 

*  After  tlie  reader  has  perused  this  uncharitable  effusion  of  prejt\dlce  and 
virulence,  let  him  compare  it  with  tlie  following  declaration,  made  by  tliis 
reverend  gentkmani  in  a  semnon  pres^ched  at  Cambndgc>  April  8, 1810  :— 
"  God  is  my  witness  that  I  would  not  upon  any  consideration,  willingly  nr 
unnecessarily  wound  the  fefeling^of,  or  give  offence  to,  an  individual  in  tliU 
assembly.'*  '' 


rm  ouvB  BftAvcH:'^ 


m 


b^Uirtn  drtf  the chtlnairfTinrinlft dMpstinMi  mhttgmt 


<(HMiMitNewEn|^MidM»Kht9appr«(MmdMtlMNM«f  Jiaeb  Ml 

page  30. 

"  If  Judgments  «k  comlnif  on  tba  mtlon—if  the  ees  does  not  opfHi  -UMi* 
I  path,  where,  how,  In  what  lOMMwr  will  you  leck  teliyf  r    Ibid.     I  '  '   -  in  > 

"bod  will  brinr  good  fmn  evenr  efU.    The  Ainuwea  of  Igjpi  Vgftlid 
Um\uthttttHdtfCanaon.**  Idemlra. 

«<  Wbieh  Moty'aUve,  in  all  the  uieient  dominion,  haa  mcie  obeecta^ibiMhr 


Ml^  tmry  man  who  Mmetions  this,  war  bv  hia  auAHf*  or'inDMiMe,  rt* 
ntember  th«^  he  ia  labourbig  to^  coyer  hiniaelf  and  hia  countnr  with  bipod. 
THE  BUK)0  OF  TIliB  StAlK  WILL  CbY  PROM  TIU  GBOimD 
AlNST  UIM."    Idem,  page  3S. 

"Roerwill  tbeavpportera  ftfOdr^Mf  «nM.«AH«ltan  w«ryii>w  cndUM  th^ 
icntence--.endure  their  own  refltotionaHO*  "*<'■<*«  lAe/rt  thatttrtmr  Ittrna 
— (dr<A0  worm  wAtcA  iMT«r  4)««--<Af  AeMNti^it  e/AraiM^— (tl*  WHl|<tS  THE 
SMOKE  OF  THFIR  TOAMENTS  ASCENDS  FOteVEB  AM)  RVEB." 
Idem,  page  34. 

**  T6ifaiie  army  tfler  army  tb  be  iacrtiloed,  when  thi  EnglMi  do  alt  wlliclh 
— .u.-  ^  aoAen  the  rigours  of  ci^tMty,  by  kMnesate  thtpaituwii 


wlueh  tliey  have  talun  bg  timuandt  tMd  tktuttandt,  unHsring  tktm  fth^.fit^ 

<|i/tei  WITHOVT   A   aAMBOM,  AMD   WITHOUT    THKIB  aC^VBtT  |  io  CHXtf 

on  nich  a  war,  after  ita  only  avowed  cause  has  been  removed,  la  it  not  tM 
liwleaa  attack  of  Ootha  and  Vandals,  (he  daring  iHBage  of  wM  Ambii  afi* 
Seotioua  ii^tragc  on  all  the  prindplea  of  Christianity,  an  impioua  abaotoMMt 
of  divine  prptectiou}"    Idem,  page  5. 

**  The  legisUtors  who  yielded  to  this  war,  when  aiaailcd  by  the  inaniftiato 
of  their  angry  chief,  titabUthediniquity  and  murder  ky  bw.*^    Ideteji  P<>S<b9' 

"  In  ^e  first  onset  [of  tlie  war]  moral  principle  was  set  at  d^iUneCu  The 
laws  of  God,  and  hopes  of  man  were  utterly  disdained.  VietthNwttfhtf 
itil,  mdtrimM  toere  decked  vHth  UgheH  htnourt.  This  war  not  only  tdlmtel 
crimes,  but  calls  fbr  them,  demands  them;  Crimas  are  the  food  of  ita  Ufb, 
the  anna  of  Ua  atrei^gth.  This  war  ia  a  i^nater,  wh'.<ii  every  hour  MUnan* 
diies  a  thousand  crimes,  and  yet  cries,  "  give«-4tve."  ,  In  ita  birth,  it  de- 
minded'tfae  violaUon  of  all  good  faith,  petjury'of  6Ace,  the  aacrifloe  of  timi- 
tnl  bnpartialf^.  The  firat  moment  in  which  the  dn^on'moved,  pu^-mtd 
nmrdtrwtre  bifaUxed.  MlmtCt  death  andituflagrtUitn  itert  tktyiundt  ^fher 
/rKrxi^tatf."  ..Idem, pi^  il. 

"  Thoac  weatem  states  which  have  beea  .violent  ibr  thia  abominable  wirr  o£ 
murder— those  states  wluch  have  thirsted  for  blood,  QtdkofgiKW  thtm  bletd 
to  drink.  Their  men  have  fatten.  Their  tamentationt  are  deep  tSlttkiud.**  Idea« 
pays  16. 

**(hv  gevemnunt,  if  thevmag  be  eolleUthe  gevemmetU,  and  net  the  deatref 
»K^the  cotm/ry,  bear  all  these  things  as  patiently  as  a  0(rik>ny  of  convicts 
sail  mto  Botany  Bay."  Idem  page  5. 

I  h«d  begun  to  write  some  eommentB  on  these  extraeli. 
But  I  have  ohaneed  my  purpose.  I  lea?e  them  to  theiudg- 
ment  of  Che  rea£r.  I  shall  simpYy  say,  if  the  preaohers 
believed  all  they  asserted,  what  transcendent  infatuation! 


l!*«<-' 


Uk 


THE  Olil  f  E  BR^CH. 


If  they  dM  B«tf  wimi  InuiMradMit  tarafttide!  la  eidiM^ 
CBM,  what  trMMMdent  pntftmaUm  rf  t*e  eleHMl /tenc 
(ioM/— And  of  •  rdlflM  breiUhlw  peMe  mnI  «ood  vUI 
•noi« men !  Bfay theLord oflili liillBlto )ntfj gnuit that 
■0  AiMrirMi  eoaffregation  may  ever  hear  tikeh  Mrmoti 
agafai! 

Sueeea  of  the  War. 

The  eaeniet  of  the  adininiitratien  were  laTiih  ef  their 
repreaehettln  the  earkr  itaget  of  the  war,  on  iti  IH  tueeeiii, 
wUeh  to  wmy  ef  them  wai  a  miyeet  of  at  maeh  trii|mbh» 
as  if  Ihey  hehwged  .to  a  hetaie  aatioa— ae  if  Whatever  dii. 
hoaour  aad  ditgraee  migbt  arise  from  it>  were  to  attach 
themielvei  whol^  to  the  admlalitration.  The  Uiadaeu 
mkl  perverfiljr  of  mamrof  onr  oitlxeat  oa  thii  tople,  were 
vtte^  attjoahhiog.  wlmtever  of  ffloiy  wai  aeqaired*  or  of 
diimee  •uetalaeo  ia  tin  war,  iti  frieadi  aad  eaemiei  per* 
jtoMt  eaeallj  ia  the  eyee  of  the  world.* 

It  it  likewiee  made  a  tul||eet  of  rearoaeh  to  the  adaiiaist 
tratioo,  and  of  reioieiog  to  tome  deluded  people  whom  par^ 

Kiiona  have  jM  aitrajr,  and  liliaded  to  the  intereitaod 
tear  of  thoir  eoontry,  tliat  tlie  government  hat  abaadea- 
ed  Ite  gronad  on  the  inmeet  of  impremment !  A.  most  melae* 
ehelv  inhj^et  of  njoiofns!  Alas!  it  was  not  the  power  of 
Ei^jand,  nor  tlie  dowafalof  Bonaparte*  that  produeed  tUi 
aimadoanwnt  of  the  elaimt  of  the  poor,  luflbringf  nautietl 
hero !  I9o.  Internal  dlieord,  more  fhtal  than  tent  of  thou- 
landi  of  embattled  enemiei*  has  riveted  the  ohwUis  of  im- 

Kssment  on  eountless  numbers  of  future  Halls,  Perries, 
ters,  Laurenees,  and  M^Donoughs. 
Bat  had  the  war  lieea  really  unsueeessful,  it  would  not  lie 
surprisiDg.  It  would  have  more  eompletely  eovered  tlie 
■atloa  with  the  proudest  laurels,  had  Boston  observed  •■ 
inoartial  newtralitjr.  But  she  perseeuted  the  Mvemmeat 
wim  as  muoh  virulenee,  and  malignity,  and  vioienee,  as  if 
k  were  administered  by  demons  ineamate.  She  involved 
in  the  vortex  of  disaffbetion  no  small  portion  of  the  penult- 
fioa  of  iMr  own  and  sister  states,  and  did  EnglaM  more 
ojfMiot  aeroiee,  than  aU  her  amUa.^ 

*  iTMt  all<in>))ortant  idea  ia  placed  in  the  strongest  and  most  striking 
ndintoftieht  by  the  Bditor  of  the  Analytical  Review,  in  the  life  of  commodore 
Ferry— of  which  most  elegant  performance,  mar  be  said  with  perfect  truth, 
the  here  was  worthy  of  sucii  a  Biographer,  and  the  Bkigrapher  was  worthy  of 
MMh  an  mustriotu  hero.  There  is  not  extaat  a  prodyetkm  qS  ^hich  I  sbwld 
be  more  gratified  to  be  the  author. 

f  Of  tlM  style  and  manner  in 'which  the  government  has  been  assailed  on 
the  subject  of  the  loans,  the  reader  will  find  in  the  52d  and  56tli  chapters,  a 
few  specimens.    Many  of  the  paragraphs  on  this  and  other  topics  display  > 


'f*! 


Tm  QLIVJB  0IUKCH. 


M5 


Th«  war,  t«  t|M  norUa«iUio«  ^t  the  OMiniei  •f  th« 
tiy*  k9$  er»iriMd  4h«  VnltiO  8uu«t  wUlk  mtaI  glorr.  we 
have  HOMre  impaired  the  aikva)  sttuuUng  af  Oratt  9i|uIb> 
thaa  all  the  aMmiti  ilia. Iiaa  l>ad  iW  «  aaalarjrt  aai  aiir 
SeoUi*  aa4  aar  BrantPaa*  aB4  oar  lU^aTC*  aad  oa^  Qatliatai, 
and  our  Maeonbt,  aad  aar  CafPeei»  ^aur  Carrah»aiid|  aipr 
JaeliiK»ii»f  liafe  aequirad  by  laad,  boaaar  aad  riaiW  edaal  ta 
whatbat  baea aaqalrad aa  tha  wav>r  bt  aar  Hall«t  Oaaa- 
tartt  fiainbridgety  Perriat»  Fartart,  /anaMi,  aad  n*Da- 

BOUgbl. 

Let  tbata  ialktaated  maa  wiio  aaaf^  tbe  goYamaaat  bjr 
tba  tbrbikt,  aad  almait  ttraariad  luSjn  tba  dettraatiaa  aif Its 
eredi^  aa4  by  ihaelUiag  all  itt  aflterU»  anly  ralleai  Ibr  a  faw 
minat^i  ailinly  aa  tba  eAel  af  tbair  aaadaat.  They  daiirad 
peaae.  But  they  really  prolaaged  tbe  tvar.  If,  aatwith- 
atahdiipg  the  ImoienBe  diiadTaatagei  aadar  whieh  it  was 
eaMed  oBt  through  the  disaflbetiaa  af  lueh  a  large  bod^  of 
our  oltizeni,  we  to  harais^  and  erippled  the  trade  af  tha 
enemy*  what  Would  have  beea  the  reittlt>  had  tlia  united 
oneri^ei  of  the  aatlon  been  employed  to  avenge  the  national 
wrong!— had  all  tbe  parte  of  the  eaitern  etatee  eoatribated 
their  purtloB  towards  the  eommoli  eausa?  Great  Bntain 
woulq  in  that  ease  have  been  weary  of  the  war  in  twelve 
moaths.  She  would  have  given  us  an  oarly  and  hoaoarfible 
peace.  Millions  of  debts  and  taxes  would  have  been  saved 
— thoHiaails  of  lives  oo  both  sides  preserved— the  destrao- 
tlia  of  labile  and  private  credit  prevented— and  the  two 
aatlons  would  have  been  earlj  restored  to  die  relatioiis  of 
c«aimeree  aKd  friendship.  This  is  an  awful  view  of  (he  la- 
bours of  the  **  peace  party,*' 


CHAPTER  LVn. 

Parties  tshapge  name  and  character,    Jaeaibint,    BdMt^n, 
Unholf  straggle  fm-  power,  the  catue  of  aU  our  dificuUktu 
Candid  confiaion. 
Parties  sometimes  ciiauge  their  namep*  though  they 

retain  their  prinoiples.    But  they  mor^  frequently  change 

degree  of  maTic^  and  virulence,  and  ribaldry,  that  can  only  be  equalled  by 
the  writers  of4he  Courier  and  the  Times.  Adheaioi»..to  the  enemy  ia  visibte 
in  the  elaborate  defences  of  his  conduct  that  so  frequently  appear  in  a  large 
proportion  of  the  papers  published  to  tbe  eastward.  And,  strange  to  tell, 
there  was  a  most  laboured  set  of  essays  published  in  Boston  under  the  signi- 
tare  of  Pacificus,  defending  t!ie  monstrous  cluim  to  16S,U00,000  of  acres  of 
our  territory,  as  a  i^ne-qua-nen  condition  {uf  peace.  These  essays  were  repub- 
lished in  most  of  tbe  federal  papers  throughout  the  union,  witboatt  OMl^metit 
or  censure. 


il" 


326 


THE  OttVB  BRANCKi 


their  ditttaoter*  add  O0adttet,  and  prinelples*  still  retaining 
t1i4ir  names.  On  many  occasions  in  Eil|^landf  ^hi|^  adinlft^ 
istriitiotis  h&T6  enforced  tory  measures.  And  some  of  the 
most  ^hiiggish  measurcfli  have  been  adopted  by  tory  admin^ 
isti'atidht.  A  ▼ery  large  tiuiiillier  of  the  democrats  in  i79S^ 
partioalaVly  $n  the  Western  parts  of  Pennsylvania*  trere  rank 
jacobus  and  disorgabizers.  Tliey  offered  vioknce  to  the 
ffOvefAmlbttt^  and^sed  an  Insurreotion*  to  free  themselves 
from  a  p^ii^  elbise  on  vrhlskev,  one  of  the  m<i)iBt  rational 
and  salutary  taxes  ever  devised.  Most  of  those  men  who 
then  vioUted  the  lawt  in  this  resptBcti  are  new  strenuous 
supporiers  of  the  government. 

Off  tlie  other  haiid,  the  federalists  of  1798>  4,  6,%  7,  and 
and  S.' were  zealous  **frkhd8  of  order  and  good  fotem- 
ininU*  Tiiis  was  with  them  a  sort  of  watch-word.  Ilicy 
were  at^ht  supporters  of  the  honour  of  the  epnstituted  au- 
thorises* which  they  identified  with  their  owU.  A  very 
lar^  portion  of  them  still  adhere  to  the  good  old  faith  tuid 
practice.  Bt|t  there  are  tpo  many  who  are  as  arrant  jacO' 
bius  add  disbrganieers*  iand  as  ripid  for  tumuli  and  eommo- 
tidh*  as  thb  most  violent  of  the  democrats  in  i79d.  They 
may'  Murmur  and  may  curse  me  for  this  declaration  as 
much  as  they  please.  I  care  not.  ThCy  may  exhaust 
£rttulphus's  whole  collection  of  mailedictions  on  n^y  devoted 
head^  But  wiere  these  maledictions  ten  tiines  told  oyer* 
they  %ould  not  .efface  from  their  escutcheon  the  foul  blot  of 
jacobinism. .  A  jacobin  is  a  man  of  violence  in  politics— an 
enemy  to  legal  goVernment—and  ripe  for  revolution.  This 
definition  is  substantially  correct.  And  therefore  every 
man  is  a  jacobin  who  was  in  favour  of  sending  to  Elba,  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  chosen  by  the  .unbiassed 
votes  of  a  free  nation.  Every  man  is  a  rank  jdcpUn,  who 
was  for  putting  down  the  administration  by  foroe./Every  man 
is  a  ranfcjacp6m>  who  with  Mr.  King  of  Massachusetts,  re- 
gardless of  decency*  decorum,  propriety,  or  dignity  of  char- 
acter* thfeatened  the  president  in  an  inuendo  icith  a  halter,* 
Every  man  is  a  rankjacohint  who*  with  Mr.  Coleman,  edi- 
tor of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  preferred  war  with  all  its 
horrors,all  its  derastalionSf  to  a  continuance  of  the  present 
adminiatration.  Every  man  is  a  rank,  furious,  envemoned, 
and  dangerous  jacobin*  who*  with  Mr.  Blake*  a  quondam 
democrat,  seized  the  advantage  of  a  distressing  war*  to  or- 
ganize one  portion  of  this  nation  against  the  restf 

,  *Xo  the  d{sgrace  and  dishonour  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  U- 
nited  States,  tJiis  vilb  eifusion  of  Billingsgate  Was  allowed  to  pass  without  a 
a  call  to  order. 

i  Mr.  Blake  is  likely  to  be   a  conspicuous  character.    Neither  Marat, 
Itoton,  nor  ^Robespierre  be^an  their  CRTter  with  roor?  violence  tbSB  he  has 


7Y|)3  (H[4Tf:  BR4lN€Hp 


«27 


,  In  ifne,  9f «II7  mn  wk9  .wifhts  the  ininoRltjr  to  ti^mplf; 
down  MidTKle  t|ie  nwyoiily—wlio  lilinMlf  i^posei,  or  wbo 
ezeitoa  pBpotiOaii  to,  0t»}^ymr^wk»  Melip  tf  iUM^lye  tlio 
wnoil  nniloi'  wj  ppetcpit  ivliatoyeru^«|i9  ^efon^  t^  ^ne- 

gr^ot  hii  own  g^vecnnioyil^  it  aq  eorag^T^  disoji^ikizer-rr 
njneooin.  / 

/  mmssUfi»r  OJUse, 

it  is  lit  vain  to  disguise  the  truth.    Would  to  God|4h^t  | 
had  a  roloe  of  thunder  to  proolfiin  it  throuj^h  .th0  nation ! 
The  conynlsions  and  dangers  of  our  oouotry  have  arisen 
from  the  lust  of  ofll^  and  power*    The  safety,  the  wel&re, 
the  happiness  of  eight  tailliotas  «lf  perale  and  their  posterity 
were  jeopardized  aw<  ex|bsed  to  ri^li*  fn  the  unholj  struggle. 
To  embarrass,  disgraofs,  aiid  rewier  odious  andunpopiSar 
die  Men  possessed  of  power,  for  the  purpose  of  diiplacing 
tlienif  and  yanlting  ipto  the  vaeant  fiea^s,  is  a  prooednre,  as 
anejent  as  goyernment  itsiat    And  that  it  has  heen  nlinost 
uniyersally  preyalent  here,  is  ineontrovertihle,    It  is  pot 
wonderful  that  those  whose  grand  and  sole  objects  are. pow- 
er and  the  emolumeiits  of  owee,  shottljd  pursue  thif  plan. 
The  deprayity  of  human  nature  Bu0eientiy  accounts  for  it. 
But  that  a  larce  portion  of  the  eommunity  who  neither  haye 
nor  hope  for  pUce  of  honour  or  profit,  should  leni  them- 
selves to  such  a  scheme— -should  allow  tbemselyes  to  be 
made  instruments  to  be  wielded  for  the  purpose-«-tJiat  they 
should^  as  the  history  of  this  young  country  has  ol^en  yeri- 
fied,  shut  their  eyes  to  the  yital  interests  of  the  nation,  in 
order  to  promote  the  aggrandizement  of  a  few  men,  is  really 
astonishing. 

The  following  paragraph  from  the  New  York  Eyening 
Post,  is  as  Ciuidid  a  confession  of  a  most  sinister  object  as 

already  displayed,    ^enu  repente  turpiitimua.    He  will  improve  as  he  g^n 
on.   1  stake  my  existence,  that  should  a  civil  war  have  taken  place  (as  would 
have  been  the  case,  had  Mr.  Blake's  councils  prevailed)  and  should  his  party 
not  bar.'  been  crushed  in  the  conflict,  as  they  probably  woUld — if  be  had  thfe 
ascendency,  there  would  have  been  as  summary  process  with  the  democrats  of 
that  quarter  jis  there  «v-c<)  «;ith  the  royalists  under  the  gtdUoHne  government 
of  PaiHt—w.nfeti  art  motutert  all  the  world  over,  w/i^  unreatraitied  by  Iqvt 
and  conttitution.    1  hope  in  the  tender  mercy  of  6od,  we  shall  not  try  the 
experiment.    But  if  in  the  vengeance  of  heaven,  we  are  destined  to  do  it,  wc 
shall  add  our  example  to  that  of  France  in  proof  of  this  theory.    Mr.  Blake 
transcends  his  friend  Mr.  Otis  far.    The  latter  gentleman  is  surely  violent 
enougfh— but  Re  is  obliged  to  curb  and  restrain  the  converted  democrat.    Per- 
haps thii'if  a  riiae  de  gtierre — perhaps  the  outrageous  violence  of  Mr.  Blake 
is  intended  to  form  a  contrast  with  the  mildness  of  the  projet  of  >tr.  Otis, 
who  is  thereby  to  gain  t'.ie  popular  title  of  a  "  moder^."    Old  Lord  Burleigh, 
or  Machiavel  himself,  could  not  arrange  the  matter  better.    But^  reader,  I 
nierely  gvesa  at  these  things.    I  am  too  f^u-  removed  from  the  chesA  board,  tu 
judge  of  t^,  slatp  of  the  game.   /_ 


■^?;-: 


,/j«>— - 


SS8 


THlB  OLITfi  BRANCH. 


ever  ¥rM  metfe.  Whtte  we  were  exposed  to  ell  the  horrors 
of  WW— our  eiUei  and  towni  Mable  to  Oopenhai^nigTri-^ut 
wifOtMidoQr  daighten  to  violfttioii*^t  w»s  iefenuouijy 
ftTow«A»  that  all,  tHeBO  frightful  evils  were  of  no  aooomit 
eowfared  with  the  exchuian  of  Mr*  Cokman*4frienia  fronk 
oflloe ! ! !  It  is  impossible  te  mistake  the  idea.  It  is'  eapahle 
of  no  other  than  this  interpretation.  Howeyer  we  repro* 
bate^  its  want  of  pnblie  spwiti  its  candour  oommands  ap- 
plause. 

*'  What  would  be  the  value  of  a  p^eioe,  if  nbt  attcfrtded  with  k  change  of 
those  ralera  who  afe  drinng  the  country  h^dtotigto  fubt 7  A  PEACK,  iftueh 
60  iU  «/W:^t,  WOUU>  BB  THE  BRAVIE8T  OF  CUR8E8^7A<r«  j«  m 
event  tKi^e»uMhappe»— no  piMU  cMdttim  o/*  thingt  that  could  be  inutgin- 
ed,  vhiek  ewfkt  not  to  be  depUredf  a^d  avoided,  aa  the  HEAVIEST  0^ 
CALAMITIES;  tf  He  tendiiuy  it  to  perpetuate  fimferin  the  prtfi^ate  kendo 
thatj^  tdxtern  geato  hdve^ioverned  thio  unhapPjf  eotmUtjf." 

The  man  who  ean  read  these  declarations  without  shod- 
derinr  with  horror,  mvst  have  h|^  moral  foelings destroyed, 
or  atleast  blunted  to  an  extreme  decree.    These  sentimc:;  ^ 
have  appeared  in  other  papers  bCsioes  the  Now  Yoric  Evt 
ing  Post.  J 

This  paragraph  afibrds  a  complete  clue  to  all  the  convul-^ 
sive  struggles  in  congress— 41II  the  efforts  to  prevent  the 
Sttocess  of  every  measure  eatculated  to  mecii  th^  recent 
emergency.  Tue  possession  of  power  on  the  one  hand,  or 
the  perdition  of  the  country  on  the  otbor»  were  the  alterna- 
tive. The  parties  had  no  hesitation  about  forcing  the  ehoico 
on  tfaeir  ill-starred  counti^. 


CHAPTER  LVm. 

JlUherdtity  ofprejudieea  against  foreigners.  Ungrateful  on 
the  part  of  dmeriea.  Irishmen  and  Frenchmen  peeuUar 
oljtets  of  dislike.  Pennsylvania  line.  Extreme  suffer- 
ing. Tempting  allurements.  Unshaken  virtue  ana  he- 
roism,   Arnold.    Silas  Deane,    Befugees, 

"  The  real  cause  of  the  war  must  be  traced  to  *  *  *  *  *  the  influence  of 
vortUeu  foreignera  over  the  press,  and  the  deliberations  of  the  government 
in  all  its  branches."  Bepty  of  the  home  0/  repreaentativea  ^fMataachuaetta  to 
f'    epeech  t(f  governor  Stronff^June,  1814. 

•*  Thou  shall  neither  vex  a  stranger*  nor  oppress  him}  for 
ye  were  strangers  in  the  land  of  Egypt,**  Exodus,  xxii* 
at. 

I  HAVE  long  desired  a  fair  opportunity  of  handling  this 
topie.  1  have  long  felt  indignant  at  the  indiscriminate  abuse 
hurled  on  foreigners  in  general— and  more  particularly  on 


TfiB  OlAVe  WBtXiitMi 


m 


the  Iriabf  OB  whoM  deroted  iiMidi  «<  thetiaU  of  «i/nrtk^  «• 
inMVOMtly** poured  &utt**  >  ^iusrftJyiVjf.ti^^:^ 

There  is  ntf  oountnr  that  ow«t  neref  to^^i^Ji  M  WM*. 
tnr  hM  oiore  need  of--fereiglieri/ '  Thefv' t>  W»  MMti^  iR 
whieh  they  «r«  more  the  objeets  of  4aVeetlTe>  of  Vewiiteh^'': 
of <»if7  Mid JeAlouiy.  •  -»'^^^^>  '^^f^'iJ- *>.  f"^  *^'l''  .•^^<''* '' 

AjMlOMy  orforeimrspretiili'lliEtiglfeidi;'  BMH  h 
confined  to  the  eanallle»  who»  tnindlinjf  ttiehr  b«rrow««« 
iireepiBg  the  streett-^r  ptirtalng  tkef^  gentetol  ofllee«  of 
ehimneT  iweepe  and  night  men-^ii^iate  and  deiplM  the  dtt 
nni  tail  parUyrooo^ke  Plundering  IrMUnan— -fto  wimpk 
Mumey  Beoitmap^he  Ude-tating  Welthman,  |n  fwt» 
every  man  who  wears  a  eoat  dMTerent  from  their  own/  or 
who  dtaplaysany  indioatiOn  that  provei  him  not  to  be  a 
« trne-oom  EngHihman»*'  ii  an  otsjeet  of  eontempt  to  an 
EngUiIi  toaTenger.'        ^■..■?^v';.         '  ■  ,.^^  .vi^:;^i.>*.K  Af/ii^t^-'t 

Bat  it  it  not  Urns  in  liigh  life  in  that  eountry.  A  Ibrelgli* 
er  of  genteel  manner^^eeent  addresft»-4md  good  ebaraoi- 
ter,  is  treated  with  the  attention  and  pbUteneos  be  deiehrei. 

With  a  decree  of  magnanimity*  deoenring  of  praise»  and 
worthy  of  being  made  aneacampie,  Eiiglanii»  who  pioiieliet 
abundance  of  artistft  of  high  standing*  and  sterling  mlerltt» 
appointed  the  American  West*  as  prendent  of  her  royal 
academy.  France*  with  a  constellation  of  native  talents 
never  exceeded,  entrusted  her  armies  to  aB«rwlek»  to  a 
Saxe.  At  a  more  recent  period,  a  Swiss  banker  presided 
over  her  financial  concerns.  Russia  has  frequently  placed 
over  her  fleets  Scotch  naval  heroes.  In  fact*  go  throng^ 
Christendom,  and  you  will  find  there  is  no  country  so  sa- 
vage, so  uncukivated,  or  so  highly  polished  and  refined, 
irhich  does  not  cheerfully  avml  itself  of  the  proflbred 
talents  of  the  foreigner  who  makes  his  permanent  domieil 
there. 

But  in  this  «  mojif  enUghtened**  of  all  the  enlightened  mo- 
tions of  the  earib,  party  spirit  has  excited  a  peculiar  de|?t*ee 
of  malevolence  against  thelrisb  and  the  Frenob-i4md  for 
the  same  reason,  because  England  is  hostile  to  both.  Tbe 
urbanity,  the  mildness,  the  equanimity,  the  refinement^  and 
the  politeness  of  the  Frenchman,  avail  him  nothing.  He  is 
an  object  of  jealousy  and  ilLwill,  in  spite  of  all  his  owngoo4 
and  endearing  qualities,  and  in  spite  too  of  the  services  his 
nation  «*  in  the  Jiery  hour  of  triaV*  rendered  the  United 
States.  The  pOor,  persecuted,  proscribed,  and  oppressed 
Irishman,  hunted  out  of  his  own  country,  and  knowing  the 
value  of  liberty  here,  flrom  the  privation  of  it  there,  findi 
the  antipathies  of  bis  lords  anJ  masters  transferred  to  many 
of  those  whose  fellow  citizen  he  intends  to  become.     To 


i-Mi:'!''^- 


^  'mU¥ 


if^^'rf '^y 


iiiea,  A  Hottintoti  or  a  Caffrariaa,  w  a^^lajMneMi  would  bo 

i»  fliMf  i(i»  ijaarieam*  ^t  aap^t  IM  ^aaptiy  af  ta  Irish- 
teas*  It  has  a  high  olaiin*  not  caheelledy^oa  |ha  flwaof  the 
ili««DiilMI,  lih«i  nM  9V»ll«il  J'l>tifli»  dpae  iU  In^  ibagme 

i ;  naflBff^ifaa  Am^rioaa  jr«valH|tiaB»  a  hand  af  IrhhiMM 
•««rajnbHlie4 .4o  avange  ia  tha  oaaaUy  «€  their  adoptioi 
lAie  iajaties^aC  tha  eouatry  of  thair  birth«  Thfy  fbrmed 
liiajQfllor  fart  af  the  aeifonrateil  Fennsylyaii;!,  llbiB.  They 
liiaaliMiail  Ihay  B^  for  tba  ttnite^  States*  Maojr  of  then 
•eaMAbeir  attaehmeiit  with  t|M)ir}iv«s,  Their  adopted 
aaoAtrj  was  shanefuUj  angrataAil*  The  wealthy,  the  iade* 
pendent*  and  the  luxurious,  for  wliom  thety  foui^t>  vere 
lifting  ia  all  the  oomfaats  aad  superfluities  of  life.  Their 
4aliMMrsj!rere  literally  half  starved,  aiid  half  nahed«  Their 
ihaalBst  feet  marM  with  hlood  their  traeks  ^n  the  high- 
way. 1  T^/.ey  loiig  baee  their  grievaiioes  patiently.  They  at 
iaagtii  niurmcred.  They  reinonetrated.  They  implored  a 
snp^  ^4he  necessaries  of  liflB.  Bat  in  vain.  A  deaf  ear 
aras  turned  to  their  eoaiplainte. ,  They  felt  indignant  at  the 
eiM  iieg^eotf-r-)«t  the  inj^ratitttderr-Af  that  country  for  whioh 
ao  many  of  their  companions  in- arms  bad  expired  on  the 
orfaisaaeid  field  of  battle.  They  held  arms  in  (heir  hands 
llieyhad  reijMhed  die  boundary  line,  beyond  which  foi- 
bearaaoe  aniS  submission  become  meanness  and  pnsillani* 
mitjr.  As  all  appeals  to  the  gratitude,  the  justice,  the 
fpenerosity  of  the,  country  had  proved  unavailing,  they  de- 
termined to  try  another  course.  They  appealed  to  its  fears. 
They  aiutinied*  They  demanded  with  ener^  that  redress 
for  which  the^  bad  before  supplicated.  It  was  a  nobl* 
deed.  I  hope  in  all  similjir  cases,  similar  measures  will  bj 
pursued* 

{Let  me  digress  for  a  moment.  I  cannot  resist  the  temp- 
Aauon  to  bear  my  testimony  against  conduct  considerably 
aaalagous  to  what  I  have  here  reprobated.  Philadelphia 
waa  lately  struck  with  fear  of  an  invading  foe.  Thousands 
af  citizens,  many  of  them  hundreds  of  miles  remote  frotn 
lis,  volunteered  their  services  in  our  defence.  They  left 
(heir  homes,  their  fire-sides,  their  parents,  their  wives, 
their  children,  their  business*  and  all  their  domestic  enjoy- 
ments, to  protect  us.  We  made  them  a  base  return.  They 
pined  and  languished  in  the  hardships  of  a  camp,  neglected 
'-'(grossly,  shamefully  neglected,  by  those  for  whom  they 
were  prepared  to  risk  their  precious  lives.    Contributions 


THfi^  OLIVe  ]SRANCI£^ 


^ere  requested  try  t^  comBkUte^  of  defiiniiM  fiir  tbe  iiontfovt 
of  the  soldiers*  fwd  for  the  mpport  of  their  witei  and  ehil*  * 
dreD.  It  is  painful  to  state*  bu^  it  must  he  atirted,  tlnA  kt:ik 
eity  where  thei«  are  jtrohahV.  one  hanilred  pertont  worth 
aboye  0d6O»O6O-^hirty  or  Ibrtjr  Worth  s,  or  400,000-«i«i|il 
seTeral  siipposed  to  be  worth  ftiilttoiM-^the. whole  eoatriba- 
tion'did  noi  exs^  S^,000^-«  suai  whioh  half  s  doaoft  hMi- 
vidiials  ought  to  have  Oontribated  themselvoa*  The  Inm' 
tUttde  aiuT  want  of  liberality  of  the  oltizeM  of  Phil«delphi% 
and  the  povert}*  of  the  government* ,  whioh  was  u4aMe  to 
pay  thO  militia  their  hara-eariie4  dnes*,  (p* /oreed  moiiy  of 
them  to  d^^pend  on  eharitff  for  the  Acaiw  of  rMehiHg  thm* 
HHa/nt  homi»!!:  Ckmld  the  immortal  i^iiir,  the  founder  of 
the  City  of  Brotherly  LoTe»  look  down  Drom  the  regions  oC 
bliss,  where  he  is  at  rest,  he  must  ha?e  sighed  over  the 
(Ksgracefttl  scene. 

"  The  quality  of  riierc^  {s  not  strained : 

«' It  droppeth  «s  the  gentle  dew  from  Beaten 

*' Upoil  the  place  beneath.    It  is  twice  bleu'd. 

*' It  blesaeth  him  that  gives*  and  hiin  that  takes.^  V>^   , 

Hie  sun  has  not  shone^  more  despicable  eiDnduet*!  ' '  "^ 
To  return  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hue.  The  intelligenee 
vas  carried  to  the  British  camp.  It  there  spread  joy  and 
gladness.  Lord  Howe  hoped  that  a  period  bed  arrived  to 
we  **  rthdliont*  as  it  would  have  been  termed.  There  was 
a  glorious  opportunity  of  erushing  the  half-formed  embryo 
of  the  republic.  He  counted  largely  on  the  indignatioi](» 
and  On  the  resentment  of  the  natives  of  "  tht  emerald  isle,** 
He  knew  the  irascibility  of  their  tempers.  He  calculated 
on  the  diminution  of  the  strength  of  m  the  rt^els,"  and  the 
aeeessionto  the  numbers  of  the  royal  army.  Messengers 
were  despatched  to  the  mutineers.  They  had  carte  bkmehe. 
They  were  to  allure  tue  poor  Hibernians  to  return,  like 
prodl^  ehildren,  from  feeding  on  busks,  to  the  plentiful 
fold  of  their  royal  master.  Liberality  herself  presided  over 
his  offers.  Abundant  supplies  of  provisions-~comfo«  table 
slothing  to  their  hearts'  desire-^all  arreara  of  pay — boun- 
ties—4L<iid  pardon  for  past  offences,  were  offered.  There 
was,  however,  no  hesitation  among  these  poor,  neglected 
warriors.  They  refused  to  renounce  poverty,  nakedness, 
suffering,  aud  ingratitride.  The  splendid  temptations  were 
held  out  in  vain.  There  was  no  Judas,  no  Arnold  there. 
They  seiz'jd  the  tempters.  Th<^y  trampled  on  their  shining 
ore.  They  sent  them  to  their  general's  tent.  The  raisera- 
hle  wretches  paid  their  forfeit  lives  for  attempting  to  se- 
duce a  band  of  ragged,  forlorn,  and  deserted,  but  illustrious 
heroes.  We  prate  abdut  Roman^  about  ^reoiau  patriotismt- 


sw 


T0£  OU.VE  miANCIf. 


Oile.  half  of  It  is  Mm.  In  Uie  other  half,  there  is  nothing 
thki  exeela  this  noble  trait»  whieh  it.  worthy  the  peneil  of  a 
West  or  a  Trnmbnll.  .: 

I^i.  iQe  reverse  the  toens*  Let  me  introduee  .some  ehar- 
apteriof  a  different. stamp*  Who  is  that  misereant  yon- 
der^^ark,  designittgt  hagKai:!d-»4reaohery  on  h|s  oounte- 
naii^e->-pa.dagg^rifa£isJiandMsil  not  Arnold?  It  is.  Was 
lie  an  Inshmfl^?  No.  He  was  n6t  of  the  despised  east,  the 
fiHfeigaen.  /He  was  an  Ameriean.  Neither  Irish  nor 
Freneh  blood  flowed  in  his  veins. 

Behold,  there  is  anothcrr.  Who  is  he,  that>  Judas  lilte,  is 
pocketing  the  wages  of  oorrnption,  for  which  he  has  sold  liii 
cetuntqr?  Is  he  an  Irishman?  No.  peisafiativaAmericaa. 
His  name  is  Silas  Deane.         y 

But  surely  that  nttmetDns  band  of  ruffiau,  and  plunder- 
ers, and  murderers,  who  are  marauding  and  robbing— who 
are  shooting  down  poor  farmers,  and  their  wives,  and  their 
children,  are  **foreigner»,**  It  is  impossible  they  can  be 
natives.  No  mttive  American  would  iperpetrate  siieh  bar- 
barities  ,on  his  unoffending  felloW-eitizens.  It  is  an  error* 
They  are  refugees  and  tories— 4m  nfi^ive  born. 

I  am  an  Iriillman.  With  the  canoilte  in  superfine  cloths 
and  silks,  as  well  as  with  the  canaille  in  rags  and  tatters, 
ihis  is  a  Subject  of  reproach.  For  eveiy  maa,  woman,  or 
child,  base  enough  to  attach  disgrace  to  any  person  on  ac- 
count of  hiis  country,  I  feel  a  m^st  sovereign,  fm  ineffable 
contempt.  Let  them  move  in  what  sphere  they  mw,  wheth- 
er in  coffee-houses,  or  IwU-rooms,  or  palaoes-^-in  hovels,  or 
garrets,  or  cellars-— they  are  groveling*  svrdid,  and  con- 
temptible.  ^To  express  the  whole  io  two  words— pity 

there  were  not  words  more  forcible>-they  are  M£fi£  CA- 
NAILLE. 

I  glory,  I  feel  a  pride  in  the  name  of  an  Irishman.  There 
is  not  under  the  canopy  of  Heaven,  another  nation,  whieb» 
ground  to  the  earth  as  Ireland  has  been,  for  six  hundred 
years,,  under  so  vile  a  proconsular  governmt.ai-F<4ilmost  every 
viceroy  a  Yerres — a  government  whose  fundc:nental  maxim 
is  **  divide  and  destroy" — whose  existence  depends  on  fo- 
menting the  hostility  of  the  Protestant  agaiqsttho  Presbyte- 
rian and  Catholic,  and  that  of  the  Catholic  against  the  Pro- 
testant and  Presbyterian — there  is  not,  I  say,  another  na- 
ti6n,  which,  under  such  circumstances,  would  have  preserved 
the  slightest  ray  of  respectability  of  character. 

A  book  now  lies  before  me,  which,in  afew  lines,  with  great 
naivete,  dcvelopes  the  horrible  system  pursued  by  England 
in  the  government  of  Ireland,  of  exciting  the  jealousy  of  one 
part  of  the  nation  against  the  other.  A  schemer  of  the  naiiie 


TiiE  ouy£  91^<s;ii. 


M 


of  Wood*  had  infliienise  enongli  to  u^rooure  a  patent  for  lu]^ 
fjUjfing  Ireland  with  eopper  e^in  in  the  year  ±79^,  hj  sftfaaat 
whereof  he  would  have  aipass^d  aa  i|Qinien»e  forthm^  by 
fleeeittg  tj^e  npitjon  of  its  gpH  f^  ijll^er  in  return  for  hw 
base  eopoer.  Pean  ttw^l^  expoa^d  ^e  inieiided  ftnuttd  irl(i|, 
|ueh  «cal  an<S  abiUt/t  t^  be^nrouaed  the  'pnb)io  initimt^ft 
tt  the  attempt,  andF  that  the  prt^etopr  was  fairij  a|feated< 
and  bit  patenjl  revoked*  Pripn^te  Boutterf  Wfho  Was  at  that 
period  pHme  mlnitter  of  Irelai|d,  in  a, letter  to  the  QidLjB  of 
Newcastle*  deplores  the  eonsequenees  pf  tMl  fraudulent  at- 
tempt, in  ttHtting  tho  parties,  who*  till  then,  ha^i  been  em- 
bittered, enemies.  This  giwid  didpiitary  of  the  ehniroh  re- 
garded a  oensation  of  dfseotrd  and  hostiUty  among^  the  op*> 
pressed  fri^h  as  a  most  alarmine  dvent!  pregnant  witb 
danger  to  the  authority  of  ]Snglai)d!  But,  reader,  I  Ivill  let 
him  speak  for  himself : 

"  The  people  ot  every  religion,  counUy,  and  party  here,  are  alike  set . 
•gainst  woods'  half-pence:  and,  g:^  their  agreement  in  thia  haa  had  'A. 
VERY  (UNHAPPy  1  ^UBNCE  ON  THE  AFFAIRS  OF  THE  NA- 
TION,  &jf  bringing  on  anaciet  befwem  Papittt,  and  Jaeobitet,  and  the 
■fldgtt  wM  beforp  had  Mm  correapondence  trith  them,*/.'/  See  Boultez^a  letten» 
roll, page/.    Dublin  Edition,  1770.  > 

Notwithstanding  all  the  grinding*  the  debasing  eireum- 
stanoes  that  mUitate  against  Irel^  and  Irishjmen,  there  is 
DO  eountry  in  Christendom*  wbieh  has  not  witnessed  the  he- 
roism* the  generosity*  tlie  liberality  of  Irishmen— none, 
where,  notwithstanding  the  atrocious  calumnies  propagated 
against  them  by  their  oppressars,  Ibey  have  not  forecd  their 
way  thi'Qugh  ^e  thorny  and  briwy  paths  of  prejudice  and 
jealottsyf  to  honour*  to  esteem*  t<>  respect. 

It  has  been  said,  tliat  they  are  m  this  country  turbulent* 
and  refractoi^jr.  and  disorderly*  and  factious.  This  oiwige 
is  as  base  as  those  by  whom  ft  is  advanced.  There  is  more 
tarbulenoe*  more  iactioo*  more  disaffection  in  Boston*  whose 
population  is  only  3^,000*  and  which  has  as  few  foivigoers 
as  perhaps  any  town  in  the  world*  t|ian  tliere  is  in  the  two 
states  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York*  wilb  a  population  of 
1*700*000  and  wbieh  contain  probably  two-thirds  of  all  the 
native  Irishmen  in  this  country.  While  native  born  citizens* 
Mine  of  whom  pride  themselves  on  Indian  blood  flowing  in 
their  veins,  and  others  who  boast  of  a  holy  descent  from'those 
**8ainteA  plgrima''*  ^hom  British  persecution  drove  to'the 
howling  wilderness,  were  sacrilegiously  and  wickedly  at- 
tempting to  destroy  the  glorious  (would  to  Heaven  I  could 
say  the  immortal)  fabric  of  our  almost  divine  form  of  go^- 
gernment;  of  tiie  Irishmen  in  this  country*  high  and  low* 
nioety-niiie  of  every  hundred  were  strenuously  kbouriog  to 

ward  off  the  stroke. 

Br 


i^vufi. 


^-m 


'V.  M  'f, 
'  'mm''  nf 


::M;  > 


«Si 


TBE  OUVE  BRANCA 


f  siilfl  there  it  no  eountry  thiit  own  ttiore  to  foriigneri 
tbiiii  the  UniM  States.  1  owe  it  to  myielf  and  to  my  i^ad*' 
er«  not  to  let  a  point  of  tueh  importance  rest  on  more  awer- 
tion.  Of  the  men  who  aequired  ilittinetlon  ^  in  the  eablnet, 
Or  in  the  lleMf  diirinK  the  revoluUonarir  war*  a  inerjf  large 
probortion  were  fore%nertr  In  **  the  ttmetf  that  tried  mtn^t 
■ottU**'  their  lervioei  were  aoeeptable»^hey  #ere  gladly  re- 
eeivedt  and oourteouily  treated.  Bnt now*  like  theiqaees' 
ed  orange^  they  Irt  to  be  thrown  atidoy  and  trodden  under 
fotot.  'V,'..  . 

The  illnstrions  Laf^ayette*  Gen.  Lee,  Gen.  Gateii  Gen. 
Stewart,  the  inestimable  Qen. Montgomery,  Gen.PuIaski, 
Gen.  Kosciusko,  Baron  Steuben,  fianiiai  Be  Kalb,  Gen. 
M<FUerson,  Gen.  St.  Clair,  Gen.  Hamilton^  Robert  Morris, 
the  amiable  Charles  Thompson,  Judge  Wilson,  Baron  Be 
Gtanbee,  Thomas  Paiqe,  lliomas  FHadimons,  William 
Findley,  and  hundreds  of  others,  eminent  durinf;  tJie  re¥o- 
lution,  were  foreigners.  Many  of  them  were  not  excellied 
for  serviees.  and  merits,  by  any  native  >Amerioan»  whether 
the  dingy  blood  of  a  Poeahontas  crawled  through  his  veins, 
or  wlieihelr^he  descended  in  a  right  line  from  any  of  **the 
Pilgrims^'  Uiat  waged  war  against  the  potent  Massasoit^ 
.  '  Sinee  the  preceding  pages  were  written,  I  have  met  with 
a  paroplUet  of  ininite  merit,  written  by  one  of  the  authors 
of  **  Salmagundi,*'  from  which  I  quote  the  following  state- 
inent  with  pleasure-~as  affording  an  able  vindication  of  the 
Irish,  and  a  fair  sketch  of  the  oppressions  and  wrongs  they 
have  endured.  In  the  najne  of  the  nation  1  thank  the  writer 
fur  this  generous  effusion,  of  which  the  value  is  greatly  en- 
haneed,  by  the  extreme  rarity  of  such  liberality  towards 
Ireland  or  Irishmen  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  work 
has,  moreover,  the  merit  of  being  an  excellent  defence  of 
this  country  against  the  abuse  of  British  critics.  I  earnestly 
recommend  it  lo  the  perusal  of  every  American  who  feels 
for  the  lionoiir  of  hi(|^couniry. 

**  The  history  of  Ireland's  unhappy  connexion  .with^  England,  felhibits, 
fVom  first  io  last,  a  detail  of  the  most  persevering,  galUnj^  grinding,  insult, 
ing,  and  systematic  oppression,  to  be  iouiid  any  where  (^exofpt  ummg  the 
hehlt  of  Sparta.  There  is  not  a  national  feeling  that  has  not  been  insulted 
and  trodden  under  foot ;  »  national  right  that  has  not  been  withheld,  tintll 
fear  forced  it  from  the  grasp  of  England ;  of  a  dear,  or  ancient  prejudice, 
thafhas  nut  been  violated  in  that  abused  country'.  As  Christians,  the  peo* 
pie  of  Ireland  have  'been  denied,  under  penalties  and  disqualificatijns,  tbe 
exercise  of  the  rites  of  the  Catholic  religion,  venerable  far  itt  anttquitnf  admi- 
ruble  for  its  unity  ;  and  coruecrated  by  the  belief  of  tome  qfthe  best  men  that 
ever  breathed.  As  meit  they  have  been  deprived  of  the  common  rights  of 
liritish  subjects,  under  the  pretext  that  they  were  incapable  of  enjoying 
vheni :  which  pretext  had  no  other  foundation  than  their  resistance  of  oppress- 
loa,  only  the  more  severe  by  being  sanctioned  by  the  taWs.  (ijf  ^NCLAND 
FlltST  DENIED  THEM  THE  MEANS  OF  IMPKOVEMENT  ;  djP-ANB 


THE  0L[VE.BRANCUPf 


«♦#. 


TUfeV  IKSULT9D  1;HBM  WITH  TU^  IMPUTATION  .QF  UAIUIAn- 

mr*,  ■}■  ■..,,,.  ..,,  ..  ■  ;•   '     .  * 

WjiUf^  tA«  p<iiiBt  'of  clo«iBg  thi#  m^^  I  have  been  furr 
niilml  .f  iU>  a  oolile  eiBiit|iNi,<ui^^j»  tnlyeet,  from  f^ry  Mlgh 
•ttUioti|y«  vJUs  iteriiiig  iqoi^  ailalU  jotUc^  towacillt  the 
oAtien  I  hftTO  4|^M  iovlB^att,  will  warrant lU japerUoaV 
and  an^ply.  e^peniale  the  permwl. 

•  •  ^  ^  •,;^  >  ^  •  •  •^A  dqMndeneJr  of  Owtt  Britain,  OC^  JWourf  *« 

iyjutt  peitqf.  It  woula  argue  penluy  of  huaiMi  feeling,  and  ignoraooe  of  hur 
man  righto,  d^l*  tuimit  paHmttlg  f  th»M  •ppi'ttiifH*.  (ty^Centmift  ham 
iflm»t4int  ikt  ttntfgtu^Jb'0kuuh-iMtt  with  oiuv  pmal  locoeai.  Hebellions 
and  inwrreottoof  ^avc  o«nt)iu^  with  Uit.  smnit  intervalii  of  trviguilitjr. 
Many  of  the  Iriah,  Ijlte  the  F«rnch,  are  thp  hereditary  ibe»  of  (areat,  Britairt. 
(I^Jtmeriea  Ku  opened  her  arnu  to  the  offirevied  of  tM  natUitu.  No  people 
h4re  aYtJIed  tfienMUlyea  of  the  aaylum  with  more  alacrity,  or  in  greater' 
nombeta  than  ttte  Irbh.  i:)' HIGH  IS  THB  MEBD  OV  FRAI8B,  HIGH 
THE  BpWARb^  WlACH  IBISHHEN  HAVE  MERITED  FROM  THE 
GRATITyDB  OF  AMERICA.  AS  HEROF.8  AND  STATESMEN,  THEY 
HONOUR  THiBiBf  ADOPTED  COUNTRY." 

The  above  sqljliipe .  and  oorreot  tribute  of  praiset  is  ex- 
tnoted  froih  the  J?>^at  1^^  S2>,1812«  and 

irorqBH  fi^rt  ofanuiUMiiinoiiii  address  i^^  3ed  to  bv  the/ea«ra( 
members  of  the  trefjiilature  of  Marjmod,  published  la  ooq- 
Mouenee  0/ the  Baltimoro  riots. 

I  have  heean^hly  and  Very  unexpectedly  gratilHed  to  find 
another  advocate  aaddef'^nder  of  the  Irish  nation*  since  the 
pii^lioatip^  9t !l>7  former  ef|ition.  Mr.  Coleniait,  the  editor 
of  theJpw  fork  JKvniln^Fotff,  bears  this  strong  testimony 
is  favo^r  ^f  that  nation*  in  his  j^per  of  the  7th  of  March) 
1816:-.     .,„.  '^     ■' 

"iffocharaet^wnuireettitnable  and  fttjiectable  than  that  of  the  real  In$h 
gtntlenian:  andthote  wAo  htwe  pome  to  reside  amon^  ut,  are  dioHnguiahed  hjf 
theiirbanitjfofthetrnidnilertatidtheUheralityoftheirmindi*' 


CHAPTER  UX. 

Jlddress  to  ihePideifaHtts  of  the  United  sUfea^^ 

Gentlemen,.  •'  - 

AN  attentive  perusal  of  the  prceodtiig  pages,  can,  I  hope, 
hardly  have  failed  to  place  n.o  beyond  the  suspicion  of  the 
despicable  vic^.  flattery— and  must  give  to  my  coramond*.. 
tion  at  least  the  mcpit  of  sincerity. 

•  See  pantphletentitled  "  The  United  States  and  England,"  page  <>9. 

■f  Writtehi  let  it  be  observed,-  in  Nov.  1814.    I  could  not  alter  v.ifs  chapter 
so  as  to  suit  it  to  eiisting  jc'trcumstances     1  therufm-e  let  ,it  remain  as  a  t^sttV* . 
n»oi>y  pf  the  su^lo  uj  the  natioii  fast  autumn,  ■  ,    '" '-  '".  ^ 


1 

il^UGH 

I 

n 

1  'IpHI 

ira 

'Hh 

m 

^'■flll 


TUB  OIJTE  BRANCH* 


I 


Atiw  Iheie  introdaotory  reoMrkt*  I  makfe  m  Mnmie  to 
deolftrt  my  deeided  oonvietion*  thftt  In  pHvAt*  Ufe»  I  know 
of  no  pnrt7»  in  nnoient  or  modorn  hlitoiy,  more  entitled  to 
rei|ie«A«  to  esteem*  to  regnrd*  thon  the  Amerienn  Ibdemliitf 
In  general— in  all  tlie  Mieinl  reladonB«  of  liwbnnde,  pnrenti, 
lirotKen » eliildren  !)nd  (Hende*  Tliete  nre  exeeptionf.  But 
tliey  are  ns  few  m  npnlj  to  any  hoAy  equally  nameroai. 
BNitieal  prejudieet  or  the  widest  diflbrenee  of  opinions*  liu 
never  so  far  dbsenred  my  visual  ray*  as  to  pravent  me  from 
diseeraing*  or  my  raasoniog  fiieulty  from  aeknowledKing* 
tills  strong*  this  honourable  troth—the  more  deeisive  ui  its 
nature*  from  being  pronouieed  \gj  a  poiitieal  opponent 

But*  fellow-eitizens*'  after  this  franli  declaration  in  yoar 
praise  as  to  private  life*  and  for  private  viilne*  let  me  frr ely 
discuss  your  publie  eonduot.  Believe  me  I  mean  not  to  of> 
fendf  1  trust  I  shall  not.  I  address  yon  the  wards  of  truth. 
The  crisis  forbids  the  nse  of  ceremony.  I  hope  you  Mfill  give 
the  8ttli(ject  a  serious  consideration-- and  rr<teive  with  indid> 
genuo  what  emanates  from  candour  and  friendship. 

I  beljeve  there  is  not  to  be  found,  in  the  widest  range  of 
history*  another  instanee  of  a  party  so  en1ightened>  so  int«l« 
ligent,  so  respectable*  and  In  private  life  so  virtuous,  yield- 
ing themselves  up  so  blindly,  so  submissively*  and  with  lo 
oompicte  an  abandonment  of  the  plainest  dictates  of  reason 
and  oonimon^ense*  into  the  hands  of  leaders  so  undeserving 
of  their  cenfidenoe.  In,  and  after  the  days  of  Washington* 
you  8too<l  on  a  proud  eminence— «on  high  and  commanding 
ground.  You  were  the  friends  of  order  and  good  govern* 
ment.  You  wero  trenkMlngly  alive  to  the  honour  of  your 
country.  You  identified  it  with  your  own.  But  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  find  a  more  lamentable  change  in  the  conduct ;,.  any 
body  of  men  than  has  talien  place  with  your  leaders^  The 
mind  can  hardly  conceive  a  greater  contrast  than  between 
a  genuine  Washingtonlan  federalist  of  1700,  1,  i^  .H,  4,  b, 
and  6,  and  the  Bostonian.  who.  covered  with  the  pretended 
mantle  ot  Washington  federalism*  destroys  the  credit  of  hU 
own  government— and  collects  the  metallic  medium  of  the 
nation  to  foster  the  armies  preparing  to  attack  and  lay  it 
"waste.  Never  were  holy  terms  so  prostituted.  Witshiiii;- 
ton  from  Heaven  looks  dowq  with  indignation  at  such  a  vile 
perversion  of  the  authority  of  his  name. 

Let  nie  request  your  attention  to  a  few  facts— >and  to  re- 
fleetions  and  queries,  resulting  from  them-^ 

1.  Your  proceedings  and  your  views  are  eulogized  In  Mon- 
treal, Quebec*  Halifax,  London,  and  Liverpool.  The  Cou- 
rier, and  the  Times*  and  the  Morning  Chroniele,  und  the 
Ledger*  and  the  London  Evening  Post*  and  ail  the  govern- 


THE  OltfVB  BEANOH.^ 


liT 


jitipmakim 


■MUt  MpeM*  «n  load  And  MlfWm  in  tMf 
(P*  TM«  is  an  amftUftM,  ind  ••ght  to  wankt  j4 
y«iir  Mreei*.  •_ 

II.  (j3*J^0W#dHf  HiepMyMifomnilrf  «<Nfct^  O^JI«MI» 
Of  four  eoMrtry  HfM*    Tkfo  b  oiiochtet  nwAil  flMte   It  < 


Mt'fftil  to  foid  tho  IwoH  of  cf  ery  iNiblio  ipMted  mnk  vmmm 
vtib  For  tho  lofe  of  tho  Sod  of  Poooe— -bj  th«  khad^"Ol 
Woibington— by  that  eouotnr  whioh  eaatslnt  oil  jw  ^hMd- 
tuWf  1  oiyiiro  yon  to  weigh  well  thii  lonteBeeMtgi^^ 
dnk  M  fomr  eouiilry  ritti,  Yei>  it  f»  hMtobitablj  m*  It  li 
■  terriie  tod  oppolliDg  trath;  And  QJ*if9u  rm  a»  tftlal 
iaponMng,  Uueftei,  feriuMng,  MrUffed  emmiwif  $Mm. .  -**  I 
nonld  mtber  be  n  dog  and  boy  thO noon*"  thna  ttilndfla  Alf 
•dioas  predioMiient.  <     • 

llli  Had  there  been  two  or  three  rarrendert  like  Gtonenli 
llttir«-f4iad  Copenhageniim  belklleli  New  York,  or  PhiU- 
delphia,  or  Baltiinere,  or  Cbarleltoa-^4lr  had  onr  l^oMtltaA 
tioaif  and  United  Statei*  and  Preridenti,  and  Conit^lhUioafr 
been  tank  or  earried  into  Halifiax*  and  our  Porteri%  and  B^«' 
eaturtt  and  Bainbridget#  and  Perryi,  and  Hnllt,  beim  killed 
or  taken  priionertt  your  ieaderi  would  have  been  i^ro'iliiied 
with  eomplete  sueeett.  They  would  have'  been  waflod  da  li> 
ipring  tide  to  that  power  which  if  **the  God  of  their  Mobile 
try."  (^  Every  event  that  »hed$  Iiletre  on  tht  uraw  9f  dm^- 
nett  ie  to  them  a  defeat.  It  removet  to  a  diitane  «iie  ptiim 
to  which  their  eyes  and  eflTortt  are  directed,  (p^  But  nerfji* 
dreumataneethat  entaila  iHegraee  or  distress  on  the  comiry*' 
whe/Ziei*  it  be  bankrv^ey,  i^tat,  treaehery,  or  ooiearlide^  if 
aiwpieioiie  (o  tlidr  vieiDe.  1 

1^^*  QJ^^CMtr  has  the  sun,  in  his  glorious  course,  tdktfiil>: 
eoeetimodie,  eo  reepeetoble,  so  enUghtened  a  party  as  yon  ah, 
io  the  frightful  situation,  in  whioh  the  ambition  of  your 
leaders,  and  your  own  tame,  thoughtless,  inexplicable  wK- 
quiKSoenee.  Iiaye  placed  yon.  / 

y.  By  fulminatioDs  from  the  pulplf->hy  denunciations: 
from  tiie  press — QOTby  a  profuse  use  of  British  governmmt 
bitU— by  unusual,  unnecessary,  hostile  and  oppressive  drafts 
for  specie  on  the  New  York  banks— and  by  various  other 
unholy,  treasonable,  and  wicked  means,  the  leaders  of  your 
party  ia  Boston  have  reduced  the  government  to  temporary 
banki'uptey — have  produced  the  same  effect  on  our  banks 
—'have  depreciated  the  stocks  and  almost  every  species  of 
property  from  10  to  30  per  cent. 

V 1.  These  treasonable  operations  have  served  the  minse 
of  England  more  effectually,  than  Lord  Wellington  tould 
have  done  with  3O,00O  of  his  bruvest  troops.  They  have 
produced  incalculable,  and  to  many  remediless  distress. 


.•.■■»■ 


-Mil  i 


im 


THBOUVB  MUNCH. 


.  Til.  (jlTJ^er  hox^  libmi  ttriwiJiiaHy  dittroyiil  tkt 
trtM^  |A«  mmtimmtmit  mm  of  iMr  <irtfwfwi  ooeMMaiMif 
i^liMf  <t>  if  i(«  dfiiilrrupeey.* 

I- VIU.  ^ vuui  wh«4lM>AMilMr.nMk  m<I kMb»M4  gtgi 
Mat  iMimtf  wtm  v^aal  JviUm*  klov  oat  his  bnlnt  for  not 
^■llliif  YMkra-4lo«dl«»  ordMMia9»iM^bMMi»vM  iImm  wIm 
fMihM  bMkraBtoy  iMiil|i«t«  thi  iNliikrupt  with  bit  forlwi 
mi'tftmrile  •wemMitwMet.  '  '  ■  ■  r  ■•!'-'^a  /  >r) . -.. 
,  JX.t'TitMUiM other  eoantryiAiha  world*  wh«r«  theie 
prortBodliigi.Wottld  Mtthe  puailhed  tttvofoly-^muiy  eapi. 
!•%.:' >TiBir  gnilt  it  eaormovt*  «i««r».Md  iaditpvtable. 
IVy.atriko  »t  the  nX^ijft  tnd  even  the  exiiteiieet  of  Melety. 
'  jUriBbr  tiie  •edkioo  ww.f  enaetod  by  lome  ••€  thejw  very 
»ea»  mmI  their  foUoweri,  heavjr  finei*  and  tediout  iatpriaoa- 
ttmlu  werel  awarded  against  omneee  ineompatlbly  iaferior. 

.XlU  While  yon  tuboiit  to  leaderif  wheee  enreer  it  le  ini- 
qiriilone*  were  von.  in  prltnte  lire  ai  pure  ae  arehangelt^you 
paHilui  lMt(«Q^  ^^  ^be  guilt  of  ihoie  whom  you  uphold; 
wittlflbipower  of deitrilotkin^ depends  on  your  support;  and 
«libl  jflfttridsbk  into'  insigniftQanoo,  but  for  your  eonntenaaoet 
'1 XII*  If  th»  pretext*)  or  oven  the  strong  belief,  on  the  part 
of  Abe  minorily^  that  n  war»  or  any  other  iMeasure  is  unjuat, 
oaA.  warrant  aueh  a  jaeobinieal,  seditious,  and  treasonable 
ofMiit^OB  as\the  present  war  haa  experieneed^  no  ffovern> 
■nat  ean  exist.  The  minority  in  all  oountries,  uniformly 
^MOineoall  the  measures  they  liave  opposed,  as-  unjust, 
iiij|ehed»  unholy,  or  unoonstitutional-— or  all  united.  . 
vT^ttll*  The  most  unerring  oharaeteristie  of  a  desperate 
fhotion.  is  ({J*  an  uniform  o^pposUion  to  oU  tht  immwm 
fafeftei  Ity  iU.  opponentu,  "iohdhtr  gonA  or  had,  and  QJ^  wHh- 
out  offering  9ub$litutea,  The  more  dangerous  Uie  erisis,. 
and  wt  more  neoessaiT^  the  measures,  the  mere  infallible 
th«  e^iterion. 

XIV*  This  characteristic  exaoUy  and  most  indisputably 
applfos  to  your  leaders*.  The  oountrv  is  on  the  brink  of 
perdKion.  Yet  they  have  opposeil  aud  defeated  every  mea- 
sulre devised  for  our. salvation.  They  appear  determined  to 
deliver  us  tied  hand  and  foot  into  this  power  of  the  enemy, 
mJ(ij|Lthe/4ipu  seize  the  reins  of  governuM^nt. 


*  It  }|  H»pQssib)e  for  lannyige  to  convey  the  contempt  imd  abhorrence  tliat 
*|V|du<e  to  the  cantyig,  winning  speeches  delivered  inconKCCSs  uo  the  bunk- 
rufttiby  of  the  government  by  men  who  were  deeply  giiilty  of  protlucing'  it— 
whose  treasonable  efforts  have  been  crowned  with  sttccess— who  have  large- 
\y  contributed  to.  blut  the  most  cheerin|p  prospects  that  heaven  ever  vouch- 
i^d  ,t9  accord  to  aiv^  of  the  human  race.  T^e  tearf  thus  #hedj  are  exactly 
tvpilied  by  thos^  that  so  plentifully  tall  from  ihe  voraciyus  crocoJile  ovei; 
the  prty  he  is  going  to  devour. 

f  See  chapter  3. 


THB  OLIVE  BBAirCff. 


XV.  Yon  profeti  to  be  diteipitt  of  WMhbgtM.  TM 
Ullo  It  0  glorl6it  one.  Let  ui  teit  tM  prAiMee  virmut 
leedert,  bv  the  holy  maxime  of  Wnthlnfton.  Ho  rni«ca  Ut 
vokse  agnintt-^wnrned  |ott  to  thnU  iiind  p#oiiottMe4  thm 
strongest  eondemmitlon  npon 

1.  All  obitmetloni  of  ntot  kind  loovefr,  to  the  oieontloii 
of  the  Inwi :  •• 

f.  All  eombinaliont  to  direet>  eontroalf  or  •«,  -  ;ho  eoltf' 
•tittttednuthdrities: 

S.  All  intfdiotti  efbrti  to  (f^taedUhotHUtyhehtitiuilu 
dM^renf  weHofur  of  (ke  «n  9n ; 

4.  And*  In  the  most  emphntionl  mnniier,  QH^aU  tUtmgU 
to  Unohe  the  nnion, 

XTI.  But  the  leaden  of  your  narty,  pai>tloolarly1ik  But- 
ton, have 

1.  OpenW  obttmeted  the  execution  of  the  laws 

%*  Combined  to  oontroal  the  oonstHuted  ant  J»ov  Itiei :     •  V 

9.  Actually  exeited  ai  dire  hottility  "Taiatt  the  lont?  fif 
•tateit  In  the  breaits  of  thoie  under'  Xmh'  Influeneo  la  the 
eMtem,  an  exiiti  between  France  and  .Zn^jflandi  and 

*.  Been  oonitantiv  endeavourlDg,  biy  a  seriet  of  the  molt 
inflammatory  and  violent  pnblleatlont«  to  (U*p»efare  the 
mriempeopleftiradissoMidneftheMnion. 

XVII.  In  fine,  all  the  steps  they  take,  and  their  whole 
esttrte  of  proceedings*  are  in  direct  hokilHty  with  the  creed* 
(he  adtloCf  and  the  practice  of  Washington. 

XVIII.  While  you  follow  such  leaders,  you  may  profeM 
to  be  diselples  of  Washington^  but  an  impartial  world  will 
n)Je«tt  yourdaim. 

XIX.  Suppcse  your  leaders  at  Washington  soeeeed  in 
driving  Mr.  Madison  uild  >'>»  other  public  funotionariet 
from  offlecy  and  seize  the H!  :'.  of  government  themselvei* 
what  a  melancholy,  disgraceful  triumph  would  it  not  be,  to 
raise  your  pkrty  on  the  ruins  of  your  form  of  government? 

XX.  Such  an  usurpation  could  not  fail  to  produce  civil 
war.  ,        ,     . 

XXI.  If  your  party  aict  the  example  of  such  atrociottt 
Tiolenoe,  can  you  penuade  yourselves  that  the  **  poiatnUd 
ekaliee**  will  not,  at  no  very  distant  period,  be  "  reCurned  to 
your  own  lips  V* 

XXII.  You  profess  to  desire  peace.  J  firmly  believe  yon 
do.  But  are  divisions,  and  distractions,  and  envenomed  Ike- 
lions,  and  threatened  insurrections,  the  seed  to  sow  for  a 
harvestof  peace?  > 

XXIII.  All  the  sedidous  and  treasonable  measures  adopt- 
ed in  Boston  and  elsewhere,  to  harass,  cripple,  and  embar-^ 
rats  your  government,  have,  previous  to  the  war,  had  an 


•tftf^ 


9k 


THB  mfVE  BRAUCa 


i^Vitabla  ilfiHnimtf  to  «iteUeGrtif  Britain  to  mgitlttei 
«MtrottU  md  iijpitriot  your  oonmeree—- Mid  to'iet  at  d«i« 
•^  ail  AIm  attonipti  to  pkNoonre  redreii— and  linee.  the 
V«r.  dieiD  tend«|oiby  haft  been  to  prnlong"  Ito  ravages.    . 

XXfy.  Are  yon  prepared— ^eaa^  vou  teeeaelle  yourie&ves 
to-inenraK  the  riik^to  tnAr  aU  the  ruinthat  a  revolution 
win  inralUbly  produce,  to  endUe  Rufas  Kln|t  l^nothy 
Fiokerikigt'GbrlttQpher  Uofet  Cyrui  King,  and  Daniel  Web- 
Itor*  to  seize  the  reins  ofgovemmentt  and  exile  *•  to  MUta** 
^^rei^ente  wkh  C^rus  King's  ^eelebrated  «*haUer**  your 
venerable  first  magistrate  ?  Bkippose  they  sueeeed«  what 
will  be  the  advantage  to  yon  indlndually?  ^iM^'h- 


..v.'7^ 


r  plead  not,  felloW  t^ltizens,  Ibrdemoeraf^t  plead  not 
for  federalism.  Their  differenoes  have  sunk  into  utter  ia< 
significanee.  Were  the  contest  between  tliem,  I  should  not 
have  soiled  a  single  sheet  of  paper.  I  plead  against  jaeo- 
biaism<»«I  plead  agaiast  Dsetlon-^I  plead  against  attempts 
to'  f *iaverawe  and  >  oontroul  the  eonstiituted  authorities."  I 
plead  llie.  cause  of  order— ^fgevernment«-ofoivil  and  reli- 
gious liberty.  I  plei^d  fpr  the  best  eonstitutioa  the  world 
eversaiT'-^  plct^^  for  your  own  bMo'ur  as  a  party,  which  is 
in  the  utmost  jeopardy.  I  plead  tuir  your  Ueedingcoaatry, 
whieh  lies  prostrate  and  defenoelesft,  pierced  with  a  thou- 
sand woundijh-i'I  plead  for  yoiir  aged  parents,  for  your  ten- 
der children,  for  your  beloved  Wives,  for  your  posterity, 
whose  fatedepeads  upbn  your  conduct  at  tills  momeaieus 
erisia.  I  plead  for  your  estates  which  are  gcing  iio  rnia. 
All,  all,  loudlly  implore  you  to  withdraw  your  support  fton 
those  who  are  leagued  for  their  deslruction,  and  who  rtmlie 
you  instruments  to  accomplish  their  unholy  purposes.  You 
are  on  the  verge  of  a  gajiing  vortex,  ready  to  swallow  op 
yourselves  and  your  devoted  country.  To  advance  a  single 
step  may  be  inevitable  perdition.  To  the  right' about.  It 
is  the  path  to  honour,  to  safety,  to  glory.  Aid  in.extrics- 
ting  your  country  from  danger.  And  then  if  you  sdeot 
•aim,  and  disimsgionatc,  and  moderate  candidktes  for  public 
office,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  your^uocess.  I  ^nv  firmly 
persuaded  that  nothing  but  the  intemperate  and  unholy  vio- 
lence of  your  leaders  has  prevented  yuu  from  having  that 
share  of  inftuence  in  the  councils  of  the  nation  to  whieh 
your  wealth,  your  numbers,  your  talents,  and  your  virtues, 
give  you  so  fair  a  claim. 

The  constitution  may  be  imperfect.  Every  thing  human 
partakes  of  human  infirmity  and  human  error.  It  lias  pro- 
vided a  proper  mode  of  amendment.  As  soon  as  peace  is 
restored,  and  the  fermentation  of  public  passions  has  »iib- 


THE  OLIVE  BRANCH. 


•a 


•idedf  let  the  real  or  i uppoied  defeott  be  brought  liiirl/ 
forward  and  lubinllted  to  the  legislaturesf  or  to  a  eonven- 
(ioDf  at  may  be  judged  proper.  But  while  the  vessel  of 
state  is  on  rooks  and  quieksftttds*  let  us  not  madly  spend  the 
time*  whioh  ought  to  be  devoted  to  seeure  her  and  our  sal^ 
v»tion»  in  the  absurd  and  ill  timed  attempt  to  amend— in 
other  words  to  destroy^^the  charter  party  under  whioh  she 
sails.  ^ 

May  the  Almighty  Disposer  of  events  inflame  your  hearts 
•-i«nlighten  your  understanding— and  direct  you  to  the  pro- 
per course  to  steer  at  this  momentous  crisis !  And  may  he 
extend  to  our  common  country  that  leracious  blessing  which 
brought  her  safely  through  one  revolulion»  without  entailing 
on  us  the  frightful  curses  inseparable  from  another ! 


POSTSCRIPT. 

January  9*  1815. 

As  the  apprehensions  on  the  subject  of  the  dissolution  of 
the  union,  whioh  are  repeatedly  expressed  in  this  book,  and 
whioh  have  led  to  its  publication,  are  treated  by  many  as 
ohimerloal<~and  as  the  result  of  the  Hartford  convention, 
just  published,  appears  to  countenance  the  idea  that  the 
danger  is  overrated,  the  writer,  in  justification  of  his  fears, 
limply  states,  that  even  admitting  that  the  leading  men 
to  the  eastward  do  not  contemplate  a  dissolution  of  the 
union,  it  does  not  by  any  means  follow  that  we  are  safe 
from  such  an  event,  while  the  public  passions  are  so  con- 
stantly excited,  and  kept  in  such  a  high  state  of  fermenta- 
tion. It  is  an  easy  process  to  raise  commotions,  and  pro- 
voke seditions.  But  to  allay  them  is  always  anluous— .often 
impossible.  Ten  men  may  create  an  insurrection — which 
one  hundred,  of  equal  talents  and  influence,  may  be  utterly 
unable  to  suppress.  The  weapon  of  popular  discontent, 
easily  wielded  at  tlie  outset,  becomes,  after  it  has  arrived 
at  maturity,  too  potent  for  the  feeble  grasp  of  the  agents 
by  whom  it  has  been  called  into  existence.  It  hurls  them 
aad  those  against  whom  it  was  fir:it  employed,  into  the 
same  profound  abyss  of  misery  and  destruction.  Whoever 
requires  illustration  of  this  theory,  has  only  to  open  any 
page  of  the  history  of  France  from  the  era  of  the  na- 
tional convention  till  the  comnienccment  of  the  reign  of 
Bonaparte.  If  he  be  not  convinced  by  the  perusal,  "*  he 
weula  net  be  convinced,  though  one  were  to  rise  from  the 
dead.'' 

S  8 


il  i'iil 


i''*ii 


''       %'V 


JV 


# 


Hi 


,t-  "f      -  ■  V> 


TI 

enced,u 
I  respect 

They 
slightly 
are  of  v 
luHion. 

Inthii 
precedes 
any  undi 
andregai 
ceededf  i 

Irequ 
ou$  subj 
may  be  a 
tomislea 

^  ■  * 

Marc 


APPBinilX. 

THE  hvown^  reception  this  work  has  iexpeit- 
enced,  induces  me  to  make  a  few  additions  to  it»  which 
I  respectAiUy  submit  to  my  feUow-citizens. 

They  embrace  topics  mostly  untouched,  or  at  least 
slightly  handled  in^the  original  woik.  Some  of  them 
ate  of  vit^  impoitance  to  the  dearest  interests  of  the 
nation. 

In  this  portion  of  the  publication,  as  well  as  in  what 
precedes  it,  I  have  endeavoured  to  divest  myself  of 
any  undue  bias.  1  have  pursued  truth  undeviatinglyy 
and  re^ffdless  of  consequences.  How  for  I  have  suc- 
ceededy  the  reader  must  judge. 

I  request  a  catidid  and  f^  examination  of  the  vari- 
oub  subjects— and  that  my  ern)rs,  whatever  they  be, 
may  be  ascribed  to  any  odier  cause  than  an  intention 
to  mislead,  of  which  I  feel  myself  utterly  incapable. 

M.  C. 

Marcb  31,  1815. 


mi'' 


^ 


K 


•  ■>(-         y..>    yr 


-*m^'-^', 


\  '> 


*!^''  t^'^'^"'*'' 


(.mihmmf' 


tOt^ 


I '.  \    r-f)  ..i»     \i(  .a  ..?.     ■nmt$-f^^ii,t^s(f. 


%m-.i*; 

V  VI. *f 

...1 

. ,     s' 

.'  1  t.i^ 

r            -.. 

;v^ 

■'n 

H^^ 


•i^y  i 


APPSKDIX. 


a#f 


■^A.  .^-i 


\ 


CHAPTER  IX 


/ 


BirUtBhm*:lUtry,  MttriM  from  the  ejoawmiUi&tiM  bistre 
the  Bouierf  Canmons,  Euinoui  effuils  of  the  peUey  of 
GraU  Britain  on  the  vital  inUreate  of  that  nation* 

That  iko  Tiolatioii  of  the  riglili  of  the  United  Statei  bj 
the  ofden  in  conneilg  required  to  be  realtted  by  our  gorem- 
mentt  will  not  be  denied,  by  the  mo9t  streniuMit  oppoier  of 
the  ndmittistm^ion.  And  that  every  peaeeable  meant  of 
obtaining  redreas^  ought  to  be  folly  tried  before  a  reeonree 
to  war,  will  be  admitted. 

Appeals  to  the  homiur  and  Jnstioe  of  the  Brilfsh  gOTenii> 
ment  had  been  repentedlyinade.  Our  niinittert  hw  pre- 
sented Turiotts  remonstranoet  on  the  MJul^eet.  Hiey  had 
been  in  Tain.  No  redress  had  been  vouDhsafed.  Our  inju- 
ries had  increased  in  vfolenee.  Other  mtens  were  necessary. 
Pbrhaps  no  nation  but  onr  owUf  who^«  policy  is  eminent^ 

Saeifie*  would  have  hesitated  on  the  su||set*  Wart  hnrr^ble, 
eAtnibtivi)  war,  would  early  hnve  fe^en  the  resort.  But 
with  a  most'  laudable  regard  for  hfinatt  life,  and  human 
happiness— with  a  view  to  prevent  the  eamage,  the  de- 
moralization Of  war,  our  govemmeni^had  recourse  to  variouis 
paoifie  measures  to  enforce  redretj^ 

Great  Britain  is  a  manuraotnrin|f  and  eommereial  nation. 
Upon  her  manufactures  depends  if  a  great  degree  her  com- 
merce. Both  are  indispensible  jiiot  merely  towards  her 
Erosp^^rity,  but  her  i^ecurity^  her  ^ry  existence.  We  asked 
ut  simple  justice.  It  was  believed,  and  on  the  strongest 
ground  of  reason  and  policy,  tlat  it  could  be  rendered  h«r 
injterest  to  cease  her  grons  viokt^ns  of  our  rights.  The  efibrt 
was  most  meritorious.    It  is  worthy  of  future  imitation. 

The  American  market  wasisr  the  best  in  the  world  for 
Great  Britain.  Our  importvfrom  that  country  had  risen 
to  the  enormous  sum  of  above /o,000,000  of  dollars*  in  ayear. 
It  had  been  stea«lily  improviig.    The  punetuality  of  our  im- 

*  By  a  report  of  Alexander  HamUon,  Esq.  secretary  of  the  treasury,  dated 
December  23, 1793,  it  appears  th^  at  this  very  early  period,  in  the  infiuicy 
•f  our  government,  we  imported  torn  the  British  dominions  the  preceding 
year  .....  £15,285,428 

Whereas  our  exports  were  onl;  •  *.  •  9,363,416 


Leaving  in  favour  of  Great  Bitain  a  balance  ot' 


85,923,012 


'?  _  k 


M# 


THEOLErBjnUNOH. 


mrters  bad  ezeelle4  that  of  anj  of  the  other  euatoBion  of 
Englwqid.  A  ooniiderable  part  of  the  trade  had  for  aumt 
tlBM  been  trantaetcd  for  !>>e&dy  mamj, 

Ai  a  large  portion  of  Ote  eontinenil  arEurope  had  been  at  U 
were  hermetioally  teak<$  ts>  ^f^i'itjIiKb  itrade^  it  wa»  rationally 
wemmed,  that  if  the  i^ltertiatiTo  vera  y.t.'^*\  out  to  Great 
iNritaidr  eiilMir  t<»  cease  lit^r  viod^tiou  ol  »Mr  tkbts,  or  t^ 
^iMt  »ur  trade^  she  voaM  eertaioly  seltet  the  wpiiier, 
Fatilllj  ot'  the  MJbideit  ohiuraeler  alone  could  have  bfiiH)lted 
.in  iheehokc> 

.  I  have  strong  doubts  whether  nny  rdmLtistration  of  any 
age*  Bfir  displajv^d  <»  iiif^her  degree  of  (lutrimaous  fijrfly^ 
aljid  !ij(}urv  to  tlie  v|t»l  intereita  of  its  ovn  ooii^tiy*  Eveiy 
motlfe  of  ^udeir^je  mi  policy  d.  •(  ited  to  Enjuandt  af  aip 
Imperiotts  and  pMmniQunt  dutj>  to  treat  dwrirttited  Stajtei 
Willi  UadBeMtlihewlity*  and  nt^tiM.  Every  fair  nesw 
ought  to  hate  been  employed  to  eoMMliate  our  dtizeas*  fiq4 
to  indiioo  them  to  bnry  the  anlnosities  of  the  revolniion  in 
utter  otdivion.  Smeh  a  liberal  eourse  of  proceeding  would 
haTe  been  produetire  of  immense  advantages  ^  hj^c  4w^it 
interests 

The  trade  of  th)^  country  was  the  main  buttreiJi  tbiit 
propned  np  the  totterijuj;  fabne  of  British  paper  credit*  and 
iiiniished  means  to  npienish  the  veins  of  thelMidy  coqimer- 
eial  and  flwineial>  wobh  had  been  sn  ruinously  pUehptomix- 
ed  by  the  lancet  of  sabidies  to  foreign  powers*  and  suffibi;^ 
■0  UMich  by  the  starvaion  of  the  continental  system. 

It  requires  but  a  curlpry  ezaminati<i»n  of  the  whole  tenor 
of  the  conduct  of  DnglsMly  towards  this  oountrr,  to  be  satis- 
iled  that  it  has  been  steidily  nnd  uniformly  the  reverse  of 
what  a  wise  statesman  w^d  have  ad<^ted.  The  predatory 
and  lawless  orders  in  couieil,  so  clandestinely  issued  against 
American  commerce*  **inuing  upon  the  nnproUeki  tf*^- 
perty  of  a  friendly  powV'*-*'the  ^anton*  cruel*  barba- 
rous and  unprecedented  ieizures  of  our  citizens  on  the 
high  seas — the  eountenanoel,  the  flagitious  forgery  of  our 
ships'  papers,  advertised  il  their  Gazettes*  and  defended 
in  parliament— the  blockad<^  of  our  ports* .  and  capture  o| 


iaiio 


S4»698,r35 
2.08<,348 


jf  Oar  esporU  to  the  French  domiiiloDs  for  the  same  year 

were  ^  •  \  •         -      . 

■?^  And  the  imports  only  .   \.v«v»,i.     ^        .        >v 

.  l/eaying  a  balance  in  favour  of  the  Uated  States  of 

\'  ■ 

*  See  Boston  memorial,  signed  by  Jaih^  Lloyd,  jun.  David  Green,  Arnold 
Welles,  David  Sears,  John  Coffin  Jones,  (^rge  Cabot,  and  Thomas  H.  Por- 
l^ins,  for  and  in  behalf  of  the  whole  body\>f  the  mercantile  citizens  of  fhkt 
tpwn. 


\J- 


-^"^    AVPEimiX. 


iw 


ffHmk  htmnA  in  and  oii— the  thRnefttl  tiolatioBt  «f  «ar 
ilglilt  of  Mverelgntj  withte  the  llMiti  deehurei  taend  h^ 
the  law  of  nationi— the  mvrder  ef  Featee  ia  oae  of  oar  hw- 
Ii6ar»«-aiid  the  total  aegleet  of  all  oar  aMlleathmi  iw 
r^ren  of  tiiete  grlevaaee»,f  were  m  utteny  impoUtiO'  aa 
they  were  a^Jatt  M  iagitioaa.  It  ii  impoiitble  toeoheeive 
of  a  eovrte  w  eoodoet  inore  eompletely  mailieil  by  aa  atter 
4B&!<tntfoa  of  reaeoaf  oonmon  ieBie»  JatdeOf  regard  to  die 
Uiw  cf  aatloBt^  or  a  oooad  aad  ealarged  view  of  the  true  aad 
vital  latereste  of  the  British  nation.  It  reqairet  no  aagaei- 
ty  tb  foretee  the  tentenee  hiitory  wttl  pronounee  en  this 
ait«eraUe»  thit  hairatilntf  eytteaik  UnqaWlled  rehroha- 
tidn  awaits  It*  as  well  as  tts  anthers  aad  abettors.  It  waa 
cttleolated  to  soar  aad  alienate  the  fHedds  of  Ea^nd*  aad  to 
iaerease  thri  hostility  of  her  eaeniies— to  treble  the  infln- 
enee  of  the  latter*  and  proportionably  to  diminish  that  of  the 
ftnner. 

The  eondttot  of  Fraaoe  had  been  in  many  piriatB  io  ntterly 
iadeftniiiUe>  so  great  a  tiolation  of  oar  riwtSy  and  of  the 
plainest  dietates  of  jnstiee»  that  had  Great  Britiidtt  eondttoted 
towards  us  with  even  a  moderate  share  of  decenoy  or  propri- 
eiy»  she  might  hare  readily  arrayed  thih  nation  in  hosniity 
i^|ihist  hisr  graad  enemy  seven  years  ago.  The  sole  rea- 
son that  nrevented  an  earlier  declaratioa  of  war  against  nmt 
orthe  otner'itf  the  belligerents  was»  diat  it  would  have  been 
madness  to  attack  both»  aad  eaeh  had  so  atrociously  oat- 
in^^  aad  injured  ns*  that*  in  the  strongt  dear*  and  Just 
hutgnage  of  Governor  Griswold,  **  such  had  been  the  charae- 
ter  of  both,  that  no  ektumstanee  could  justify  a  prtfereuee 
ti  eirher.*'  This  Important  and  irreslstibie  declaration  was, 
as  t  have  alrehdy  stated,  made  to  the  legislature  of  Connee- 
tiCttt,  on  the  ISth  of  May,  181S. 

The  annalB  of  commerce  do  not,  I  believe,  furnish  an  in- 
stance of  one  nation  enj<^ng  so  lucrative  a  trade  with 
another,  as  England  maintained  with  this  eountiy,  as  weU 
for  extent,  as  fw  immensity  of  advantage.  We  fiirnished 
her  with  the  most  valuable  raw  materials  for  her  manafae-' 
turcs,  and  received  In  return  for  dicse  materials  the  ma- 
Bufaotured  articles,  wrouf^t  up  often  at  10, 20, 30  or  40  fold 
advance  of  value.  It  is  hardly  possible  to  conceive  a  more 
giinful  commerce.  A  Sully,  or  a  Colbert,  or  a  Ximenes, 
or  a  Chatham,  would  have  oberisbed  such  a  trade  as  **the 
offlU  of  hie  ey^**-^anA  shunned  with  horror  every  thing  in 
the  least  oaleulated  to  in^air  or  destroy  it. 

t  Bedress  of  grieraneea  was  not  only  nerer  afforded— but  in  almost  evety 
instance,  tii^«ffi««rs  wk»  perp^tfttoA  the  gtmtcK  outra^,  were  absolutely 
proinotpl> 


?r:1;.  ; 


1f    v.  ?  I 


U9 


THE  OOVB  JMUIKOH. 


\ 


I     / 


For  efiBnmTmble  pnrp^ie,'w«  w«i«  lltci«llj«iliilti«f 

um%  tbit  a^r  mtimi'  |iii  etwt>  4erlv«d  frMn-MioiiiMy  irHk>> 
ow  tlk0;«ip«iiieoMHeci  or  •miet'lbt  'o«r^|lllolMtlaK 


And  *i^'l|lroii|(  bit  beenMd  !•  th«  partiftlky  of  Jirm  m«. 
pbrttoM  of  oar  eitiseni  for  EogUiV  hablto*  Md  BigUib 
nimitot  dad  Bnslit^  fbibioiit )  osd  lueb  it  tbo  dovotitB  of 
a  lfU|s^  nanber  off  our  preiMi  ud  oor  Utorarj  jiOB»  oodow 
piil|pltti;  to  tb«  dofMwe  MkdjQttidootlni  of  Bitogbuiil*  tbot  it 
rcN|nlrM  bnt  lijltle  core  to  novo  raiUotolnod  her  InBttoneo 
bete  vhblijr  ooimpiiNd.  Jf»  notwitbtttndbig  took  u^ini* 
ttttliliK,  ana  Intttltmi^^  and  prodtttoiy  tyttom^i'ibe  pmiMd* 
sho  flUl  retained  m^ many* warm,  aealous»  and  mflaentiil 
partikalii  here>  what  might  the  not  liavodonei  had  ahe  par- 
sued  a  tyttem  of  liindnest  and  eonciUation  I 

Her  imiiiiterji  abandoned  tlie  noUe,:iawfiKl»  imvieaiOy  and 
^rioh  trade  with  thii  eoiintry>  for  a  ndaorable  trade  of  laiag* 
riingyiiot  one-tenth  inamoant  dr-vaittef'SBd  retliDgupon 
uie  piettiferoot  and  liateftti  b»«it  of  forgery /  and  pedur}> ! 
Alat!  ^t  the  ailhirs  of  mlgbty  natione  •hould  Ilali  hito 
moh.baadfi! 

t  eannot  resist  the  teniptation  of  enriehing  tbb  page-«-of 
embidliiing  it  with  tlie  gioiiring  and  tiubiine  eloqueaeo  of 
Hentrj  Broa||^iam>  Etqr.  II.  P.  on  tiiii  anexbattetiblo  topie. 

**  Go«|  God!  tha^incunbk  perrenenesi  6f  vomiM  jfolly  \  ahhqM  tuMag 
after  thlt^i^aatiiM  b^yond-tiw'li^  VMch,  oCdoulMfal  worih,  md^iiiiBrediuUe 
pamiit,  and  nq^ting  obj^cti  of  umn  snae  valne^  becauae,  ^  addltum  to  tbair 
own  importance,  thev  liave  noe  reconunendat!c<|  wbidi  would  makie  meaner 
thuri  deairablfs-that  Ut^  oan  tie  easHy  obtamcx!  wdhdn^itljaa  wellai 
juatfy  etjoyed !  i't  iathla  ndaer«Me,  abiftiair,  doubtful  hatefttftraflie,tiiat 
we  pieftr,  to  th«  turtf  rerulati  inc  mating  hrnmf  jmm  <^«Aa«r<am  cmmertti 
to  a  trade  Wbich  ia  placed  beyond  tbe  enemy'^  reaqit.  wpicb  beiidea  enbircling; 
ourselves  in  peace  and  honor,  only  beiMfits  those  who  avebur  natdral'firiends, 
over  whom  he  has  no  controul/'  *  ■*  *  **  which  supports  it  once  all  that  re* 
mains  o'  liberty  beyond  the  seas,  and  givea  Ufe  and  vigour  to  Ha  main  {nllar 
within  the  realm,  the  manu&otures  and  commerce  of  GD|^a|nd."* 

"  I  have  been  drawn  aude  from  the  course  of  my  statement  'itspecUng 
tfi^importapce  of  tbo  commerce  which  we  are  sacrin^iiag  to'thode  lAeie 
t»iim.nies,  t  can  call  inem  nothing  else,  respecting  our  abstract  rights.  That 
commerce  is  the  whole  American  market,  a  branch  ^  m^f.if*  eampaiutn 
•/•»/a%  vhethergmi  rtgardU»«t0:ent^iti  cerlmnty,  ar  itt pngrttaveinereiue, 
every  other  sitiha  into  intignijlcatue.  It  is  a  market  which  in  ordinary  Mmth 
may  take  off  about  thirteen  mllioot  vorth  o/our  tnanufaetunt  t  imdf  in  itelidi« 
nesB  and  regularity  it  is  imrivaled.# 

"  The  returns  indet;d  are  as  sure,  and  the  bad  debts  as  few,  as  they  used 
to  be  even  in  the  trade  to  Holland.  These  returns  are  also  grown  much  mori 
speedy.  Of  this  you  have  ample  proof  before  you,  from  the-  witnesses  who 
have  been  examined,  who  have  all  said  tiiat  the  payment  was  now  as  quick  as 
in  any  other  line — and  that  the  Americans  often  prefisrred  making  ready  mo* 
ney  bai^ains  for  sake  of  the  discount."^  >  . 

V    *  Speech  in  parliament,  June  16. 1812,  Huladelplxia  edition,  page  S9: 
t  Nearly  sixty  miUions  of  dollars. 
f  Idem,  page  24.  $  Idem,  page  35. 


i^y'jkMmmmu 


;,•!,» 


bUM—tm  liw»  Ant  «Ih>  TlUplelMM^if  «liMi  I-iffl^  4t 


eiUll«s  its  MtlMin  to  the  inovt  uiqiiiJifieqapiKolNUiMMioC 
tMr^ftli«iAfitlMt«i  MMl  of  poaterily^^Mwl  V^«^  J>U^ 
will  ^Iht' JMtlw  tlm  ii^pf»l0f<il  MteaiMpriw  Iftve.^ 
iiM»  ii«tt»fai«d  wkk  lidioiriftttiMleoiHvttpt  ltt|dt«i«itiyy 
at IMilltti AMliaabMMe^ mA »tt«ff|j iieibitiirii*  itt  •?«*%* 
tiw  OBOB  Englaad.  v»  c  ' 

J»tk  ^UMoiMrMd  Mbv  Md  nMMhiiM»  «£  irliMi  tliieai 
WBMi^aiMigr  fwaUcltf  the  BrlUili  vUsiitiy  ^rtefered  ia 
theif  tti^iitt  qr«lM|i  toimv^  thU  emiiitrjt  Minljtbtlu^aliV 
itAtdMlnMtlve  effeete  mrilie  littl  .Uiterettt  of  tMtr  oini» 
'HHir  «ioit^'fal«afclp>  lad  inffiirtMii  «iMwflMtiiMt  wi$re>l 
IwwdfaeJ  ill  their  miamUMtareM  redaoed  to  beggMV  ^ 
rti»~<«  vegalar  trade  avonntioK  to  .iO,Qtfu,000  of  iollafe 
MBMllvf.eiit  eflU-und  ^e  toiiveee' dried  H]^  f^om  Whence, 
thqif frhMiMU%  deriivd  the'meiipe  of  subiidisiaig  fbreic<|,« 
j^i^io  to  ighUhiir  bBttlei. 

Ib  «aiB  did  the  wiieitMid^  best  of  the  people  of  Eii|^BBd  . 
eirt«r  ^ir  awit  solemn  protest  omlntt  the  orders- in  conn* 
si|-4h«t  BidieniMe  sjstew,  <«  whieh  egr«|p#B8  MIV  ond 
nuq^iit  mastiff  were  stumpotl  in  tb^^  mo0t  legible  ebirie. 
tsn.  ibi  v|iB  <lid  the  stanrins  worknieB-i^the  Impovci^hedl 
■Milllhetinreff  implore  the  «dministnUion  for  relief,  lliey ' 
were  donf  at>  the  adders  whose  ea^a#6  ^losedrto  the  fBiee 
of  the  eh|irnMir»  ehann  he  neirrr  so  Wisefy. 

M  lepd^,  in  the  sprfaig  of  iaiS»  4he  pobUe  sufferings  had 
ukuop  iiidreBsed*-aiM  the  elamoar  for  redress  was  so  oiH* 
versal,  ^t  the  Britis^  ministrpr  were  impetaously  driven  to 
submit  to  institute  an  inquiry  m  parliamrot  Into  the  opera^ 
tiaa  andi  offsets  of  the  eiders  in  couneil.  This  measure  was 
adspt^  With  a»  ill-grace*  and  not  until  the  most  serious  and 
ahirmlpe  riots  and  insurreetions  bad  occurred  in  sevemU 
parts  of^ngland. 

The  ezaminatipn  Was  benin  on  the  S9(h  of  April*  1812^ 
and  eontiiined  till  the  iSth  of  the  following  June..  Witnesses 
were  examined  from  most  parts  of  England.  The  evidenee 
uniformly  wcmI  undevialingly  eoneurred  to  prove  how  trans- 
fleuduntly  important  was  the  American  trade  to  the  manu- 
facturers of  Great  Britain — how  awfully  calamitotts  the 

T  t 


tfO^ 


l^HE  aUItB  MUNCH. 


eeM|iU0|i  of  thil  tr>4o  Hd  btw  tad  the  mtierftblt  ftUktf 
of  MB  adhereM*  to  the  ordeirt  ki  ooomU.  «ia..4Mt  moo 
flffafijlt  crtnl  iNMlMitaMe  from  iU  'urjf  Jint  i»m,^  ike 
mmim^imf  anM  nun  lune  hem  tmy  frMioiMMie  on 

*  Tli«  Mloiitot  of  the  omniiiAUon*  at  pnUlilMd  hgr  oider  of 
parUMnont.  Ibm  a  poaderoai  folio  voluaio  of  aearly  700 
paaoB*  atod  oxiiibit  a  IVlahlful  plotaro  of  the  retulti  of  tko 
■foltlor  aad  abnn^  |^Uoy  #lileli  diotalad  tlM  ordon  la 

OOUBOil. 

To  tho  Ualted  States  tbU  ii  a.  laiyeoC  of  ImMOBio  Inpor- 
taaoo.  Onr  fbrai  of  goTernmeot-^or  deareit  latoroit*— 
tho  habiti,  and  inoliaaUoaft  aad  manaora  of  our  people,  Itid 
VI  to  paruio  a  paelfto  poliey.  And  If  there  be  aa  eflbetml 
infttrnment  whereby*  without  war,  we  ean  extort  Juttiee 
fh»ni  nitloai  wbioh  violate  our  rlghti*  or  oSbr  ai  outrage*  It 
aflbrdi  adtUtional  and  Invaluable  Mourity  for  the  pennaneBM 
of  the  blotted  ttate  of  peaee.  IWhIle  we  eaa  make  it  pre-enl- 
nent^y  the  interett  of  thote  natlont  with  whieh  we  have  ii- 
tercourtOf  to  reefprooate  kimlnett  and  jnttioe,  we  may 
leeitoiably  oaleulate  upon  their  pursuing  that  detiraUe 
eourfee. 

To  evlnee>  therefore»  the  effloaey  of  tho  io-maeh-abai«l 
reitriotive  tyttem*' I  tubmlttothe  reader  a  few  oxtra^b 
from  the  evidence  given  before  the  houae  of  Qommonif  of 
Its  offsott  on  the  dearett  Interdttt  of  Great  Britain. 

AiMril  ao,  1813. 

Mr.  THOMAS  POTrS,  merchant,  of  Jfimiiijfham.'-rrom  30,000  to 
25,000  Nien  in  Birminghain,  who  (0*  have  now  onig  Aa{^w«rJb.  Gentrol  Mule 
of  the  tvun  extremeljf  depreend,  and  the  diatreu  widvereai.  Mamtfaetwrert 
have  been  keepinr  their  men  empleged  in  creating  eteek  nearlg  H  the  extent  rf 
their  capital,  anamangef  them  ate  in  eeineegnience  in  extreme  dMenMee.  If 
no  favourable  cbangt  taketf^plaee,  Ute  manuJaoturer*  will  be  obligvd  within 
two  mnnthi  to  diamin  two>tiiirda  of  their  bands,  and  some  of  them  the  whole. 
Lam  quantities  of  Birmingham  ipiods  have  been  lying  in  liverpobl,  waitinr 
fb^  shipment  for  13  to  15  months  past.  ([I^The  AmeHoan  markett  a  itea^ 
and  meraaeinf  sue,  and  the  pagmente,  wMc4  home  been  regmbtrfy  impfeving,  iMw 
verygoed.  Since  the  prohibition  in  America,  goods  have  beqi  sent  to  Cuiada: 
but  they  have  been  sold  there  for  less  than  their  cost  hi  the  manufacturisi: 
towns.  Has  tried  the  South  American  market  with  very  indiiferent  suc(ieM ; 
and  has  concluded  never  to  make  another  shipment  to  that  country^  u  he 
believes  those  shipments  have  not  yielded  35  per  cent.  Manufactures  in 
America  have  made  an  alarming  progress  within  two  years  i  but  thinju  thst 
it  the  intercourse  was  speedily  thrown  open,  they  would  be  effectually  check, 
ed.  Watdd  thip  hie  geodt  to  America  the  mement  the  erdere  in  eevntU  «in-« 
reteituled,  havuiig  positive  and  speciAc  instructions  from  bis  cofrespondents 
to  that  effect  Knows  houses  in  Birmin^am,  who  have  goods  ready  to  siiip 
to  America,  whici  cost  them  70,000r  50,000<1  45,0002.  25^00/.  30,000/.  and 
workmen  have  emi|;rated  from  Birmingham  to  America.  Bku  no  doubt  that 
if  the  •fmrncon  trade  vat  opened^  the  wetreu  in  Bindngham  vettid  inttaitt^ 
ffaae. 

Mr.  WnXlAM  BLAKEWAY,Lamp  Manufacturer,  of  J^rmt'fwAaffk— Goods 
principally  sent  to  America.    Tntde  so  much  diminished  t)ut  He  would  hartx 


»«. 


AVraNHQL 


tim^  hto  bMbm  ^atoMthw.  kMl  ii  not  bMii  Ibr  n|u^ 
bv wntmh6 luM btMtn  laTnint noMjr Ibr tvmtv yem.  . Stook m oMiduoear, 
i»il«<«d  UiM  HMriv  the  whda  oT  hii  capital  la  abaovbed  by  H.  Unim  tk§' 
i»m9rkamkmrtMt  Utpmud,  numtt  kttf  m  Mt  ktmkMt  m  HaaMdlMlo 
bwM  th«  Miflbrbga  oNiia  vrofkman  hbnaalf,  but  witt  b«  wnapelM  toUa. 
chaifa  tbebi,  however  icliietant  to  do  ac.  ih«  tturt$,  ttn  imAtmd  Mttaf 
Ai  v»t  ^kn  lmt*0t.  Raoollaota  the  aeareitj  bilSUO  and  IMli  bitt  tto 
dMken  wit  not  tt  all  equal  to  tha  pwaant,  beoMiaa  there  WM  plenty  of* 


Jfr.  lAMFJ  BTLANIO,  of  Binnin|b«in,  manafaetorar  of  plated  e^aeh  bar. 
mjrid  akldk  ftiniUire^r-Olj^  PHMeUmlpait  •fht»  mtmtfa^wf  aarJoHiMr  M 
tht  Wttd StatM,    twiwm  to  1808  the  expok waave^ ebnaMeAMi  anS 


tht  UtdHd  Stattt,    tm'vitm  to  1808  the  expok  waa  my  ebnaideAbli  anJI 
increaain^^  the  ratuma  prompt,  and  payment  aure.    Woiianen  who  IbrmiT^ 


eaiHad*  30  to  40b.  |»er  week,  now  get  about  Vk.  and  thoae  wfw  Hand  t»  get 
30i.  nmrMm  about  11  or  13i.  Skikmt  Uadtd  wM  Mae*,  mut  Ongnatwpmn 
(^ki»  eafi$Ql  abmrttdin  U.  Two-thirda  pf  the  workmen  employed  bi  thi« 
buuneea  mutt  be  diachuved,  if  Im  favourable  change  takea  pUee.  QCT*  Anc« 
tke/aUnf0f^iht\immMit  matket,  hat  •ptntd  a  hmm  in  htntdtm^  htu  liiu 
fimd  «•  mmnptntmjktkthg  H  tht  torn  marktt  thath$ha»  I«m  abU  f  tarry 
it  m  w'^  vrjf  lUtk  nutM$.  Q^  Pnvitiut  f  the  §r4tr»  te  ttmuU,  tht  trade 
itm inn  vtry  JUutithhsg  itutti  they  were  ftill  of  qrdera,  and  their  men ftill 
6f  wore.  Haa  received  no  relief  ftrom  tlie  South  American  market  t  wA 
(d**  hntnt  tM  markttttwd  tt  that  tfthe  UtdUd  Stattt,  ftr  tht  ndt  tfthit  awi* 
nn^tmmt.  ■  .^v.  ij,. 

May  4i  1813. 
Mr.  JSREMIAH  ItlDdUT,  merchant,  of  Birmingham.*-llaa  gooda  to  the 
nhte4>f  iiO,000/:  prepared  for  the  American  marfc^  which  ht  wmttd  intlmtily 
iMp  if  tht  ordirt  in  etnndt  wnv  rwMMd,  being  tt  advimd  bg  hit  pmtntr  in 
Jiitrita,  Tho  workmen  very  much  diatreased:  **  I  have  aaen  people  a)ied 
tMn(  I  have  confined  myaeli  behind  the  door  for  fear  of  aeefaig  tbpae  peo- 
pe,  leat  they  ahould  importune  me  to  ghre  them  Mdera  i  they  nave  t9ld  me 
tii^  did  not  Imow  what  to  do.  One  man  aaid,  what  can  I  do  ?  iflgotothe 
magiatrate  he  will  tell  me  to  go  for  a  addier  1 1  am  a  married  man,  and  God 
knowa  what  I  muat  do  unleaa  I  ateal,  and  then  1  ahall  go  to  Botany  Bay.**  I 
40  tM>t  lifcie  t^  hear  aueh  worda,  I  cannot  bear  it. 

,  4lri  QfiORCte  BOOM,  japaiiner,  of  Birmingham,  haa  manufkotured  prin* 
oipally  for  America,  which  »ihe  bett  n":.rket  litever  knew,  afttr  trying  every 
mt*  Woikmen  in  genecd  have  not  more  tluui  half  work.  Haa  tried  the 
boihe^^adei  |  but  the  competition  ia  ao  grea^  and  pricea  ao  much  reduced  that 
it^wai  not  worth  going  after.  Haa  found  very  little  relief  firom  the  trade  to 
Sicily  and  Portugal,,  which  i|  the  only  forei^  European  trade  they  have  had, 
m  which  diMt  net  bttar  any  thing  like  o  '■■imf'ariton  tt  tht  American  iradf. 
I);0BB  600  to  IQOp  handa  employecl  in  thia  h',ur<T^'^  in  Birminghnm  alipne :  and 
titere  are  great  manu&ctoriea  in  Bilaton  ard  Wuiv-erhampton. 

Mr.  BOBBRT  FIDDtAN,  manufacturer  «>t  l^aaa  candleaticka,  &C.  at  Bir> 
aiiaghami  chiefiy  for  home  consumption.  Trade  much  diminiahed  within  tlip  ' 
lut  la  monthi,  and  earning*  of  workmen  reduced  one  fourth.  Had  a  conver* 
tttion  with  aome  of  his  men  on  the  subject  of  dismisaion  s  they  entreated  him 
not  to  dismisa  them,  saying,  "  you  know  we  cannot  get  employment  else* 
viwre/'  and  begged  ;that  he  would  apportion  tlie  work  among  them,  and  let 
caeh  bear  a  share  of  the  burden.  Stock  very  much  increasing,  and  will  be<^> 
obliged  to  dismiss  a  number  of  his  men,  unless  an  alteraticm  takes  place 
speedily,  ([j'ihune  deubt  thai  Ai|«  trade  wmld  be  put  into  it*  ftiifnur  pr^u- 
hk  ntuatien,  if  the  American  irade  -woe  agidn  epehed. 

Mr.  JOSEPH  WEBSTER,  wire  manufacturer,  of  Birmingham.  (TjrMnlf 
hii  manufaetnre/or  the  American  market,  and  half  for  the  home  trade,  tlie 
demand  very  much  diminished,  so  that  although  his  manufactune  is  reduced, 
his  stock  is  much  increased.  OO*  Hat  vrdertfrem  America  which  weuld  eX' 
limnt  allhiH  great  stock  on  fund, »/  the  order$  itf  cottncil  were  repealed,    |f,  l\q 


\i.  ti  ' '' ; 


THE  a     /F>  itt4KCH. 


berofiil 


kptaM,  hi  ahidl  fad  UiMrireo«|»lM  to  4toebM|i  « 

Mr.  JOWUA  aOHOLnELOb  AiatnBifi  pwbIimHi  ■imiMliMi^.Tnili 
ttn  WgMio  Mloff  in  laot.   fei  1109^  nlUm  btUw,  kaiMiirmry  United. 
liM10^«i«y|ihn»slilMMMi«i|bronftMMO«.    TMgoiidslbrllUiiewljriM 

mt  nmtm^dt  m  mm  m  iA*  inuir  <t  «fniMl.  liM  iMd  IkfMWi  «|vlec«  flwii 
bli  ^wH  vMidaMt  in  AimnM*  tlut  maaaflMtoMt  Mt  tmv  oit  i«ei«Miaf 
thiM,  and  iMMNMon  to  know  it  fhm  pMtkultf  9ini»|niinoM.  Qn*  p«r« 
liMlM;  arfWw  nov  in  fTMt  denuiiMl  ii  e«td  win,  fm  th*  nuimili^tur*  of  eot. 
lonilidM^oolev4a(idMehiiwiat«dfi»tlMit  nuehimiy.  Uu  iMd  tin  artl. 
file  of  fMU»  oomUMiMDdod  <m  tho  grouod  that  tbOy  e«i  bo  aonofiMtttnd 
obMMr  in  AmpriM  thon  thojr  o«n  be  Importod.  Mat  kaflMani^^i0M'ii{»M$r- 

ptipktn  Mrmk^kamt  OC^AftffVf*  it  tt  h  txtrtm.  mt  •  mifliinue  in 
Iftlmrkmmflmt:  tktlnMrtrihnimgiia^atfrtatdittrHtthttttt  their  goodi 
■Mgr  bo  boDgbt  et  m»  prioo  i  tti«co  afo  many  aniaU  noouflkoturart  tbeioi  who 
o*e  aeUinf  aonc  of  tbeir  ttook  at,  be  believee, »  ipwer  Mte  than  it  cost  them. 
Mtrilbutt  $k»  ditttmtn  ^  ik»  iroif  and  mamffit«tvr$»  frinelpal^  f  tka  ardbrt 
in  emauil,ktStUilg  thorn  tt  I*  tkt  tmut  ^flht  mt^^tremrt  wtik  Jmtrica. 
Mu  $Ke  M««|  paim^J*»tMing»  that  tha  etatimiaitn  ^f  tht  retlHeltMu  Mm 
tha  Jmtrieom  trade  mttj^vt  grtat  taetttrqftmfnt  to  mt  iaeroaio  ^mtfmjot- 
twtt  ia  Amtrieo. 

Mr.  JOHN  BAlUfiY,  merchant,  of  Sheffield.— Tlie  nunafactorea  uf  Sbef. 
flMd,  fonthe  luiiply  of  the  marlcet  of  the  United  Stateot  emplagr  d,OOQper> 
aona^  beaidea  ethera  dependent  on  that  trade  (jyTht  txport4o»hoirkak 
oihomoao-thi^^*hi*hottmaiu^afiturot^fSh^Mold.  About  one«tenih  of  Um 
uaual  apring  aiMpmeiit  waa  maae  in  1811,  and  nope  aince.  Sto^k  of  goodi 
Imhi  been  inoreaainf  in  Sheffield  toa  oonsiderable  extent  i  b4t  tkno  aroorttm 
Jkr  thtpomat  to  America^  immidiaUljf  an  the  rttciiading  ^  tKo  ^dert  fa  eumdL 
fnJbnnation  from  « laige  manufeetui^r,  that  (C}' A*  nw/Mfa  om-tist^t^ii 
of  At  wagoowhiokhtdidtmhoH  tht  JimtricaH  tr^^dl  mu  t^t  tmi  that  oae< 
kalf  of  wfaat  he  baa  manufiMtured  fer  the  hat  fiflteen  ifontba,  ia  now  dead 
•toelc.  Another  of  the  principal  mannfaetiirera  informed  bim,  that  he  km 
oa^fltjfi  00^ kaffo/hte  utuaimimher  ^fmen,  wAarn  ho  eaiploj^  ^Ijf/owr  aa»»ia 
a  nook/  that  ho  rotaina  them  from  a  principle  of  bumaniW,  «a  they  hare 
grown  ^Id  in  hia  aervioe,  and  that  lie  atul  holda  in  atock  dl  hia  gooda  made 
in  M>a  laat  c^teen  montba.  Believea  tiiia  to  be  a  fair  apcoitnen  of  the  gene- 
ral atate  0(f  manufacturea in  Sheffield.  Hia  ordera  for  ahipment,  on  the  remo* 
1^  of  the  ordera  in  council,  «moont  to  the  whole  twelve  mofltlia*  ahipmenti. 
7%«  tfmetmt  of  Shtifitld  gtedi  reatfy  for  thipment  to  America  400,00(M.  and 
trdtrt  OH  Aantf  te  tho  taoie  amotmt.  Pnor  rate!  of  Sheffield,  year  ending  1807, 
11,000/.;  now  18^000/.  Worknien'a  wagea  not  reduced,  but  they  are  now 
ow^  employed  alraut  tbte'e  days  in  the  week  Every  ihan  fully  employed 
belore  the  Iom  of  the  American  trade.  (^Leroer  /elateet  novor-to  tmuk  du- 
trotted  at  at  ptetent.  Some  articles  which  were  formerly  exported  from 
SbeQeld,  are  now  manufactured  in  America. 

Mftv13,1812. 
Mf,  WttiUAM  MIDGLEY,  woollen  manufacturer,  of  liu  k.  .It,  Lan. 
,^)cashire.~'The  parish  con*aina  about  Sfl^OOO  inhabitanta,.of  whidi  about  ime 
half  are  eiiiployed  in  this  manufacture.  He  formerly  employed  about  600 
hands,  now  about  400<  Began  to  turn  off  his  hand*  when  nia  stocks  became 
veiy  large,  aboiit  six  months  ago.  Stock  is  atill  increaaing,'and.lurger  than 
it  was  before:  and  the  home  tirade  baa  folkn  off* very  much  indeed.  Has  in 
«  considerable  degree  exhausted  his  capital  in  trade,  *'  and  if  there  be  not  m 
"  opening,  it  it  imponible  to  keep  on  my  imrk  people  /  and  f  am  diitretted  abonl 
"  Hte  poor  people,  fir  ihtu  ^'^'  "*'•  "wny  of  i/.em,  half  victvah  now.**  If  the 
saarket  continues  as  it  is  now,  must  turn  off*  200  of  his  bands,  and  if  they  arc 
turned  off*,  does  not  sec  where  they  can  get  work  any  where  else.    Has  lived 


mii  Jk99WOiaL  .'Vtt 


•I' 


itHwMiUwtgff  hb  lUb  tiMM.  Mil  tern  to  bmiwm  tUttv^iumWt 

I  oTtiiteiMwabstMft  Ibv  tiMUaitiS  IUiIm  «f  AMni«%  iiii«aM*r 
Mm  tMvjr  Uvft  «fd«r»  fir  AaMffi;ia»  wMek  dinwld  hawp 


Iftkt 


'powi4»  now  fiA 


t^lBMOHltafO. 
aikl  inwoMinf  «m.    WwIwmw  \ 

tV  MP  9A' JNT  p0 

tkm  #MM  Iw  ft^MnployiMnt  Ibr  tiM  atnUfiketitrm  oTBoehdd*. 
Mr; 


PriM  flirwtjnMtli 


THOMAS  IRMT,  (BMUiftetoMr  of  1iMi«rjr.  at  Hi«ekl«y,  te  trtggttei. 
»TIm  total  mnibit  of  piMoiif  eoipldfdl  in  uii  immiAwtwo  at  BIMk* 

S'tMldtl»^Ml^vUI«tn,MaH3r9)0(KK    Aboal  one^hM  lb  oae-lianh 
tlwiMnufiMitwoio  Ibr  tbo  Aowrican  iBMtet*  oM  tho  vihM  aboiit  9lMNWr. 


per  muitt.  In  apod  thnoi  eiapkyi  opwardll  of  9dl>lMMs,  iio«renploy« 
iboUt'two<iUiiWkoftlieBttmb«#.  (Cr Jit MMMfMnc* V"M* (mi  ^tkiJmtri- 
tanmariM,  the  memmfiHinrtrt  gmitraify »tat»  thtt/ mut$  timt  ^mu-ha^iif 
IJMr hmd»,ifth»  dhmndU  iflgrtaitir  Hon  m  ptimit.  Twtlve  tofcortoan 
landrod  ponona  now  unsmplojcd.  The  home  tnAe  ia  nueh  it^orad  hr  tka 
coanetitkNi  of  paraona  fbrawrfy  b  the  Ibreign  ttadai  and  it  now  libraa  no 
BtoBt. 

Majrl4^l811 

Mr.  WILUAM  THOMnONt  woollen  Hnmuflwtarer,  of  Rawoen,  near 
teada.  Haa  been  in  Iwabieaa  30  veara.  In  1810  employed  650  handa,  and 
MarafiMlBred 8^000  plecaa of  Moda fbr  the  Amoriean  market  JdiAr fott 
■aat*  aiad*  4,000  /f«Mt,  and  ka$  dimlmed  300  Aatub.  Hia  ftodc  of  foeda 
worth  Hpwarda  of  00^000/.  hebaf  mueh  greater  than  at  any  fbraMtf  period. 
Q^WrMHoMag' Aondi  A«w  net  awra  than  •t»4hir4  imk.  OCT  A  g—d 
ltmtti$  imH»arntdJir9ml9*tt30t.aw9tktanimwoHhfm*'tkb^  JVWrr 
Jmn»  th^ptir  i%  m  mttmmda  dMe  bejkr*/  m»  ««ra  wton  e»m  waa  dbofar 
ia  1800«  M«y  hadpUntjf  ^wurh  at  that  ttmt.  **  ThaJittutt  tf  tk*  wtrknun 
Uv«^nUmtigtktk'etwii9kuHe9taHdtgth«r0ifgmbMm»/'th*itdrtu.  Th^ 
mytavtthnOfimawtrmritiifUkmtkmtntrtiuwthemh^prt.**  lfa&vo«r< 
able  change  doaa  not  take  phwe,  muat  diandaa  the  whole  of  hia  |iatada,  aa  tiie 
keavT  stock  of  gooda  vendera  it  oat  of  his  power  to  continue  thefS.  Made  « 
|mall  ahipment  to  iovth  America  about  twelre  montha  ago,  but  haa  not  yet 
received  any  retnmai  and  will  not  ahip  Ikrther  at  preaent.  Made  a  ahipawnt 
to  Ctnada^  valve  30.00tf.  about  fourteen  montba  ago^  for  which  he  haa  not 
yet  received  one-dstti  ind  thoae  gooda  that  did  aell  were  to  a  ^ooridcrahle 
1018,  sty  iW>m  9)1  to  SO  per  cent  ([J'^  thtrewaton^entrnde  fj^aeHcot 
M  iKtuUttrenat  W9iHd  ie  wiy  tkort^  naanterf .•  aetivitor  would  be  reaumed, 
and  the  countenances  of  the  poor  would  ehartge  verjr  nati  if  that  were  onee 
litffected,  it  would  ^ve  a  general  apring  to  our  neighbourhood.  Bu  vrdert 
fnm  Ametieafitr  tAa  wkqu  tffdt  fM»tfr*pUed  the  trdert  in  cinmeil  were 
rtteitukit' 

'Mr.  CflRlSTOPIiEtl  1<AW80W,  iroonen  merchant,  of  Leeda.  b  good 
tiroes  exported  to  America,  to  the  vdne  er80,OOOiL  anoutfly.  Preaent  atock 
of  gooda  40,0001:  Made  f  ahipment  to  AmdialslMd  in  l€ll,  under  the  idea 
that  it  might  get  itito'  Amenca,  but  it  remaina  there  i^  present^  Coaieeiyea 
aU  the  merchui^  trading  to  America  are  in  the  aame  atato.  l%e  nawiw 
eakiildtkn  itt  that  ftrkMre  gaede  are  exported  te  America,  tethe  ammmt  ff 
hv»  nUilimi  anntMi%  .Great  compbunts  have,  lieen  made  of  the  home  inarket 
for  the  last  six  mdntha.  q:;^  Biu  erdertjbr  goedtte  be  ehipped  tt  dmeriea,  an 
the  repeat  of  the  eriere  in  e«v»dL 

MayU  1813. 

Mr.  DAVID  SHEARD,  blanket  and  flushing  manufiwtmier,  of  the, parish 
ofliewabury.  In  gdod  times  employed  about  800  hknds:  lOQTjof  tkein  are 
now  cjuite  outofennploy,  and  ihe  rero^der  have  one>tlurd»  wone^oittth 


%' 


SM) 


THB  aU^m*  BRANCH. 


u 


y/mk,  QC^  f%t  tn»Mig«  fM^wi  q/'fwn,  w«mN»  and  ehiUrm,  in  g—d  Hw» 
wtire  tU  •  wttkt  and  art  turn  3«  9d.  The  manufkoturera  baVe  given  over  ao< 
oumuUtinf  itook  t  th«y  do  not  wiah  to  run  Into  debt,  aadtiie  ittoney  they 
had  ia  all  made  up  into  gooda*  Weekly  wagea  paid  bi  the  hafkdet,  in  good 
tinaea,  oaed  to  be  469/1  now  7MIU  thuika  tiM  home  ti«de  m  good  aa  it  wis. 
Trade  began  to  fktl  off*  in  the  beginning  of  1811 :  and  ammg  tht  Uwer  qr<fert 
^pffh  ikar*  it  verjfgrtai  ditir«$t  indttd.  1?  fkvoorabte  circuniataneea  do 
not  turn  up,  will  be  obliged  to  turn  off  half  of  the  700  handa  he  now  empWys. 
Had  a  Mod  trade  befrt«  the  intoreourae  with  America  wae  stopped. 

Mn  FRANCIS  PLATT,  merohant  and  wooUeii  manuftotuier,  of  8addk> 
worth.  The  trade  haa  iUlen  off  very  considerably  s  oo  1810,  owing  to  the 
want  of  American  trade.  Hia  own  atock  of  goods  larger  than  it  ever  was  be- 
fore, being  nearly  3O,O00A  The  diatrict  of  Saddleworth  containa  a  popuU. 
tion  of  nearly  13,000  peraons,  most  of  whom  are  engaged  in  the  woomi  bu- 
siness, and  they  do  not  now  get  half  the  work  they  used  to  have.  His  capitd 
absorbed  in  goods,  and  if  there  is  mt  a  market  soon,  must  dis<^arge  l>is  men 
in  toto;  which  is  the  case  with  manufaoturera  in  general  in  that  district 
<iy  iW  40  sr  50  yeart  ht  luu  ntvtr  kwmn  the  diatrett  tffuai  to  the  pnient/^ 
Great  numbers  of  the  people  never  taste  animal  fbod  at  all  i  their  principal 
fbod  ia  oatmeal  boiled  m  water «  and  sometimea  potatoes  for  dinner.  Was 
informed,  by  a  very  honest  man,  that  h»i  hit  -mife,  and  alt  hit  ehUdreu  had  ttt 
j^  tt  hed,  and  had  not  even  a  mortel  ^fthat  oatmeal  and  watelr  to  put  ihto  their 
mwtht,  Wat  alto  iufbrmed  by  another  that  he  hadffot  •em*  little  oatmeal,  and 
boiled  it  in  water;  that  he  had  to  wet  it  in  nater  inttead  ofniitk,  or  at^  other  U. 
guid,  with  hitftod.  The  people  have  been  very  peaceable  in  this  parish ;  a^d 
is  certain  they  will  remani  so,  provided  tb^  could  get  emplojrment,  or  any 
thing  neap  ftill  employment :  they  have  no  disposition  at  all  to  riot.  Has  in. 
quiKd  in  some  instances  whetlier  the  poor  have  received  pansh  relief;  but 
believes  thatintlie  principal  part  of  tJijB  nuuiufaoturiug  aistritcs,  tliepoor 
would  nearly  starve,  probably  not  to  death,  but  pretty  close  to  it,  be&re  they 
went  to  the  parish;  for  this  reason— they  have  not  been  accustomed  to  it, 
and  it  is  a  kind  of  disgrace  or  something  of  that  kind,  And  they  will  not  go 
to  it  if  ^ley  can  get  half  work  and  half  wages :  they  will  take  every  means  in 
then  power  to  keep  off  the  parish.  Oatmeal  ia  3  l-3d  to  4d  the  pound,  or  dou< 
ble  the  usual  price.  Potatoea  are  about  the  same  proportion :  never  knew 
them  any  ^ing  like  so  high  aa  tliey  are  at  present.  Has  no  doubt  that  if 
goods  could  be  shipped  to  America,  there  would  be  work.  The  poor  are  not 
well  clothed. 

May  SO.  1813. 

Mr.  JOHN  HOFFMAN,  cluirchwarden  of  the  parirsh  of  Spltal  Fields^ 
The  looms  employed  in  the  manuftcture  of  Spitai  FieldSi  about  17,000,  to 
20,000  ;  and  about  5,000  of  them  are  in  the  parish  of  Spitol  Fields,  where  at 
katt  one-half  ^  the  veavert  we  out  of  emplot/ment,  and  the  lower  urdert  in  a 
moot  deplorable  ttate.  Q^  More  than  one  inttanee  hat  occwred,  where  thetf 
had  died  UteraUtfJor  want.  Soup  diatributed  is  about  3,000  to  4,000  quarts 
a  day.  Haa  dismissed  a  considerable  number  of  his  hands,  who  were  em. 
ployed  in  the  silk  trade.  The  light  silks  of  Spital  Fields  sell  in  America; 
of  other  sorto  the  French  are  cheaper  than  ours.  If  the  American  trade  was 
open,  there  would  be  an  opportunity  of  sending  a  considerable  quantity  of 
goods  tha«;  has  in  the  course  of  some  years,  manu&ctuied  goods  for  the 
American  market,  principally  of  the  sligiit  quality.  fFithin  then  two  yean 
there  hat  been  no  trade  to  America :  and  there/oi'e  he  waa  obliged  to  lui-n  off 
hit  handt  employed  for  that  particular  trade,  if  Uie  trade  was  opened  again, 
has  no  hesitation  in  saying  those  very  articles  would  find  sale  tliere ;  and  iic 
would  take  back  the  handa  he  had  dismissed,  which  he  believes  is  the  case 
Hfith  others  in  the  same  line  as  himself.  In  October  last  be  purchased  puta- 
toes  for  die  workhouse  at  3/.  lO*-  per  ton ;  within  the  last  six  weeks  they 
have  been  selling  in  Spital  Fields*  market,  at  12L  13/.  and  14^.  a  ton.  Per- 
aont  wAs  have  died  fir  want,  have  applied  ftr,  and  obtained  relief:  but  theif 
were  too  far  gene  before  they  made  applieation  ;  has  xiniformly  found  that  t-f^ 


APPENDCL 


Sb8 


ifUMrtMUtw  wW  NAwr  appiiffir  nUitfUtt  *h»  vtry  (im<  «xfrtsiiy.  Bclicivw 
thttt  mors  tha^  %  fifth  of  the  tllk  manunptureii  in  tpital  FieUi  wont  %a  Aom* 
riea,  tnd  thai  mofe  thim  nne-tbird  of  hit  own  nuuiufaeture,  for  mtmi  yean, 
wu  for  the  Americian  market.  The  Want  ef  an  adeauate  aupply  ^tvn  a'lUc* 
itittbeen  one  great  cjaiue  of  the  want  o>f  eqiploy,  and  cooaequent  ^ti||Ma,  of 
the  niuiufooturerak 

May  $«,  1812. 
Mr.  8HAKSPEARB  PHILLIPS,  merchant,  of  Mancheater.—wiae?(amined 
by  the  hotue  four  vean  ago  upon  the  ordera  in  council.  la  an  exporter  of 
manuikctuicd  gooaii  to  the  United  Statea  of  America,  when  the  trade  ia  open. 
His  a  gn»t  stock  of  goods  on  hand,  which  is  the  case  of  the  manuftoturers 
in  general.  (ly  Stu  •rthrt  to  a  very  large  anwant  l«  be  thipped  in  the  event  of 
the  erdere  in  ceunetl  being  retcinded.  Has  no  doubt  that  orders  of  Uiis  kind, 
whieh  are  now  in  Manchester,  would,  if  executed,  greatly  relieve  the  distieis 
of  that  place.  (Jpr  'n*  etate  i^the  werhmen  in  Manehetter  and  the  neighbeur- 
heed  ie  very  deflmitblt.  They,  are  deficient  in  work,  and  are  •wvrking  at  ex* 
tfemely  Im  vnget.  If  the  American  trade  was  open,  would  not  fear  the  com* 
petition  of  the  American  manufkcturers  in  the  market,  as  he  coneeiTes  tliey 
are  only  forced  into  that  meaaure.  Several  adventures,  whieh  he  has  made 
to  South  America,  have  left  a  considerable  loss.  Cannot  state  the  proportion, 
which  the  American  market  bears  to  the  general  manufactory  of  Manchester 
and  its  neighbourhood  i  but  from  his' general  knowledge  of  its  vaat  influence 
upon  the  matiufiMture  in  gpeneral.  is  convinced  that  the  experts  annually 
amount  to  an  enormous  sum.  ^Hae  no  doubt,  that  tfthe  Jmeriean  market 
vat  fi-eefy  open,  there  would  be  fmemploytnentfor  the  labouring  matfufaeturere  > 
tf  Manehetter.  When  the  tnde  with  Anwricafrom  France  and  this  country 
were  both  open,  did  not  experience  the  least  competition  in  the  cotton  manu- 
factories on  the  part  of  IVaiice,  and  has  not  the  least  apprcitension  of  any. 
The  present  duty  on  raw  cotton  in  France  lieing  about  3«.  a  pound,  amounts 
to  a  prohibition ;  and  any  countrv  imposing  such  a  duty  cannot  seriously  in* 
tend  to  establish  any  great  manuncture. 

I  trust,  there  is  here  superabundant  testimony  of  thi^, 
transcendent  folly  and  madnesSf  as  well  as  of  the  flagrant 
ipjttstiee  of  the  system  pursued  by  the  British  niinistry» 
whieh  inflieted  so  mneh  misery  and  wrotohedness  on  that-; 
interesting  and  valuable  class  of  subjects,  the  manufactur- ' 
ers.  The  testimony  is  equally  strong  against  the  folly  of 
our  own  citizens«  who,  by  rendering  nugatory  the  restrictive 
system,  so  flttally  involved  in  the  horrors  of  a  wasting  war, 
two  great  imtions  whom  ten  thousand  motives  arising  from 
mutual  interests— common  descent— congenial  manners — 
and  sameness  of  language — ought  to  have  impelled  to  cul- 
tivate the  strictest  ties  of  fk'iendship.  ^ 

During  the  progress  of  these  examinations,  on  the  21st 
of  May,  the  official  repeal  of  the  French  decrees  was  com- . 
munieattd  by  Mr.  Russel,  the  American  minister,  to  the 
court  of  St.  James.  But  notwithstanding  the  solemn  pledge 
of  the  British  ministry  to  proceed  pari  panau  with  the  French 
government,  in  the  business  of  repeal,  there  was  no  step 
talLen  respecting  the  orders  in  council,  till  the  S8d  of  June, 
that  is,  for  nearly  five  weeks.  Nothing  was  done  till  after  ^ 
the  whole  examination  was  Completed,  and  until  an  address 
was  moved  in  the  house  of  commons^  for  the  repeal,  by  Mr. 


I.-;  it? 


•I 


I-' 


ttf:^  ;'! 


^ 


H; 


SB9 


THE  OLtSTE  BftANCH. 


Brovgfcftmt  on  the  irth  of  Jtfne»  gromided'Oii  t1ieMflilt«f 
the  ekaminationi,  whioh  wftt  withchniWii  faj  tho  iHoxtit}  oilft 
plfd^  bjr  the  mlniiters  that  the  order*  would  be  repealed. 
'^ '▲•  a  palliation  for  this  delMr,  it  ii  stated  that  the  aatfat- 
rination  of  Mr.  Peroiyal»  the  British  primiep,  on  the  Itth  of 
May,  distracted  the  attention  of  the  iiiinistrir>^a|nd  prevented 
thi  redemption  of  the  pledge.  But  this  palliaiion  will  not 
bear  a  moment's  reflexion.  The  parliamentary  ejEamination 
was  predleated  on  tha  iivjury  the  British  tride  suflRjred— . 
and  had  not  the  slightest  regard  to  any  other  oonsideration. 
And  as  1  have  stated,  the  revocation  of  the  orders  in  oouneij 
was  not  attempted  till  that  examination  was  finished.  Near- 
ly five  weeks  [thirty- three  days]  had  elapsed  from  the  noti- 
lloation  of  the  Freneh  repeal*  and  forty-three  days  from  the 
death  of  Mr«  Peroival.  And  no  man  can  pretend  that  one 
or  two  weeks  would  not  have  been  abundantly  sufficient. 

To  prove  the  charge  I  have  adduced  against  the- British 
ministry  of  cross  impolicy,  as  well  as  injustice,  in  their 
treatment  of  this  country,  which  led  to  the  wasting  war  so 
if^jurious  to  both  nationa,  I  submit  to  the  reader,  part  of  a 
speech'  delivered  in  the  British  house  of  commons,  by  Mr. 
whitbread,  on  the  iSth  of  February,  1813,  about  four 
months  previous  to  the  declaratiun  of  hostilities,  respecting 
the  diplomatic  intercourse  between  the  two  countries.  On 
Mr.  Whit  broad's  character  1  need  not  enlarge.  He  is  well 
known  to  stand  eminent  for  those  qualities  of  head  and 
heart  that  dignify  and  adorn  human  nature  :■— 

"  of  Mr.  Pinkney  he  need  say  little :  he  wa&  a  man  of  sound  sense  and 
judgment,  of  an  able  and  acute  mind,  and  of  tlie  highest  reputation.  He  was 
a  man  who  had  conducted  himself  during  his  residence  in  this  country,  in  a 
manner  most  honourable  to  himself,  and  likely  to  benefit  both  nations.  At 
all  times,  tri:ing  the  most  impartial  view  of  the  different  interests  concemedt 
his  conduct,  though  firm,  had  been  most  conciliatory.  Without  losing  sight 
of  tlie  claims  of  his  country,  with  which  he  was  intruitted,  he  had  at  all  times 
approached  the  ministers  with  whom  he  was  in  treaty,  with  respect,  atten- 
tion, and  deference  Firm  to  his  purpose,  and  able  to  elucidate  the  subjects 
under  discussion,  lie  had  never  failed  iii  time,  punctuality,  or  mode  of  pro- 
cedure, in  his  mission.  He  would  he  could  say  at  much  for  those  •with  tvhom 
M'.  /Hnkney  htiJ  intercourse.  But  it  was  not  so :  aiul  .\t  was  impossible  t(» 
uy,  thiit  ^ciuleman  had  been  treatedjvith  tlie  proper  and  punctilious  cere 
mor.y  he  merited  by  the  marquis  VVJTlesley.  At  the  period  when  this  cor. 
respondence  commenced,  a  great  soreness  prevailed  in  America,  on  account 
of  the  rupture  with  Mr.  Jackson.  iSj"  The  /reelings  of  that  coimtry  v/ere  in  c 
ttate  of  extreme  irritation  ;  and  this  topic  was  the  subject  of  Mr.  Pinkney's 
first  letter  to  the  noble  murquis.  One  would  have  thought  at  such  a  time 
that  a  minister  would  have  telt  that  no  want  of  decorum  or  attention  on  his 
pHrt,  should  be  superadded  to  augment  the^npieasant  tceling  already  too 
prevalent ;  but  it  so  happened,  that  to  this  vcr^  letter  of  Mr.  Pinkney,  of  tlie 
Sit  Januiu-y,  on  the  subject  of  another  minister's  being  appointed  in  the  room 
of  .Mr,  Jackiuii,  no  answer  was  returned -unfi/  the  14</i  of  March.  Upwards 
of  two  months  of  precious  time  were  wasted,  during  which  Mi".  Pinkne), 
awuri  that  some  time  might  he  necessary,  waited  with- the  most  patict.^ 
respect  and  decorum. 


AlfPBMPlX. 


m 


•**  Oa  the  l^  of  Fe^iruMry,  the  Amerieiii  minitUr  uain  vroU  to  the  BrU 
tithtcGMtsry,  on  the  subject  of  oyr  blnoKade,  oim  of  the  most  iinp<iit»nt  in 
diaounftl,  and  in  nU  its  bvaringi,  hetwtett  the  two  countri«a.  To  th|«  ■•  an- 
swer v'M  returned  till  Mitrch  3.  Again,  On  thedOthoif  Apfil>  Mr.  Rnkney 
»iJ4reaikttd  a  ifctur  to  lord  Weliesle;^,  relative  to  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees, 
which  were  cnnitdered  as  the  chief  source  of  all  existing, differences,  and 
therefore  merited  tha  most  earnest  and  immediattf  aittention  (  tnit  to  this  let. 
ter  no  answer  was  ever  returned. 

"  On  the  3d  of  May  following,  another  letter  was  sent  to  our  foreign  secre* 
tsry,  fmplaining  t^f  tht  forging  of  aldpi  paperi,  carried  on  in  London,  b^which 
Mrititk  ttiipt  and  property  were  mude  to  apptar  at  Jlmerieun.  This  traffic  wi 
alleged  to  be  wpenly  and  notoriously  carried  on :  and  it  was  not  poasibb*  lo 
conceive  one  mnre  infamous  to  the  nation  wliere  practised,  or  injurtu 
the  country  agunat  which  it  was  directed.    Yet  (J^ <Ai«  cAar^e  0/ f    ..«- 
agamtt  Britain^  thia  it\juatice  audit\iary  to  Amerieat  wa«  patted  over  tn  uft" 
tiknce,  and  no  answer  lohatever  to  me  letter  imt  returned, 

«  On  the  23d  of  June,  Mr.  Pinkney  again  wrote,  referring  to  his  letter  of 
the  30lh  April,  on  tjie  subject  of  the  Iterlki  and  Milan  decrees,  and  rtiqucst- 
b^  .  .1  answer  1  but  no  answer  was  returned.  On  t^  7tb  of  July  he  wrote 
again  relative  to  the  appointment  of  a  minister  in  (he  room  of  ^r.  Jackson, 
(his  ilrst  subject  on  the  2d  January)  and  even  at  this  distance  of  time  receiv- 
td  no  ojficial  aniwer,  but  merely  a.  verbal  assurance  or  private  note,  that  a, 
minister  would  immediately  be  sent  out.  On  the  8th  of  August,  Mr.  Pink- 
ney once  more  wrote,  referring  to  his  letters  of  the  23d  June  and  30tli  April ; 
J»u(t  could  obtain  no  answer. 

<<  On  the  21st  August,  he  again  by  letter  pressed  the  subject  of  blockade ; 
but  could  obtain  no  answer.  On  the  25th  of  the  same  month,  he  i^ain  wrote 
to  state  tl)e  revocation  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees ;  and  to  this  commu- 
nication our  minister  at  length  condescended  to  send  a  reply.  The  next  part 
of  the  correspondence  was  another  letter  from  Mr.  Pinlcney,  relative  to  a 
misapprehension  of  Sir  James  Saumarez,  <m  the  nature  of  the  blockade  at 
l^lsineur,  and  on  the  impressing  of  certain  seamen  from  an  American  ship. 
To  tite  former  subject  an  answer  waa  returned ;  but  of  the  fauer  no  notice  vma 
taken.  He  had  indeed  been  much  surprised  at  tlie  whole  course  of  tliiscor- 
Kspondence ;  but  at  thif?  parties:!.  ;r  period  his  astonisliment  was  greater  than 
ever.  That  a  aubject  ««  keenly  J'  by  America,  an  the  impreatin^  of  her  citi- 
tens,  thottld  be  entirely  paaaed  over  in  eilence,  -wua  beyond  all  former  neglect  and 
inutlention. 

"  All  the  world  knew  that  this  point  was  the  one  on  which  the  greatest 
difficulty  existed  in  nep^ciating  an  amicubte  adjustment  between  the  two 
countries,  and  that  our  <.  ,  "  ict  towurda  American  seamen  attod  more  in  tlie  loaif 
of  conciliation  than  any  other  matter  wliateven  Surely  then  such  an  opportu- 
(lity  ovglit  not  to  have  been  neglected;  surely  it  was  the  duty  of  tlie  Britislt 
niiiiister  to  sliow,  by  his  speedy  .ittention  to  the  subject,  that  he  was  as 
anxious  to  evince  the  spirit  of  conciliation  as  to  profess  it ;  and  that,  know- 
ing how  fatal  to  titc  intcvcst  of  this  country  a  rupture  with  America  would 
be,  he  would  have  eagerly  embraced  the  opening  presenting  itself,  to  demon- 
sinAe  our  amicable  iiitentiuns,  and  remove  one  of  the  soi-est  grievances  com- 
plained of.  But,  no!  reluctantly  and  coldly  was  the  answer  on  this  subject 
wrung  f(»rth — not  from  the  noble  secretaiy,  not  by  letter  from  him,  but  pra< 
ticidly  by  the  disdiarge  of  tiiese  seamen,  by  Ziv  William  Scott,  in  the  cour 
of  udmiralty,  tliereby  acknowledging  and  declaring  the  right  and  justice  ol* 
the  claim  urged  on  the  part  of  Americu.  Tl«is  was  the  conciliation  of  llif 
nphic  secretary,  tluit  he  permitted  tlie  sentence  of  a  conn  of  justice  to  givo  a 
practical  uubwcc  to  u  foreign  minister,  whom  he  would  not  take  the  trouble 
of  putting  pen  to  pajier  to  satisfy  orv  so  iiiterestinty  a  point. 

"  On  tlie  2Jst  of  Scptemb<!r,  .VIr.  Pinkney  found  it  ncce-^^sary  ag;iin  to  ad 
dress  the  British  government,  and  rcferrinij  to  his  letters  of  the  oOih  Ajnil, 
kid  Juwe,  and  8th  August,  on  the  sr.bject  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees, 
he  usged  !xn  imittRdiKtc  answer^  tis  \uti  ^ei-nnTfat  hiirt  lo'ig  biw^i  iii  cxjjcctat. 


li 


^^ 


THE  Oldl^  BRANCH. 


tkm  of »  coi!P«itt9ication  cfi  that  head.  AgaiiH  on  the  8th  and' 10th  Ikccm. 
benheVrnte:  nnA  Qj"  leiflli  thete  iettert  ei»u:luded  hit  corre^mtdencct  bein^ 
unabie  ta  obtain  Omf  naHtftutvr^  information  i  and'toon  ttfthr  h  demanded  hi* 
aU(dlettiei^Utivk(tfthePrincie  Re^imf.'* 

^  The  wpetnhed  system  pursued  by  the  Britifth  ministry 
ipWardt  this  country  produced  oor.s^queaees  they  did  dot 
foresee.  It  promoted  our  manufaotures  more  completely 
in  flVe  or  six  years  thaii  they  would  have  becil  in  thirty— 
and  it  pcpdueed  a  war>hich  bus  given  us  a  navy,  arid  the 
higi^fist  bavat  standing  in  the  eyes  of  the  world. 


.^'.^■> 


Hi)' 


CHAPTER  JiXI. 

Mnghmd  mid  to  he  struggling  for  her  existence.    This  no 
f  palliation  of  her  outrages  on  neutral  nations*    JLttack  on 
Copenhagen, 

Among  the  various  errors  lately  prevaleui,  aqd  preg- 
nant ^^^^  baneful  consequences,  a  very  important  one  w^s, 
that  the  European  war  on  the  part  of  England  was  a  war  for 
her  existence — and  (his  has  been  aneged  not  merely  as  a 
palliation,  but  as  a  justification  of  her  outrages  upon  our 
citizens  and  upon  our  commerce.  In  fa^t,  the  long  succes- 
sion of  outrages  she  perpetrated,  were  covered  over  with 
this  mantle  of  oblivion,  for  the  purpose  of  defaming  the 
ailmiiiistration  that  resisted  them. 

I  have  iHready  touched  on  this  subject  incidentally.  It 
requires  further  elucidation.  Aud  at  the  hazard  of  repeti- 
tipn,  I  resume  it. 

The  must  important  aggrcdsions  of  England  on  the  com- 
meree  of  this  country,  may  be  referred  10  four  epochs — 

i.  The  lawless  and  predatory  captures  in  1793,  during  the 
administration  of  gen.  Washington. 

2.  The  application  in  1805,  of  the  rule  of  1756,  without 
any  previous  notice  or  warning,  and,  to  a^ravate  the  enor- 
mity, against  her  own  exposition  of  the  law  of  natious,  and 
against  the  ileeisions  of  her  courts  of  admiralty;  whereby 
the  seas  were  swept  of  liie  American  vessels  and  commerce. 

8.  The  paper  blockade  by  Charles  J.  Fox's  administra- 
tion, of  the  coast  fiom  the  Elbe  to  Brest,  an  extent  of  800 
miles. 

4.  The  orders  in  coun\^il. 

Of  these  in  due  cours4>. 

Lord  CastleiragiLbiuiself,  or  the  marquis  of  Welletley* 
would  not  daro  to  assert  that  the  depredations  in  1793  could 
be  chai-ged  to  jeopardy  of  her  existence.  They  were  wan- 
ton, unprovoked,  Inwkss,  and  predatory  to  the  last  degree. 


iAi- 


APPENDIX. 


&6« 


Oenenil  WaihiDRton  presided  over  the  dettiDiet  of  this 
eountry.  He  had  re^oWed  ob  and  observed  a  fair  and  in»- 
partial  neutrality.  The  manner,  and  time,  and  eireamstak'o 
ces.  were  as  monstrous  m  the  measure  itself.  -S 

;.pn  the  subjeet  of  the  seeond,  1  shall  merely  refisr  the 
reader  to  the  mercantile  memorials  of  1805-6,* ^rittehanid 
signed  hy  men  who  have  pio^e  a*^  ably  defended  and  justified 
the  eonduet  of  England,  as  at  thnt  period  they  unquidiftedly 
reprobated  and  deoouneed  it.  Tliis  ehange  in  their  opinions 
and  conduct  does  not  ehanee  the  nature  of  the  fue<s.  For 
the  prooeeding^of  the  Briush  ministi^  at  that  peripd.  every 
honourable  Englishman  must  blush.  They  were,  unworthy 
of,  and  disgraceful  to,  a  mighty  add  respectable  nation. 

:•  Charles  James  Fox's  blockade  w«s  a  gross  vielatioii  of 
the  laws  of  nations.— -If  was  in  direet  hostility  with  previ* 
ous  declarations  made  by  that  statesman  himself-*a«  well 
as  with  the  honourable  and  indeed  the  only  legal  deflnition 
of  »  blockade,  given  to  our  government  by  Mr.  Merr^»  the 
British- minister  her«. 


"Sir, 


"Admiralty  Office,  January  5, 180'i. 


'  Having^  communicated  to  the  lords  of  the  admiralty,  lord  Hawkeshury's 
letters  of  the  23d  inst.  enclosing  tlie  copy  of  a  dispatcfi  which  his  lordship 
had  teceived  froni  Mr.  Thornton,  his  majesty's  charge  d'affaires  in  America, 
on  the  subject  of  the  blockade  of  tlie  islands  of  Martinique  and  Guadalonpe, 
together  With  the  report  of  the  advocate  general  thereupon,  I  have  their 
krdships*  commands  to  acquaint  you  for  bis  lordship's  information,  that  they 
have  sent  orders  to  commodore  Hood,  not  to  cjonsider  any  blockade  as  exist- 
ing, utUeat  in  retpect  to  particular  porta  WHICH  MAY  BE  ACTUALLY 
INVESTED:  and  then  not  to  capture  vessels  bound  to  (nich  ports,  unless 
they  shall  previously  have  been  warned  not  to  enter  tliero ;  and  ihat  tliey  have 
also  sent  the  necessary  directions  on  the  subject  to  the  judges  of  the  vice- 
admiralty  courts  in  the  West  Indies  and  America. 
I  am,  &c 

EVAN  NEPEAN. 
Georgr^  Hammond,  Esq." 

Here  is  the  only  fair,  and  honest,  and  honourable  expla- 
nation of  the  law  of  nations  on  tiiis  8ul)je«t^  laid  down  by 
England  herself.  This  letter  stands  on  eternal  rncoi'd — 
and  seals  the  irrevoc;ablc  condemnution  of  that  vile  pi'eda- 
tory  system,  whereby,  accordinj^  (o  George  Cabot,  James 
Lloyd,^nd  the  other  Boston  memorialists,  she  was  during 
Hie  course  of  the  French  war,  "PREYING  UPON  THE 
UNPROTECTED  PROPERTY  OF  A  FRIENDLY 
POWER.'!     *f  *oi*<J  Castlereagh,  the  marquis  of  Wei- 

•  See  chaptei.i  xiv,  xv,  xvi,  and  xvli. 

f  Let  it  be  observed  that  tlie  predatory  system  of  1805,  denounced  by  tlie 
Koston  memorialists,  as  "  preyinir  upon  the  unprotected  property  of  a  frkndhi 
power"  was  inci^mparably  less  unjust  and  nion  defensible  tluui  the  subsr- 
<iuent  outrages  pt;rp«;lraied  on  American  commerce. 


M» 


THE  OLIVE  BRAMCU. 


y 


lMl«y»  l«rd  C*tk«»rt»  Oeorgk  C^taiakigt  Mr.  Rowy  w  "Mt^, 
War-iB-DitgMiM,  iImmM  ind  thlt  aftottiallMi  MHiewhwt  la- 
digeitlble,  let  them  btirl  the  g«untlet  M  Mr.  U^yd  add  hU 
fnendi.  "  ■  ■■  i.*^ 

Th*  ordert  in  eonneil  eliMo  the  eataldgve.  Yhey  1Ki^ 
Ihrm  u  eteinttl  blot  on  the  etonteheon  of  the  ndmlnlitra- 
tlon  by  whk^h  they  were  enneted*  nnd  to  long  Rupported. 
I^or  their  impolley  I  refer  the  reader  to  ohaiKOr  Wi  It 
mne  at  lentt  equal  to  their  iagrant  ii^nitlee. 

From  the  iit  of  Mareh»  iSOVk  they  lost  whatever  plea  or 
palliation  might  have  previenily  eiitted  for  them.  The 
non-intercourM  aot»  pasted  on  iiiad  day.  put  it  in  Che  pow- 
er  of  Great  Britain,  at  any  hour  the  pleated,  to  (^n  our 
l^ortt  to  her  trade  and  navigalion->to  thut  them  againtt  the 
vettelt  and  trade  of  Fran«««^nd  in  eSbet  to  h«ive  idtimate- 
ly  produe«d  war  between  that  nation  and  the  United  Stalet. 

The  refusal  of  this  offer  wat  a  elear»  eonvineing»  and  nn' 
answerable  proof,  that  her  tole  ul^ct  wat  monopoly,  nnd 
thai.*  in  the  language  of  Mr.  Ba;^nrd,  retiUiation  wat  mere. 
!y  **aprotenoe."  Her  depredationt  were  continued  with- 
out inte^mittion.  1  ask  any  honett  Englishman— any  ean- 
did  federalist,  now  that  the  i-eign  of  dilution  hat  terminated, 
were  these  deprjdationt,  to  pats  over  their  immorality  aud 
iiyuttiee,  tueh  measurei,  as,  on  more  prinoiplet  of  policy, 
**  a  1lU^htiatrllggUngfor  her  exiirteuce*^  ought  to  have  adopt- 
ed? Wat  it  Jutt,  or  proper,  or  prudvni.  for  **  a  nation  atrug- 
gUngf&r  her  escittence,**  to  violate  the  rights,  and  to  plunder 
the  property  of  an  unoiTending  neutral,  and  nslc  a  war  with 
that  neutral  7  Surely  not. 

tn  a  word*  I  ask  Timotiiy  Pickering.  Rufus  King*  Geoi^ 
Cabot,  or  governor  Strung,  whether  the  eonduet  of  Greut 
Britain  on  the  ocean  was  not  us  unjust,  as  ai'bitntry,  and  as 
lawless,  as  that  of  Bonaparle  on  terra  iirma?  Whether  the 
clandestine  orders  of  1793,  and  those  of  1805.  were  not  as 
perfidious,  as  faithless,  and  as  utlci'l,v  i«d^fen»ible,.  us  any 
avt  of  V  '  Frrnch  emperor?  And  finally,  to  sum  up  the 
vrhole,  whether  there  is  in  the  history  of  mankind  any  act 
much  more  atrocious  than  the  attaclc  upon  Copenhagen,  the 
capital  of  an  innocent  and  resiiectable  neutral,  for  ilie  pur- 
pose of  seizing  hur  fleet?  Whether  this  atf  and  the  periidi- 
ous  conduct  of  Bnnajiartc  towards  Spaio  are  not  exactly  of 
the  same  character  ? 

"  Amidst  all  the  oonvulsions  which  Europe  had  experienced  in  consequence 
or  the  I  evolution  in  Krancc,  the  kingdom  of  Iknniuik  had,  by  the  wise  and 
temperate  policy  of  her  ruU;r,  betn  in  a  jyicivl  ineasiire  preserved  (iom  tlu* 
fatal  conseqtier.re(i  of  those  ccHnrtmotions  w  hich  had  ovcrtiirnetl  goveritnients 
of  much  greater  polii  tcul  importance.  This  had  been  ucconiplished,  not  by 
Jiumiliating  herself  to  anj  of  the  bcUi^rii  nt  powers ;  not  by  .  spousing  the 


jiMfwmsJL 


uk 


CMM»of  Mch  of  tiMBB  M  a|MMcd  fcr  tlv  awwwwt  to  bt  iMcMiMblit  Nift  bjr 

ced  bjr  intriKu«i  nor  inUonottea  by  threats.  Her  wriX  «na  miutarr  «it*b' 
I'MinlMitl,  thbiigh  not  giMt,  iv<e^  Mqwetablei  Ml^eMibihedwltfl th*  nitte. 
ral  advmlute*  of  hot  dtufttion»  rrigbt  JiutiQr  her  ift  tlw  Ikofct  of  ikiWilIWi 
henatf  witb  iMicecM  «t*i»*t  My  «*«ny  tlMi  tbowU  JtUeawt  to  Mlm0vifim 
her  nf  tt^r«i>ty<    In  (order  to  defend  ^bip  iMittraliiy,  the  Danltb  i 


h«<?.  lor  «  con«idenble  time  pkit,  conceMred  iu  amy  on  ttii  tiontinaitet  ft«M» 
tieri  i  iM  k  hiw  been  etated*  «b«t  thfo  niMiuve  w«i  addiMcd  it^he  inMmdft  of 


CfMt  Britain,  a»  beinf  fkmionfclo  to  the  ptotMtk)*  of  her  ootatHirto.  M 
this  situation  the  British  fle«t»  wkk.a  U^  military  foroe,  anivad  on  .tlw 
coast  of  2kaland»  where  the  Danish  yovomment  saw  no  reason  to  reeogidse 
them  in  aiiy  other  ehanctei'  thsn  that  of  friends  snd  protectors.  Ili^y  titte 
there  joined  by  the  German  Iq^on  ftmn  the  isle  of  Bugeirt  and  BIr.  JaakiMi, 
Um  BsiAish  resident  at  Gopeiiha|sn,  aecordiny  to  matructione  Noai«ediitDm 
his^qourt*  dmanikd  from  ihe  Oa»Mk  f*v»mment  the  tifirmukr  ^  U»  mmijf 
te  Ml,  Britannic  mqjetttf,  to  be'  retained  by  him  until  the  restoration  of  • 
general  peaee.  Thil  proposition  was  indignantly  n>|ecteds  in  e<k)ec4iaenoe 
of  which  the  traepi  were  landed  i  and  a  proebonation  was  pabUshed  bf  letA 
CaUteary  the  commander  in  chief^  stating  the  motires  and  ebjaets  of  such  » 
proceeding;  and  threatening,  tliat  in  cose  of  resistance  the  city  ofCepnktuten 
should  lie  desolated  by  Bvaay  rostzB^s  means  or  dbvastayioh.    Un« 

aared  as  the  city  then  Was,  the  erown  prhuie  gate  orders  that  it  should 
Bfimded  to  the  last  extremity.  Of  the  Danish  navy,  not  a  ship  waa  rigged,. 
and  the  crews  were  absent.  On  the ,  second  day  of  September,  the  British 
troops  commenced  the  attacic,  on  three  sides  of  the  city,  wliich  continued  for 
several  days  without  intermission;  during  which  6,500  shells  were  thrown 
into  the  town,  which  watt  soon  on  Are  in  upwards  of  thirty  places.  The  titt« 
ber  yards  were  consumed ;  the  powder  magaaine  blew  up ;  tfie  steeple  of  the 
cathedral  church  Was  in  a  blaze,  and  fell  amidst  the  continual  scouts  of  the 
British  troops.  Prom  the  mode  of  attack  which  had  be^n  adopted,  hettiUtiet 
teerenot  cmjtned  to  the  ttaiiish  letdiery  andihe  armed butghere e*igf^gtd inike 
defence  efthe  eitg/  but  extenikdte  the  inhabitante  efbeth  eexee^th*  iged,  tke 
younfff  the  injirm,  the  tick,  and  the  helplen,fir  vhote  iitfety  n»  e^rtimitfi  -woe 
afforded  of  proniiUiur,  and  great  numbera  ofwhemperithed  by  the  bunting  ^ 
vie  sheila^  the  fire  of  the  artillery ,  and  the  innumerable  aceidentt  conteguent  on 
M  dreadful  and  unexpected  an  attack.  It  soon  appeared  that  the  eity  wan 
iinkble  to  make  an  effectual  resistance  {  the  llritlsh  forces  having  approached 
with  their  trenches  so  near,  as  to  be  enabled  to  set  it  on  fire  whencTer  they 
plea-scd.  To  prevent  this  consummation  of  misery,  the  Danish  commander 
assented  to  terms  of  capitulation,  by  which  he  agreed  to  surrender  Up  the 
fleet,  upon  condition  that  the  British  arrtiy  should  evacuate  tlie  island  of 
ZoaUnd  within  »ix  weeks,  and  that  public  aiid  private  property  shotild  in  the 
mcuu  time  be  respected.* 

Of  these  horrible  scenes,  worthy  of  Alario*  Attila»  or 
Gen(;hi8  Khan*  it  U  impossible  to  read  without  shuddering 
with  horror.  £very  Englishman,  who  possesses  a  high 
sense  of  national  honour*  must  deplore  the  slain  th^  have 
impressed  on  the  eseuieheon  of  his  native  land — sind  must 
join  in  the  execration  (o  whibh  the  upri;;ht  part  of  mankiild 
have  consigned  the  ministers  who  planned  and  ortiered  the 
|iei'petratJon  of  such  a  scene  of  barbarous  and  meroilets 
outrage. 

*  Roscoe's  view  of  the  causes,  objects,  and  consequences,  of  the  present' 

war — and  on  the;  expediency  or  tlie  dangt;r  of  a  peace  witli  Fia  ice,  page  42. 


i. 
1 

n 

1 

II 

111! 

1 

I 


'ft:         i 


I 


.^1:;.:':' 


THE  OUVEintANCH. 

t  Awaj  tlMii  Ibr  eter  with  the  misenilile  eant  of «  •  tlrnf. 
|rfe/n»  ^  eaeittinee***  ai  not  merely  »  palllMiveV  but  u  Jin- 
tttleatiot  of  <•  PREYING  UPON  THE  UNPROTECTED 
PROPERTY  OF  A  FRIENDLY  POWER."*  11i»h%h 
■ad  damniiig  aeousation  against  Great  Britain*  of  ••  pn^ng 
upon  the  vnproteeted  property  of  a' friendUy  power"  was  ad> 
Taneed  by  George  Cabot,  Jamei  iJo^d,  Thomat  Perliini, 
Arnold  Welles,  and  the  other  Boston  merobants  who  signed 
the  memorial  to  eongress  in  1806;  iMit  who  have  iVom  that 
period  to  the  present  been  the  advoeates  ot'tlie  British,  ftnd 
the  aeouuert  of  their  own  government* 
*  Etery  nation  at  war  may  be  said  *•  to  etrugglefor  her  av- 
Utenee,'*  But  sheisliot  tlter«foreto  *<«tni|^(«"  her  unof- 
fending neighbours  out  of  Uieir  shipt,  their  seamen,  their 
prvipvjrty,  or  the  dearest  rights  of  their  sovereignty,  to  help 
to  preserve  herself  in  **  a  struggle,**  ereated  liy  lawless 
dmbition. 

A  few  slltort  monthti  have  elapsed  since  the  United  States, 
eontendiag  single-handed  against  the  most  formidable  naval 
power  t)iat  ever  existed,  might  be  emphatioally  and  cor- 
rectly said  to  be  «  eUruggUngfor  their  existeneet"  which  was 
really  and  troly  jeopanlissed*  What  consummate  folly  and 
madness,  as  well  as  injustice,  would  it  have  been,  to  have 
commenced  depi-edations  on  the  commerce  of  Russia,  Franee, 
Spain,  or  Holland,  and  to  add  one  or  more  of  those  nations 
to  the  list  of  our  enemies?  At  iiuch  a  oritieal  time,  it  be- 
comes nations  to  **  carry  their  faculties  so  meek,"  as  to  gijire 
no  reasonable  cause  of  offence.  If,  therefore,  the  idea  be 
eorrect,  that  Great  Britain  was  really  struggling  for  her 
existence,  so  far  from  justifying  or  palliating  her  conduct 
towards  the  United  StAtes,  it  only  more  fuHy  proves  the 
dire  insanity  of  those  fatuitous  counsels  by  which  her  afikirs 
were  directed. 


CHAPTER  LXII, 

The  loud  clamour  raised  hy  the  eastern  atatep  on  the  sulked 
of  rept'esentation,  wholly  unfounded.    The  re»ult  of  fae- 

.  tious  ddueion.  Statistics.  ExaminaHoa  of  the  represeii- 
iation  in  the  Senate.]  « 

To  reconcile  the  people  of  the  eastern  states  to  the 
parricidal  project  of  a  disstolution  of  the  union,  there  has 

*  See  Boston  mftmorial,  page  102. 

f  This,  and  the  two  succeeding  chapters,  are  extfncted  from  a  pampnlet, 
published  Nov.  2^,  1814,  by  the  author  of  the  Olive  Branch,  and  entitled  "A 
C;ilm  Address  to  ih«;  I'tople  of  the  Kastcrn  States." 


iKJ^'^-ikWEKDlX* 


$U 


beiMi  •  Rt^at  ontery  paiiod  6n  the  sul^eet  orUt  loMRNillliei 
ttHi  diflMvanttgM,  and  its  op|iretdT«  opevili«ii  An  tiuit;|wr- 
lion  *f  the  nation*  purtioulnrlj  in  regnra  to  the  f«preMiit&- 
tion  in  the  lower  house  of  congreia..  The  im^st  exir^yjiniiR^ 
errort  nre  aflont  on  thit  topic.  It  is  generally  betteyM*  tlnkt 
the  southern  states  havb  an  enormous  and  undttc^  inlluenee 
ia  thai  bod^,  in  conseqoenee  of  taking  the  •la?eainto>  i^ 
eonnt  in  fixing  the  number  of  lis  members.  > 

I  waWe,  for  a  few  minutotf»  the  oonsideratiArt  how  far  this 
inequality  and  injustioe  exist.  For  sake  of  argument*  I 
will  admit  them  tor  the  present.  And  I  i*eip«oifuUy.  asjk. 
the  reader,  whether  it  be  possible  to  form  a  partnership  or 
«onnexlon  of  any  kind,  Without  ineouatlty?  I'ake  any  spe- 
cies you  ohooiTe.  Bxamlne  th«  talentli,  the  Uddress,  the 
oapital,  the  means  of  promoting  the  joint  interests  of  the 
oontfwn ;  you  will  find  that  tlieroiis  in  some--<Mrhaps  hi;fUl 
those  respects— a  considerable  ineqnaUty-~-that  one  patty 
has  an  advantage  ia  respeot  to  uttderstanding«-or  infloence, 
and  another  in  point  of  capital  or  skill— or  in  sotne  aiher  of 
the  various  ways  in  which  men  differ  from  their  fellow  mor- 
tals. Go  to  the  married  state.  Examine  there  minutely. 
You  jilP  ^  Ji  the  case  the  si^me.  And  .1  avot,  thi|jb  it  is 
almost  aosolotely.  impossible  to  form  %ny  connexion  wluni- 
ever  t^ith  a  perfect  equality. 

This  being  obviously  and  strikingly  the  ease  in  Ihose^iMi. 
pie  associations  which  I  have  eousider^d.  how  could  it  be 
supposed  that  so  delicate  and  so  oomplicjated  an  association 
as  that  of  thirteen  independent  sovereignties,  mqre  or  less 
varlouf  in  thdr  haUts,  in  their  pro«laCtlons,  in  their  «li. 
mates,  in  their  population,  in  their  piirsuits,  could  hate 
boen  formed  without  a  spirit  of  comprom*.>e — without  a  mu- 
tual balancing  of  advantages  and  disadvaniages  ?  Toexpeot 
it,  would  be  the  quintessence  of  folly. 

But  the  reader  will  doubtless  be  astonished,  when  he  finds 
what  is  the  real  state  of  the  case.  He  will  be  convinced, 
that  the  alleged  grievances  which  have  been  made  the  in- 
struments ofexoiting  the  angry  passions,  and  preparing  our 
eastern  brethren  for  rebellion,  have  no  existence.  Let  tBe 
two  legislative  bodies  be  combined  together,  and  it  will  foe 
obvious^  that  the  eastern  stated  have  had,  and  still  have 
rather  more  than  the  share  of  influence  tb  which  their  White 
population  entitles  them.  1  have  taken  some  pains  to  make 
the  calculations  requisite  to  lay  the  real  state  of  the  case 
before,  the  public :  and  I  submit  the  result  in  both  branches 
of  the  legislature. 


Ill  1^ 


ij^i.*.; 


m 


TUEDIilTBBRAL    U. 


BMmklatUm  ^  tAsrnretmtoCfot} ./  the  miifrn  •taHfin  m  tht 
flinlflle  ff  tkit  fTnitcrf  i^taleii,  vntiugrn  unA  if  white  papula^ 
litiiMilif. 

j^oMifttioQ  of  the  United  Statei,  Anno  17d0i         S,^>S9,St6 
llfdoiOt  ■laves*  -  -  .  .  69t,607 


wMM  fopulntloBf 

t*«tttl  Mukation  of  the  eaiteni  states* 
pedttot  Mave«,       .... 


l,009,m 

t^fbite  |H>pulation« 1,005,636 

Total  number  of  Senatorii,  26. 
As  3,2S1,0SO :  88  : :  MO6,6»0 :  S.077. 

Hhii,  their  exaot  proportion^  had  tlra  slaiwe  been  i«je«t* 
«d,  was  O^fOrr  J  whereas,  they  hai  ten  senators. 


Po|idbllon  of  the  United  States*  Anno  i«00, 
^  JDwInet  slav«8»        •       -       -^       • : 

WUto  population^       •       -  -       ^ 

^'opulation  of  the  eartern  -states, 
IlMnct  stares,       *•    ''*\'      ... 


««a03,666 
8tf0fM9 

i,4«6,817 

1,283,011 

1,3S9 

1,£31,672 


Wliita  pop«lation,        .... 

Total  nvmlier  dfsenatorsr  84). 

As  4,40«,«17  :  3|b : ;  i  ,231,672 : 9.502, 

Here*  a^in,  the;  iuul  more  than  their  prpfortion*  uilmU 
was  9.M2j  whereas,  they  |iad  ten. 

Papulation  of  the  XJnHed  States,  Anno  ISI 0,         7,2S9,90S 
Deduet  slaves,       '^  |  V       -        -        -        -  rt,llpil,36* 

'^%ite  popnlation,        -        -        -        -        -^       «,0lrS,S29 

Wiut9  fUfMiittiion  of  the  (eastern  statoe,    -       -    lt4ilUftU 
■«!!fe>?"-iv-        Total  number  <^ senators,  86;  ^   ■  .  ■•■^n>^^*-:- 
As  6,0^.8,539 :  30 ::  1,471,973  : 9.760. 

On  this  1.1111  ci;nsu»«  iheir  proper  proppr^on  isS^COi 
wlftereas,  they  have,  as  befoWf  ten. 


Thus  it  is  evident  that  the  eastern  states  have  had  in  the 
senate,  more  than  their  due  proportion  of  influence  from 
the  commencement  of  tlie  government— and  that  in  the 


4vf«APP£KDlX. 


m 


present  teimte  they  Iiare  tctoally  14  per  ee«t.  more  tluw 
thfljr^re  entitled  to»  fluking  into  eontiiirtHitm  tutrdy 
the  white  population  of  the  nanon,  notwUhetandihig  tkein- 
trodMCtUm  m  new  aioxea. 

Who  can  rorget  the  daring  threat  held  out  by  Mr*  <2alnee^» 
of  resiitance  to  the  introdnotion  of  new  itatesy  •*wmi&Mi^ 
if  th^  could,  violently^ they  mu$tV*  , 

'<  Mr.  Qutncey  repeated  and  Juttt6ed  a  remark  he  had  mad«t  whieh,  to 
save  all  miajHiprehenBin  'le  committed  to  writing  in  the  ibUowiw  words  tr- 
"  "'"    ""  V  deliberate  opinion,  thitt  it  iavirtiiuly  A  Tiif 

'^v ,  that  it  will  free  the  atates  from  their  mo.  Vi     ; 


"  ir  this  bill  pusiies, 
SOLUTION  OF  r 
oblipitfon  i  ui)d  .i 
TO  FRfiPARB  Ft 
LY  IF  THBY  MU; 


rijrht  of  all,  10  it  will  be  the  Any«fHm, 
ATION,  andcubly  \f  thejf  can—tlOLBNl'. 


Any  person  unacquainted  with  the  Bulv|ect,  to  have  heard 
or  read  Mr.  Quiocey*s  gpeeoben  on  tliii  topio«  iivould  haVe 
oonoiuded— and  not  unreasonabiy — ^that  some  li^wiess  out" 
rag^  had  been  perpetrated  on  the  section  of  the  union  which 
he  represented;  and  that  it  was  robbed  of  its  doe  share  of 
influence  in  the  senate  by  that  measure.  How  astonished 
must  he  be  to  ilndf  that  from  the  oi^anization  of  the  goyern- 
iUent,  tiie  fact  lias  been  directly  the  reverse;  that  it. has 
had  more  than  its  share  of  influence;  and  that  the  other 
sovtions  of  the  union  have  had  solid  and  substantial  causes 
of  complaint  on  this  subject ! 


CHAPTER  LXin. 

Stattaliea  eonlinued.     Slave  repreaentalion  fairiy  stated* 

Besult, 

I  STOW  procop  .1  to  consider  the  state  of  the  representa- 
tion in  the  lowci*  house*  to  which  the  loud  complaints  of 
Franeis  Blake*  Mr.  Lowell*  Mr.  Harrison  Gray  Otis*  and 
their  friends*  particularly  refer  They  have  been  but  too 
successful  in  persuading  theii'  fellow-citizcAs.  that  to  the 
fatal  source  of  slave  representation  may  be  ascribed  all  the 
manifold  oppressions*  and  injustice*  which  they  allege  the 
eastern  states  have  experienced. 

i  believe  there  is  not  one  man  in  a  thousand  who  has  a 
conception  how  very  slight  the  inequality  is  here.  I  have 
asked  a  number  of  intelligent  and  well  informed  men  their 
opinions--and  some  surmised  100  per  cent,  bcyoud  the 
truth— others  were  wide  of  it  200  per  cent. 

'■■  / 

•  National  Intelligencer,  Jan.  15, 1811,  in.  the  debate  on  the  admission  of 
New  Orleans  as  a  s.t:ite, 

vr  w 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/y 


#  ,^  >^ 


«//   ■  s-^^ 


^s 


r4^^ 


{< 


^ 


.^ 


I 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


itt  Ijbi  12.2 
«   —    iii2.o 


lAO 


U 

u 


Hiotografhic 

Sdences 
Corporalion 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WUSTn,N.Y.  145M 

(716)I73-4S03 


,.v 


^.^ 


V\^< 


^ 


<i 


*^PI^' 


THE  .0mim$mim'9^' 


alliW 


■km. 


Tlie  ^lAil^  yn^oM^  of  tito  Mtoi  8tstetM>        -  > 


■•*».•' 


y-^/H 


oMo^iiii^'ii'iilirtor  iBfre  tiUMi.-  (laej  ;SfO..'  e|Mlle#.~.ii»lii'-tlie- 
•oaaite»^ Mt  of^Sft noaMM^.  Thul  li  to K^^^iiiMi' U  bo 
iMMme  f^mieiiibnipoe,  io  oIm  bi^uidb  «hej  Jra  ill  '|W^^^ 
oeQL  jMliiw,  iftoir  ^p^v^'r»»A^V^^^^  oraaeh, 
whif^is  burfor  the  inOfo  liillttenltlA»M|«|n^^ 
ab(p)ttt  1^  flier  eent.  more  thon  they  lire  fott*ry  endtf Im  to  bjr 
thf^  i$ico  popi^|tl«fi|        , , 

•ft Tieufiff  the  $Une  ttpnaenummiik  (fce  JimMft ^Jtcpre- 
9«litaf«M9*    €?et^  of  Iftliyv   XAtio^  one  i«preiiltfati«e 

«?#<ti^lfd.-^Toe»l  popidotion         -     ^  88Q,M6 

)  De^tslftTes        -       -       -       -        ^    flfl^MS 

INvide  by  the  Mtfar 0MOO)ifMi4(f 

Pivi^  1^  9MOO)O(I,0M(8 

Mffrootioii  n^eeted  -  -  ■     ^flOiMlk 

Niiie  r«q[^seatative8--j>7  for  whitei--^  fbriliivofc  * 


IMoetslayes 


<98,5i8 


■> 


mnvmoL, 


^m0^^mii^>»fkm^^ 


ii«4  thM^ifllMfir^niHS  tUvet 


•/-,-  ■' 


myo^itysB/mmiftimiif 


%mI 


•|T-?'..'rrv.  ■    . 


'   .^'-  (• 


m/m^ 


^i 


ll/Jr^ 


iil^lJif^Elit  aT  ^^ffil  diikfet 


■'n 


■'    M 


iMm 

'.',^..,>' 


DMde  fiy  li;iM»(lQ«IM^^^ 


^. 


;)  iv 


4' 


^JmiIJ^  C»foKiia.*-Total  p<>piiUitioii 


<1' 


J -^  DitUle  by  »«^)«l8.r60(6 

JimtMOndfr  -  -  -  ;%7|l!|l 

JMdUine*lilliiftori98»a65ilftTeBv  117,837 


:  .r.V.A 


Bifid*  by  8«,00Q)t36,«87(S 
»i.*8r 


fiiMtfani  TCJeeted  -, 

NiBf  tfpnMDtetivet— six  for  i^bites— tbree  for  lUitei. 


*'%^»: 


THE  QimiB  mMrGH. 


"^*'^^iStiSiy*^°^^^' 


i.  ■ : " 


A.4    ^ 


BtirM^  ligrtfM<W)i^isil(i 


^i^0-illlbi  o^mM^  Ali'l^ 


■.^^V-^ 


i.#».;v-: 


— ''T»rn  ill   ' 


aix 


-  '■',"■  ji 


ili01]if«64ft]ii  (fiTMiSSft  slives 


i»ti 


(im^^i|^^.lA«  slave  feprewfUi 


In  ike 


Ne«.T«r1(,  by  the  iintar^  %t  eea8D8,liM;|kM|  fdr  ten 
yewrpttiMvi  w>U  inve  for  (en       % joii#  ihi>fii  representntive. 
Totalpo^ationoflle«r-Vjt^  Ansoim      840,130 
IMtoei^Te-i"  ' -.. ..'  ■ .  -v.. ,a;, - -■ . '        -  2M24i 


I    I      H   I  I.II 


/^  :Fj>ivide  by  the  ratio  6f83,000)81f,7M(9 

Bmnaiwler. -^  .'    ,■--.•- .^,-'*.  < .-,   ■  ^..^t^Hi^- 

AiM  thmte-IUIths  of  21,324  slaves  -  1£,79^ 

%i^1^  t)WidebyA9^0Q0)$4»fii(l 

FraettoiTTeieeted  .      :     .  .  i^fi$9 

Total  ponalatioB  of  New-TovK,  Anno  1810      Mmi 
Bednet  daves    -       .  .  -  i5,on 


piyide  by  35,OO0)9^t4O(26 


Remainder  -  - 

Add  ihrM!»afl^f  of  15^017  shkVcs 


34,i%o: 

''     ' -^■''9,00ir--f^-^' 
43449 


■<,  'V^'-i 


m» 


■  ■.•••■■■  'jit  '  '■ 


O^dl^lJtiMrM 


^vv^'- 


♦  ■,  ■  ■   ^' 


Divide  bjr  S5,000)«ft^ri^l 
Add  tfiliB«.flf1tlit  •fMTr  -  9.5QI 


..r>v/-\-.^,,v 


■-i    -iVv^-- 


jmmim^ 


l»78«ijM^^.9|^ 


■•^ 


M<» 


i-..\i: 


HitMi^lilitettBi  t»  li«r  great  hoiiwirf  has  bo  tliMrejib    iNiiV 
it  i»  a earloiu.  Iiet>  that vdio  haa a tftfrefeatatirraf  her 


•iridteian 
filaeki 


This>  divided  by  35,000.  juttdUowt  her  tihrntymeiillieif. 
DiBdiiott^e  blacks,  and  she  w^oiifi^  haVe  bat  nineteen. 


ITew-Torlc 

I^taware 

Maryfatiil 

finfiiiiil 

llbnhCarDriiia 

So^ii  Carina 

Cleergia 

Tennessee 

Hentuchy 


^  ,■■ -w.  ■'■■  -  . 
4 

;  1.  ■  ..... 

7 
.  '    1  , 

■;  i  : .  . 


.%«iiH<f» 


S*1H^- 


1*.  M  i^ 

/  '  ■  -  # 


The  fiiBewiog  views  display  the  very  eitriJNidiBaity  tee^ 
qaaUtiee  tliat  exist  in  the  representation  ill  tlie  seMlib 


-  * 


w$ 


TRB  IMAVIII' WkNCH. 


1lM||ftd4l;Mtiliiiy|  tie  i^oeiiltgr  of  mutud  fbrbMirmMe, 
imm  UmkXh  iplrlt  of  oompronlM  thtt  i^rtliM  III  the 
Mi^MMTeBtloi. 

YIEWL 


SlMMfitellOttt      700,r4S 

Newliimpthire  914,480 

Vwmm  S17,I»« 

Coin|ctl«1|t  361,633 

RlMdoltUmd  76,833 


■1  ■ 


1,471,555     It) 


Blew  York'  944,03^ 

ponniylvsAia  809,396 

Virginia  583,104      ' 

Nortli  Carolina  386,676 

Kentucky  .385,050 

3,«38,058     to 


'Hthm  k  Htpeart  that  the  eaatem  atatei  with  only  free 
penona       -      -       -      -       -       -       -      -     i,4ri,sss, 

nay*  ai  much  influence  in  the  aenate,  aa  the  abotre  five  . 
middle  and  lj|)^them  atatea  with       -       ••       -.,  -.  3y036,0S8. 


'  i         Free|)er^om.8eniton. 
NewfianpaUre  314^460 
Vermont  317,805 

Connecticut         366,633 
Rhode  laland        76,833 


775,810       8 


IVaeMinom.8«ii«toii. 
New  York  $44,081 


Pennsylvania 
Virginia 
North  Carolina 


•00,306 
583,104 
386,676 

3,733,108 


Four  of  the  eaateni  8tatee»  with  775,810  flree  penoni 
have  M  noeh  influenoe  as  four  middle  and  southern  states 
with  1^7tS»108— and  four  timet  as  liiaoh  as  Pennsylvania 
with  799^6. 

VIEWIU.  ; 


Fi«e  persons.  Senators. 
Maasaehttsetu     700,745 
New  Hampshire  314,460 


Vermont 
Connectk^Ht 
Rhode  laknd 


817,895 
361,533 
76,823 


1,471,555     10 


Maryland 
Virginia 
North  Carolina 
Ohio 
ILentucky 
Tennessee 
South  Caroling 
Georgia 


Wee  permmi.  Senaton. 
96»,044 
583,104  ' 
386,676 
930,760 
335,050      . 
317jl93 
31iB,750 
147,315 


3,377,691     16 


Tbe  feidt  of  this  oomparisoa  was  utterly  unexpoeted.  It 
hai  «ntMised  me  exei^niKly»  and  wHl  no  doubt  surprize 
tte  Mader.    It  is  a  fair  m  overwhelming  tiew^of  the  eott,* 


AnPJBMIIilX. 


m 


pir^f  •  kiiMMe  to  the  wMto,  «f  llw  WNniartagt  ilma  ' 
tntod,  adr  epiireiMd  •'imUImi  «f  Ntw  Buftoai''  witk  thai 
•r  th«  ^Mlk  if  the  MMtoat  ••■tofe  ftatea^'^  m  tbfjrM 
ealled*  It  itpfetn  thM  the  IhnMr  hwre  eie  tfepniewatlfi 
is  lenete  for  eteiy  •  -  -  i47,ifffreeperMwti 
ud  that  the  letter  here  one  for  eveiy  14S»M0       Of> 

tlie  aMItieii  ef  LeeletoMi  hai  ftNMed  the  itate  ef  the  le- 
prcientalklB.    It  mOus  the  mtto  for  the  itore  itatei  ihiiilt 

VIEW  It. 


Rhode  JsImkI 


9ifHi  pcnMi*.  iMMton. 


76,833 
68,497 

145,330 


New  York  944,039 

Poniuylyanift       79»,89« 

1,743,338      4 


One  fbee  peridn  in  l)elaware  or  Hhode  Iiland,  it  (•  ohft- 
OM  flroBi  the  above  view*  ftoUBUtmu  at  mueh  influeaee  in  the 
unate  of  the  United  Statei  at  twelve  in  New  York  or  Fenh- 
ijlvapiia.  And  one  in  Delaware  poiieitei  nearly  at  mueh 
u  fenrteea  in  Ni*w  York.  One  in  Abode  Itland  ha»  noM 
tliMi  tevon  in  Virginia. 


VIEW  V. 


Iree  pe^MM.  Senaton. 
New  Hampshire  214,460 
Connecticut  366,633 

Rhode  Island         76,633 


517,934    .  6 


Virginia 


Free  penoni.8eiuton. 
583»104 


,    538,104       3^ 

Three  eattem  ttatei»  with  557,924  Tree  pertont  have  tik 
tenatort,  and  Virginia  with  58S»i04,  hat  but  two.  x 

U  the  witett  and  bett  of  the  citiaens  ot  the  United  Statee^^ 
asiembled  la  oonvention*  with  General  Wathington  and  Dr. 
Franklin  at  their  head,  found  it  neoettary  for  the  peaee  aad 
hap^ineipt  and  retpeotabilitv  of  the  eountr}'»  to  ratify  tfaw 
coiistitntion^  with  tueh  prodigiout  inequalities  at  are  ttated 
above,  it  it  not  diffleuU  to  fornt  an  oi^nion  on  the  fddly  aitfd 
wipked^ett  of  the  lend  eOni|daintt  of  injustice  and  inequali- 
ty, on  peinft  to  thelatt  degree  intigiufieant,  whereby  the 
spirit  Of  ledition  hat  been  excited  in  the  eastern  ttatet. 

The  war  quettion,  it  hat  been  tald,  was  carried  by  the 
slave  repreientatives.  Thit  it  an  egregiout  error.  The 
mi^Qrity  in  the  lower  houte  wai  SO.  AimI  the  whole  Bam* 
ber  of  tlave  repretentativet  it  only  i9.  So  that  had  they 
been  wholly  njjeeted,  the  Vote  would  have  been  carried.   I 


IBE 


CH. 


K»lbr,  Hi*  ikve  r«|Ktuiiliitif«t  lh»Bi  New  ¥ork  snd 
wtlTt-  Um  eoBfeid«nli<Ni>  ttf  tho  liet»  titftt  ^eftii  meaberi 

'"^.;'''-'  ■•   •  '     • '   '■    '■>  ■■■■■-"  ^  _v..rt-^?>;5V,  , 

A  ftdr  iriew  of  all  the  >«dediig  teUetf^  A#tiii  will 
•Mlf&AH^r  niM^VOt  wMly  detUt^to  of  ^ratft  «4  ja^idoar, 
tliait|i$  iittoi^il  of  w  eatteni  putes  hate  I16M1  IsafarMUjr 
aMk^  ia  Mil  bi^faes  i»f  tt||p  l^g^lature  of  me  anion. 
TMf  fioniplamU  are  lo  the  last  degree  ffN»iiiillei|  aad  Ike- 
tioai.;  #lt  willrfiiHher  i^roye,  flNt  JBdlb/llfMa  im  itlk^g. 
ar  i^and  of  eomplai'fit  b^^fiur  In  ibeieiiatOrial  BrattOii  than 
tlie  eattern  vtatos  ii  tte  ollMup.  With  h  miilaUoil  or3o)n!l96 
f ffe  99fn^  #he  hat  lint  hro  a^inl^Mf^  wher^^ 
:  B||pBy<i|iir«r  y^rmou^y  l^o^e  Islaa^,  and  Coan^fHJdatrw^^^ 
t7iAiQ,  fvkye  eight.    Tne  diflbreiioe  Is  mriniiiis  and  im- 

iiiiiafcii  ■      '"  '         "  ''      ''■"'.■■'  -■'■'.■    ',  ■  '■  -  .-Mif  t';_^. -V"-^  ^.•■..,>5 ,, ' 

StaSmeni  6fth$iwn^efi>fmembtr8  in  the  hduit^cftfptmn- 
<>.  7  ttUivt8t  after  tlu  dijfermt  CemU 

^  Fpt.    Second.     Thisd. 

•  New  Hampshire*        -        -        *  '»  -    '^i  f  g 

Massadiuset^y  -  ■'♦  ^^'^4f^^ti- • '.( '  .  . ,14  -v  •->, i-'rtyf; ^■; 


Connecticut, 
Ith6d&  Island,    ■> 
K^wYorlc,    4^ 
NewJersf^      - 
Pennsylviuua> 

Delaware,  V  '^*\ 
Maryland,      -  .,/ 

Vu|»infa,  -. 

N<jnthXiin>lini^ 
SoiftbiiCar^Utta, 
Georgin^        - 
K^itucky,     ,^    - 

T«nne8f"«e,.N.  *■'■•'.., 
Ohio,  »  !'  '  't- 
iAuisiana,      -r 


-  ■^' 


20 

- ' ,,  -/  1'    :  ■  '  '1, '    -■■  -2' 

-      19  32  i2S 

■,  --.    ,-10  '■    ^-  l2'-'',r;';'l3- 


':  :-        -  ;       .  ■  ■ ...     '0  '    ^'  '■  ■  '&'-■':■■■'  idi 

Ap"/j».     ,k  ■,<.■,^^..-.,•^  ■■  ■      ,;0i;    /;■'    ■    ►-■S^fil'      ..'6 

"  '• ",  -  '  .    .     ,  '109   :..'iir:'^'"''j82 

•:  ■'  •        .  ■;  i--'  r  -■'ft  ■■       ■  ;.-.  -v,  ,'  ■'-!»'''*■'   ^  ' 


ijroBROIX. 


•ra 


Mrmig  anmncpoe,  to  frMMfe  nami/actKMy.,    Iwlrltf 


tflitiiietfeiijilin'.itiltftihl^^  

tb^  I*  ^faShi  of  eMi«Mer»ble  iojI^HutiBi;  oii  iHiiIti  (Hiv 

on  mth  M  ti  deiirfthle  iMy  •houM  ftfte  eorre^t  ODiidMit.  * 

P»|1ie  lidliif^iitntlidl^^ 
cynjiifliitmn  M(aatt(t"t>7  «Ji^  iqif^t^Me  to^tftttj^io^ibiiir- 
moree,  dUd  tlult  fheir  netsiireiliiati^  bMn  diotattd  bV  <l  de- 
sire to  dottjmr  it«  ittr  the  piirpOM  of  iMiirlng  tKe  immiwt' 
ekA  itateii  Bii  been  ftlramed  -  is  to  tiieoiiIrote^Htife  IkM, 
wMeh  eouM  iH^ther  be  dbmited  nor  denied.  It  b«»  blsBn*  kv 
I  hate  sfnted,' re^bebbed  jbgr  governors  nnd  Irgiyln^bl^H^ 


iiilUidi#iil6rgr  Writers  In  toewt|i^rs^-iuld  by  eannllj 
matory  cleKynien  in  their  pu|iit8,  until  any^oubt  of  it  is 
iMdH^edtoie^aoK^lelied  and  faeterodosiealr  ^  'm:  donl^  of 
any  of  Clie  ihtMUleiT  of  the  Koraii  U  regarded  by  the  mnfU 
at  f Jodstantlnimle,  • 

ItWas  the^Mi^  to  find  some  motiTO  Ibr  this  hostility/ 
rtwotthf  hive  been  too  monstrous  to  assert  that  the  $outh' 
enurtf  as  eome  ofthe  eastern  writers  have  stiled  th(^|ieo]ile 
df  the  sonthem  states*  destroyed  eoMmeree  to  pMmote 
agrieulturet  and  of  eourse  to  aovanee  their  own  interests, 
lliis  would  not  stand  exaoiiiaatioat  and  w!^<^  therefore  afjan- 
doned*  It  was  however  neoessary  to  de. L'^^^  some  pretext. 
Abd*  it  has  a  thousand  |imes  been  asserted,  thattft^  hotHH-' 
tuto  eommtretMii^m^fiirti^a'deiiretoptampte  nkmnfaeturet* 
£p*8fldtlU0  «of^  i(UthM9  5ee»  beliee^  by  the  *»  vMt  en-> 
ligmufd**  ^riUm  &f  **ilu  mo»t  dulightened  natUm  inth» 

/Hie  fbUowing  fiiets  will  shew  the  transeendent  foll|yof 
this  allegation*  ^ 

.  I.  Tkt  wM^m  «ettee»ltoi«fiaflieroif«yii«d  l#i|iorlattt  monit* 
ftutiwHSf  0^iMBh§A  on  a  lange  nitd  extmnve  9CtUe, 

9.  TUtt^trntOMmimtf  ofa  lai^  portion  of  their  «0U»  and 
the  eomi^Kimtive  iSinUUy  of  their  population,  render  manO' 
fadtilrliige«U|b1iih|n^nts  iniitpeiuahly  neee$saryto  tlum,    • 

S.  fPhoyaM  therefiiire  dee^  and  vitaljly  interaiUdiu  fhe 
pi<o«oN«i^iM^<i^etttr0»,  without  whieU  tliey  would  be  ia 
a(^roat  mea«|iro  dtpopulatid  by  the  attraotionsof  the  wi^itern, 
middleyaiMl  southern  states. 


sr% 


iri 


rilB  OU¥lfi  MttkMCH. 


4»  11i0  Bumnfketaret  of  the  loatlieni  itftiet  »re  pciMi- 
(Ailly  !■  private  feaiUlee. 

fti  These  statee  hate  no  redandft«t  popnuHien.  Their 
people  Hod  lUleuplojrnent  is  ngrieulluM*    '  ^ 

6.  3%«  have  thertfoH  UUh  or  no  inlertil  In  the  premoUoit 
((f  mamMjaeimreo, 

7«  But  the  reduetion,'  or  restrielion,  or  li^ttiy  Of  eom- 
moNe*  eatraol  /a<(  vitally  <o  tfif^  them»  by  lefcaiiiyr  tht 
demntfdforr  and  towofing  the  priee  aft  iMr  prodiienant. 
We  hove  f«e»lhat  H  km  frodueedikUeffkit  to  a  meet  minoiie 
eortenli  - 

•  8»  lilkveeiitibly  followi«  that  if  the  sonthern  tUileiWM- 
toiily  4eetregped  or  reatrieled  eoniinereet  to  pronaie  nauitt- 
feetiiriey  it  tpoulA  he  inJUeHng  the  moet  oenone  emd  vttal 
(f^ry  Ml  tiemfeivef /vr  the  mere  fnrjfote^f  earning. tkoee 
etalef  ie  which  ihcy  ore  eoM  la  hear  an  tfivelcrQlje  afiil  ieadly 
hoeUut$.m 

9,  WboeTer»pojMesiiii«  any  mind*  ean  dineiniaate  Iheie 
Ptilnion<»  must  nuiaa  to  deeelTe  f  for  he  eaom^i  poiiiblj  be- 
Ueve  ^iem  himtelf. 

10*  'liyVioever  ean  belleye  in  thefe  abiurditiea*  may  believe 
that  rivi^l^  oeoaHionally  travel  to  their  sQureenr^that  lambt 
devour  wolves-^that  heat  produoes  iecH-that  *' thomi  pro> 
duee  fig8*'-^-or*  what  ii  aloioat.  ae  abf  urdf ,  that  t^e  Mil  of 
j^lassaehniettft  is  as  feriilei  and  the  eliniate  asiaildi  as  the 
elinate  and  soil  of  South  CwroUna  or  Geor|^ 


CHAFFER  LXY. 

Jl^'lia  ideate.    System  of  Claenfteatum  propoeei  in  Con- 
<  ,  grese.    Bejectei,    Jb/j^ul  outcry* . 

TotTABDB  the  dose  of  the  late  war  with  Great  Btitaio, 
an  BtteiApt  wa^  made  in  C6ngress  to- employ  In  the  defonee 
of  th^  nation  a  portion  of  the  militia*  in  a  mode  th^'most 
simpfet  he  ^ost  practieable,  the  most  effleieat-^^ind  at 'the 
same  time*  the  least  burdensome*  that  was  ever  adoftted  in 
any  eouiatry*  Those  persons  throuf^ont  t|ie  United  States* 
who  are  subject  to  militia  daty*  were  to  be  divided  into 
dlasscs*  each  of  twenty -five.  Eyeiy  o|ass  wastolterhish 
one  of  its  members*  who  was  to  serve  for  one  yeai^  #r  du- 
ring the  war>  and  whose  bounty  was  to  be  eontrihiijled  by 
the  rest  of  the  elas^  in  certain  proponlions.  -  Or*  if  WQne  of 
the  elass  thought  proper  to  serve*  a  reemit  Wae  to  be  entist- 
e4  at  their  joint  expense.* 

*  These  were  the  giand  important  features  Of  TMtoas  plslis  Stitaitted  to 


>  JkflTBNBlX.  Hfv 


$7i 


'Agtimt  tiiitiMble  tjtton  •rddbB«e«  Mfqiitabitt  Mjuc^ 
•0  nneiceptionaUe—to  adeqmUe  to Iti  tadi  i>  eavjr  an4  Arc* 
ftfMii  bttrini  lo  our  citlMDi--.M  UMf  ta  brioff  Ui«  war  to 
•  dote,  by  «o«vlMiii|p  ibt  CM«y  of  Oie  imyiMbUMy^^r 
mftkiig  wuj  Impreulon  on  im— there  wet  a  moijt  hldefMii 
ovtery  rirdfed  in  «nd  dot  of  oongreM-HHi  ovleiy  h^My  4it- 
SraeelU  And  meHoufc  II  WM  bniaded  with  the  odioit  mim 
of  •'  OHumifllmh**  ead  identlAed  with  the  horrible  Mitenp 
of  ^kHMMurte,  whereby  the  whole  naU  pepwlation  of  mneo 
WM  ul^eet  to  hif  demotle  will  md  pleaMire, 

The  attempt  was  of  eoerte  defeated.  To  the  paitiont  of 
the  peo^  the  ttoit  ittflanaatorj  appeaU  wcro^maiM.  A 
noeilaBMBtabledelBtioa  prevailed  on  the  tuUeet. .  Maajr 
of  oar  oHteeat  werot  by  uneeaeiifB  r fforte,  led  to  belie? e, 
that  tho  plan  was  wholly  upreeedented  in  ibii  eoaatryi 
that  It  was  atterfy  oneonititutional  and  peraieioNB  i  and 
that  it  wae  intended  at  the  hatit  of  a  military  detpotltmr 
jhnd  to  eiMh  an  »wfttl  extent  wat  (he.  Ilvnsjr  earrlM>  that 
open  reiift«ne»  wai  not  obtenrely  tlireatened.  Sexegeaari' 
an  re terant,  ihakibg  their  hoary  lockt,  and  harnitliing  (heir 
ratty*  rerolutioaaiy  arms,  were  ditpoted  to  pnnith,  at  the 
poiat  of  the  bayonet*  those  whom  they  were  tanght  to  rer 
gard  at  riolatore  of  the  tenttitution. 

It  it  hardy  poMible  to  eoneeivo  of  a  more  awful  delation* 
Nitver  were  the  publie  eaUibiUty  and  eredulity  more,  mite- 
rabiv  played  vpoa.  For*  at  I  hare  already  ttated,  it  Is 
hardly  pottible  to  eontrive  a  plan  of  publie  defence  more 
just*  more  rational*  more  unexceptionable*  or  more  effi- 
oient. 

Let  at  examine  the  matter.  Reeruits  for  a  year,  eoultl 
have  been  readify  procured  at  any  time  for  twe  huikdred  dol- 
lars. Of  course  the  tax  on  eaeh  individual*  of  twenty-five 
persoips  bou'i^  to  furnidi  a  recruit*  would  lie  only  ei^ht  dol- 
|art«  for  which  he  would  be  exempt  from  all  the  dangers* 
aoil  hardships,  and  privations  of  a  military  life ! 

iThe  liiritiih  government  would  probably  baye  made  im- 
aiense  siieriilees  to  prevent  the  establishment  of  such  a  sys- 
tem. It  was  the  measure  most  really  formidable  and  effi- 
eient  againit  her  veteran  armies,  that  had  been  devised. 
But  surely  this  ouglit  to  have  been  no  reason  why  American 
legislators,  should  oppose  it — or  why  the  factious  and  tu- 

Congress,  utd  to  the  Lej^isUtare  of  Pennsylvaniat  which  wete  absurdly  and 
disgrae^fully  rejected.  There  were  some  unessential  differences  between 
tliem,  not  worth  attention  in  this  discussion.  To  the  honour  of  the  enlight- 
ened patriotic  Legislature  of  New- York,  tliey  were  not  deterred  by  the 
wretched  clamour  th<tt  prevailed  on  this  subject.  Tlusy  passed  an  act  to 
(•Jsc  10,000  m£;n  on  the  classification  plam..  ... 


Sf 


THE  OlflTVnUNCH. 


biMmm  MMHaM*  ImM  to  denovBee  th*  qfttoai.  tliMM  be 
evlofiied  m  difjilftyt  orv«<  the  tfirii  tf  MVMly^ito**'*  Hai 
fMh  A  WNI0M  i|4rU  pr«T»iM  In  ^9,  iMf  ritrlont  eoai. 
tfj.frMM  M?w  ln?e  wuwyd  ftwm  its  •floniiil  tad  deftii4> 

Mil  ttet6* 

Ftmi  tte  ntnne  AblMmBt.  of  w«n  md  tghtiagt, 
nMMbtted  I17  tome  of  (he  member  TeoagMH  ifrem  (Mr 
IraNtan*  mm  himenlotkHM*  Md  tlrong  MMibUKIetr  •(  (he 
yoMlUe  lew  efo  ilBglo  llfet  •  Mrmiger  might  Mppiie  Ihey 
were  qaal|«n  or  meaealittf  who  were  oot  moMly  eoMeleB* 
tlonshr  lempuletta  ogoiott  eorrying  orms  (homwlvet*  but' 
prioeijpled  iMlMt  worlhre  ol(oge(her.  Aod  from  th«  dell- 
eoey  of  th«r  ooiie(i(o(ioB»l  exeeptiom  and  ot|eetioBe»  il 
might  be  reaionablj  preeaaMd.  if  (he  eoaitiUitioa  wefeaet 
at  war  with  tueb  a  preMmpUen*  that  there  waa  aofower 
giwNiy  or  inteaded  to  be  eonvejred  (o  the  geaeral  goTern- 
meatf  to  eommaad  or  eoeree  (he  miUlargr  eerriee  of  aay  ia- 
dlvidaal  dtiaea*  It  would  appear*  that  the  eUlmat  of  (he 
Uailed  Statei  had  obtained  letters  pateat  Arom  Heaven  far 
eii}o}'ing  aH  the  bcneflts  of  looiety  and  of  eelf-goTemmeat* 
withoutt'ishineeitheriifeor  limb— or  thedding  a  drop  of 
Uood  in  tfieir  defence. 

While  the  publie  delniion  on  (his  topic  lasted^  anrament 
wai  ntelest.  Pr^dioe,  and  potsiont  and  irrationality*  tl- 
mott  nniferially  predominated^  But  every  fpeeiei  of  felly 
aad  madaoM  hat  itt  day.  After  itt  tpett  it  dinohed,  it  be- 
eomet  barmleis  and  inoflbntive.  It  it  thea  a  lUr  tubjeet  of 
inquiry  aad  inTettigaUon.  llie  uuderttanding  of  (he  publie 
mair  be  addretifnd  with  h  tolei^le  ehanee  of  tuooest. 

I  thereiore  venture  (o  ditouss  the  8ubject»  and  tolioit  the 
oalm  attention  of  the  reader.  In  eate  of  future  wart*  f ram 
whioh  we  caanbt  hope  to  be  exempt*  it  may  be  of  oonsideta- 
ble  importaace  to  establish  eorreet  opinions  ona<sul^eot 
inferi«H>  to  none,  in  importance— >I  mean  the  most  digtble 
mode  of  pdblie'dcfenoe. 

1  tberefora  undertake  to  prove .  these  seven  propositlonB : 

1.  That  there  is  no  principle  more  elcariv  reoogpized  aad 
esthblished  in  the  constitutions  and  laws  of  the  several  states, 
than  tBB  aioBT  or  sociktt  to  ke<ivirb  and  cokkcI^i 

AS  WBLl  AS  THE  OCTT  OF  THE  CITIEK|r  TO  AWOfiO,  MIIiI- 
TABT  SERVICE  POB  TBK   GENERAL  DBTBHCp. 

2.  That  the  power  of  congress  to  call  forth*  and  order 
the  employment  off  the  militTa*  in  cases  of  inviin*Dn«  rebel> 

*  In  several  parts  of  the  union,  factions  meetings  were  held  to  denounce 
tliis  plan,  wlKxe  proceedings  were  detailed  in  many  of  our  papers,  headed  in 
Jorge  letters  with  the  words, "  SPIRIT  Of  76." 


aft 


Um  «r  iMimMlMf  !•  m  tlwriy  BrtitHAii  t  >iy 


^ItwermCad  la  chatlMriT. 
the  iMde  mi 

aid  OBluit. 


8.  That  the  naade  of  drafUag*  faaatallf  fMMvIM  kft 
tke  aiUICia  laws  af  Um  wfaral  tlaiatt  It  ifptiMlfiyiMfiav 


*.  iW  tha  Ibraa  to  diaftad  to  geaerally  teeSatoal,  jUd 
Mionnaafly  aipaathra.  »^^ 

••  That  Cha  qrttam  of  alauttflatloB  to  (Im  aan  laifavHal 
-*4ha  aMit  agtaaloan  aaJ  tha  laast  apptaaitoa  BMia  af 
ealHag  lata  oparaUaa  tha  nilUlaf  of  apy  af  tha  plaai  that 
hava  atar  haaa  davliad* 

0.  That  tha  prapawd  ^jttasaf  aknilfaattoa  fiavailei 
dari^t tha wtolatiaa  aad af aoana» iaitaaaofhaviag baaa 
bairaiired  fraai  Baaaparta  by  oar  prat^i  ralarit  wai»  If 
barrowod  at  all»  baitowad-l^  Fraaea  ffhim  this  aaaatiy. 

7.  That  tha  alaafMeaHaa  or  aonwriplioB  qrataai*  BMit 
•tobaraUly  inatarad  by  Oaaaral  Kaos*  ^ad  ita«p«d  with 
tka  laal  of  Geoaral  Waihlogtan*!  appi«balioa»  %viif  mnr^ 
itriet  aod  axleailve  la  iti  provinioBii  thaa  aiqr  af  tha  reaaat 
phMt. 


CHAFTEBLXTL 

JUgkt  €f  SoeUty  to.  eoeree*  and  imtj^  ^  CUituiu  to^fard, 

of  Ihe  «evei*al  ataUa, 

To  eitabltoh  mv  firit  point,  that  **  there  to  ao  prinoiple 

more  elearly  recognized  and  eitab1ished>  in  the  oonstitiitlont 

and  )awt  of  the  several  itates,  than  the  ri|^t  of  loelety  to 

require  and  eoeroe*  as  well  ai  the  duty  of  toe  eitisen  to  afo 

fonly  military  service  fbr  the  general  dereneet**  I  mbmit  to 

the  reader*  the  moit  latisfaotofy  Extracts  firom^the  eoniti- 

tutioni  of  New-flattipihire,  Yerniont,  BlaisaehiMvBttf,  New- 

Yorfct  Penaivlvania,  Delaware,  and  Kentael^;  aad  froni 

tlie  militia  laws  of  MaBsaehnsettB,  Conneeti^at,  Rhode 

llland,  New-lrovii«  New- Jersey,  Pean^liraaia»  Belaware, 

Mai7land,  Georgia,  and  Kentneky.    These  are  all  tha 

states  whose  statute  books  I  have  been  able  to  procnre. 

The  declaration  of  rights  of  the  state  of  New-HampshirOf 

expressly  provides  that  " 

*<  Every  member  of  the  commonity  has  a  ri|(ht  to  be  protected  tqr  iti  in 
the  enioyment  of  his  Iife»  liberty,  and  property :  he  ie  therefere  bound  to 
contriDute  hi*  share  to  the  expense  of  such  protection  <  and  QI^TO  YIELD 
HIS  I'EUSONAL  SEBVICE  WHEN  NECESSARY,  or  an  equivalen$}' 

It  gives  the  governor  for  the  time  being  complete  and  plen- 
ary power,  «*  by  himself  or  any  chief  commander  or  officers  ,•' 


ffl 


THE  aUIFB  MANCH. 


«•  ir«  tnli^  MMftinf ,  «Mreiie,  md  g«ixmthemtUttewiditti^i  tnd  fop 
tlie  ipeeial  defenoe  md  Mfetv  of  the  state,  to  Mtemble  in  martul  array,  and 
Qj^put  in  wtarUkt  future  tht  inliabitanit  thtreo/i  and  to  lead  and  conduct 
mem;  attd  inth  thtiM  encounter,  repabe,  repel,  resist  and  pumie,  by  force 
4#kM|i»  M>  nctt  lif  left  u  by  land,  oC^wffAA*  ofuT  wUktut  Me  li$itttt  vfth^ 
»tal»,  every  such  person  or  persons  as  shall  at  anv  future  time  attempt  the 
dMbrocUsBi  iawaaion,  detriment,  or  annoyance  of  the  state." 

It  further  invest*  the  governor  with  the  mighty  and  tre- 

lBeil4««l9  pOWOTf 

**  T«  uae  and  esmclae  over  the  army  and  nary,  anil  wtf  tht  militia  in  aetuat 
MrWee»jldrTilB,L4W  MARTIAL  IN  TIME  OP  WAR,  INVASlpN.  AND 
ALSO  JN  ttEfi^LLIbN,  declared  by  tlie  legislature  to  exist,  as  Occasion 
.  ahall  necessarily  mjuire."  '}    ' 

NothioffMin  jie  more  clear  and' explieit  than  these  pro- 
^sloiis.  ^ilkey  level  In  the  dust  the  volumes  of  rant  and 
deQlamatiott,  Vbioh  have  been  uttered  in  congress,  and  with 
vrliiehr  the  jpi^e^i  h4s  teemed,  on  thi^  important  topic. 

'liin  (Bonstittttion  of  the  state  of  Massachusetts  contains 
the  samcprovistcns,  couched  in  the  very  same  words  as  that 
of  Nevtr^Hampshirc.  One  has  been  obviously  copied  from 
the  other.  It  Is  therefbre  unnecessary  fbr  nie  to  make  any 
extract  Arom  that  of  the  former  state.  I  refer  the  reader 
to  the  volume  of  the  Gonstttntions  of  the  United  States. 

Tbe  constitution  of  New- York:  explicitly  declares  that 

**  whereas  it  is  of  the  lilnibst  importance!  to  the  safety  of  every  state,  that» 
it  should  alvraya  be  in  a  condition  of  defence,  and  CC^\t  18  THE  DUTY 
or  EVBUV  MAN  WHO  BNJOY9  THE  PROTECTION  OP  SOCIETY, 
TO  BB  PSBPABBP  AND  WILLINO  10  DEPEND  IT.  Therefore  this 
convention,  in  tlie  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  this  stf  te, 
doth  ordain,  determine,  and  declare,  that  the  militia  of  this  state,  at  all  times 
hereafter,  as  freU  in  peace  as  in  war,  i^j"  thall  h^  aruud  and  diteipliatd,  and 
IN  READINESS  POR  SERVICE." 

The  declaration  of  rights  of  the  constitution  of  Yermont, 
states  that 

"  fivei^  member  of  society^uith  a  right .  to  be  protected  in  the  enjoyment 
of  life,  liberty^  and  property ;  and  therefore  is  bound  to.  contribute  his  pro- 
portion  toward  the  expenses  of  tl)at  iMx>tection,  and  QC}*  YIELD  HIS  PER- 
SONAL SEttVlCE,  when  necessary,  or  an  equivalent  thereto.*  •••JVor  eun 
any  man  wM  i»  eanaeientioutltf  tcrupuUiu  of  beofing  armt,  be  juattg  cnupetted 
thereto^  (O*  IF  HE  WILL  PAY  SUCH  EQUIVALENT." 

The  old  constitution  of  Pennsylvania  is  in  unison  with 
those  already  quoted— viz. 

"  Every  member  of  society  hath  a  riglit  to  be  protected  in  tlie  enjoynMmt 
of  life,  liberty,  and  property;  and  therefttre  (Cyta  ioundto  centrHmte  kit  pro- 
ptTtian  towards  theerpente  nf  that  protection,  or  Q^an  equivalent  thereto  t  btU 
no  part  of  a  man's  property  can  be  justly  taken  fWim  him,  and  applied  to 
public  uses.  Without  his  consent,  or  tfuit  of  his  legal  representatives':  nor  can 
ai)v  man  who  is  consKsicntiously  scrupulous  of  bearing  arms,  be  justly  cond- 
pelled  thereto,  (XT'  if  he  will  pat/  such  an  equivalent." 

Tlie  existing  constitution  of  Pennsylvania  is  equally  clear: 

"  The  freemen  of  tl>is  comroonwcaUh  iXj"  shall  be  armed  and  discipUneilfor 


Mj ,  At PENOIX. 


1--4 


i7«  d^fimee.   TiioM  vbo  cowciMtkNulj  Mrupte  t»  be»v  aiiHi  ihtU  Ml  ke 
impelled  to  do  m  t  but  qO*  thaUpag  <m  tqui/palMtftrptrmat  MrvJMu" 

Kentcoky  holds  the  same  l«i||;ttagi^— 

"The  freemen  of  this  common^ealdi  (negroes ii^ttflM,.ai4 |o4*^ 
ex9ep^4)  0!^  •AoU  be  urmtd  and  dkeij^ined/or  itt  drfmue.  TboM.  wbo  eon* 
acientibuily  acruple  to  be»r  wnnt,  stiell  not  be  cwnpcjtttd  tooo  M)  |w( 
(^tludlfM^aneguivalantftrptninattervU^y  ■  \! 

The  old  eonititttlioii  of  Delaware  had  a  olauM  wt9!t}j  yer^ 
batim  with  some  of  the  jpreoediiig— 

"  Everf  member  of  society  hath  ft  ridit  to  be  ptoteeted  in  the  tnrajmen^  '^ 
of  li^  liDett]r,.ftnd  property  t  end  U  uerefbre  bound  to  contribote  hto  prB>  v 
portion  towards  the  expense  of  that  protection,  and  (j^YIBti)  Mia  PER- 
SONAL 8BB  VICE,  when  neccuaiy^  tr  oa  efufooteu  lA«fM»." 

I  presume  I  might  here  dismiss  the  sul^jeot.    It  is  impos- 
sible to  resist  the  eonvietioii  the  foregoing  elaitsei  flash  cm 
the  mind.    They  strike  dead  eavilling  and  easulsirj,  deela-^ 
matioa  and  sophistry,  as  with  the  forked  Jightniiig.  .  Tha^ 
wise»t  and  best  men  of  sisvea  states*  engaged  iathaaUfimfi'^ 
portaat  duty  of  framing  forms  of  governmei|t  fi^^  dieir  ftl- 
low-oitizen8»  solemnly  reoognize  the  pai*amonnt  right  of 
society  to  ooeroe,  and  the  imperious  duty  of  the  oiUaea  ta^i 
afford  personal  service,  or  aa  equivaknt,  p^  thfi  .geaeral 
defence.    And  the  intelligent  and  respectable  men*  wno. 
framed  the  constitutions  of  New-Hampshire  and  ]ji|assaeha";» 
setts,  invested  the  governors  with  the  p^iwer  to  iefi4  t^fi 
militia  in  pursoit  of  an  enemy,  **  within  and  airfMuitii  th$ 
«tat«,'Vand  to  exercise  MARTIAL  LAW  ok  il^  nilMtUi;  as' 
well  as  on  the  regular  army.  >  /  i^  U 

I  now  proceed  to  detail  the  legal  provisions  oa  this  pf^atb^^ 
They  will  be  found  equally  clear  and  eonolnsive.  I  begitf* 
with  Maisaelittsetts.  I 

"  Whenever  the  jpoTemor,  or  commander  in  chief,  abaU  order  a  disladit^ 
ment  from  the  militu  aforesaid,  and  an^  person  who  diaH  bp  detftdhed  in 
obedience  of  such  orders,  being  duly  notified  thereof,  and.K^rderad,to  iSarch 
to  the  place  of  rendezvous,  aAaS  neglect  or  refute  to  ibey  such  orcitr,  or  tluiU 
mt,  raithin  tvtentg'four  hmtfo  after  he  thall  have  been  Mtifiid  ae  afimeaid,  pa^' 
a  fine  often  paumdi  to  the  captain  or  commanding'  officer  of  the  con^m^f  (0  which 
A*  ihall  belong,  or  firoctire  an  t^le-bodied  man  in  M»  otead,  (Ct  9VCH  PEB* 
%0V  SHALL  BE  CONSIDERED  AS  A  SQLDIER  IN  SUCH  DETACH- 
MENT,  AND  BE  DEALT  MOTH  ACCOUDlNtiLY  i  and  in  aU  cases  whero 
the  said  fine  shall  be  paid,  tlie  same  sbttll  be  applied  to  hiring  men  for  any 
service  which  shall  be  required,  of  the  company  under  tlie  command  of  toe 
captain  or  officer  who  shatt  receive  the  sane-*** 

Bhould  any  commissioned  officer  of  the  militia  refuse  to' 
make  a  detachment  from  the  corps  under  his  eommaad*  for 
the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion*  SHpprcsfipg  jiabarre(|ti9q^ 
&c.  then 


■'1 


*  Permanent  laws  of  Massachusetts,  rol.  I.  page  SX^- 


I  m 


9bV' 


THE  OyrVB  BRANCH. 


« In  iddMoB  to  ti»  puniihiMnt  wWeh  may  Ke  inflicted  bf  virtiit  6r  any 
act  fbr  iMuktinf  tlM  militin*  if  convieled  tlieraor  before  tht  jiulio«  of  the 
soprenie  Judicial  eoart,  lie  shall  be  aUititij^ct  to  be  iinn^iM  a  itfM  imi  MrcMfdb^ 
OCh/V^  )MMdli«  and  l«  b»  aJff^idgtd  Incapahl*  <tf  tmtaiiUng  ai^  ^0cein  ihit 
emidimmaltht-Ar  a  ttrm  n»t  »*e§edtHf(CTttH  juMtv/  to  tmkt  or  both  of 
the  Mdd  (MgaltM  aoebrding  to  the  aKgraration  of  the  oflbmse  tad  eireum- 
staiicet  of  tlk^  oflMerk  aa  to  the  justices  of  the  said  court  shall  seem  meet. 

'*  And  be  it  fiirther  enacted,  l^t  if  any  person,  whether  iHi(n«ommissioned 
officer  or  ftr>v*to,  and  belonging  either  to  the  train  band  or  alarm  list,  who 
shall  he  oetaohed  or  ordered  to  march  for  the  support  of  the  civil  autliority, 
or  suppression  of  any  AuiMT0cffon,tf«M^«r(iiMr«A^iu<fd;d«  ofvrevdi,  shall 
refuse  or'neglAt  tolmaroh»  wmed  and  equipped,  in  tlie  manner  and  at  the 
time  which  the  officer  by  whom  lie  ahall-  be  detached  shall  direct,  or  shall 
deaett  otilaawe  the  awyice  before  he  shall  be  reniUrlydischarfed,  if  con 
victed  thereof  before  the  justices  of  the  supreme  judicial  court,  ht  fhatiie 
tubject  t^M^Snfd  at  the  diicrelio^  of  the  wid  court,  in  a  oum  noi  txcetiUng  ten 
ptumdk.-' 

**  And  fee  it  furthto  enacted  by  the  authority  afiwcaud,  That  if  any  person, 
in  public  or  private  eenreraation,  or.  by  any  waya  or  meaiia,  thall  diouuuk  or 
tnmtvur  tofrtv0tU  oii^y  nUBtafy  ^jf^eKJr*mperArmblJ  tht  dutjf  reftdred  of 
him  by  thia  attt,  or  any  nieraon  or  pentona,  detached  or  ordered  to  march  for 
the  pumse  aforesaid,  utpm  marching  to  the  phioe  of  rendeavous^  or  from 
cimtmiUAgip  tl^  service  untU  rwrularly  disebarg^l,  each  person  so  ofTend' 
ing,  being  convicted  thereof,  fts  iubresaid,  ..ahafl  pky  «  fine  to  the  use  of  the 
commonwelllth,  not  exceedlnljr  PIFtY  POUNDS,  end  shall  recognizee  for  hi« 
good  ^lehaviour  for  a  term  not  exetediHf  three  gearo.*** 

I  iMfie  ihb  reader  will  compare  these  scNitiMt  with  tlie 
most  rigorbtti  of  those  contained  in  Mr.  Monroe's  or  Mr« 
Giles's  plans.  Canddui*  will  compel  him  to  acknowledge, 
that  the  latter  are  Incompandily  less  bterdonsoihe  and  o^- 
preylve  thM  the  former. 

Tm  statute  of  Connecticut  respecting  the  milltia»  adopts 
the  regulation  of  the  aetof  congresSf  whereby  every  free 
alllei4iMM  white  niiim>  hetwebn  the  ues  of  18  and  45,  is 
declared  suljeet  to  miHtiaduty.  It  forther  exempts  Qua- 
kers'from  that  duty,  on  the  payment  of  throe  dollars  and 
thirty  cents  per  annum.  It  then  invests  the  eaptaia-genernt 
with  power,  m  certain  8|ieciflod  oases,  to  order  out  even  the 
whoU  oftlu  iiUHtia  or  miUtaryforiee  ^  the  t^ate.  I  sttt>ini( 
tito  very  strong  and  expressive  oiausc  to  the  reader : 

**  The  captam  general,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  next  eommandhig  officer  nf 
state,  is  hereby  authorised  and  empowered,'  Q^ai  he  mayjudg^  necetury 
up*n  the  oeiaiioH,  m  on  atorni)  tfiv<u/sn,  or  noHee  if  the  appearanee  ^an  etW' 
%,  either  hgteuor  bttuf,  to  order  out  the  WHOLE  or  anif  part  of  the  military 
farce  of  thttHate:  to  assemble  and  put  the  same  in  warlike  order's  and 
GC)*  the  tame  to  lead,  order,  and  employ  for  the  ataittdmSt  or  relieving  any  oftfm  ' 
iuAahitanto  ^thia  otate,  attacked  6g  an  enemy,  or  in  danger  there^^  and  gene- 
rally^ tqi  issue  and  publish,  by  proper  staff  or  orderly  ot&^iet,  tQ^  vtch  orders 
at  he  tkuiljiidga  expedient,  to  carry  into  execution  the  intent  -ittd  dcsigu  of 
thisacti«-  -J-?4?-    -     . 

Th<r  mSKtia  law  6f  Ne^-Tork  is  eiinally  t^ear  ftitd  tt- 
plicit—  I 

*  Idem,  page  330. 

f  Statute  lawa  of  Connecticut,  nage  510 


•*^''pf"^l'l^  ^'^^^^* 


»,f  g 


^Pwl' 


i4m'9mM'.em»t0mm  ^mtfttUeaittm.^  tk$  «cwm<tgf  ^fmg  if^  Vnitmt 

ded»;rfMfc«tWtM,M!(»Mrop4kd  ttiAqntwue  vi  imiy  mtt  nf$ht».mt9  moie 

<if  bnui^  so  cuMout,  the^  ■bM.nceive  ^  Hune  pay  «nd  ntioiia,  uid  (KJ  Ae 
luf^ftjtjtff  •ai»$^iilap,  find  w^tHdufutt  a$  $kt  tntpt  <ifthe  Vnitti  9mn  f^f 


NdW-Jeney  hai  not  lieen  deficient  in  miilclilff  ifimihir'pN/^ 
Tiifoif  fot>  flit  puUII^  Mftty.    Her  mUliitt  Inw  4eelal«e» 

'!  Tl^tt  the  coaumnder  in  obief  pi'thit  state,  M  the  time  beihir,  jKHf^^ 
eaiffi«^«<mN»<M  cr  «lA«r  wmrstue^^ ^\iWtl^  V$f.  8HAt4<  jtwGE  IT 
NC|C|&9SAHY>  vpdff  Mtf  o:^  aNf  pf^tim  ^Ihe  miUUa  ^thit  tto$0,  ta  march 
to  any  pM^  thereofi  an4  continue  u  long  a*  h9  may  flunk  it  neccMarjr,  onk. 
exoeedlng  two  montlM."f 

'SMe  impose*  A  heaty  and  burdenionie  fine  on  delinqneteti 
-4fiiie  whioh  the  iH^orer  efnnet  eannot  p«r,  and  wliM;h»  of 
ootimt  Inevitably  «onnlpeli  tllein  to  tbe  lemeer. 

**  Any  person  tcfiising  or  necleoting  to  perform  his  toiir  of  dnttv  ot  tb  pro*, 
cmaiM.  MMMtitutefiball  pay  mJSne  •/  tmn^  tUlart  for  avety  tniOk  ntgt^ts/f 

"If  fu^  militiaman  shall  desert  yrhlle  he  is  on  a  tour  of  duty,  ha  dtau  b#v 
fino^ im  an/f  uuf.mt  tj^eeedinf  twentu.dMart  for  every  suoh  offence i  ov  may 
beU^^tiud  jar  amUiite  not  ezceeaing  two  months,  at  the  dUciction  of  a 
court  martial  i  and  if  a  non-commissioneil  officer,'  h«  shall  ilab  he  .degm^ed 
and'plaiocd iB'the'sanlM.V|  ;  v-.-^     ...  -  ,. 

I'Hext  nroeeed  tio  state  tlie  law  in  Penntylvania.'^'Ilie 
anme  good  lenie  that  presided  over  th»^eoisiono»lUs  sdM^i. 
Jeetin  the  other  stafssy  in  diseeitiiliAe  hibret  ■■  r<.^\J^.■yb..^*■itl.■^i^. 

"Whatever  it  mat  be  :ieees8ary  to  call  into  actual  wtr^Htf  piMlbf the 
militia,  hi  iBaae  jof  febellioo,  or  of  actual  or  threa$eii*d  imiiMtoi,  of  ibia  fl■^  any 


of  tb^  neigbb9UpiiMr  states,  then  (j^u  thtfUimd  mav  bfi  km/ulfw  thenimmr 
H»rdtrS!t»  actual mvue.  SUCH  PAHT  OP  tUB  MIUTIA,  ttT  H^S- 
SEBr  AS  THiS  BtlGBNCY  ^At  REf^LlftE;  provided,  that  the  part  so 
called,  doth  Dot  exceed  four  classes  of  the  militia  of  any  brigade."  fl 

** y any  militia  man*AaU  deurt  whikkeii 'on a  ttur  ^f  diOj/t  (CT kt ahall  ie 
^ed  tkirtjf-tmt  doUan/or  evtrjn  »ueh  ofetife,  and  be  obliged  to  march  on  the 
next  toblr  of  duty,  under  the  sane  penuitfes  a»  at  first.  If  tf  non>Qommission< 
ed  tfffieer  -shatt  so  desert,  he  shall  be  degraded  and  placed  in  tlie  ranks ;  sbaQ 
pay  a  fine  of  thirty 'Sis  dollars  i  and  be  obliged  to  aenre  another  tout  as  a 
pnvate.**f 

'*Themil^of  this  state,  while  in  the  actual  service  thereof,  or  of  the 
United  Sfatea,  (i3*«Aatf  6e  abject  f  tU  tame  rulet  and  rejutaiint  at  the 
federat  ormg.**** 

*  Laws  of  the  state  of  New-York,  vol.  I.  page  5lSi 

f  Patterson's  laws  of  New*Jersey,  page  441. 

\  Idem,  page  443.  $  Idem,  page  443. 

n  Purdon's  Abridgment  of  the  Laws  ot'F^ennsylvailia,  p  381. 

fUem,p.3t4.  ••Idem,  p.  386. 


i$% 


THE  mtPtlS  WH^AXQVL 


^|%9  Utile  tlilfi  «r  'DilawAM  iieevgntedi  the  «iiii«|tinei- 
ff^th^e  lAiM  rigl»tf*«the  m|I|0  <ltttl«ii-^f/»^  |  l||y^ 
vhewBllM re^ogaiiiieR in io BMUiy iplller tlUUejfc  ./    t  </ ^  m 
^r^Hir  gvvertipr  tttill  l«fto  flill  power  and  rathoritjr,  te  w<li»yiwi'ftMOiliii, 

fidctftiary ;  ami  in  ciriMof  the  abaenc*  of  tl|i^  fiyrerMrof  jftta  liaM,  jan'iiy 
iiumrrtction^  nb«Ui<m»  or  invaiionV  «A«  «M*mMHW|r  ^iNf  i^  «<mA  M(gr*ik'  <* 
MMy  iMiAai'AiiMf  MMf  4lr«eiril  Iv  imv  kit  ttden  t9  Mif  tmttiukimf  itf  the 

l%e  pr»iliiiob»  of  t1i9  inUitt»  l*w  of  l^jlMd  are  «)qiU> 
l^rfHig  mkI  «ne(|itireo*l.    . 

<<  la^ai  eaaev  #h«t«  a  pilttU  tni«|i  iMr  te  dMfttt^ 
uiid^r  the  Uwit  of  this  ata|^,  (j:^hit'thuu,tit  umkkmdtu  a  Wdtorv,  mdc^i. 
able *» all tkt  ibuka a» tucA,  wiftM  hethiiUJkndtk a  tuhtHftOe r  and  tMUeu. 
tenant:«61oriel  «f  the  reyiment,  or  commanding  oAcer  of  the  extra  battalion, 
ai  the  case  may  be,  to  which  he  may  lieloiy,  ahull  be  the  sole  judges  of  the 
<}ualifleation  of  sai4  subst^utei.and  C^*^^  re<uiv«  or  n;f*et  hm  b$  their 

)  M  j^a  fpidtfra  tmaeim  tKafl  be  mink  inte  ffitg  emm*s  '"  tkteetaitt  tr  in  cqte 
tfamAmitveettm  in  mm  emintgt  ibe  etmnandinr  •Meet'  in  oieA  eetintg  it  hmh/ 
AirrUOBIS&D  AND  JtE^imUBD  to  «i|<<fer  eut  TUB  WliDt«^  «r  such 
part  tf  hit  wttUtio  at  he  mau  think  neetetaiy,  and  in  »neh  mannit  af  he  mau . 
tVnk  heiit  for  repelling  such  Invasion,  or  suppressing  such  tnsiuTjeetion  i  and 
shalU  call  oh  the  commanding  ^oisrs  of  regiments  in  the  ndgacent  cAiAtici, 
Ib^iaeh  aid'  as  he  nuy  think  neoessaty  i  ;«4«  thaU  Jertfadth  in  Ske'mtmer 

/Inill*  «*S*'#«a#i'*# >-•■'•!■.;•■;•  ■<  *:.-■..■, ,3' ^'.-'J;;  'i.'rv.  -j.,  ,■>..:' -.i,i  •■;. -(.J >■.«--,. w   ^i,f  1^  ' 

^By  tlie  itiilititlaw  of  ihe  itate  of  Geeirgim  eve^j^^  male 
eUneii»ii(bo  has  ie»ide«|  wHiiia  the  state  for  (en^dajjit  iJTof 
the  proper  af;e.  Is  samlet  to  perforai  military  dilty^  -Wi 
•ames  the  nght  of  soeiety  to  eoeroe  the  eitiaeii  to  miiltary 
4itty  in  puUie  «lefeMMif  to  the  utmost  extent.  ^^ ,  .  ,^. 
The  duty  of  the  sQvmQis,  in  the  <)k8e  of  inswrreetipn  or 
invasion*  is  as  expiioitly  and  iine(|uivooally  stated  in  the 
aiiiliiia  law  of  Geoi^^a,  as  in  tlie  laws  alreadly  gaoted :— •  . 

**  Hli  excellency  the  governor  is  hereby  empowered  to  nsaemble  and  em> 
body  {S;^a%ich  ffufi  of  tht  militia  ^the  itake  a»  he  mOjiJ^tm  time  tt  tkne  «/Miib 
itecefnnw,  to  fefel  avy  invatioti,  tntuf^recHt/ht  sf  re^Wsti,  li^hich  mayf  bimpen 
within  the  same,  ahu  to  order  sueh  officers  to  oommaad  the  said  mUitia  as 
he  may  see  iit."ih-'^'^  -i-  ■^/»'Hi-«<"ii<^" 


'■-.U'l. 


,.vV 


'VU.'»X*« 


i^.'i'ti"  -p-itt  ioH 


,  itentuclty  has  be^n  iequally  mindfol  of  the  great  duty  of 
iniakinf;  adequate  provision  &r  the  puMie  safoty,  with  her 
sister  states: 

.  *<  Every  able-bo^d  male  Htixen,  tflhit  er  any  of  the  United  Stateet  retidiiw 
in  fhii  efuttf  -who  i»  of  the  age  of  eighteen  and  tmdtr  fortV'Jtvet  shall  be  enroi- 
led  by  the  commanding  omeer  of  the  company  within  fmoso  boun4a  hesfV 
reside.'^*  >;.».;, 


*  Laws  of  Delaware,  (Wilmington,  1793^)  p.  213. 
f  Kelty's  Laws  of  Maryland,  vol.  II.  1798,  chap.  c. 
t  Ibid.  $  Digeat  of  Laws  of  Geaa[ia«  JWge  460. 

f  Mem,  page  46<S.  JE    ~ 

**  Toulmin^ii  LaWs  of  Kentucky,  p.  Tm 


J-;* 


■  f*^'  if.  wWnSF-nPf^^iS^ 


:mx 


m 


wtf.  .</.  *-^^-%S*J^ 


'H 


ttn  »fimm  irlUfih  lAdl  U  ii  l^niiink ffwrfwiriifaf  hitmii**^  vt^.i-t 

**  WMmevcr  the  MlUHipy  liMe  «f  Mt  Mi«%^  gmr  fMMI^tlimilftiJlH^Jlii 


J3|#»f  jmi,  M  I  .haw  i^rftMj  j|fc«*inr)(^  »](l  ilw  /ii|»^i 
Imtlk}m»tm9fiqv0»t9  ihf  PHriMia^..  4t  II  not  M>  Ife'ioii))!- 


vt^  IIt  «^nld  p9siUM  U>  <*  that  the  power  of  eoiigreM4i> 
•i&  llfOi^  IM  41^  ate  eiiij|%iiiiit  9f^  :tli6ilMHlhi*;!trM 
(A<Nnl>f«9lilMMie<lMM3P  other  f^enveited  hi  i^t  m^b^lf 
V  Thi  fettiMMl  dd49il«¥>orthe  nMlin  it  teBflM»to.««09Ni|« 
fhil  tMh«fa'4ife^nt)^^  MHw  o^etM^  ahd  f«j«^  to 

liBMMtttf 'tMi  tfitt^^ 
Th^X  li^iiMhVnMiHMt'-eiiipo^veMAw.     •  c  ,'..--      , 

The  enerdfte  <|irtMf  neirer  hat  ttot  boe«>  ndr  e«a  it  he>  «»l- 

)j^'^%t^t#    llfy  ikire  fai^#  «,U^oriM;<r  and  eiil|M#>^ 

ewtf~ :-  ■  ■  "■'   ■"  •■    O-PC-.-, 

!^li|^Uw  rejta«4^  win  ea^  exiliiiiM  thli y^ff^ 
«g44fttr»  It  requires  the  aioet  lerioMs  aod  sober  relation. 
Here)  ipl,  elearf  ex^ioit  and  most  unequivoeal  |iowergivea 
to  ilie  general  WTjBi^aiimtlky  th«  eonstitution  of  ih0  pmttA 
4tlit«i|»^(o  tMU.  f<^,4^  JniM  in  tiiree  ii^eetfied  eases. 
Onth  **  tQrefet  inmoMien,**  The  Vsountry  whi^'itUDitCMt,'' 
tfHrtlii^he  lant  ^af»  .  An^  jret  ^very  attempt  to  earry  this 

KWec  hito  »p«|M«»  I  a.  itie,  joid^e  inqst  efficient  atid  least 
i'(leaiome»  wiM  oM»OMd  imdndefeated  hy  men  of  high 
standiki^,  great  talentst  and  professang  a  saered  rrgard  to 
tll^e  ,l|onour  and  ibt^i^sts  of  their  coinitry ! ! !  And  tlie  Whole 


V- . 


.     •icleril,  p.  80. 

■f  Public  L»W8  of  tlie  State  pif  Blibdc  bland  and  Pruvld^net  Plaotfttkms. 
Providence,  1798.    Page  440.  "^ 


!  i  m 


itM 


TBE  OiiiWliUllCH. 


i^miiiMmm^ 


•mw 


lam^ 


iftff'oru 


■ScA  iMr^t  or%  «bU(I  tfbif  wviSiimr^mifm  "^^^  <^^(«  aie^>>)% 
^OeittyouWific  VSm^fhmlm»S^kf%  the jpraTe!    /in^ivM 

n^ii  orthe  MJgeite  and  eont^iibfig  t^^^f^iijpilfL]^^  j 

|«tiU;;thpiBW« 


Mil 


mutVM  %<*><iK>l«   "f be  jqifKbtiU  nDuat  i^i^Mt  comidiaji  ooihmV  ti^w^ 


-^  dTlMiif  ^ecotlif  ^Idien!~^rMn»  Mid'(Mir:(>»atfitM«,.t^^  tn 
tft b#  the  «*  fbiitte  inen**:of  t|u'B«6<niUy>  Imtcad ofiV^agr  the  fouodiittoA  for 
futuieuM^lppsat  nraat  beiB<ibj^te4,tk>  the  incnr4  ana  pnysleal'I^Tna  bf  a 
csmp.  AlVth< h«biti oMimitstki UtettlaH heiqiiihi)at6d;«Tld dl its^Mr. 
mentk  outraged,  or  disrfganled.  Thfe  h<i«iMU)d,||tu9t  be  torn  from  his  wife 
and  cnildreri,  aiid  th^  child  fot;cibly  separated  from  the  soci,ety.and  protec- 
tion of  his  porentk.  I  beseech  gentlemen  to  paiise  befob6  they  vectuihe  lipon 
»  system  iuce  this.  ' 


m^i 


tfjitttliftMlletiiie 

It 


■i«.t- 


mo.' 

J.  ' 


.toOM Crates  KmecUmly  "(lie  ftjppoiatBneiit- i^<W <rfiibpn];  ijMt 
'^^-'^-^mlitia,«c6dnjlin|rt»  the  diiift|4IMe;pillki^idlbjr 

Wlpp^lt  S^i^^^  lifMlf. 

rmtoi    It  IbUoirt,  tlMit  the  attempt  t»  deftirt^m%P#lt 
f^b^i^'Wasaiitiirdtoriiljittftf  fkeU^^ 


•WW 


If  5 II 


GH. 


'iiiM''iliMMi!wJI'- VV^'MMM 


itnr&ii  sense  of  thD  folly  or  Hbsurdi^M  Uw»  ^r  #|i|Wini, 
wliloh  httve  *<^roivn  loith  tte  ^ou?/li^'  oF society,    fh's 


^m  ^n^jtomo. 


U2 


0Mtir-'dl|tfN^^#i^  %#i%4kidimifM'  «(^ir'|ilill^^«iMifl| 
liilt^iiK|lAiMi»  iliffbi  l»  W%l»Vll^^  i  ftm  «f)MM  If  «ilt 


.v^\" 


vniii^ftt^i^  ii,  ^  ^^%  f^^  t^^^ 

lliiB  mttraiii#«  JmI^^  td|6t6«rkii  %4iim^ 

,^-  _,  JpBt  M  tli9  mtiid  «wi  ooncelr©. ,  ffh^^rt 
Bpiil^^tf  C9  d|99>pliii^^K^y  hatcf  V6|4  |«idie  idcias  oa 
||M|^£  o^liiilMit^iJMi^^  Tliey  hive  litf Iv  eiperiiinefeUi. 
.pffilat;^  »klll--l][tcte  ^tafldeliM  in  ih^niselVes— Ittile  i* 

lr4|(f|^N^*T4^|tf  ih^^^^^         tit)  not  «6  VAtd  of jusiiev  ii 

-^ *yi^ jW^ltoJit^, «lrt)Htlhil,» ^ii^jirtWito,-  ^gy^flwitwd^'  w«tffy  mmi, A4r^ 
*«|»— i>>"i— "'jttitiW^gfA  fRMil  the  ten^fc  (|C^«  pf  dfl^^ie  lif(H-U9M<^ 
•Vl^o|«id'|0  f)i«^dy;9.«rtfii»-^ot^  every  Icind.of  ni$> 

twy  tkiU;  whifsh  being  followed  by  A  Wftht  of  ikMfideiioe  In  tbenM^lif<*t»  Whib 
opposed  to  troops  regularly  trained^  dtee^Uned,  and  appoirtted,  Mfetif^'itk 
WMMvhdgo  Mid  toperior  in.  tnaB,  miuw  tben  timid  and  ready  to^ty  IBroiti 


Oieiv  ow»  ehMovrft^bea^  fbe  Mdien  change  in  their  fnanner  m  fivimf , 
(partienlacly  n|.  the  lod^ng)  oring*  on  •iekn«Mi  in  many,  iinpatiehce  b  afi, 
•nd  tUcA  on  Uiumtuerat  -^  dttirt  e/  returning  to  tMr  tetpective  /nme»,  tkatU 


^^If 


THB  IRMPi||l4N|N^CiL 


iiiiiiiBit'  ■  liliirttrfliiii  Jii  ti 


"<IKW*HWP*' 


'  ■JMiii'''  •— il  jifjniff  •  tt^yiiMM  -  afcrtiiii  -  ht  ■■ii"''iiyiiit 

aiii«tW^ %f9  I* de^  iMMi  io'.tlitf  Minks,  Mmttftk*  aiMt in- 
iPidiMbii  c^  oiir  «iaz^iH*  |iMii>liiar:|git«  llllttilieti  %1mmb 
Wii'#^futiim  b*pjpttn«t«^:d^  on'  i^w  fnmrvt^'dwtmd^ 
0  turf  WMi|iBK(Qn»>  or  I^HiiUiinfl  or  I4flBMtaini>  mr  IMQkk- 
aotti^  Oil  W  oliMir* « i^iw^iio*  ^f  tlie  Nfoat  «r  j^inii^  k 
lAI  f«itf^i»r^iimiNfL  '  WWt  viMMimiiti  Iti^W'lifMriigiiiM 
of  l»»lird«  ftt  wMell  |$aiiMm'«i«  tteM  Mitfitol«<it»te^ 
ftt  wWh'H  H  tiiij^oi»li^e  eVer  to  oqiiiliM  tiio  •tekifti'^nt ' 
tljiat  loim  of  (1>0  MH  mfto  in  qio  woi^:^  d«i^i|rti»^i^ 
perti^iilil  courMS»r-W  i}i9^i  hm,  9^i!^  ^^^  P^^hf^m' 

ki  :^irtUiiiion44uiUityt^  %^^       ilJMin  wbt  li^n^ui^  fy 

Ipws^J^liAt  hi  tUeie  CQinpulaopy  ei^bo4i3^lvg|s  of  nn|mili|^:iNhE0te 
vin  b^  often  foun4  jnen  wkd*  howevei^  iijiefiU  tlttiy  >Mjr  ^  ^a 
olyUliferai^  ^hoU^ut^8<i|i£pk^0  fi^  4ho  eii^^;  loibHity  to 
pay  for  a  subttUnte,  or  affllie  ibain^t:  miky  lea^  liiinj^:W 
iboie  men  tQ  obey  the  suqimoiis  to  ine  field. '-  And  wnen 
ike  eliM^p  <]^j»rins  sounds,  |i8Uii»r  iitboso.T«^iiai^been 
disreriiraed,  ftsserts  her  sway.  Ten  men  of  this  d<BMi#tion 
mAy  %,  spreading  a  piknie  canie  the  defeat  <di^Hitn^')Bntito 
arn*y.^'  .  ,■'.-' 

ttoi'tnlg  ptvduet^  khamfful  and  •(aijMW'U'  4e9ertpnu,(mtivi^Sltm>flv«»,:M 
infiitet  ike  Uke  rtpirit  into  o|Aer«."  QenenJ  WKshiD{^d*t  ^itq^i^  Lunaoo 
edition,  JTol.  I.  page  270. 


(V'>  AnmuA 


^^w 


lrMliAieil«M»<im7,  m  ia  all  oihM  ««Um«H»  Ik  iMyJii 
W*  «iMni  M  M  iMOBtrevMPllWe  wmIm*  UnU  WlMMytf 
tlMi«i#ft ilroBg  tod  itflkiBC  oppotiti«ft bel^^fsllMt  tiid 
lliMM#,  llnlAttcr  U  AliUMoiitg«kli,.irlilehfMl|ill  |Ml0 
iMd  kf  v«liriM  Mtnm.  ^WImb  tlwiwlei.  aM  myyortt^Jhy 
flMlif  tlMyMrelymMMid.  '   ]>' 

teiio  AiMrimMi  rerolulloB  if  IVtMgKt  wilb  Imu  «|  th0 
M^iMt  of  4lM  miUtift,  whMi  luild  out  ihe  mutl  liBorvlag  fltd^ 
momikNi*.  ' 

Hie  letters  of  Geit ml  WMhipig^on  t«  eongr«t%  an  ttt^ 

eeto  wlUi  eomplainti  of  the  rvteoui  nnikt*  Mdof  tbe 
diBiency  of  Che  militia  •jrtCein  of  tlio  V"iM  8<atoif 
Tliey  folly  prove,  nioreovor>  tlna  the  ooit  of  mllilift  aerylDO 
li  oitmimcwitly  hifh— ood  that  a  depeadeiiee  on  Mttiija  Ibr 
regular  oreontinaed  Mryiee,  ii  atleiMled  with  the  iit|^it 
diiii|N)r. ''■,?■.■•'■=.»■<';■   ■■■ 

^llieroio-M^autiiorityoa  ooy  sul^jflet  whatover*  nwro 
eommandinip*  or  more  deelslvoy  tnMi  that  of  Cb^nenil  Woali- 
ington*  iiMn  militli^  deforce.  Ii|  ao  piation  wai  it  evo6  >• 
flur  at  i  Jraow*  more  fully  and  oo^letely  e«tajred»  tlian  in 
the  United  States^  during  the  war  that  eTentoated  in  the 
aekaowlodgnient  of  their  indepondenw.  No  man,  theratbre| 
over  had  t^faiperopportunity  of  judging  on  tlili  topiot-ana 
there  is  no  man  on  whose  Judgment  more  reilnhee  eooU.htf 
pfaMdd. 

1  As^l<  is  a  subject  of  vital  importance  to  this  nation— a» 
•ar^own  happiness,  and  that  of  our  posterity,  as  well  as  the 
safety  and  independence  of  the  eounti7  may^  and  prohably 
will,  depend  upon  aeorreot  system  of  defence,  I  have  judged 
It  proier  to  prodnee  the  most  ample  diaplay  of  the  generarf 
eipenenoe  on  the  sulrieet. 

An  examination  of  the  dates  will  shew,  that  the  evils 
eommenecd  with  the  very  dawn  of  the  revolution,  for 
the  first. complaint  of  Che  general  is  contained  in  a  letter* 
datid  July  i0ri77d»  not  two. months  after  the  haltle  of 
Lexington. 

/tt/y  lOM,  irrs 

1*  All  the  general  ofReers  ttgeee,  that  no  dependence  e<M  be  piu  on  the  tniliHat 
fir'a  emtinHanee  in  camp,  or  regutmity  and  diecipitte  durin^f  the  iluft  time' 
then  nuai  etag,"'  > 

'  '  Jtifyl4th,177S. 

f^^From  some  aathentio  and  kte'r  advices  of  the  state  of  the  iQinUt|:|)al 
troopot  and  the.  great  kumvenienee  of  calling  in  the  militia  in  the  miifet  ^har* 
vet ^  I  hare  been  induced  for  tlie  present  to  waive  it."f  ■"■*■' 

*  OJficial  Lettert  to  the  honourable  the  American  Congreoe,  nHitten  during 
the  war  Mtween  the  United  States  and  Great  Jtritainf  by  hi*  eufcelknty  Oe^terat 
Wathiligion.    London,  1795 1  vol.  I.  p.  7. 

tlde7»,pa|;e% 

2  as 


^m 


TUIb  OJUmi'MANCH. 


'V 


Ill  1  Mw  waiUiWtht  w  attw  b»»t,  tkwt  tiw>  ?>tfakL  >Mi»  >l»to  » 
Mt  ^p«n  ll|«ttfliwiW««  and  at  tUnca  not  in  a  ooodUien <•  Mbn4» y«t  tkn  mm 
■^iMTtMyf  /UiM  tut  Ml yiwwi— AHwyfcy  In  MwrtwiuliV/jyiyf^  aUimitt  w 

CMpMMf  ly  nM'^HJ""M^I'IIM'^#1'MllMMyJw^  IM  fl.JCWI^^'l^ni  n  fMIM^nflMfl* 

iiMiaf  i^wyii  mainoMtwinliwwi  wMtli  haw*  aHaxmnd  wIMiiit'l*  aiamlf 
poMlMi  titW  to  PMoUwt  or  dvanribt— mmi)»I  M  mmt  ^  4lMi«A«f  iA»  knp- 
*yr ii|*n  wiiNiWilt *i%  t/* «ra|^ ito wMi  ifcii»  rnuk j^ mm  ftmwmtt 

VMpilMi  lliM.    TV  Maf  tlMM  «ndM  pMpatP  diNiplbM  MMf  MibordhwtiM^ 
not  onhr  raqiiirM  Umm.  Gut  ii  a  workoC  givat  di|Mih}ri  and  In  iMt  amy. 
«rlNN  diira  l»  Mi  little  diatinotUMi  bettPMn  tlie  oAotn  and  aoUUera,  ic^a-  e 
an  unoompM  difiia  bf  attmtion.*** 

**  Afahv mM  of  ji  d^r^i  atandinir  vttt  not  look  Amrard i  Mid  n  -it  mdi  rl* 
MIM1M  And*  thit,  M  f*«  Mm*  afl^MtHttfir  tMr*  dMkorft,  f Am  /;^<tw  rn«. 
iMt  ^  HMr  M<iWk  ■auMWfirfiw,  mm^  tiMnMik  &«.  Nay,  er  .\  Uk*  !>&.  ■  u 
tlM«MalfM  ktm  Mt  iNMommoo  narka  of ,!iranton  dip'^tu  >. .  nd  kjr  na  uttn 
dor  frif^  trowte  and  additional  e^tpcnae  in  providi>i|r  ■  ^tf  A«ab  aat, 
wb#n  «#<bd  H  netk  to  bnpoMiibIt  to  nroeun  «jwh  artiowk  at  nr«  abaoluteiy 
neoMiary  In  th»flrat  Inataneo.  To  tnia  may  U  M^^iad  tlw  Maaoniny  vMiih 
newft«roita  miMtlMV«toaea^»andtlMbMaonaM|uent  tKoreupttn^  But 
tliia  la  not  all— awn,  utigt^^Jlbr  a  thtH  HmMti :  timi  mtfif,  Aow  tit  ^j/Utft  Im 
mmek  IN  tktir  pnterj  (or,  to  obtain  a>dagir«a  of  popular^,  in  ontUr  to  irduM 
a  aoeond  anliatnant,  a  kind^fkmlliarity  takM  pUee,  which  bHnga  on  a  rQ. 
lasatlon  ofdiwjbUno,  unliocnaad  ftwiaaglMu  and  othor  IttdulijtncM,  bicom. 
patiblo  with  order  and  good  govtmnMmt.''t 

**  Irhtro  aro  ytt  but  few  eompanica  of  the  militia  eome  In.  TU»  dMiy  wtu^ 
I  am  miiob  afruid,  JhittroH  $kt  inkmUm  tfthHr  teter  coMhI i;pbM,4«  tht  »f 
nm  i$  thfpbtf /Mt  ^mil|f  ■pMtn  tAtfl  maif  i§  ^  mri4o$.r*  ,  .  '  v  '     ' 

JfrU4tLm6. 

**  1  heart  ilv  wiah  the  money  had  arrived  aoener,  that  the  militia  might 
have  hem  nakl  «»  aoon  aa  their  time  of  aarvlee  espined.  The  dltaapttotment 
baa  giv«n  tbkm  great  imeaain  M,  ind  fA«y  or*  |mi«  Aame  mmkimtall^flidJ'i 

**  I  woold  idao  mention  to  eongrem,  that  the  adlHio'  regtiiMntii  WMeh  wUe 
laat  called  upon,  in  nuddnffup  their  abatraeta,  ishargcd  payw-»tbe  oAbera, 
0pom  the  time  they  reeeivea  ordera  to  raiae  oompamea-Huid  the  piiVatM, 
from  the  time  they  respectivdy  engaged  to  eome  or  were  caUad  upon,  though 
tboy  did  not  maroh  for  a  comiderablie  tibie  after— aome  iwt  vmhii|  three, 
fbur,  to  twenty  daya,  during  all  which  they  remained  at  bomt  about  tbtir 
own  private  affaire,  without  doing  any  thing  die  than  **  pNiNUting  Ihr  the  , 
march,"  aa  they  aay,  by  way  of  ptea.*^ 

Jitht7tft»Vf76. 

<*  The  Connecticut  light-borae,  v«r;n'lor.'.)  in  my  letter  of^Oie' llthjl*^t- 
withatandini?  their  then  nromiae  to  CL>it  >•  >t.'.  oere  for  the  (*«fencc  oi  this 
place,  areniA,  diacharged,  andarr  ■">n.>  '  .  .  -^-n  home  ■  udng  fittfmptt. 
rilji  r^fiued  all  kind  ^f/tigue  Ail;  -yi  '  >*  k.  .11011111  fMar<^  ekdmiM  txemp- 
tion  0*  trtoPert.  Thoifgb  their  amusunce  la  much  needad.  futd  ndgnt  be  of 
eaaential  aervioe  in  caieof  an  attack;  yet  I  Judged  It  adviiule,  on  their  ap- 
plication and  cUim  of  aoch  Indulgence,  to  dtichuge  tibem  1  aa  granting  them 
would  set  an  example  to  others,  and  ndgfat  produce  many  ill  consequenoei. 
The  number  trf*  men  included  b  fhe  last  return,  by  Uiia  la  lessened  about  five 
hundred."**  , 

.V';;.,v^-;'^^^s,M-'>     ,     jfugy»tiSth,in6. 

'  They  [the  British]  mean  to  procrastinate  their  operations  for  some  time. 


"  Idem,  page  87.  f  Idem,  page  88. 

$  Idem*  page  118.         f  Idem,  page  120. 


t  idem,  page  91.  - 
••  Idem,  page  198.. 


*l 


/AtiBVDII. 


fti 


tniiUMff  IImI  m  mMU«  wkith  A«w  tmm  $•  tur  mmmip  wUl  itm  bttm$  iktd 

.hitutt  I9$h,  \7H. 
*•  O^mmr  tr  imbttU,  in  •  lettw  if  IM  tfllli.  Mli^w  ma  UmI  Wmnt'*  ii#- 
manVia  tlWMrvko«artlMttaiM,«Mi«»^|p  — wb  to  thto  mmp,  wi  ifcat 
h^  Md  kii  aooiMlur  idMf  M  «Bi*v«Mi  aNtop4iWMra  ji^^ 

«MI tfMtir  nun.  WIm tile  wMIt  oom«  m,  #»iImI  M  •n'Aaiaik  vtif 
ifwuiitibft  (boMiif  thi  »t  Ifcf  Ww  i  bitigmik»MP,irt>wn—i|rihKlir 
Uwif.Mtfenipl  fbr  wiffi  aoMMtnibl*  tkn^  Mm  «Mrl»«MmHir  <«»<wnK  <• 

•*  TiM  •iUtiit  bttea4  of  odUnf  Arth  tkdr  iitpHMt  JRt  to  * ' 
■iNlgpoppMillMiiionkrtoitpMROiirlQNN*  aw4i« 
^ipriiNmt    <ib«aiiMHii|gf«^f*Mr*«vf f«M  _ 

B.  ontMUbM*P<Milmtof  otiMM.  wban  nwntad  hp  •  wall  mMmiA 


i»   tot,  wton  iiyp  ga-aw^  iU«  k^flMtti  amUmt  part  ^^  wy. 


M  flTf^y,  and  vklisli  tod  torn  ineulcfttad  tofbN,  h  We  ii  m  tto  Vuturt  «rour 

^»^k^^yi^^AM^Bm^nt^trD^^d^dmteo^^K»^^reond^U^ 

■ndvith  ttoinpattaonMlnilMi  cbUfBd  to  imfcii  »y  »>nt  of  <oi^d«w» 

ift  tto  jMMnU^  of  tto  tnopi. 

**  An  ttoo9 euwumtipion  ftilljrconiinn  the  opMon I  e«<n-  entertained*  and 
willoK  t  mora  tton  ondc  in  nijr  tettan  IooIe  the  Ilherty  of  laentiMtiiif  lb  oiiin' 
frOMb'ttot  n$  diptiUkiu^  eiMitpUtmt  m^Md,  ar  tthtr  ht^  tii«A  dMwe 
enUatM  and  embodiod  ibr  a  toaftr  neribd  than  our  i«nlati«M  himtoltoe 
tovtpmdrihed,  iMnpfrMudM^aifaaifUlixconflmeaM  lamof  anyone 
tM  nat  hM  toMtened,  tliat«or  llbcrtiaa  mntoTneceMity  bo  frefttly  tourd* 
cd,  if  not  ontlrnjr  loit*  if  ttoir  dofcnee  !•  left  to  any  but  a  peroaanent  atanding 
arm/-4  moan  oM  to  oxiat  dorias  tto  war.  Nor  wootd  the  cKpemo  incident 
to  too  mipport  of  Moh  a  body  Mtrpopo  m  voqid  to  eeni{>ctent to aimoat  «v- 
orjr  Migwoj^  fu  eieood  that  vhieb  is  daily  ineiMt«d  by  calling  in  auccour. 
and  new  onUatmonta,  which,  when  eflTected,  are  not  attended  witii  any  gnod 
eonadaiiehoet.  lien  who  6»to  been  free,  and  a^iject  to  no  contcoul,  cannot 
to  cesttced  toi  oide^  in  an  {hatanti  and  tto  privuegea  and.  esemptiona  they 
daini  and  will  hitro,  influence  tto  conduct  of  qthiera  <  and  rA«  aUitrimdJ^rwn 
tiWin  ia  iieordr  caiMMntoitoMif  ly  the  tUtmrde^,  ir^gukurUy,  and  cti^fii^in,  then 

SeptmHbtr  4«A,  1^76, 
**  Tto  militiOt  dnder  varioua  pretences,  of  sickneaa,  ke.  are  daih/  diminith- 
ingt  and  in  a  ikUo  time,  I  am  persuaded,  tluir  number  vill  be  very  tneen- 
tiderable:*$ 

Septemter  8ih,  1770. 
**  Tto  militia  fi<om  Connecticut  is  reduced  from  6000  to  3000.  and  in  a  Jew 
dojn  •mUi  be  mereh  tuminai'  Tto  arrival  of  some  Maryland  troopa,  &c.  from 
tto  flyittg  camp,  has  in  a  great  degree  «uppli^  the  loss  of  men ;  biit  tto  am* 
munition  tliey  have  carrira  away  will  to  a  loss  sensibly  felt.  Tlu  impiUae/or 
^vMM"  hume  vat  te  irreeietWe^  it  tuuruered  n»  purpete  t»  eppom  it.  Thoogb  I 
wcMHd  not  discliarge,  I  havie  l)een  obliged  to  acquiesce ;  aitd  it.  ajhrda,  ene 
mere  nmUmckafy  P"^*  htm  debuive  $uch  dependeneiet  otv.'f 

Sepiemkr  20/A,  1776. 
"  It  is  a  melanetoly  and  painful  consideration  to  tiiose  who  are  cnnoemed 
ih  the  Work,  and  have  tlie  commtmd,  to  be  forming  armies  constantly,  and  to 


*  Idem,  page  333. 
$  tdcm.  puge  246. 


t  Idem,  page  23.3. 
ji  Idem,  page  255. 


4  Idem,  page  244. 


ll 


iH 


»09 


THE  OLIlTfi  BRANCH. 


itt^fihjf  tTHfu  jHit  wAfN  Mw  btgin  f  thnnm  iht  nam,  cr  /iwrAflJfki  at  a  ma* 
mt>i<  ifSm  an  imAtrloNl  Mate  it  exttetifd,*** 

<*  Tb*  thlvtewi  miUtU  regimwiU  ftom  ConneotlQUt  beinf  mlucMd  to  r  1UU« 
more  thM  fOO  mfb,  nink  and  flit,  fli  ibr  duly,  /  Aotw  iAmuiM  /rater  fa  <««• 

MMfw#NMaWMy^ 


«..«.9. ....  wfwwt  M  wn«  fAf  ttaM«  Ma  fnwienH  charfi  .».. ...'....  .....^*r 

«|fc«ra*>Mf,  Tli«K  are  mimy  miUtia,  too,  that  have  Jiujt  eoiM  In,  and  on 
Wit  wtjrf  rom  thai  atate,  noAe  of  whom  are  provided  with  i^  tent,  or  a  alngle 
MmpateiMlL   Thla  dlatreiaeii  me  beyond  ineMuro.'*f 

**  A«dn  i  men  aeeuatomed  td  unbounded  (yecdom  and  no  oontruul,  eannot 
brook  the  reatndnt  which  ia  IndiapeiMably  nceaaanry  to  the  good  order  and 
govomment  of  an  army  i  without  which  Ucentiouanew  and  ev«ry  kind  of  dia< 
oidei>  feign.  To  bring  men  to  a  proper  degree  of  aubordination  ia  not  the 
work  Ojf »  di^,  a  rnontn,  or  even  a  year  i  a|td,  unhappily  for  Ua  iu.d  the  cause 
we  are  enr^ad  In,  the  little  diaolpibie  1  have  been  UbcMrlng  td'eatablbh  in 
the  amy  under  my  Immediate  command  ia  in  a  manner  done  away  by  having 
aueh  a  mlstu|«or  troopa  aa  b»V«  been  called  together  within  ^ae  few 
mpntht.*'! 

f*  ItelftjMd  and  unfit  m  our  rulea  and  regulation!  of  war  are  for  tlie  govem< 
mcni  of  an  army,  the  militia  (tlioae  properly  ao  called,  for  of  iheae  we  have 
two  aortarfthe  aix  montlia*  men,  a(id  thoae  aent  in  for  temporary  aid)  do  »o( 
think  themiclvev  aubjeot  to  them,  and  therefore  take  llbertiea  the  aoUlter  ia 
punlahcd  for.  ThU  createa  Jealouayi  jealouay  beg«ta  dlaaatlafootiona  i  and 
theac  by  tkgreea  ripen  Into  mpthty,  keeping  th0  whole  army  in  a  confimed 
and  diaordCml  at«te-»renderlng  the  time  of  tuoae  who  wiah  to  ape  regulurity 
and  good  order  prevail,  more  unhappy  than  worda  can  dvacribe.  veHidcf 
thlf,  auch  rcncattNl  changea  take  place,  that  all  arrangement  ia  act  ut  nought, 
fmd  the  patent  fluctuauon  of  thipn  derangea  every  plan  ua  faat  aa  udopud. 
Theae,  au*,  congreaa  may  be  aaaured  arc  but  a  amitll  part  of  the  inconvvnicn* 
cea  which  might  be  enumerated*  and  attributed  to  niUitia  \  but  there  ia  one 
thatrocrita  partlculur  Ht  tent  ion,  and  that  w  the  etpetue.    Ck»taim  1  am, 

THAT  XT  WOVI.P  BB  CUBAPSH  TO  KKIF  tlTTV  OR  A  HD)IDRBD  TH0U> 
aAND  IN  CONaTANT  PAY,  THAN  TO  OBPBNV  VfON  HALT  TUB  MVMI(Blt, 
AltD  aVPPLY  TUB  OTRB^  IIAtF  OCCAIIOMALkY  fV  MII<ITXA.     TIlV  time 

the  latter  are  in  pay  before  and  after  thry  are  in  camp  aaaembfing  and  march- 
ing—tlie  wnito  of  ummunitiop,  the  consumption  of  storea,  which,  in  spite  of 
every  r^lutbn  or  requisition  of  congrcsa,  they  must  be  furnislicd  with  or 
aent  home,  added  to  oilier  incidental  cxpensea  consequent  upon  their  coming 
.nnd  conduct  in  camp— surpassc!!  uU  idea,  Mid  deatniya  every  kind  of  regulai*- 
ity  and  economy  which  you  could  e8tubli,sli  among  fixed  and  rc'R'ular  truopR, 
and  will,  in  my  opinion,  prove  (if  the  acltcipc  in  adhered  to)  THK  UUIN  OF 
OUll  CAUSE  "Jl 

**  The  jcnlouBics  of  a  standing  army,  and  the  evils  to  be  apprclicnded  (Vom 
one,  arc  remote  (  and,  in  my  jiidgiiient,  aitiialcd  and  circumstanced  as  we 
are,  not  at  all  to  be  dreaded :  but  the  consequence  of  wanting  one,  accoi'ding 
to  my  ideaa,  fbrm(*d  fVom  tlie  present  view  of  things,  ia  certain  and  inevitable 
rit/n.  QC/*  /"ar  if  J  va*  called  upon  to  declare  vpen  oath,  vihether  the  tmtitia  have 
been  ynoft  terviceaMe  or  hwtful,  vpop  the  vthole,  J  should  subwribe  to  th.'  latter, 
I  do  not  mean  by  this,  however,  to  arraign  the  conduct  pf  congress ;  in  s^ 
doing,  f  should  equally  coudemn  my  own  measures,  if  I  did  not  my  judgment : 
but  experience,  which  ia  the  beet  eritexitn  to  work  by,  to/ul/i/,  cleiw^,  un4  deci- 
ti^hi  refrtbatee  the  practice  oftruating  to  tnilitia,  that  NO  MAM  WHO  KK- 
UAUDS  ORUGR,  REGULAKITY,  AND  E(  ONOMY,  OR  WHO  HAS  ANY 
ItEGARI)  FOR  HIS  HONOUR,  CHARACTER,  OR  PEACE  OF  MINI), 
WILl.  RISK  THEM  UPON  THI3  ISSUE.    An  army  formed  by  good  ofii- 


♦  Idem,  page  36.5. 
5  Idpp),  page  27^.'. 


t  Idem,  page  267. 


+  Idem,  page  27\ 


APPBNIinC. 


een'moYti  Illu  elook  work  i  biit  than  U  no  lUtMtibn  on  «Mrtli  Imi  «iviftbl«r 
nor  mora  itUtmalnf ,  than  th*t  of  a  pmvon  who  U  at  tho  homi  of  trooiM  who 
are  re|arill«M  of  orikr  and  dUolpUno,  and  who  are  unprovided  wlth^knoet 
9fwy  necetMry.  In  a  word,  the  dlAouitles  wUoh  have  ibt  ovw  •unounded 
nw  ainee  I  have  been  In  the  eervke*  Md  kept  my  mind  eenetenUy  upon  th« 
•tretoh—the  wound*  which  my  fiwUnn  (aa  an  oiKoer)  have  reeoived  by  • 
thoiiaand  things  whieh  haVe  happenea  contrary  to  my  esp#ot»U0m  and 
wiahet,  added  to  a  conaoloumeMi  of  ImWtiif  f  gvvtm  m  «m§  jumpuu^  ff 
tHik  Mttwdant  panit  and  under  auoh  a  variety  of  intricate  and  petfiesinf 
cIrcumatMoea,  Induce  not  onlv  a  belieft  but  a  thorough  conviction  In  my 
mindi  that  it  will  be  impoMibfe  (unleu  there  ia  a  thorough  change  in  our 
military  ayatem)  for  me  to  conduct  mattera  in  such  a  nuinrier  ks  to  give  Mjtif* 
fuetion  to  tlie  public,  which  la  ail  the  rucompaniel  aim  at,  or  ever  witned 
fcr."» 

SfbtmUr  30, 1770. 
«  My  a  letter  received  fronir  the  committee  of  aofiity  in  the  atate  of  New 
llampabire,  I  And  a  thouaand  of  their  militia  were  abottt  to  march  the  9^ 
^tihM,  to  reinforce  tbla  army,  hi  eonitquence  of  the  requiaitlen  of  congress. 
PravieuB  to  their  march,  general  Ward  writes  me,  he  wis  obliged  to  ftimish 
tliem  with  five  hundred  pounds  of  powder,  and  a  thouaand  pounds  of  musket 
ball  I  and  I  have  little  reason  to  expect  that  they  are  better  provided  with 
other  artickis  than  they  were  with  ammunition.  In  this  case,  tliey  wHi  only 
add  to  our  present  distress,  which  is  alreody  fiir  too  great,  and  beoomo  dis> 
gusted  with  the  service,  (d* THOUGH  THS  TIME  THBY  WRKK  EN. 
GAGED  FOR  IS  ONLY  TILL  THE  FIRitT  OP  DECEMBERUthis  WiU 
injure  their  enlisting  for  a  longer  time,  if  not  wholly  prevent  lt,"f 

Oetobtr  4/A,  Vrf%, 
"  Upon  the  present  plan,  I  plainly  foresee  an  intervention  of  time  between 
tlie  old  jind  new  army,  which  must  be  filled  up  with  militia  (if  to  bo  had) 
QC^WITH  WI^OM  NO  MAN  WHO  HAS  ANY  REGARD  FOR  Hit  RE. 
PUTATION,  CAN  UNDERTAKE  TO  BE  ANSWERABLE  FOR  CON, 
SEQUENCES.''^ 

Ombtf  ZUt,  1776. 

"  Our  amy  i$  tkereating  fa$l,  8n>eral  gentttmen,  wAo  havt  came  to  camp 
within  afnt  Uayt,  have  obaervtd  large  numberi  <(fmilMa  returning  hotne  en  the 
different  readt.i 

Mvember  9th,  1776. 

"  I  have  little  or  nn  reason  to  expect  that  the  militia  now  here,  will  remain 
a  dtty  longer  than  the  time  they  first  engaged  for.  I  have  recommended  thei^. 
stny,  and  requested  it  in  general  orilers.  General  Lincoln  and  tlic  Mawachu- 
setts  commissioners  are  using  tlieir'interest  with  tlioac  from  tliat  state.  Uut 
a*  far  as  I  can  judge,  we  cannot  rely  on  tiicir  vtaying.  ^  • 

"  I  have  no  assurances  tliat  more  than  a  very  iuw  of  the  troops  composing 
tlic  flying  camp  viU  remain  after  the  time  qf  their  engagement  ii  out :  so  far 
from  it,  I  am  told,  tliat  OCT*  *ome  <if  general  Eving'i  brigade  who  itand  engag- 
ed to  thejlrot  ^  Januftrt/,  are  now  going  ^way."^ 

J)ecember  Ut,  1776, 

"  The  enemyarefastapproaohing— some  of  them  arc  now  insight.  03'^// 
tlie  men  qf  tite  Jerieji  fifing  camp  under  general  Heard,  being  applied  to,  have 
refuied  to  tontinue  longer  tn  lervice."** 

Trenton,  December  3Jf  1776. 

"  I  looic  out  earnestly  for  the  reinforcements  from  Pliiladclpliia  1  am  irt 
Itopes  that  if  we  can  draw  a  good  head  of  men  together,  it  will  give  spirits  to 
tlie  militia  of  this  stutcr,  (j^yvho  have  at  yft  afforded  me  Utile  or  no  aiHi»tancef 
nor  can  JJind  they  are  likely  to  do  much."]\ 


*  Idem,  page  273. 
§  Mom,  page  3Dl. 
If  Idem,  page  330. 


f  Idem,  page  279. 
ir  Mem,  page  {124. 


t  Idem,  page  282. 
*•  Idim,  page  3'4* 


It::  „:ii 
1?  < 


'•|    ,5i 


A 

ui 


TBOB  OlkN^'ilUNttt. 


^  aiiRr  I  iunlte  xmSr!f»  hawettHf^  U^  MbyhviwM  calf*  i^mt  m  utium  tf 
fM*  «M*iib^M#Mit.of  exertion  in  the  prineiMl  gelitlenieB:of  tiw  country,  or 
•  fiitd  wppincM  ifid  iiii^»|j^  of4afig«r  m^  tf»^i««e«t«»«vii 

tb»t  M9  Mit  oi|]|r  fcreiclbn»  M  iMt»M*  Aoitf  4iMf^  «A«  damt*  ^eir  Iwte  dKi,. 


t?.^-j|k  qntitoat  ■omeimvious  itotiee  of  thetuQe  »^  puMii  it  VjKi^lflipoui^ 
%oh»«e<ibm^ai|he.'Notth river.  '       '"■. -' \- •-,(*•  v". 

,  «  At  0MKte«|i'our  Itrce  irai  imufieielit,  bee«qM*|Mat^im.at  iSiisfffe^* 
tovni,  Attbqgr,waBntaiviek,  giUrdi^  eeoMt  w^cb  tvttaoitthtjMifeieii^i^ 
tpdai«Bir/ ItndatJMimiwtoki  ttettfipie.l  fm  d«««nn^l|t<)C/iB  mycjmeet*. 
ticina  ofbiiGtia,  arid  beceuae  on  thediy  of theenem/t  apprdach  (atia,p|r^iiai(:(|r 
the  oeea^oh  (rf^HXthe  time  of  the  ,fenwy  and  Biaryland  brijnde»*  ae^tje  ex. 
piNd  i  (CT^MBrrilfiR  op  WHIGR  WOIIU>  COHSENT  TA^mY^  A$ 

^<»im ixmoKit  .;;F--^  .  vv-r  ...;.:\ 

**3t)^, amdnf  tNi  thonaaiid^pther  inttartoeiw  ini|^t>.b)i; tio^med  tplVll 
the  dinfhwitiipM  of  abort  eiilt8!tnienta,  tad  the  little  d^pengwee  np(m,v(n4i. 
tie  itt  tinMa  of  rnd  danger.  , 

f*  My  firat  liiah  ia»  %it  eMigteaa  n^y  1^  if^vinoed  of  1A0  iH^r^ni^  a/ 
re^inj'  «/>•»  fAe  miAWiak  and  of  the  iie^ai|ity  of  ruaii^  a  larger,  atioldiiig 
•rtAy  wn  that  they  f^^ve  voted,  tht  taving  in  the  ^tUlet^  «<«f^fia  pttr 
xMrntt  amd  in  a  tkmmmd  fthtr  thd^K  iy  k^ifoig  twi^iiitgM  <ft  ii^  mutiOt 
uitktt'pi^  tmttt .  tf^  extramrdimrf  exigemcjit  an4  »veh  «•  «f  tf|4  n»f  ^  -gscPUitml  in 
the  CMMMil  ,cMint  Iff  'Mi!*c,  wawlff  ttmjffy  vi^rt  a  targe  amifft  lehifhi  imfi 
dUaireit  wtttW  be  dtd^  imtrv^ngt,  iifitead  e/  (t^  CONtlN^lKG  A  DiS> 
STROlOTtV^.  iSXf^MStVE,  md  l>lS6|UJElt^Y  MOB.  |  fi^  clsat.in 
opWqn,  that  if  4<%Q0O  inen  m4  hincn  \i^\\ai30tii»t>fnt^»htt^bm^^ 
mencemeoVof  hpttiiiU(^^  and  the  militia  hlkd  bieen  ex^aed  .dioitnii^' 'dutjr  ^^f* 
ring  tb«t  i^iod,  the  continent  wo«dd  baive  aavied  miolhey.  ^Whent  reflet 
on  the  loasea  we  ha^  auatfined  for  want  of  good  troops,  ttte  ccirl^i^.  of 
thia  ia  phuMfdbqroidadoabtin  my  ntind.';  in  auch  caSe,  the  Mtltiv^bo 
Slave  been' huttara  and  tired  by  repeated  calls  iipon  them  (aiid  fkrming  and 
lAinnfiicturea  in  a  manner  Miapended)'  Wduld  upon  erty  pressing  ettkergency 
have  run  with  alScrity  t6  arms  1  vlrhertairthe  cry  i^ow  is,  **  tUxy^hOf  ui  -mU  ht 
ruined  in  one  way  <m  another"  andvith  difficulty  they  are  obtained,  t  m^tiiM 
these  tilings,  to  ahew,  that,  in  my  opuiion,  (p*  *famf  dependence  M  placed  upon 
iMtatte  ahetkeryear,  congreto  wtff  te'  deeeftud.  When  danger  la  a  litQJe  re- 
itaoved  fi-on^  them,  th<^  will  not  tiim  oiit  at  atl.  IVhen  it  oomea  hbme  to 
them,  the  well  aflfeetpd,  instead,  of  flying  to  arma  Ui  defttid  themsetfes,  are 
buaily  employed  in  Amoving  their  fitmiUea  and  efiects— whilst  the  disaifecU 
ed  ate  (concerting  measui^s  to  make'  their  subinission,  and  apread  terror  and 
diimay  all  arbond,  to  induce  others  to  follow  the  ekample.«-Qailir'e3(p0rieno6 
and  abundant  proofs  warrant  this  informatibtt."*       '       ';  ^-  f .   •    '^  V-  * 

J)ecw^Hili,ij7t 

**Thul  themil^ia  are  not  to  be  depended  Wt  or  aid  expected  Jjrom  tkem  but 
in  Stuea  ^f  the  moat  prewing  emergency,  is  not  to  be  idoubted.  The  firiit  of 
tbeae  propoattions  ia  unqueationabie :  an^  fatal  experience  lias  given  hfer;  sanc- 
tion to  the  truth  of  the  bitter.  (^  Indeed  their  lethargy  of  late,  and  back' 
wardneee  to  turn  out  at  thit  alanhikg  critit,  leem  tp'juetify  dh  aj^eheniion 
that  ne^hbeg  can  bring  thorn  from  their  heme*.  Pur  want  of  their  assistance,  a 
huge  part  of  Jersey  haa  beeh  exposed  to  rava^  an4  to  plunder  |  rior  do  I 
know  that  Pennsylvania  Would  share  a  better  fate,  cou}d  general  Howe  effect 
a  passage  acroas  the  Delaware  with  a  respectable  foi-ce.  These  considera- 
tions have  induced  me  to  wish  that  no  reliance,  except  auCh  at  may  arite  from 
neeetrity,  ihouldever  be  had  an  them  again  i  and  to  make  further  mention  tu 


*  Idem,  page  333. 


4s 


j*^.\ 


S0 


ooMTctB  of  the  espedieiM^  of  ineitiidng  thdr  umjr.   1  fuit  tbit  mMUMtn 
wilTincet'UieireariiMt  attention;)*^-:''    ■■  ■•(•<,':>.,...  .>:•',  «,.o,;..*^^  ,;' . 

thi  o^gia«iridl  our  ii^fl>rtui)e%  iMidittt  |^t  »c^nubfti(Mi  <tf  owiMM^ 

• .  f^  .W«  9>hI(  air*  tb»t  th(e  enemx  »»  d«ul)rf«thc|riiif  plnrngA^  i^ofd  HUfi  &h 
afltadti^' '  Thhi  •tifengtii,  like  •  unpv-Mll,  Inr  ipUtng*  wpUkeMMc^  «nMf^ 
Miftie  liiHns  <i$xiim  ^eviKd  to  dieck  efiectouly  tte  prbgreM  tf  tbie  etiemyii 
If.  Militia  nMiyipMiiibty do  it  for  *  Utt|e  while t  but  bi a)ittfe  i^ aliib^ 
>%  «ifiMi  ^  l/biiM  Mwiff  -aMeh  hime  iimt/remmNJi  «HlU4  itfNp^  (ij-ndtt 
iu»  fnrnout  iU  iUi,  or*  if  <i»y.  dc^  it  w^l  be  witti  «o  mMi  ir^iMice  ium^ 
slii>i|i^  A*  to  anMnuit  to  tlieaame,tliing^aitfpicfe,M««  je^ft  «^^ 
fljrtt«iia!-^Hioald  ahjr  thin^  but  the  nver  Dataware  h«  ^e  uifi  n)4a4eI|>IU»  i 
&a>aiiytiiinf  (tbeexigeiicy  of  the  ca^mdei^iiiayjtttt^  itlbe  miDteoe^ 
Btru^M  t4  the  KonStipK  •ervioe,  THAK  (O'CMVW  T9N  DCttXASS 
BOiTNTY  FOK  81X  IrBKlEfl*  SEaVICE  OF  THE  MIUTIA,  <O*WH0 
COMHi  IN  YOi;  CANNOt  tIBLL  HOWrHClTlGO  TOU  CANNOT  "VKlL 
tranSN^HCfAND  AlCt  YOU  CANNOT  TELL  V^HEBBHC^tiONgUMB 
YOtm  FROVISIONS-^Kd- EXHAtlStT  TOim  fiTQB^  ANB  0^  LEAVB 
YptJ  AT  J.A9*  AT  A  pIlITIGAL  MOMENT. 

'**  Thtiise,  ■ir,  are  the  hwh  (am  to  depend  tqxMi,  tjen  days  henoe  i  tli.ia  ii  tho 
bfisia  oh  which  ypiir  cause  will  and  mtlst  forever  depend,  tiU,yott  get »,  large 
standih{^  umy  saffieii^t  of  itaeU^  to  oppose  the  ei>«iiliy.**i  \ 
,,,A"V.  '  '  '  JaiimatTi  Ut,  1717. 

.~<AfU»r  mtioh  perai^iont  and  tile  exertionii  tH  tbeir  offleM,  half  or  a 
g^etterprtipttotioa  bflho>e  Anbin  the  eastward  hAve  oonsented  to  stay  sis 
weelpi'on  a  bounty  Of  ten  domrs,  I  feel  thJe  indmveniency  of  tM*  idinno^ 
aiiidt  1cnoW;th#  Oonseauencef  that  will  result  ftom  it^-but  whiit  could  b6 
done  ?  jPenhsylvaniahad  alloweil  the  same  to  her  militiiif— tiie  troops  fistttiieir 
}mi|9rtlu>ce,'ai^wouldhave  theirprioe.''$    J.  > 

,  /  i,  ,  /an«oi;y  5«A,,1S77. ; 

.^^fTMrWge  piquets,  advieuiced  towards  Trenton—their  grent  ptejpara- 
tiotiB,  and  sOme  intelligence  I  hud  received^  added  to  their  Iraowledgf  that 
thitjij^t  of  Januaty,  brought  on  a  diotobttion  iffthe  bett  fori  of  the  drmy->--^\9 
ihe  we  9tKmgest  reasona  to  conclude  ^hat  a^  attack  upon  us  wasInedi• 
**  The  ^ereri^  of  the  ieason  has  made  our  troops,  eqiecially  the  iniUtia« 
extreinely  iinpati!^^  and  has  tedneed  the  number  VfJty  considerably.  Itvery 
dfyrmoreorlessleaTens.''**.     , 

/afiua|;y  19lA»  1777.' 
**  Q!!^  Thefhtfi^imting  ttaie  of  an  army  cofn/(o«e<f  chi^}/  ofmliHa,  Udafair  to 
redvte  u»  fo  the  oituation  in  vrhieh  wr  were  rame  liUfe  time  <\J9-— that  is,  of 
scarce  hairinv  any  army  at  all<i-«xeept  reinforcMiments  speedily  arrive.  One 
of  the  battauons  from  the  oity  of  Philadelphia  goes  home  tO'day,  and  the 
other  i^  only  remto  a  few  days  loneer  upon  courtesy.  The  time  for  ^hich 
a  country  brigade  under  general  Mimin  eamie  out  is  expired:  and  they  stay 
firom'day  to  &f  by  dint  of  solicitation— their  numbers  much  reduced  by  de- 
8ertion«.''tt 

**  As  militia.|nu9t,be  our  dependence  till  we  can  get  the  new  arnay  raised 
and  prope%  an^nged,  I  mustentrcat  you  to  continue  yoiir  endeavours  wit^ 
the  states  of  F^^nnsylvtaia,  Maryhmd,  and  Virginia,  to  tur^  out  evi:iy  majl 
they  possibly  can,  and  for  some  time  longer  than  they  generally  have  stipu* 
Uted  for,  (O^IF  THEY  AGREE  FOR  A  MQNTH  or  any  Umited  thne.  it 
should  commence  from  the  time  thj^y  actually  join  the  army,  and  not  from 


*  Idem,  page  346. 
§  Idem,  vil.  U.  page  2. 
**  Idem,  page  6. 


f  Idem,  page  350. 
f  Idem,  page  3. 
tt  Idem,  page  10. 


^Ibid. 


sH 


TBE  INbltttiMMCH. 


I,  tiut»  by  t|ie  tone  tiie  jmlttia  who  itie  JMnr  in  lenrice 


tl^  tiin«  tlM^  kat^i  their'  lMMMiitoth«nrii«t|M  mariBbiijig  hi^kwai^' and 
^W4^^  cfnuttflUA  the  torm  of  eagig^^ 

'^'S..'^  '-' ':  v.'V'J*'';  •■■  J  .' ^fi.'  .■■..  JanHors^SidtlTTT. 

<«^TIi«Moei»rifty.itpi|  W0J1M9  bMii  «i|4«reji4«r, wider,'  of  celUoif  iii.  and 

aifiiof  ^  mitttUi.  j|9ett(Bn  9ur  entooiy  all  «^c  the,  wjiMrld  in  a  ip«6iiq>. 

Th^ir  oAoeta  ate  so  inepiWt  thai  they  ^tiaphhy  •uffer  Uketr  ipen  tb  ^oapy 

hO9ii«i'0«ie«y  thiiw  itfiit^a  jM^  intio  tiiieiB,  hwidi;  «^  ibre«er  Jtiet  iotbf 

--'  V  -^        -  ■''^'-■•■v"-^- '■■':;  yfibri.wjmth^m7. 

*f.Af.  thia  tim^  «ir«iareonqr  about  four  thotMuid  atrime-i«  Ibfce  you  wiir 
suptxM«.,«iiM!i^UiA  to  *  auoi^  oppoiitiott,  if  they  were  Mot  militia,  and  Ut 
tno  wfmfoif  ^«iJg<&noia  of  o(u^  Ifeuri.  K  is  impoiBiUe  tb'ob^^  exact 
r^^^lhoui^.QM^  are  daily  <MhA  &ri-^«m\ni  to  the  firequoiit  atid  iMioik 
coMtalit:depai^re,QCti6meQf't^'<M^  -'l'  '/ ,  ■' V /, 'c.','',:' 
'  ''■  :•  .  -4^ 
/•i'Waa.i^,,! 

xnMAd  be  4i>^l>iu|^  we  abould  have  bad  t  eonaideral4lB  niimbek*  of  theitew 
teriea  iw the  Qeld :  but,  thoaf^  |.hm^  r^iQ<U  fttm  all quane^' of  tte*  dnut 
avOQOiA  of  the  lectuUiipif  ..  1  auuibt\|;et  a  miu|  hito  the  atrfiMe.  fienet^i 
Johnsoi^e  miUtia  all «o  1^  5^ -of  March  Cn>any  aie.gone  already):  and 
'  gcnei«l  Iincoin*a  on  the  15th.  Theae  two  bodiea  Sbiem  so  cttiaidi^reble  » 
part  of  our  fcqree,  thal^  unless  they  »^  replaced,  (t^l  thatt  tut  in  0  inanutr 
dfitihite.^'i  .''■,■■-■■,';    .v---.   .•'.■-.'■:•■ 

Jllbrr<«(oim,  f^4ire<|i  i4fA,  irrr. 

**  Wiia^  pro«|>eet  there  may  be  of  immfsdiaie  suceoiarB  ftoi^  dt^erguk^ers^ 

I.lEnow not':  but Cj^rom <A< miUtid ^fthi»iHiieIeemii»t ij^ciitfSnvemuh, 

«f«r«  omI.    TlwMe  who  aiie  Well  affected  hnVe  been  iM>  iNi|Uentiy  galled  fimh 

their  homes,  that  t^y  aee.tired  oai,  abd  alnM)at  profesf^^Jot  ablvstrenoe  Of  tbe 

■  service*^  ,  ,;■  •,  ''--'/■' 

*'  By  the  paymasti^rV  report,  the  commissi  here  requites  ^immediate 
dxdt  nr  a  hundred  thousand :.  and  fba  militia  returning  and  about  to  l^ve 
camp  a Jiuridred  and  twenty  tliousand  more.  (f[f  The  txptiut-^  catling  tm 
thernHfivfumtlyittUmoetineredible.''** 

/  /  JtrorHttcrmi  MartkllSth,  1777. 

"  T  ui^d  goTilmor  Trumbull  ui  a  letter  of  the  0th  inst.  to  send  two  tiiou- 
jBvn&M  his  militia  to  the  same  plaloe.  But  sorry  I  am  to  obsenre,  Q^'i^e  <"/■ 
Utidhanegit  tired!*W  .,■•.: 

"For  want  of  proper  coercive  powers*  from  disafibction  aiid.othereauie8~ 
0;;^  lAc  tniUtia  of  fkis  ttate  [JVVw  Jeraey]  ore  tiot  |»  be  depended  i^tn.— 
QO*  They, are  drmm  out  -with  ^jfictU^,  and  \Cy  at  a  meat  enermouteaiieiite,  as 
their  accounts  will  ^hew:  a:^TI|^  COME,  YOU  CAIT  SCAKCE  TELL 
HOW:  od^THEY  GO,  YOU  HAltlKLY  KUOW  "WHESf.  (CMN  THE 
lAMEJ^B^ICAMENT  ABE  THOSE  OF  P£NNSY(.yANlA.*'t* 

-  "  small  as  our  present  fdrce  is,  it  will  be  reduced  in  a  few  days,  by  thfe 
f^ing  off  of  the  Jersey  three-months-men,  the  C60il  county  mHitia,  and  the 
Virgiiiia  volunteers,  aU  of  whom  chum  discharges  nettmonth.*^ 

'..  jipHmth,irrr. 

<'  So  early  as  the  6th  |^  March  I  wn>te  to  governor  TrumbuQ,  eameiUy 
retjuesting  two  thousand  militia  to  be  s^t  to  |;eaenl  Me  IXsugal,  to  be  em- 
ployed  at  PeekdctU  imd  on  the  eommunication  in  West-Chester  county, 
tTfir  aixveek*.  Witli^is  requisition  he  most  readily  complied,  so  £ir  as 
his  orders  were  necessary,  and.  (I  am  certain)  his  infiuenceirould  extend. 
Thia  I  have  repeated,  anu  this  supply  he  has  exerted  himself  to  furnish :  yet 


*  Idem,  pi^  11. 
§  Idem,  pi^  36. 
j\  Idem,  page  46. 


f  Idem,  page  14        #  Idem,  page  51. 
^  Idem,  page  42.        **  Idem,  page  44. 
#t  Idem,  page  47,     .  $$  Idem,  page  48< 


sft  jlt^r9^l«^  bm  J^wMdrnpiuM  Um,  t)|i^  not  mote  than  c|Kht  hundicd 
^maUoNMrre,  IffhemUitik«m4»ll^>ut;ltil)oal4beforiii«lde. 

mmsh  out  fit'iMt  ttatat.lr  diideMd/  IFtfl^tr  S(Mriic#^k  tEri^  wift^ 


«!9, 4iM|mMM*  M!p«f l)en«wnt>  ijf  tike  auaikM^gnecl  Uiie  4lib;ent«t«te|iu(« 
not  imhtib^^ly  fiUea,  we'ihall  b»ve  J6«^  t&^  fear:  QC^iT^  «Aa(tt  iMiwr 

'„'■'■''■)•'■■:'  '''!";'■■''-'-''.   "      An^miiiic^TM,  1777.  '■^ 

\  jlB|i)iUf  ;i;i9iif«ted«  to*^  |M»<ey3  liie  exdMor  U^ubtftil 

"    ■    'X  m  fpv^.  Myinntpn,  by  ».bit«  ktter»  i^fenns, 

^ Siii  mote  fbaii  tbtee  haii^r^  of  w  thousuul 

(^M  Ar^ib  |(«m«SiitMiP<Mtt  df  ^eHt^biiiiiVwiii&ldiiiaMb,  nMwHhttiiiid; 
iiw l»,ht4  ip^i|ied.oide|rlJ>r jUii|t|iiifnjgei  and  tbattbiee  w^t  woubl  pl»o» 

.j..v>.    ,.    ■..■   ^■',':    ,.    '      ■    /.  '       :'.'''  '.'   Oetpber 7th,  1717. 

^  rab;  the  aetS3nL'd:tfjwi^^  ilVniwi^*  jr^aiii  o/  Jetteg  milMa  htu  guiu 
Mib,  VrFbb  jjliett  MfSmBbb  o^  tUiia^  and  deailtoiM  to  re- 

tjpliltome.:  ,awd  M».  t^Jif>iiy^  ivietU^M)ieik  Ih^  i^eMMd  I^dtniMn,  there  waa 
<^"  19  ^?IHllnf  ii^'^  .loifl^^  b^  »  caH  %  the^>  autiMei  in  tbe  Jeneya,  il 
vatbouf^t  ^lDedwnt,to  g»ituy  theil(>  di^ire.*^ 

.  '*»€yfrm'anl7'Bb<wiwiB,'--<hat  fl^'Tin|iB'.'C»Ktaft,i«poKi( ,-'<»'  «aI)>xm«  f**; 

llflpi-l^^f^.IW^'p^  XHS^';r>-*Ll»;';lil.  T9iL '^e^D«»«..  0,C"''T»^;.wiMl.  WAYS 
BEait^    so    !81[(yBRp|.V    AMD.   R'mWOVaVT  <T*LT>     THAT'  I     TKOfT   QV%. 

Views  wiLi^)rEvc«ae  ■rvnirkD  to  TasKBO-r  im  aaasa  or  tub 

6iTM:^B»TfwfeT««>«,l%T»,^*-'  "■ '■       .,.''>■■■- 

f-SHk  iaJli^j|h^(Jlj^£s9<f  ofid  art  ft(ilMf$«r  m  te  ntmtedani 

all  tbe  fencer,  ex^jpt  about  tyo  hiindretl,  are  already  goae  i  ami  a  few  days, 
I  expect,  wiUproduci!  i^'^depuittre  of  tbe  whole  or  chief  part  «fibi  totte;!-* 
from  tbe  imbortanute  i^ibUcationk  which  aomeof  them  have .made.*^ 

**  Agreeable  to  my  expectations*  (^lAe  \yirginia\  mlitia  ate  vMff  so 
that  we  bBve  none  now  in  aid  of  t^  cbiiUnental  troops  but  thbae  of  tkis  state 
[PennsybraniaQ  mentioned  iB-|Iie  'return,  itbd  a  few  from  MaiyhAd^'^f  t 

«  The  militia  of  tbia  state,  aupposbig  they  should  be  tolerablat  vigorous  in 
tibfrckertionsi  will  hot  be  eqMd  to  the  task:  at  leaat  it  Will  Kdi™cult>  >f 
qot  IlDpraolibaJiUrvlor  thcml  todo  it.  (tjr  A  it  to  be  -mithed  thaituth  ateOH  be 
drawn  out  hm^  be  engaged:  t9  oerve  CO^  TJEIRB^  MO^THfiU  t^  oC^  TWO 
AT  LEAST,  (if  it  can  be  dfected)  aft«^  theiir  arrivd  in  cai^p»:  and  ibat  a 
im>di;  oould  be  adopted  to  suppfy  their  pbusea  with  others  at  tie  expiration 
bf  th«;ir  term,  ahpuid  tbe,exigen9y  of  our  itSllin.reipiire  it  iytime  for  their 
c^tifiuanee  dtoW'be fixed,  or  (O^theuvfftiUwajfii  be  vniaey'iifd piuhing  t^jfi 
and  tlie  bngtir  ^ubislances  Will  adnut  it  to  be,  ^  betterf  for,  after  the 
pttiodniiura,  fir  tttdibK  iheff  eotnie,  GO*  if  lailt  be  impoeeible  io  detftn  them  a 
flie3iinii.'*Vif 


*  Idem,  page  Ck*. 
$  Idem,  page  163. 
tfld^,^ttg419r. 


-f  Idpn,  page  75.  i.  Idem,  page  86. 

ir'ldem,  page  180.  *Mdeni,  page  189. 

ii  Id^,  pag^  200.'  ^  Idem,  page  20t. 

AS 


ft] 


TUB  4JUIVK  MUkNCH. 


■b»l(je  Ili0  fUth  of'the  oiott  itrmiM^t  «df oettMlbr  r«llme« 
o»  in^lhU  for  mntral  defepe^.  Nefer  w«»  mjt  Mini  nor* 
ftUy  sr  eMviiMlnilly  «BfoM«dc  /IV  i«B«iiMi  Mipwiaiite 
•r  tlw  M^etr-tlw  migbly  «rff9i«  Hmt  prevail  «■  |it-4iBd 
the  niiii«u»  fmnequeiMet  thMs  OTorf  utitgr  oitail  on  wh^ 
wilU  I  trutt,  Mly  Juitify  nra  for  iimIi  long  deUiUt* 
The  foUowing  poaklMit  «re«leMhr  ukllrreiittiblj  eitak* 

JV  Tfcet  tlw  «ip«ii*  of  Mtlithi  k  exwUlMtlj  fiMit, 

H^  TliftC  ther  mumet  be  teduced  ie  tbit  ilrieMeif  ef  <IU- 
eli»ttee  whieh  it  inaUfWBiiltfy  neeenery  ie  aU  am 

•.  Tbst  tbe  fe^ied  «r.  Mrxtloe  it  toekertr  UmI  U  eij^ 
befonLtlii^  eMi'eeqttire  nllilary  iliill*  ,  ?  < ».  >j 

4.  That  irhetever  lie  tile  ewergeanyt  ifhw>  the  eeHatf  <»f 
lerviee  has  expired*  the  mlttiia  ofuinet  he  rftalned  in  wr- 
yiee.>wi4honi  selieitaUeii  attedly  deitratliTb  eC  tttbcidiAft. 

tleni  ■  rw  ■ -Vi  V«-  '"S^'    ff-S*^    -'VT      ■'■■:;     ■'    . : '•     >-       ^    ,  ,^' • « AF."*     ,--/    5 

I  am  well  aware;'  thiiC  there  are  tHwetrieiit  eseeptlettft  te 
these  ebiernitioBi.  The  militia  h#fe»  ia  Oiaiiy  iaitaaeeik 
made  «groad  and  leleriotti  diiMlay  of  all  tlie  inililaiTjrhN! 
taeff»  in  as  high  a  degree  ae  the  bravest  Veteraas.  Th^ 
have  defdaied  equal  and  sufwrier  awnbers  ni^'troe|w  ef  the 
latter  deseclftien :  witaetB  J^attsbargh,  New  Orleans,  kf* 
But  theM  easel  de  aet  forai^lhd  rule.  Thej  «l<eveseeplfoRS. 
And  were  any  person  to  prodnee  me  tastanees  to  InndblRte 
imy  poiitionkf  I  e<^uld  out-numb^r  them  veiy  eonsiderably. 
But  I  studiously  draw  a  Veil  over  tiie  sul^eot,  fo  asgr  man 
of  reason  Md  eommon  sense,  who  refleets  on  the  mode  of 
seleetion,  o^-who  insptets  a  bodhr  of  drafted  ttiiUtlay  it  must 
be  o(iyious>  that  the  m64fi  is  raoienl^y  wiwng* 


Coiueription  or  CtaMiJteaHonqfMiMat  tojitt  up  the  Army, 
a  mmuure  of  the  American  revolvtiott.  i  tan  kommed  kff 
Bwkaparte,    General  Knoee'e  ftan, 

I  NOW  undertake  to  establish  my  ilflth  position,  <*  that 
the  system  of  elasslfteatinn  is  the  tnost  .impartial*  the  inost 
effioHoiotts,  and  this  \€^  oppressive  mode  of  enWngUie 
railiiia^nto  servieet  of'any  of  the  plans  that  have  ever  oeea 
devised.*'    , 

This  mo(2n  of  calling  the  militia  into  service*  applies  to* 
and  bears  equally  upon,  die  whole  Imdy  of  the  militia 
throughout  the  najUon^  without  exception.    This  is  a  eha- 


•n: 


jmBiriw*, 


fmt  Md  ha*  It  atf  tttlwr  «dirint«|^»  wiukt  nKitle  11  t#  » 
defMbd  ofefereneo  wv  every  ollMr. 

Thftt  U  it  melt  efleMioiii  ft  equally  elear.  Tlie  lerriee 
it  entirely  velantary.  Wo  ibmi  aeed  tene  wlie  deet  sot 
flfld  lilntelf  qealiAedt  mhI  wIio  Iim  any  Kvettle«  ;iibatev«r 
'  to  tile  tervieiei  U  It  aeerileit  le  ppovei  at  il  iiMl  l»  ww- 
^Viient  to  the  niMt  taperieial  obtenrerf  tlwt  tliere  it  aal  taw 
ealeulabledUTerenee  la  polat  of  eDkleaoy  betweea  aigr  aom- 
iMf  of  aiOD  wiio  af»  drafted  by  lotr  aad  fbiaed  to  tetfro, 
wlietlMr  tlii^  eboote  or  aot*  aad  this  taaw  auailier  of  aieB 
who  eater  tbeiojnrioe  of  tlMir.owB  Awe  «in. 

Th4t  thit  tytteflft^it  the  leatt  MmireMiwe^lt  eqaatty  indii* 
putable.  Aoeordinr  to  Ike  preTaOing  oMUtfa  lytlenM^  orenr 
Ma»  drafted  matt  Mtiier  terre*  or  tefld  a  taMtate  at  im 
oWa  iadltidiial  extfenie.  la  aU  the  t(i^et».  |ieavy»  end,  to 
thoBior»rainoutiaet»arelaipotedoadoliaq«eM«*  llilr- 
t^-tnree  doHarif  wkieh  it  the  fine  in  Maiiaehtttetttr  io  aa 
eHormoat  tarn  to  a  poiir  penoa,  wMeb  fbi^.  hint  into  the 
tetviee»  lioiroyer  reluelaat  Or  unfit  fbr  diiity.  WlinreMi.  ai 
eerdiag  td  the  elhttiflratioD  piaa,  all  the  porteao  Ikhle  to 
military  eerrlee  tiiroaghoat  the  ttate^or  italet*  at  thoeate 
■lay  be»  eoatiibnte  Umr  retpeetive  qnotat  towardr  ieyinj; 
tbote  who  may  oibr  their  tervieet*  or  who  may  be  ehntteo« 
if  eaUttmeat  Deaeeettary^  wliietf  it  rarely  will  be. 


Mj  tfiith.propotition  it*  <*  that  the  elatiifie(ition  tyttool^ 
pmvaiied  flarln^  the  revoluUon.'^ 

All  tnat  It  neecH|iary  to  gro?e  thit»  it  to  refbr  the  reader 
to  the  following  extraott  from  the  laws  of  Pennsyl? ania, 
which  were  tiwilar  in  tub^taooe  to  those  enaoted  in  the 
other  ttatet. 

"  And  be  it  ftirther  enacted liy  the  aathnity  aforesaid,  That  the  eommiv* 
stonera  of  t^e  city  and  aeveral  conntiea  of  this  state  respectively,  or  anv  two 
of  th«mi  skall  direct  the  assessors  of  Uie  several  townships,  wards,  and  di»> 
trictp,  in  the  said  city  and  counties  respectively,  to  meet  on  or  before  the 
first  dav  of  February  next,  at  the  usual  place  <k  holding  courts  in  the  said 
city  and  counties  respectively,  or  at  such  otiter  place  or  places  wliete  the 
MvL  commissiooersshAll  think  most  convenient,  and  shall  then  and  theije,  in 
CQnjunetioii  with  the  said  assessors,  proceed  to  elate  th»  toxtible  pei-ient  and 
property  withinthe  said  city  and  counties  respectively,  iii  such  manner  that 
the  savd  pro^ty,  to|pether  with  a  proportionable  sum  on  alt  taxable  single 
freemen,  shall  be  divided  into  as  many  equal  parts  as  the  quota  oS  men,  which 
tlie  said  eity  and  counties  respectively  are  by  this  act  required  to  enlist,  shall 
consist  of,  paying  due  regard  to  the  ease  and  convenience  of  the  inhabitants, 
by  Including  those  who  reside  near  each  odier  within  the  same  class ;  and 
sball  transmit  to  Uie  several  classes,  by  persons  by  them  to  be  appointed  for 
that  service,  Q[j*  an  order  in  vritiuj,  under  the  hands  o/t/te  eaid  cotnmitaiouere, 
or  atu/  ttoft  o/them,  with  a  dupUcate  annexetl,  coniuinin^  tite  names  of  each  and 


mi 


m 


THE  eiWMnUNCH. 


THMHArrBB.' 


•*• 


••■•riHV'  WOTS  \ 

AHDWUy 


I  ♦  'I 


>!U1PER 


••  Andte  It  ftirther  erwetcd  bj*  !lM  autkoritf  uRmnM,  t1utl.t)M  eommfc. 
•kMMM  «f  the  city  and  MTcral  ewinlite  ofthlt  ■tat*.  »iyi<ttf*||,  or  «i^  t»o 
«r  ^iMm.  «liiU  Ibrlkwith  tfanmiVto  tt*  Mvml  qUimSi  ol4Mi4  %  v;^>tM  of 
in  wa  oftlw  AMembly  of  thut  «ut«,  tntitM,  **  Ai^  Mt  tommm  tWgiMU 
ofthe  fMcfilftrmviviilMadib  tftU  ittb,**  PMkd  the  tweritt^  third  3^  of 
Seeenbi^,  om  thMAtM  Mntn  hdindMd  Ml  eicht^,  bjr  mhmm  to  W  bjr  ttim 

S tod  Ibr  that  Mrvioo,  ^  ordor  hirii!ritiiif  undor  tMr  baadi,  will  %  da. 
I  anftn^,  eoatai^int  tho  iimbw  of  om^  Jiid  ortrjr  ppnon  oo«mo«faig 

mmth,,  o»  <iAWm^  oMf  DlSIlVini  tOTn&  PROnW  OtrVlCEll,  ONE 

aiEk  BOdmo  RtooiiuiT  wrrmN  timB^i  days.   ' 

' ;  **  And  bo  it  Enacted  bv  the  authority  afbreaald.  That  (XTif  ow  «^  «•* 
-  tktMhMU  mq^EmI  ar  r^fiut  t»  ttiUrt  •m  oMr  MM  fvcHitt  at  ii/^r^MM< 
within  the  time  limited  and  ^liieotod,  or  to  make  vetutn  theteof  to  the  aa- 
aefaaret>f  the  proper  townahip,  trai^  or  diatriot,  it  ahall  and  amy  b^  lAtrfiil 
<bf  the  a«id  eodiiniaUoherai  or  tovnahip,  ward,  or  diatriet  aaaaaaora^  or  any 
of  tbem,  and  they  wo  hfreby'mithorisea  and  required  to  enlist  ior  the  term 
aftreayd»  and  deliver  to  the  proper  oAoW .  on*  ane  bo|died'  ftdhlh  m  behalf 
of  aw^  daapor,ciaaa«i(»veapectiTely  t  and  that  it  ihaU  and  may  bjt  U#ftd  fcr 
the  aaid  eommiiaiomq>aK  toifnahip,  ward»  or  diatritft  asaieaaoN, ,  or  eit|be>  of 


theovwH^  aoeh  neiieetor  reAiael  ahall  happen,  to<pifoeeed  awl  lr7,inthe 
noMerdireeted  by  the  Wa  now  in  force  fcr  Uvyinf  ahd  OoUeotiAg'tfOfr 
pulAi«taMe>Qn  the  eluaa  orolaseeeaonegleoUng.or  reniainct  the  evtof  egrecd 
to  be  pittd  by  the  aaid  ooiimdaaionera,  townahip,  #aid,  or  diamot  aietHort, 
«it  any  of  than,  i^  the  aaid  recruit,  end  tite  reaaonable  espensea  accruing 
thereupon,  to  prdper  proportlena,  aeeordiria  to  the  k|t  >ubUe  tax  leri^d 
ther^  I  which  thi^  are  hereby  enjoined  and  directed  to  do  within  two  daya 
efterauohreeniit  Mall  be  enlisted.    , 

**  Be  it  ftirther  enacted  by  the  authority  aibreaaid,  That  the  oommiHionert 
of  the  aeferal  eountiee,  re«pectiTely,  ahall  provide  and  keep  a  boolt,  into 
irtiidi  they  ahall  enter  m  numerwal  oi^der  the  aeveral  delinquent  oUiaeir.aa 
thev  shall  be  returned  to  them,  and  wall  enlist  veon^ta  fw  the  aaid  delin. 
qumt  claaeea,  eceordhif  to  their  reipectite  numbers,  and  in  like  manniBr  levy 
andcolhsettheiuma  imposed  on  them  respectively  by.this  act't^^ 

By  these  lawit  eaoli  elais  Wfti  obliged  to  fur^it|i  ah  able* 
bodied  reeruitp-«ither  one  of  their  own  nuinb«r»  or  a  person 
to  tie  eiiiisted  by  them,  and^  at  tbeii*  joint  expense-^whioh 
is  precisely  the  idea  of  the  seeVetary  of  state  and  Jl^r. 
Giles. 

This  is,  I  presutne*  eonelnsive.  This  relieves  the  systc^n 
of  elassilicalion  froiii  the  odium  attached  to  it  as  a  diaeove- 
ry  of  the  prolific  brain  .of  Bonaparte.  His  inventive  powers 
have  had  more  eredit  in  this  respeet  than  they  deserve. 
He  has  taken  the  plan  at  second  hand  from  the  sages  and 
iicroed  of  the  revolution. 

*  Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  1780,  chap.  czci.  page  42d. 
f  Idem,  page  501. 


It  I 


M'mijmMtmaL'nn' 


llTiifXiyoInt  It  ta  ptow,  <«UUit  d|i  JBliiiMlMtiit  dr 
MBitriptioft lyitem*  mott  elaborttebrmtturtA bj  GMtral 
Knox,  sad  itainpad  witli  tlwjetl  ^f  UMMtal  WtilUiigtMi'f 
Mprobfttkiit  WM  POM  itlfiM  Ib  lu  pNvlaloM  Uum  aoj  of 

Oenena  KMx'«iMr«iMd  Mt  fejriteiii  te  pMiMMitlfiiV 
liM^Mi. .  It  b^n  d»M,  JMiMiry  is,  irto-nuMl  tht  Uttor 
wnielifrtlbBMft,  hM  tli«lbllownig4iitrodiMiiMi  t 


**  HftTSiif  lubailtted  to  your  •omklewUott.  a  plan  Ibr  tlio  ■mnraMiit  of 

fht  nttteU  of  tlM  t/ohed  wiMi.  wMdi  1  h$A  MMMtod  to  the  tolt « 

BU  t»vi|iff  MMOTod  tbo  fBOonlbrineiplN 


to  the  tote 
•f.tlie  UniteABtfttei,  ind  you  haVifif  MMorod  Ibo  fBOenlijriiwiplM 
«M  etrtafn  «««i|Mmi«,  I  hoir  ^appaetfuily  ky  the^aine  b^^e  yo«* 

1*1X1111  tlilrpliiBf  afntoved*  m  wt  wa*  tad  mbMUtoii  ti» 
«ongreM  bj  O^nerftl  Wathinctpii,  I  inboilt  BiiextrMCf  ui- 
plY  adequate  to  prote*  tba^.tf  bpro  tbo  oMootbli  IbiUiig^i 
wbiob  bioloBff  to  lite!  lyitam  o^  denaeo  wUeb  baft  oeea  liaa^ 
eU  down  by  tbo folly  aad  madilMi  ar  partjr.  la  tuiU  It  was 
iiBok  moi«  tcriot  an4  toirere  la  iti  dotaili*  tbg|  ot%of  Of 
thoio  dlMitodb/||i(o  librB^ary  a|  war  ^rMr.^ll«i«^tbat 
oiMMsiod  la  llew 'IToldi^r  tbo  oBO.Mieettid  by  tbo  M^at 
le|^ilaiure  of  Peaaif iTiUda.  Noae  ortbe-ipeoeBt  ptaat  ooA* 
tanipiatod  lenr  loo  bayoad  M  vean-i^wber^kf  Oea^iniilKai^x 
,  «aiii^ried  bit  ^iep*  to  a  tbird  eiaN»  to  be  ooniDoaMi  of  eltliieai 
fbeiweea  46  and  60  yean.  ,  Ait  plaa  iifcewiae  eoatenwbited 
eompnhory  servloe  of  the  mariaertf  who,  at  we  •ball  Nfe» 
,were  to  be  sul^jeot  to  oohioriptioB. 

Eaotraetfrom  QmeMd  Knox^ifHanfin^tHgrneral  amfnge* 
tMntmrmMiUtiaofthe  Untied  haifi§,§uhmUUd  to  Co»' 
greitou  (kuefai.Wathinglon^  ^anitarff  i790*  and.  md- 
^ghed,  M!  order ^  of  the  UovJu  of  Befresentatieei  fff  the 
umted  Statee. 

**  An  enerntSc  nRtkmal  militit  is  to  be  reguded  a*  the  capital  seeori^  of 
4  tttt  repubuc,  and  not  a  itanding  army,  forming  a  distinct  class  in  the  com- 
muntty.      -    ' 

.  "  The  period  of  life  in  which  military  sendee  shall  be  required  of  the  eiti> 
sens  of  the  United  States,  to  commenc*  at  It,  and  ter^mtiite  at  the  age  qi 
HOyesrs. 

''The  men  comprehended  by  this  description* exclusive  of  suehez«ep< 
tions  as  the  legislatures  of  the  respective  states  ma^  think  proper  to  make, 
and  all  actual  tnannrrti  shall  be  enrolled  for  different  degrees  of  military 
duty,  and  divided  into  distinct  classes. 

"  The  1st  class  shall  comprehend  the  youth  of  18, 19,  and  30  years  of  age, 
to  be  denominated  the  advanced  corps. 

"  The  2d  class  shall  include  the  men  from  21  to  45  years  of  age,  to  be  de- 
nominated the  main  corps. 

"  The  3d  class  shall  comprehend  inclusively  the  men  from  46  to  60  yean 
of  age,  to  be  denominated  tn^  >%served  corps. 

"  All  the  militia  of  the  United  States  shall  assume  the  form  of  the  legion, 
which  shall  be  the  permanent  establishment  thereof. 


THE  mmmwmAscn. 


•  ▲  hfiM  iMl  ooMtet  of  113 


l«Bd|«iM|M. 


Md  S880 


'  ••  tlb;iBoil|Jnlci  of  ill  Um  eont  ilull  b«  dbkM'  in  MeHoni  of  19  Mch. 
it'bUdliuiii  ^  tW^divMio,  lb  a&blMiHM  «iiUbMr  vital  pria«l»le,  ifhkh 
to  piiM  nd  WW  slHai  pwvtdi  Uw  nttitUor  the  V»itMl  SUt^i.  ? 


*^  AU  NquititioM  fcr  neii  loy^  an  «>!«b%  Mthw  Ibr  «M(le  or Jbiarid  nr- 
P^tqv,l|»n  bcf^TPiiitM ^,.^  lAtaueadfJad main  )|prp%  bgr nquM  oftlie 

»  ^  lW«M0Mtlv»  gttWuiiiiaHrt  or  n— — Miur in  chier of^Hto  nilitii'of  cioh 
■Ut<^  wUI  M««M  Ito  MunbeM  ii«|^)iia4«n  the  atipeolivo  l^igiMM  of  Umk 
oonci  ^,     ■ , 

*  Tlb^agioiiiiy  g^ftl  wlB  direct  the  prMsortioni  to  be  fbmbhed  by  eaob 
priH^«f  Ms  ebmnund.    (tT  SkMd  »M  *MMir  t*  t4  grtiif  at  » t^^  mm 

ataffir  erefltoiM.  But  tf »  tew  mmber  tbouUL  he  le^iped,  tbi^  viii  Im  ftir. 
niwed  hjr.aa  aitoeitttion  of  aectiou  or  oompMtiei.  Mooiding  to  the  denund. 
toAjaMtitiv  probeMe  that  mutiMd  owweaicnce  my  d!i»u<e  wn  egrrqatnt 
with  m  iadiyiduu  to  perfiuriB  the  wrviee  requifoid.  tfhowever  no  ayraeuient 
tiM  hi  Made,  one  amat  be  detached  by  an  indiruiaihatadraft»aiid.thiotiWn 
•hUlfV  M>  aMua  of  mqiwyi^Ual  to  the  v/w^^  mun  wbiehahall  be  p^ 
in  the  MMM  lefion  fitr  the  Tpliiiitary  peribmiaiio^  of  the  Mrriee  riquircd. 

"  IQ  .eaee  any  aeetion  pr  omjpfm  of  a  Itaioa,  aftetr  hatihg  Aindihcd'iu 
•wnqiMta*  ahoind  have  mote  men  willinf  to  engage  Ibr  the  Nrriee  Quired, 
6thtr  cewpinier  of  the  taroe  leg^  ahalThave  permisiion,itb  engage  tlMn~> 
the  M»  iple  to  ^tcad  to  the  difljbrent  legions  of  the  sute.      T 

'*The  legionaiy  giBneral  JBiast  b^  respensiUe  to  the  commander  in  chief  ipf 
themttit^of  the  ^te,  th«t  the  men  fhraisbcd  are  acc«i^in>  to  the  deaerio. 
tibn,  ind.diat  they  are  equipped  in  the  manner  and  OMvihed  to  the  rendei. 
voitf.  o«nfbrmdlife  to  the  ordc^iv  ^  that  jkurtmse.  V 

(O"*  7!l^  Mm  wAc  NMV  ^»  (V j||«4  •AM  nsi  Mrvrwinr  thm  thm^ffWB  $t 

1X^** Mtk$ aef¥€U  markurt  vr  teamtn if^ the  rttpeetive  ttatet,  (AoKM fv< 
gkttrti  in  tHnrieU,  tmi  4Mded  Ma  twH  dauet^theJirH  tkm  to  etuUt  tf 

aU  tkt  teamtn  fitm  tke  age  ^16  to  30  jfeart  inelusivelt/^the  tevwud  elut$  tt 
eemiet  efaU  tittefrem  $ie  ofe  ef  31  to  45  ineitttivetjf. 

**  Thejfrei  tlau  ehaO  bt  rupnuAbf  tene  three  i^an  m  Mdrd  ^feemfub' 
jfe  erSwd  OMMf  eteUft  ^«m>«  a$  •  eemmleeietml,  ttarrant  ^fitevt  ar  private 
mmi»et  for  which  service  tiiqr  shall  receive  the  customary  wages  and  eniolu- 
mehts. 

**  TV  3deUu»  lihatt  be  reipetuibte  fir  a  portion  ofteroico  Ak  theoe  eaiu  to 
fmhieh  thejirit  eUuo  ohaU  hi  vnequal—ilM  number  required  shall  be  furnished 
by  seotienst  in  ttie  same  manner  as  is  prescribed  for  the  sections  of  the  mi- 
litis.** 

**  The  advanced  logons,  in  all  cases  of  inTSsion  or  rebellion,  shall,  on  re* 

?uisitionof  the  laWfulauUMnity,  be  obliged  (Jiyte.marth  te  ot^  place  vdthin  the 
Tnited  Slotei,  to  remain  embodied  for  tuch  time  as  thall  be  directed,  not  to  ei^ 
cted  en0  fear,  to  be  eomfmted/rem  the  time  of  marcki^  from  the  reHuental 
parade  I  dttjrhig  the  period  ot  their  being  on  such  service  to  be  placed  on  tlie 
continental  establishment  of  pay,  subsistence,  clothing,  forage,  tents,  camp 
equipage,  and  all  such  other  allowancen  as  are  made  to  federal  trooP;  at  the 
•ame  tune  and  under  the  same  circumstances." 

"  The  eommm  mode  of  recruiting  is  attended  with  too  great  destruction  of 
nioraU  to  be  tolerated,  and  is  too  uncertain  to  be  the  principal  resource  of  a 
wise  nation  in  time  of  danger.  The  public  faith  is  frequently  wounded  by 
unworthy  individuals  who  hold  out  delusive  promises  which  can  never  be 
realized.   By  such  means  an  unprincipled  banditti  are  often  collected,  for  the 


ilifi* 


M'jm 


'xm 


purpoMofdafiMdinftTWftlihif  tlMifcalMMl^lMdMHrtoAwMMk  ;rht«an* 
■cqucBcct  IN  Mturtl  >  tuiBhiMQeiiriMrdaMtkiiiliHtofdaiitWtflraraafw 
nady  on  t!  <UghtMt  dUgatt  to  tuiii  thdr  wm  agiimt  their  wDtWf.  Br 
tliA  MtablnhiMBt  of  tliA  flsatkiiMl  .caaMBlaMHl.  MMnMMBk  iMiim  !■  o^mm^ 
whance  tiM  aUtc  In  evfliy  MifMMjf  awi!  U  MjpplMd  witltibM  iifhiM«|l^ 
pendiontheptotperityofthSrodnntiy.**         ' 

inqwit  thp  read«r  wttNnly  wtMk  <1mm  estviMSf  fiid 
will  examine  the.  ft^miralile  pliin»  »t  uwie^  whim  w^ljA  to 
iaai^rtaUae .  tlie  mtmtn  oi  Ocaaml  mfm$»    I  Iio|m  pud 
Urmt  the  dhjr  it  Millw  wetaat*  wIm9>  ti^  Mtoptien  ef  Med  m ' 
mte»  wUlnlMe  m  rMUpnH  •nuiad  ow  ireti^N  Mii  0«v 
tolttet,  wbieb  nicHt  i>|d  deimief  lQ.aU  ||be  honttef  SUraw, 
eoMbined*  were,  tbejr  le  atleiMt  oar  MUngaties.   .Wn 
weiiW  Ikr  eaeeed  tlie  fiuneiw  CMmm  wall  baili  4a  Maui 
anlnit  thct  ineanient  of  Ihf  'I^ptare— or  the  Pletiii  wall 
ef  til*  Bemaa  geaeral  Agrieola. 
V  I  eaanot  past  ovei.oae  lOf i^at  eaaaeeled  with,  thie  aflUr#, 
whieh  thewi,  in  a  itrildng  |^lnt  of  liirht,  the  delaiieik  wlii«b 
the  ipWt  of  ftKitioa  txpkitt^  .  AlUr  ttto  aohle*  eflf icut  ift-  , 
taau  ef  tha  leevetary  al  war  aa4  lir*  Uilei  Mi  jaarilee*. 
te  llio  eaavaliive  ttriigglee  ia  eaagraee  ihr  powep    lad  afr 
tei>»  fCeoarM*  the  eouatty  wat  thus  left  in  a.maaaer' ide-' 
fimeateit  iijA  eiA»iM  to  the  laroidt  of  a>>wepAil  eaawgr*!. 
thto  hoaee  Of  delegates  of  the  ptatoof  Maifyla^AjahliihfA 
an  addreic  to  Rafat  Kiagt  JSeq.  lavieUay  eompliBioiite  oat 
Mm  Ihr  hit.wrirteee  la  d«fi»atiag  tbeiealaB*  of  dofeaoot  Mib> 
jeeting  their  houiei*  tneir  wivei,  their  ebildvea*  thoir  p»- 
veatt*  aad  tlieiiiiielf«i»  t^  the  merey  af  CoeUianM  aadiftor* 
dete!!! 

HBoMffd.  TiM*  tlM  thank*  «f  this  hoott,  in  bdwlf  oTthe  ftwiQenof  M«. 
fyliui^ he, and iim^ffMe^y  pi9c$pB«t«d.to tiw l><p<wiBilHe<!g^ Kiagt ^ 
thcimutsof  the  .pitied,  Btatea^,  for  the  feasoMbl«.and^P()«cfiafAt  ioterppth 
tton  of  his  ezpef  tented  Wisdom  and  etevited  itiflaence  ot  ehamcter,  im  omti. 
inf  Me  mtUf^d  tperathn  if  a  fHonti^,  AetMr  hUie  immmiiltt  ifetmttMu 
tknalfrHdnmt  ^jpnun/t  to  Me^iire  gmm  ffM^tm/ktut,  imdfriatght  tdtk 
em*^tmt*W  hMifiU  and  appidtinf  <•  <A«  —eial  9rdfr»  tnmqu^ti^t  m4  v>eU 
beiHif^ihttl^niHdrtpubHc. 

**  And  this' house  would  aooompany  the  respectful  tribate,' which  is  thus 
specially  offered,  with  a  general  expression  of  the  grateful  tense  whieh  it 
also  entertains  of  the  distingviahed  merit  of  the  othec  mfipbers  of  the  mino. . 
rity».who  io  sted&stly  snd  Ibly  e(M>persti!d,  at  evet^  pmival  ^f  the  ttnujglfi 

an  ai^T^rtt'atkft  ^nueri^  htatiithment,  mote  spbeioiis  in  the  ferm  of  its  ap< 
preach,  but  «k>t  essentially  different  from  tlmti  whosfe  intense  ot^wesaion  has' 
jwiVaniahed  from  the  eontinoot  of  Europe,  with  its  guilty  author,  the  blood> 
stained  usurper  of  France.** 


*oi-. 


\i 


...feir 


TH£  Otimm  MUNCH. 


.■t^-\. 


■rr-i  ■"•»»•»• 


ORAPTEB  LXX. 


BtrrtfmMittitfH.  DiHtation  if  thU  fwter  tutme,  PifHtkal 
LtgtriewMn,  •!  gnini  iUtfnterji  km  U  nUiMf  a  wi- 
nordif  to  rule  tlu  mc^oHty.    JMnt  and  etncurvtnt  votef. 

It  to  t  pikinAM  Irvth*  ilwvediiabto  to  hvoMB  n»tttrt» 
tkRt  pftHltolMit'  flWM '  Hwte  hMmi  la  priv«t«  HAr  tre  honest 
mmI  tjprifht^  4ltpl«iy  oMoidoniklo  laxity  of  prlnei(ilO(  in 
naneo  WMfftIa  the  laioNilt  or  tko  powor^  or  tho  lallaeaoo  of 
Hio  parijr  to  wlUoh  thojr  aroiattaolMd»  to  In  quootlon.  From 
lllto  •troftf  and  palnCM  ooature*  Ibw  partloii  In  «ny  ago  or 
aaaatigr^  Iwvo  Ibwn  froo*  It  to  not  therefero  wondorrulf  that 
both  foderaliiti  and  demoorati  haf«  boon  llablo  to  it.  Their 
btoiovy  aflbrdi  maaj  dooliivo  Ulnitratloai  of  tho  lonndnoii 
aftboaaslBk 

Tho  inyoot  %•  whioli  I  havo  dovoird  thli  oh<ipter»  to  an 
anaatworablf  oorr^boraiWa  of  thi»  atouoattoa.  It  iavolvot 
afrM»¥tolatloiiof  JmtlOtf  and  polltioal  morallty—aadt  vir* 
tnally  diilVanohtoing  ono  portion  of  the  eommunltgr»  Imparti 
to,  tho  othoi*  aa  nndiio  ihare  of  nolitioal  Influeno*.  Thl,i  Is 
aiiyarodly  a  highr  oribi'o  and  mls«onieanoiir»  doservlng  of  tl^e 
Most  .Bointod  reprobatioa  of  good  BMn  of  all  parties.^ 

I|  nai  roferooea  to  the  repreieatatlon  la  the  senates  of 
tb«ladltldaai  ttatesw 

As  thto  book  may  IhU  Into  the  bahds  of  persona  unaoqualdt- 
ed  with  our  systems  of  govemmentf  it  mav  not  be  |m|ironer 
to  state*  th^t  onr  legislatmvs  aro  generally  eomposed  of  a 
oeiiato  and  house  of  representatives*  or  dewBates*  To  the 
latter  braneh  eaeh  eonnty  in  the  state  to  wmoH  U  befdngi* 
sends  one  or  more  representatives.  In  fourteen  of  the  ItatCH* 
the  representation  Is  in  proportion  to/  the  popi^atioh.  But 
in  Delaware,  Marirland,  Virginia*  and  North  Carolina*  it  is 
regulated  merely  by  counties*  no  regard  being  paid  to  tho 
population. 

The  senates,  in  almost  every  ease*  aro  eomposed  of  mem- 
bers  ohosen  by  distriets*  formed  of  two  or  more  eoonti<|s» 
which  dliitriets  eleet  a  aumber  of  seaators  in  proportion  to 
their  population,  exeept  in  the  four  states  spe&ifled. 

The  above  arrangement  and  the  hs'ljuitmcnt  of  these  dii* 
tricts  opens  a  door  to  a  eonsiderable  de^^ree  of  intri|;ue  and 
management*  and  invites  to  ohicane  and  fraud-^in  one  woid* 
to  the  polltioal  sin*  which  I  have  styled  Gerry^manderumi. 

The  iiv|u8tiec  lies  in  so  arranging  the  oounlles,  in  the  for* 
mation  of  districts*  as  to  produce  the  effect  stated  in  the 
second  paragraph. 


I  '*?> 


ty^Wi^inm. 


Td  Metinplhh  thii  «ltMir  pQr|MMf  t  eMBtki  tre  fre- 
quently fuAitd  to  fbrm  i  i^iiftCDrial  (ibcriet*  whUh  Imve  no 
t«rrlt«rlal  toaMstoo*  btkif  MpiiMt»4  fron  «mIi  tilMr  17 
an  litti'fvtinff  eoonly,  MMtoChnM  hj  two  or  «liN«»  Of  tbfe 
helnoHi  polUlMl  tin*  iMtk  ftdornfiete  m4  doMoonlit,  »•  I 
have  •ttiOf  nnte  been  fruUtT*  ' 

The  ilnte  of  MMMohMotte  wm  depleted*  t#o  oT'  threo 
Venn  ilawrt'ni  n  tort  ofumiittroai  lime,  wlththo  eountlet 
}bfmlrt|(^VIi^  Montorinl  dlitHifet**  dliplnyed  on  thie  nnpHklol* 
pletl  ptafi.  It  WKi  onlled  m-Berrynuinierf^  in  nllutlon  to  tho 
nnmi)  tff  tUr  Ibte  f  iM.pl^MMl  oT  til»  iJtIled  imUM,  lliM 
cbvenior  of  tint  ttnte.  H^IMtt  f  dtorftto  tlie  fMw  OWwwaii. 
i^lM:  l\i  tlii^t«  WHd  |iiio  (be  titl«»f  tHrf^fium^tnit 
mlyfait  not  annptly  b6  mM— >«  liivi  iff  gku»t  tklWif  m 
it^nui.**-    .'^   ■■  •  •  ■ 

^  To  ennble  the  reader  (0  form  n  eorn^et  Ide*  df  the  et« 
treroe  nttd  flagrant  injuttloto  that  may  be  perpetmfed  In  this 
mode,  Hrllboui  any  apparMit  rlolntlon  of  law  or  ooaatllatlon, 
I  will  explain  bow  tlie  mlbority  may  be  enabled  to  rnle  the 
midoritjr.  «o  far  ai  reapotti  the  lenatorial  braneb  of  tho 
logiilatare. 

1  tiippoM  a  eaee. ,  Six  eountloi,  eaeh  eontalnlng  1,000  fO- 
ter«t  are  to  be  formed  into  three  lenatorial  diftrieti,  eaeh  Co 
eleet  four  aenatori.  Tlieie  dlitrleti  may  be  to  eoBtrivedy 
that  the  party  predominant  in  the  legislature  at  tbe  time  of 
arranging  them,  whether  federal  or  dembeTatie,  with  S*SiO 
toterv,  eball  have  eight  lettators  |  and  the  other,  with  5*680, 
•h^ll  have  only  fbnr,  and*  neTertheleii,  every  elector  of  the 
whole  6*000  ihall  exereise  the  rieht  of  tutfrage* 

Ton  may  well  be  amaiscldj  reader.  Bnt  It  is'io.  Sueh  ii 
the  poTttieal  Juggle  and  hoea*  pooni*  that  our  publie  men, 
of  both  pairties,  too  fre^ently  play,  to  acquire  or  to  per- 
petuate an  undue  ibare  of  power.  '  ^• 

,  I  now  stale  the  number  of  voters  of  each  of  the  six  coun- 
ties, to  Wbieb  I  give  the  fbllowing  names ; 

'  ^'itWt  fedenlisti,  who  !^-ve  tXira.^  b^eit  rtiy  uAroH  In  ptUtieal  iehriiietkrtgt, 
eiM^in^lvtl,  fey  the  n««  dt  thU  n^itie,  ^  cut  tb*  odium  csebMiwIy  on  their 
aatli||ofaMi^  iviftbeytlMMMheawera  imnsouM*  oo  thU  •(1^001.  The 
idea  tt  ilnioHndk         ,       .  , 

.  T^JDoitoa  folks  are.  si^id  to  be  full  of  nolioiu  They  have  been  pretty 
notionij  oW  the  aubjeci  of  the  Bn|;lini  lahgiia^,  which  they  have  amplified, 
I  iriU  nbt  i%[itQre  to  tay  khpfoved,  fiAth  mugr  tech  queer  words. 


a.<i 


'I  s 


THE  OLIVE  BIUNCU. 


CdVtiMM. 

|r«|craN0lf. 

Itomouraf^. 

J««kMii» 

lao 

8S0    . 

KvH, 

480 

ffO 

<;hAmj»Ulii. 

SiO 

MO 

AM>onougli» 

6«0 

8S0 

l^'^ry, 

UO 

•60 

Ptort«r» 

750 

tdO 

sasto 


8680 


1  wijHit  dive  t^ltd  Ui«  pnrUei  htg-iniiani  or  MNlf*ai<I(- 

Thfl  IIMB0  li  of  riolmportMM. 
Now  Air  a  dlioliiy  of  poliiiwl  logerdomain— in*  ohlor  to 
oa»ble  iko  ninonty  to  rulo  the  mi^orlt^  t 

JHf  IHet  JWk  1— /ormetf  iff  Erie  and  PoHir  CounHti* 

lateral.  DcmooMtlo. 

Erioi  S80  rao 

Porter,  780  SBO 


1080 


970 


liisiriet  J\n».  t— formed  (ff  Champlain  and  M*Danottgh* 

Ve<l«nil.  Domoeratid. 

Champlain,  840  680 

'       M»Donough»  680  8X0 


10«0 


080 


JDia^riet  JW.  8-^fbi*fJied  ofJaekBon  and  Perry, 

Federal.  Deiopcrattc. 

Jaokson,  ISO  880 

Flurry,  IffO  850 


270 


i780 


Thna,  at  T  have  stated,  a  minority  of  S,8S0  inhabltantt, 
have  twioeas  many  eenaton  as  the  minority  of  3,680— their 
eandidatev  having  been  sneeessftil  in  the  two  first  distriets. 
In  the  first  district,  the  denooratle  minority  is  070-*in  the 
second  980,  which  are  wholly  lost.  And  the  majority  in  the 
third  district  is  1730,  whereas  1010  would  have  eqnally  se- 
cured the  election.  It  therefore  follows,  that  by  this  ar- 
rangement, there  are  970,  980,  and  620  democratic  votes 
absolutely  thrown  away. 

This  is  an  extreme  case.  Injustiee,  carried  to  such  a 
fiagraiit  extent,  does  not  often  occur.    The  instanoes,  how- 


IJ 


APPENDIX. 


407 


«v«ri  •r  thii  klnd«  bnt  of  mi  liiftirlor  ddgree,  nre  b^iio  hmmm 
unfrequent.  It  tlienee  happeiM*  tbftt »  wn%t»  is  tometlmM 
dcnoorttle,  while  the  ho«ie  ofreiireMiitfttltei*  te  the  Mine 
•tftte*  It  deoidedly  ftderal  |  And  vim  «#»•#«. 

'Hail  polltleal  Arithmeile«  like  evenr  other  eolettee*  hat  i(« 
ftNftnft.  The  grand  nnd  unerring  nile  ii,  to  uwke  your  own 
ininorltlei  tnd  miO'M'l^t****  •mnll»  end  thoM  of  yonr  ndver- 
Mrlei  ne  Inrgot  af>  poiiiblei  In  other  wordi*  to  tlirow  nwny 
M  fow  votei  on  your  own  iMe*  nnd  «i  oMnjr  on  the  otherf  «• 
In  your  power. 

'Fhli  mittdulenC  prnetiee  ndmltf  but  of  one>eflbetanl  rem- 
edy. Senntorlnl  dbtrleti  ought  to  be  formed  of  oonntlee 
nnd  Mrti  of  eountleit  quite  eontiguooe  to  eneh  other,  lo  thnt 
nil  tnoie  who  vote  for  eneh  eenntor  ihnll  lie  reiidenti  of  the 
tame  neighbourhood.  <> 


There  It  Another  political  iVAud.  of  whieh  both  partiet 
have  been  oooatlonally  guilty*  and  which  deiervoi  t^e  teve- 
reit  reprobation.  It  hat  reijpect  to  the  obolee  of  memhert 
of  the  houio  of  rep'^eientativet  of  the  United  Btatetf  and 
eleotort^of  the  preudent  and  vloe<pretldent« 

For  theie  veiy  Important  opemtloni*  there  It  not*  al* 
though  reaion  and  Juttlce  loudly  call  for  It*  a  fixed  and  per- 
manent rule.  The  legitlnturet  of  ine  Individual  ttatet  have 
the  power  of  deoldiog  upon  the  mode*  and*  at  It  reipeett  the 
repreientativei*  upon  the  time  of  the  election*  Hence* 
flagrant  injuitiee  It  frequently  perpetrated. 

Theie  efeotlont  are  tometimet  by  diitrioti*  In  the  tame 
manner  at  the  ttate  lenatort  are  eleelcd  j  at  othert*  by  a 
general  ticket. 

The  latt  mode  it  extremely  unfair  and  incorrect.  It  de- 
privet  the  minority  altogether  of  any  thare  In  the  rcpre- 
tentation. 

A  ihort  ttatement  will  fully  evince  the  extreme  injuttice 
and  inequality  of  a  general  ticket  for  membert  of  eongrett* 
or  electort  of  pretlflent. 

Mattachuiettt  it  entitled  to  membert  of  the  houtel  ^a 
of  repreaentativet  of  the  United  Stalet*  j  ^ 

New-York^  -  •  -  -  27 

Pennaylvania*  *  ■»  •  -        23 

Virginia*  -  -  -  -  i2S 


-,<».! 


w 


n 


;¥ 


tfa 


THE  OUVE  MUNCH. 


8ii|ip«Meitli«r  •rthe  jpirtiMrfHIeval  or  dtnoeniiie,  !• 
bave  ft  very  toiall  nwjority  in  Meli  of  these  statettMiy  two- 
tiiOHiMd  imtei— snppofe*  idsOt  tlie  whole  nvpifief  df  voteg 
So  the  four  stAtes  to  he  S00«000.  The  result  will  he,  that  if 
Jdie  eleettomi  he  hy  general  tiehcts,  li^fOOO  yotert  will  se- 
euro  the  entire  representation*  whieh  is  more  than  half  the 
whole  numher  of  members  of  eongress— and  that  the  re- 
maining 146«000  have  no  representative.  This  iden  might 
be  pursued  to  a  great  extent*  But  I  leave  it  to  the  pen  or 
pencil  of  the  reader. 

Insfanees  hftve  flrequently  oofsurred  in  the  different  states, 
of  the  mode  of  eleoUon  being  ehanged  on  the  spur  of  the 
oeeasion»  to  sidt  the  momentary  purposes  of  party  or  fte- 
tion.  Tlie  most  reoent  case  that  has  oceurreo*  was  in  the 
state  of  New- Jersey  in  1812.  From  the  organisntion-  of  Uie 

Senerai  goi^emment  till  the  year  1800*  the  members  of  the 
ouse  of  representatives  of  the  United  States*  had  been 
elected  in  that  state  by  distriets.  In  that  year,  the  federal- 
ists had  a  majority  in  the  legislature,  and  oaleolated  jdid  a 
mi^joritV  of  votes  in  ihe  yihole  state.  In  order  therefore  to 
engross*  the  whole  representation  to  themselves,  on  the  eve 
of  the  eleetion,  they  repealed  the  district  law,  and  passed 
an  aet  for  electing  the  representatives  by  a  generftl  ticket. 
Contrary  to  their  calculationsr  the  democratic  ticiket  pre- 
vailed then  and  in  every  subsequeht  eleetion  till  the  year 
1812.  In  the  latter  year,  the  federalists  having  a  tempo- 
rary ascendency  in  the  state  legislature,  one  of  their  first 
acts  was  to  repeal  the  general  election  law,  which  th^y  had 
themselves  enaeteil,  and  to  restore  the  eleetion  by  distrietsu 
vrhich  they  had  formerly  repetUed.  And  by  Gerrymander* 
ing  the  state  to  suit  their  views,  they  gained  four  out  (tf  the 
six  representatives ;  whereas  by  a  general  ticket  they  would 
not  have  obtained  one. 

Another  reprehensible  procedure,  emanating  fk'om  the 
same  laxity  of  principle,  respeets  elections  by  our  legisla- 
tive bodies.  M'hen  the  politics  of  the  two  branches  of  a 
legislatui'e  are  different,  there  is  frequently  a  struggle  a- 
boot  the  mode  of  election— whether  by  a  joint,  or  a  concur- 
rent, vote.  The  senate,  being  the  less  numerous  body,  are, 
in  the  case  of  a  joint  vole,  merged  and  lost  in  the  greater 
number  of  the  house  of  representatives.  They  arc,  there- 
fore, strenuous  supporter^  of  a  coneurrent  vole,  in  which 
tlicir  influence  is  equal  to  that  of  the  co-ordinate  branch. 
The  other  house,  confiding  in  its  numbers,  is  equally  zeul- 
ous  for  a  joint  vote,  wherein  it  will  have  the  ascendency. 
Ihe  stale  of  Pennsylvania  ^as,  many  years  since,  fur  a  con- 
siderable time  unrepresented  in  the  senate  of  tite  United 


iNvtot*  ii  ooniequeMe  of  m  •ti«ml«>pr  Ait  kiadk^Milhcf 
party  being  diiposed  to  doneede  the  point  to  the  tthep. 

It  It  (totf^rfuid  diBideratttiii  to  havo  Ml  Iheio.pointt.  olcsr^ 
«Ml^xpiieitiljr  deaood  bf  the,oonitit»tiowi.^Tliei»  thtaM 
fre  M  little  temptatioQ  to^ffwid^  mmI  m  UttU  mIIw^  in  tht 
poipetnaoB  of  U»  an  poMlblo.  k  <rt 


,; 


CHAPTER  LXXI. 

Stat«  of  repretentation  in  JUanachusetta.     Wrttehed  lyt* 
.  Um  of  reprMcntatioti  in  Jlfat^Iand  and  Tii^nio.    JKottm 

,^4T  Diay  not  be  improper  liere  to  inlrodiiee  an  amdogoaf 
lu^feet,  rofpecting  the  reprefl«ntatio||in  the  state  of  S|atii%» 
obuaetts.  The  men  who  framed  the  eonititwtion  of  thai 
state,  were  probablj  as  highly  eaUglitened  and  respeotalile^ 
as  any  equal  number  of  men  ever  oonvened  for  suoh  i  pupr 
pose.  But  they,  nevertheless,  eommitted  some  very  egre- 
gious eriiors*  whieh  are  really  astonisMag.  The  mo«i  00% 
0piei|OQ»  waa*  negleetiag  preeisely  tofiKtlie  nunbiMrof  r^r 
presentatives  in  the  more  numerous  branoll  of  the  legitMk? 
tore*  The  eonsequenee  is«  that  the  numbers  have  tluotua- 
fed  in  the  most  extraor^nary  aUd  inoredible  degr?o*  Thera 
have  been.  I  believe*  as  maay  as  70(1— at  othor  Uqies»  no$ 
half  the  number.  And  the  town  of  Boston  has  had  a  small 
army  of  representatives,  no  less  than  forty-four— 4)e|ng  a 
greater  number  than  the  whole  senate  and  house  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  state  of  Delaware— than  the  entiro  senate 
of  South  Carolina,  or  Pennsylvania— and  than  the  as>em- 
bly  of  New  Jersey. 

This  defect  in  their  representative  svstem  arises  fronai  a 
§M9  in  the  constitution,  respecting  the  choice  of  members  of 
the  house  of  representatives — instead  of  tlie  imperative, 
they  shall  elect,  the  phraise  is,  they  may  elect. 

"  ^<Tery  corporate  town  containing  one  hundred  and  fifty  rateable  polity 
may  elect  one  representative  >-evety  corporate  town,  containinff  three  hun- 
dred and' seventy-five  rateable  polls,  may  elect  two  representatives  :r-every 
corporate  town  containing  six  hiindred  rateable  polk,  may  elect  three  repre* 
scntatives  i—and  proceeding  in  that  manner,  making  two  hundred  and  twen- 
ty-five  rateable  polls  the  mean  increasing  number  for  every  additional  repre* 
sentative.** 

"Every  town  has  heretofore  paid  (and  I  believe  still  pays) 
its  own  rspresentatives:  and  from  a  sordid,  miserable, 
hucksterin)!;,  and  contemptible  spirit  of  economy,  some  of 
them  send  no  representatives—others,  regardless  of  expense* 
send  full  as  many  as  they  are  entitled  to— and  some»  it  it 


K 


if' 


W 


m 


^ 


*^.fl 


tHE,mX^m  BEANCH. 


pti^iiaitltt  whet  party  ipirtt  ruoi  Ugh*  mb4  move  tittta 
their^pMl*. 

v;^l*efl«^U«*t  I««iBot  «oneelir» how  B«iton MM  been- 
tilM  ti»>  44  re|ir«iMiUU¥M.  Tlw  eity  of  PlillttdeJphim 
witli.m  p«p«latioii  of  57,000  ittkiAlMuiti,  hat  -Mver  polled 
more  thui  Oi^OOO  Yotei.  The  r%ht .  <rf  laffniM  hore  !•  at 
latitndiBariMi  ai  any  where ;  mneh  mwt  than  in  Matiaeha- 
tetti*  where  a  eitiaea  muit  be  worth  OOL  to  qualify  Urn  to 
vote.  Aeoordhig  to  the  MaMaehusettt  priaoiple*  we  ■hoold 
be  entitled  only  to  abooi^r.  Boston  has  but  SS^OOO  Inhab- 
itantSf  and  yet  has  had  44  representatlf  es. 


Bepresetttiition»  which  is  the  Icey-stone  of  free  govern- 
intot,  is  irHulged  tery  ineftn^tly  in  several  other  states* 
The  6erT)^moNllerpriaoi|iley  is,  atos  !  too  preTi|lent.  The 
Inst  ef  power  Indueespiirties  to  hold  tenaciously  whatever 
political  advantages  they  possess^  however  tti\|ust  their  ope- 
ratiiMi. 

This  subject  would  almost  require  a  volnme.  Bnt  I  an 
afraid  ^he  reader  is  tired  of  my  scribling— and,  to  foe  can- 
did, lam  tired  myself.  I  pant  for  a  dose.  IshallbAely 
glance  at  a  few  enormous  traits  of  injustice. 

Eaeh  of  the  counties  of  Maryland  has  four  repr<eenita- 
fives  in  the  house  of  delegates.  There  is,  neveriheless^'a 
most  enormous  diffcrenoe  in  the  population.  e<  >  i 

JnhalritanU.  BtpramtMh 
Frederick  county    "                34,477  4 

Anne' Arundel  20,668  % 

Ballimore  29,265  4 

Hartford  21,3^8  .  *; 

Baltimore  city  46,555  2   P 


158,213 


18 ;.  i 


These  fuur  counties,  and  the  city  of  Baltimore,  have  6nly 
iS  representatives. 

Counties,  Inhafritants, 

Allegany  6,90tt 

Qalvert  8,005 

Caroline  9,453 

Kent  11,450 

St.Mary'«  ,     I2,7fl4 


Beprewniatioef. 
4 

4 

4 
4 

,    4.  • 


48,011 


20 


.i.A 


AtnifDioi, 


Jam 
M,61l  i^rtons  lii  oii«  Mrt  of  t|ie  itaCf,  |mTe  4jf  Jff^  fi^< 


more  intuepee  thaii  liiBtfIS  fn'  Aliotliet.    If 
OffyfttanMraifprky  vkat  it  ? 

Kwt  eointy,  in  Dehiinirei  hai  bo^  toMS  Inhfttiitaiiit--* 
SttiMz  S7|75o»  But  eMh  dDeti  an  equal  number  of  fopre-^ 
seaUiiTotawli^natorf.  \.^  ^    /. 

Tiie  sanie  wretehed  and  ui^utt  lyitem  preyailt  |^lrii«in-: 
ia.  Eaeli eonuty hattwo  fepreicntatlirei.  And  tl}<)i^,Tt a 
more  onoiiMut  disproportion  in  tlie  popii1at|on»  ano  more 
ilasraiitii^nitiee,tlianinMaf;yland.  ^  ^ 

I  annex  a  yiew  of  the  populalion  of  sixteen  eonntiei* 
wliieli  liavetUrtv.two  repnseatatiTef  In  tl\e  hopife  qf,  ddle«^^ 
gatet^    Eight  of  them,  it  will  be  seen,  l^avi^  i^^iOOO  |nJ|jfA^ 
itanle»  and  the  other  eic^t  pnly  S7,000.    Ihus  a)i^,m^n  Hi 
the  drst  list  liate  no  more  inflHenoe  in  the  makipg  of  ^Wf»v 
than  one  ih  ^e  seeond !  t   ,;       ^^^ 

CaroUne  IT,***  a     ''l 

liipolUngham  90,dft»  3       "t 

;ilbematle  18^S68  s 

Fauquier  SS,«M  « 

iMerlo  iti2,B7A  s 

Halifax  SM8i               '      s      "^ 

Louden  St,8S8  3      ^ 

18,41.53  2 


163,058 


10 


-■:►* 


Warwiek 

Flonnuma 

mddiesex 

*  Fairifk 

*  HaMMl 

«  TaaeweU 

*  Bi^qol^e  . 
«  Giles 


InhaUtuntS' 

Mepreaeatat^pi,, 

1,835 

% 

4,77^ 

»       . 

4,414 

■■•■'?'■■ 

4,693 

,."»,, 

.1,W* 

'  .. .  «  r  . 

3,007 

,           :«K       ,- 

2,717 

,     f->irt^'»#Ss -*:■*?■:; 

3,745 

* 

87,179 

Same  subjeot  once  more,  in  a  still  more  striking^p^lntof 
view. 


•  Uew  coontiM- 


■{^Miikt    if'^fti     -^lAHi:. 


Al 


THE  (fintfi  MANCH. 


RMiduier 
IPMdvite 


X 


45.SdS 


.«>»*•*:,»■"(, 


If 't 


hBBb  t 


S»8«6 


Thwi*  «l«¥en  lnhibittilCi  Of  the  former  oouo/Jei  h«te  nM  Mi 
macih  ivok^t  ii.  c^e  in  the  Battler : 

Lbt  ita  Yirtlrfi^hiii,  afVer  thii  it^temefit,  <tiire  tO  tei^^HH 
the  rotten  borOilj^hi  of  EnglMd.  Thil  fctltte  of  represeht^. 
tion  U  in  ibe  true  ipirit  oi  that  borough  lyitem. 

When  we  take  tuiijf  into  consideration  the  vonth  of  this 
country— the  era  at  which  the  Amerioan  constitutions  were 
formen— the  general  ditfiiition  of  political  knowledge— the 
illumination  oi>  and  advantages  possesved  by,  the  oonven- 
tions  that  framed  these  ))onstilutions ;  and  when  we' likewise 
reflect  on  the  borough  system  in  £ngland,  and  the  natpral 
tendency  of  all  poiitioal  institutions  towards  eorrinption, 
unless  mtquent  reeurrenoe  is  had  to  first  principl^s^|.  tun 
really  inclined  to  think,  that  palliations  may  mor^  ,re||i4|1y 
be  found  for  the  boroui^i  system  in  Kngland,  wretched  and 
oorrupt  as  it  is,  than  for  the  county  representation  in  Tirr 
ginia  and  Maryland*  .        .,  _,  *  . 

The  knavish  trivks,  which  I  have  glanced  at  in  this  chap- 
ter, ^ahhot  be  too  highly  deii^sed,  whether  perpetrated  by 
federalists  or  democrats.  It  is  to  be  regretted,  ifaat  theVe 
is  nooourt  of  justice*  tojpunish  such  poiitioal  fraods,  how 
heinous  soever  they  may  be.  A  man  shall  be  senteii^d  for 
years  to  saw  marble,  for  the  depredation  on  the  iiropeiiy  of 
bis  neighlMur,  to  the  aihoUnt  of  a  few  dollars.  But  alai|;e 
portion  of  a  state  may  be  virtually  disfranchised  byits  rep- 
resentatives, witliout  a  possibility  of  redi'essy  and  the  culp- 
rits wholly  escape  pimishment.  I^^j^ 

Tothe  calm  and  dtipvssionate  consideration  of  tlie  public, 
these  views  are  respectfully  tubmitted.  That  enoruioua 
evils  exist,  and  loudly  call  for  a  remedy,  cannot  be  doubted  or 
denied.  That  those  whose  political  influence  rests  on  the 
basis  of  these  evils,  will  submit  to  have  them  redres88e''^  I 
ibudly  hope  and  pray—* but^  reasoning  from  the  general 


APPENDIX. 


MS 


A0IIPM  of  kvoMnatiiirt,  I  am  not  tory  Mngalne  oa  tlie  lub- 
liMt.  For  in  .the  whole  history  of  nianklnd,iVoni  the  oor- 
lioft  rooordi  to  thf  preiont  timet  there  are  hardljp  angrin* 
•taneei  to  be  fbundt  of  that  gloriout  iptrit  of  Jfaulee  ind 
«elf-denhil»  that  indueet  nationt  or  puMIe  bodies  volmtarlly 
to  renounce  any  important  adrantagei  they  may  poeeesi* 
how4|ver  iiivfiitll/  they  may  have  been  aoquired—>or  however 
oplireiHlve  or  ihlqultoui  their  operation.  And  he  mnit  be  a 
fool  or  a  madman,  who.  after  reteeting  on  tlie  pages  of  the 
**  abBlraet  aiid  brief  dfcroftlele"*  of  our  times*  is  very  san- 
guine In  the  expectation  that  we  shall  prove  ourselves  wiser 
or  better  than  our  aneestors— or  that  we  shall  avail  our* 
selves  more  of  the  light  of  history*  to  guide  our  paths, 
than  (he  nations  that  nave  preceded  us.  Evenr  sti4(e  of 
our  progress*  frauipht  with  foUty  and  error»  fbrbias  the  flal> 
terlhg  anticipation. 


CHAPTER  LXXI. 


4  wondtiful  eontratt,  <<L0|  everf  mml  he  tii^eet  io  tfte 
higher  jpewM**."— Aev.  Dr.  Jdoreem-Mev,  Jh;  PaHf fc-« 
X09.  Br,  Oigood,  IwooeaHon  to  vtar»  Governor  6<lmafi. 

Oi  the  seditious  and  treasonable  opposition  to  the  go- 
#rrtmOnt.  that  lately  prevailed  in  the  eastern  states*  I  have 
giveik  ot>plous  speeimens  In  chapters  M  and  B6» 

It  Is  difllottit  to  decide  which  is  greater,  the  disgraeo  of 
the  goveriment  in  its  pusillanimotts  and  feeble  submission 
to  suoh  lawless  outrages,  or  that  of  the  parties  who  perpe- 
trated  them.  Never  befbre  did  soeh  treanonable  conduct 
experience  the  same  impunity.  And  never  again,  I  hope* 
will  the  same  exiieriment  be  made  of  the  imbeeilitv  of  the 
IfOvemment  of  the  Uniied  States,  be  it  in  whose  hands  it 
m&y,  whether  demooratio  or  federal.  The  result,  it  is  trne» 
has  not  been  unfkvoorable.  The  tornado  has  spent  its  fury 
wit*iotit  destroying  the  mi^esde  ediflce  of  our  government, 
which  it  threateneid  with  perdition— «nd  without  provohinc 
civil  war.  But  the  guik  of  those  who  raised  the  storm,  and 
the  guilt  of  those  who  shamefully  nof^eeted  the  necessary 
measures  to  ward  olf  its  terrific  consequences,  is  precisely 
the  same  as  if  it  hud  produced  those  awful  results,  from 
which  the  finger  of  heaven  alone  saved  this  favwed  nation. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  contrast  with  thoM  horrible  viola- 
tions of  law  and  propriety,  the  maxims  and  conduct,of  the 
federal  leaders  and  their  advocates  when  they  held  tho 

c  » 


THE  Q|4V£,  lUUNCU. 


treini  Mr||:ttvoi'iiinent.  li  wilt  afford  «n  iwtflr4UM  eMmpk 
ol'ibe  f«QUUy'¥fUli  vrhlch  o«r  Tli«v*  of  i>k({e«ti  Md  our  md- 
ilMMoCi  «tiii  bo  moulded  lo  mil  the  Diir|H>Mi  of  the  moment. 

AmU  to  eommenee»  1  beg  the  reader  wlU  oarefuUj  peruse 
the  setUiion  Uw*  pusiied  Auno  1708i  of  whioh  he  will  find 
the  principul  features  in  chapter  t. 

By  tliis  law,  <*if  any  pereoni  should  eombiiie  or  oonipire 
to^etber^  fo  onpo$e  any  mtature  pr  meoiwea  of  the  govern' 
mnt  of  the  United  States,  whieh  eboutd  be  direeted  l|y  the 
proper  authority « they  Q^ahouH  5e  euttjeiit  to  afne  not  ex- 
eeedingfive  thoueand  da((arj— and  (j!J*  lo  imfrieonimnt,  npl 
le»»  than  $ix  monthet  nor  ntore  thaiiflve  yeare,** 

Reader*  ponder  well  on  these  few  lines.  And  ^Oeot  what 
would  havebeeome  of  theCbittendenstthe  Utises,  the  Piiok- 
erings,  the  lUahes,  the  "Vfcbsterst  the  Kings,  the  Russels^ 
cum  miUlia  aUi»$  had  this  law  been  carried  into  operation 
against  them.  There  is  not  a  man  of  them  that  would  not 
have  taken  hit  abode  in  a  prison,  and  paid  a  fine  of  perhaps 
five  thousand  dollars.  There  are  some  of  them,  wno,  had 
this  law  remained  in  existonue»  would  have  incurred  its 
penalties  a  thousand  times.  ^         **  .,'. 

In' the  month  of  Ootober^  1808,  a  rumoiir  prevailed,  ihat 
Bonaparte  had  declared  war  against  thi»  oonntrr.  The 
federal  papers  then  threatened  **  the  ]Nirlli»an«  of  France*' 
with  the  vengeance  of  the  law-— aye,  and  with  vengeance 
beyond  the  law,  if  they  dared  to  make  the  least  opposition 
to'the  government,  or  display  their  regards  for  France,  even 
in  convertiaiion.  They  were  ordered  •*  to  lower  thdr  ion^*-^ 
or  threatened  with  being  **9ent  to  thdr  master,**  Of  the 
style  of  these  denunciations  and  threats,  I  annex  a  fair  and 
full  specimen,  from  the  Gazette  of  the  United  States,  Oc- 
tober ^^2, 18U8.  : 

'  *'  Iftlie  news  this  day  received,  of  an  actual  declaration  ofwarbjr  Bonaparte;, 
should  prove  true,  the  traitor^ua  erdnariet  iff  Mipelmn,  who  every  ■where 
abottftd  t»  the  country,  will  find  it  neceoaury  to  lover  their  tone.  What  can  be 
tAlerated  in  time  ttf  peace,  or}>THE  PEOPLE  WILL  NOT  BJBAR  IN 
TIME  OF  WAR.  The  advocates  of  Pwindi  despotism  (iytmiHieithergo  to 
their  maater^  «r  Qiy'  ^  f»ore  cauHoua  im  their  langvoife.  It  is  true  that  France 
has,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  been  nuiking  war  upon  U9  these  twelve  months. 
But  as  it  has  nrt  been  declared  in  form,  and  as  our  government  have  not 
thought  pnifKi  to  make  any  opposition,  the  papers  or  Napoleon,  and  his 
agents  of  every  description,  have  hitherto  been  suffered  to  carry  on  their 
intrigues,  and  to  promote  the  cause  of  tlieir  master  by  every  means  which 
they  diosc  to  adopt.    WE  MUST  NOW  CORRECT  THE  PROGEUURE." 

One  other  newspaper  specimen^  from  the  Baltimore  Fedie- 
riil  (jiazotte,  July  d,  1798-— 

.  *''  1  believe,  that  sntr?  of  the  old  French  leaven  still  remains  amongst  us,  and 
that  kuniu  vik  Hiia  Uc^unerate  wretches,  whom  I  cull  French  partixana,  or 
^mericutijacobina,  will  not  join  any  military  assttciation,  or  patriotic  loan,  but 


APPENDIX. 


4A»' 


diMouMn  tliem  m  fiv  m  thcjr  dare  i  theae  men  thoald  be  eucftdl^  wat<Ih. 
■Bi  wid  u  they  •<  (Id  oftfui^  attempt  to  form  aay  mUiiaty  wrpt  (and  Uwy 
will  \m  known  b>  wie  clwractor  of  their  ofBcera  aiita  privgtva)  notice  ahouUI 
be  given  to  our  rederal  and  atate  oovsbiimbmti,  toprtvent  etmmiuUHt  t»*U' 

Tliii  ii»  I  preiume*  enough  of  tliti  deierintlon. 
,  I  now  proceed  to  detail  the  leotirtioiiti  of  three  blercjihejif 
who  baye  rendered  theintelvei  eoni|>leuouB  by  thiNrrnn- 
ooi^oui  hostility  to  the  ftdaiinittr«tiont  of  Mr.  JeiTerton. 
and  Mr*  MidlNon— the  Rer.  Jedidlah  Morse,  the  Rev.  Da- 
vid Oi;good,  and  the  Rev.  Elijah  Parish.  I  have  no  reeenC 
sermon  of  Dr.  Morse's :  But  of  the  anti-chrlstlan  spirit  that 
predominates  in  the  late  sermons  of  the  two  latter  geutle- 
nien*  I  haveghron  abiindant  proofs  and  specimens  In  th^„ 
fitfth  chapter  of  this  work.  Let  usexamlne  what  were  their 
sehtltheiits  when  the  administration  was  In  the  hahdi'of 
their  own  lArty.  Never  was  there  a  stroncer  contrast.^  ^* 
Add  first,  of  Dr.  Parish.  This  reverend  gentleman  de- 
livered an  fliddress,  on  the  4Ch  of  July,  1790,  whioh  fireathes 
in  every  pace  tljie  most  devoted  submission  to  rulers, 
the  mbstaeeided  support  of  tfieir  measures,  and  the  most 
,  virulent  fulmlnations  against  the  oppbsers  of  the  goyern- 
maht.  Its  splint  may  be  readily  coneeived  from  the  fi^low- 
ing  short  ppeoimen :—  '    .  ^ 

/*  tt  !■  a  tithe  of  day'  that  re(|uiret  cautious  jealousy.  Not  ieatousy  of  your 
magliiratea,  (Cyfir  ytU  hoM  given  them  your  eonfidftuef  but  ef  these  vht 
•blMftr  thel^  aJmMitration.  To  be  jealoua  of  youir  rulers  irould  be,  as  if  • 
perssa  weie  to  dtooae  a  bride  IVom  all  the  beauties  of  the  world,  and  then 
mstantj^  witlM>^  cause  be  jealous  of  her  alone..  {[j'Yovr  puslic  cifAB  ac> 
Tsut'Ahk  YOOR  own  cHoics.  Watch  thos«  uiigratefUl  souls,  who  «n»r< 
mmr  abMt  taxathn  and  ofipreiiim,  the  burdens  of  government  and  religion. 
(CJ*  Thgjf  iave/elbuMp  vdth  otir  eMMiK*— <Ae^  are  irailore  to  Gdil  and  eAn'»« 
tianttjf.  Be  jealous  of  thoie  who  declaim  aguinst  alien  and  sedition  laws  ( 
thev  probably  have  a  hankering  fi>r  lying  and  rebelUon  tliemwlvcs^  In  a  word* 
let  honest  men,  let  the  firiends  of  God  and  humanity,  spurn  from  ineir  em- 
brace  everv  man  wito  trifles  with  his  father's  religion,  the  hope  and  salvation 
of  the  world,  ixyvho  alarms  weah  mtndi  with  the  deiigna  0/ government  i  v»ho 
discourage*  the  most  formidable  means  of  defence.  Jt  vat  the  tword  which 
giive  ctut-^ge  ie  declare  independence.  Such  is  the  present'  state  of  huinan 
nature,  that  Q^  nothing  but  the  tward  can  defend  our  imlependence.  Never, 
never  while  tbeiv  is  u  crimson  drop  in  your  hearts  will  you  suffer  an  urmetl 

toe  to  breaUie  your  native  air. Cl'RSBIl  BB  HE  THAI'  KEEPETII 

BACK  HIS  SWORD  FROM  BLOOD;  LkW  HIM  THAT  HATH  NONE, 
SELL  HIS  COAT  AND  BUY  ONE.    THE  CONTEST  IS  DESIUABLE.*' 

t  How  shall  we  account  for  or  reconcile  this  ravenous  thirst 
for  blood— -this  invocation  of  the  si^crd — this  elat>orate  de*> 
fence  of  the  constituted  authorities,  with  the  pacific  spirit, 
the  denunciations  of  war,  and  tlic  maligutinl  abuse  of  ilie  ad- 
mintstration  which  are  to  be  found  in  chapter  36?'  There 
is  oi^ly  one  conceivalile  reason — and  that  is,  when  blootl  was 
calluufbr,  it  was  French  bloud — French  hloud-^Freut^h 
bluod  that  was  lu  flow. 


ill  > 


li 


I  ill  il 


m 


THE  QUfmwmAscu* 


Kest  I  ethiUt  |lM  Rev.  Dr.  Oigood.  A  eonvmlion  if 
•iMgregatieiiikl  minltten  Agreed  to  mn  tiMren  to  Preiident 
4<l«mt*  in  Majt  I79tt  vhleb  wm  Mgned  hj  that  gentlenum 
•mong  others.    lannezaehortestraet:— • 

-  We  renwmbtr  hto  [Ohnit^l  eomawd  to  fergifie  and  l<nr«  our  mott  in< 
jorious  cneniM.  But  neither  the  law  of  Ghrietiinity  nor  of  reason  require* 
iM  (C^la  AfMlrale  tm  natimal  MiptndntM,J^ikm,  pr^pt^tji  <Muf  hmntr  of 
«iW>Wl  rfpmtdt  kmHabf*  •^rttnrt.  Suiui  a  ptoetratlon  w«Mild  be  (mum 
4|fiMMl  SmtMiUif^YM  gave  ua  our  inMtimabk:  privilefet,  civil  end  relirioui, 
aaa  aacreddcpoatt,to6iB4(/Sni4M«iitf(rafMM<i«rrf«opMlerA|r.  It  would  be 
ehminal  unfiUUifulneu  and  treaeheiy  to  our  country,  our  children,  and  the 
whole  huaian  raoe. 

.<*  The  intimate  eoonesion  between  our  eivll  and  ehrbtian  bleiBing s  is  alone 
•ufloient  to  juiUiy  the  ^tT^eidtdpart  which  the  elergg  ^^imtrica  hoot  mii- 
/krmlg  tmktm  dC^in  tu^arttng  th»  nmUtuttd  amhmitkt  amip»$tieal  inientU 
fjTlMr  CMNtfty.**  ■^,,^_ 

•  Next  follows  the  Hot.  Jedidifth  Morse,  whose  eloquenee 
and  sound  reasoning  **  ia  olden  Hwte,**  eaoaot  fail  to  exeito 
the  approbation  of  the  reader.  Tlie  fliUowing  extraots  are 
from  a  sermoii  delivered  by  this  reverend  gentlemao»  May 
9,17l»8. 

*',Ottr  newepapen  teem  with  slander  and  personal  bivcetive  and  abuse 
Our  rulers,  grown  grev,  many  of  them,  in  the  service  of  their  country  i  who, 
in  the  Tarious  dignifiea  and  responsible  oiBccs  th^y  have  fllled,  have  discbsN 
ged  their  duties  witli  great  ability  and  incorruptible  integrity,  are  yet  stig* 
massed  continually,  u  unfriendly  to  the  rights  and  Ubertiea  of  thb  people, 
and  to  the  true  interests  of  their  country.  Our  government  itself,  the  most 
perfect,  the  best  administered,  the  least  burdensome,  a^  mosthappyfying  to 
the  pe«^,  of  any  on  earth,  is  yet  steadily  opposed  in  all  its  important  mea* 
suras  I  and  regular  and  continual  efforts  are  mitde  to  <*^stop  its  wheels. 

**  At  ettixttu  we  Mtfht  wAA  m#  hear$  t»  eteav*  l«,  tind  tuppurtt  9ur  own 
giiwmmtni.  A  it  a  gtvtrwmeM  tfmtr  amtt  firmtng,  and  admthitttred  ey  men 
o/tiur  nSn  ch»ie«  /  mid  theriffere  ebdmt  ««r  eti^dmee  and  tupptrt.  We  ought 
ti'irepelt  vitK  indignation^  every  tt^ggealien  andilandereui  inaimialion,  cuUtUo' 
ted  to  veaken  ajuit  cet\fidence  in  the  rectitude  of  the  intentietu  ^our  conititU' 
tei  autheritiet.  ^  tuck  ^tinuattoni,  at  thit  critical  period,  proceed  from  an 
it^Jhietue  hettHe  t»  our  peace/  and,  if  permitted  to  have  their  intended  eject, 
mtuf  aecompUah  thepurboiet  of  our  enemiea,  in  our  divition,  and  the  overthrow  of 
aw  gevemment.  While,;  on  the  one  hand,  we  would  avoid  passive  61)cdience 
and  non>resistance,  let  us  not  vibrate  into  the  other  extreme,  and  beliieve  it  a 
duty  to  be  jealous  and  suspicious  of  every  thing  which  is  done  by  our  rulers, 
MSs  thought  them  honest  men,  and  frienaa  to  their  country,  when  we  elected 
tliem  into  office;  and  what  have  they  since  done  to  forfeit  our  good  opinion} 
Let  tiieir  measures  be  examined  with  candour,  and  we  shall  assuredly  say, 
they  deterve  well  of  their  eottatry.  In  this  moment  of  our  political  danger,  let 
u»  DO  impressed  with  this  truth— that— >**  United  we  stai.<l— divided  we  Ml." 
Tlie  increasing  union,  among  us,  and  the  revival  and  eXt>re8si(>n  of  the  true  ' 
American  spint,  are  tokens  tor  good,  and  augiur  well  in  re^-ard  to  our  political 
interests. 

"  To  the  unfriendly  diipoiition  and  conduct  of  a  foreign  power,  we  may  as- 
cribe the  unhappy  divisions  that  have  existed  among  us,  which  have  so  great* 
ly  disturbed  our  peace,  and  threatened  the  overtlimw  of  our  government. 
Their  maxim,  to  which  tlieyhave  strictly  and  steadily  adhered,  Itas  been, 
"  Divide  and  govern."  Their  too  great  influence  among  us  lias  been  exerted 
vigorously,  and  in  conformity  to  a  deep-laid  plan,  in  cherishin^f  puriy  spirit, 
io  viliQ^g  the  men  we  have,  oy  our  tree  suffrages,  elected  to  adminiiiter  oiir 


'( yAtrnxaaL  /ii^t 


ysay, 

ep,  let 

felir 

true 

litical 


oMMtitatiMii  mihum  iht»  ttOmmmnd  t»  iirtwy  «ki  9mUtm9  •#  th» 

pfoplc  in  tha  oonttitiitad  MiUwtltiM»  and  iMi»  ttmm  Aon  t|»  fonHMMnt  ; 
**  Tha  pkMt  kiiif  Heiekiph  hath  Mt  M  an  muibIi^  «hm  piMid  to  A  liak* 
laraitiutlon.  wall  worthy  our  piaaentlaiutkm  I  He  took  tka  OMMaM  ba  had 
Kocivad  flrom  tha  kiav  of  AiijrrU,  and  •ptaiul  it  halbra  tiie  Lord,  and  fnym 
— <kt  01  unite  in  due  partuiBnt  prayer)--'*  O  Lm4  CM  of  kmeW  whim 
dwelleet  between  the  ehenibinuh— than  art  the  Qod,  tfan  that  .alone,  of  all 
tlie  kiiMrdonu  of  the  earth— ttmi  haat  nuda  heaven  andlkrth— Lonl,  bow 
down  thiae  ear  and  hear— open.  Lord,  thine  ejree 'and  aae  I  ana  hear  the  wAdn 
of  Nnnaeberib,  which  hathaant  him  to  reprooeh  the  liiinc  God.  Of  a  trwdk 
Lord,  tha  ktnp  of  Aiijrria  have  deitnved  the  nationa  and  their  heide,  aai 
have  caat  their  goda  into  Um  irei  ibr  thejr  were  no  goda,  but  the  work  of 
nen'a  hands,  wood  and  atone,  therefore  they  hava  destroyed  than  ItoWg 
therefore,  O  Lord  our  God,  I  hcseech  thee,  aafo  thou  ua  out  of  Ue  hand,  that 
all  the  kinjrdoma  of  the  earth  may  know  that  thou  art  the  Lord  God,  ef«p 
thon  only"    The  effectual  forwent  prayer  of  this  good  nuui  availed Bueh." 

Acomparisonof  theie  dootrinet  with  the  doeCrioet  and 
prMtioe  of  theie  rvTerend  gnitleineii  i»  ISlt,  IstS,  Mid 
1814,  «i  eihlbited  eh$p.  f 6,  mnit  vxelti)  the  moit  pnhiAil 
senaationt  in  the  jniDd  of  every  mftn  who  feels  fbr  the  hon- 
o«rof  Ml  tpeeiet*  It  is  impouible  fbr  the  hnniMi  nhid  to 
oooeeiye  of  a  iD9re  itrikiog  oontrMt— a  more  deploroUe  ia» 
itonee  of  inffttuation  aad  4H»liiiioa— or  a  more  awfiil  noaio- 
rial  of  and  meaMiito  Maiael  haaao  weakaetf . 

From  the  puloit.  I  <Mieend  to  the  e|vU  walk-^-and  ^feieot 
you  with  the  <^»ion  of  Governor  GUnan  in  1798.  io  an  ad*. 
drett  to  the  le^alature,  and  the  eeho  fW>m  both  houaet. 

Fttm  O^eemer  Oilmaift  S^eh  t»  the  L$jft$lttluf»  ^MwKmp$kk%, 
*'  Parfeetion  in  human  aflaira  ia  not  to  ba  expected :  to  aatisiy  every  eitiam 
is  next  to  impossible  i  but  if  our  system  of  national  government  is  mneralljr 
good ;  if  it  IS  ttte  i  if  we  have  the  choice  as  frequently  a*  we  wish,  ofperaona 
to  atalnlater  it;  if  one  of  the  fbndamental  and  irreversible  principles  in  n 
republican  ffovcmment,  is  that  q;^  a  mqfvrUg  tkaltgntm,  u  it  not  propar  i»! 
give  Qp^  a  jirM  tupptrt  f  tkt  lawt  atid  admiaUtratitu  e/*  nidi  a  gpvtrfimnif, 
and  for  every  citisen  duly  to  consider  how  far  ([y  eumour  and  tMtiMm 
thiretti  hat  incited  «r  froeured,  or  tiu^  invite  trfrteuret  it^wrietJremaK^. 
ftretgnnatitnT* 

Extract  /rem  the  tmemer  ^  the  Senate  te  Gevernsr  OtfuNMi**  addreee  to  the. 

Legietature. 

"  Convinced- that  oar  national  government  ia  formed  on  the  surest  basis  of 
liberty  (  that  tbe  Q^rnqferitg  eught  te  nife,  that  we  have  an  opportuiu^  aa 
often  as  we  can  rationally  wish,  to  change  ai^  ekct  our  rulers,  we  view  it  aa 
the  paHadium  of  our  rights,  and  entitled  to  our  firmest  aupport. 

"  Although  jealouyy  is  a  lively  trait  in  a  p<ditical  character,  yet  when  ve^ 
scrupulously  exercised  towards  the  administrators  of  government,  Q^it  wtog 
tend  to  leeten  the  eot^Sdence  0/ a  people  intheirrulere— and  O^vevtem  with 
regret  and  indignation  the  faction  that  clamvurefor  the  deetructim  of  ettr  peam 
and  government,  and  conceive  itt  onlv  teurce  to  be  the  dreg*  of  eueeeirivejkreign 
anarcl^t  operating  «n  the  weak  and  vieieiu.'*  , 

Extract  from  the  antvier  of  the  Houtg. 
"  As  the  constitution  of  the  government  was  framed  by  the  wisest  and  best 
men,  was  adopted  after  a  candid  discussion,  and  upon  mature  deliberation, 
without  violence-or  tumult,  it  belongs  tn  us  to  repote  proper  eonjtdetieein  the 
^eer»  of  our  own  choice,  and  willingfy  afford  effective  aid  to  that  goveminent 
winch  we  have  instituted  for  the  common  good ;  tlie  beneficial  effects  of  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States  Lave  been  generally  folt,  and  acknowledged 


m  THE  OUV«  mUNCH. 

M  te  A»  iwrtw  tkM  ITM  at  flnt  •nwMd.    A  ipMi  of  iiMiturf  iiitu  Um 

CUmIIMm  of  0  govomniHU  «nd  tho  mode  of  it*  administration  poruin*  tu  a 
m  poopk  I  Itet  C^  wAm  lAal  i;^Ml  Ammnm  M«m^«nii«,  and  iu  daaljpia  ara 
(C^«a  fli'WMM  api^aiMMt  Q^  fa  dtaMr  ami  «m*m  lA«  jrnwnwMiM,  (Cril  Mty 
MiAalNM  /krtifn  ptwtf  H  ^nvoWb  mn*  Hgklt,  omf  mifcirrtMt  f At  m«atMr«i  im. 
tMMHW  M  aAMii  rt*<«M— whoKvar  auob  a  roatlaaat  unoaiy  tempor  appqurt* 
WO  wUl  land  oor  flrmatt  aid  to  diaoounge  and  oorreet  H.'* 

I  might  extild  tho  tumeot  ferjr  fWr.  Bnt  I  trait  t  have 
^  HUKk  out  my  oone*'*  oompletebrt  and  that  it  would  be  ex- 
treme Rupererogalloa  to  enter  into  anj  further  detiil.* 


CUAFrER  LXXU. 

TUm  Vjf  the  pro»perHy  of  the  United  Stales*  during  the  oa- 
rioHt  admmi«trat<onf.  JHUgMy  errors  imvaUmt  on  l/iif 
tofrfe* 

A  VBKT  larce  pArtion  of  onr  oltliens  have  imbtbipdm 
deep  and  rooted! mprasiion*  that  from  the  period  wh<^n  the 
adminiftration  of  tke  general  Mvemmrnt  waa  withdrawn 
from  the  hands  of  the  federalisti,  and  plaeed  in  thowe  of 
<fhefar  poHtioal  opponents*  the  prosperll  j  of  the  nation  began 
rapidly  to  decay.  They  believe  that  daring  the  prealdeney 
of  General  Washington  and  of  Mr.  Adams,  partieularly  the 
former,  onr  politieai  and  oummereial  sun  had  aseended  to 
Hi  meridian  height ;  that  even  previous  to  the  embargo  and 
restriotive  system  generally,  it  had  deseended  towards  tho 
horixon;  that  those  measures  sunk  it  far  below,  whence  it 
is  never  to  rise,  till  the  powers  of  the  general  government, 
legislative  and  eseeutive.  are  restored  to  the  **  genuine  sons 
<2f  NTatfJkfMton*'— nurtured  in  his  bosom-- formed  in  his 
sehool-— imbued  with  his  maximo — and  determined  to  tread 
in  his  footsteps,  and  to  follow  his  illustrious  example. 

The  universal  prevalonoe  of  these  opinions  among  th» 
ftdM>nlists  of  this  oountry,  will  hardly  be  controverted.  I 
^enfct  whether  there  is  a  man  among  them*  from  those  of 
the  highest  gprade  of  intelleet  down  to  those  of  the  opposite 
extreme,  who  does  not  regard  it  as  impertinence  and  pre- 
sumption to  eall  them  In  question.  And  the  prevalenee  of 
this  impresskin  is  not  wonderful.  The  assertions  have  been 
so  often  repeated,  with  so  much  oontidenee.  and  in  so  many 
shapes  and  forms,  that  it  was  not  in  buuinn  nature  for  the 
federalists  to  withhold  assent.    It  is  a  well  known  property 

*  Some  of  the  extracts  in  this  chapter  and  in  the  56th,  are  taken  from  an 
excellent  little  pamphlet,  publish  Jil  in  New  Hampshire,  and  entitled,  "An 
address  to  tiie  clergy  of  Ncw-En)jfland,  on  titeir  opposition  to  the  riUcrs  of 
the  United  States.     Hy  a  Layuian«" 


ff  oMtoikM  to  ImhI  mi  4my  •NnC  «•  Umm  ^i^jiikm  ttat 
ftiUMP  ovp  ytoAty,  oAr  Iimmim  !•  our  pridn,  tMd  lo  pr*- 
■Mle  •»  tatertttot  or  (o  ipcHy  oir  •abitlMi. 

Tbo  provaloMO  of  thoM  opIiloM  hot  pvidiiMa  mOtl  d»> 
ktorloMi  ooiMofuoiMoi.  It  bM  oabkloffod  JbDow-^Maiiui 
•g»i«it  oMh  other  wHb  t|o  mmt  Tllnlont  ftslnotit/*  YIm 
IM«naiit%  poTMMod  tMl  their  uMigooMt  hove  taipiiM 
the  honour,  ond  hoMloMtt  ond  oroiitoritjorooreoiiiiioo 
eoiuitrjy  hove  remfdod  l^mm  with  Motinrnti  of  roneour, 
end  hatred*  and  dligoit.  And  If  their  vlewt  of  the  eon 
were  eorreet*  their  oppooeoti  would  be  At  olijeelt  ofthoio 
hoitUe  feolhifi.  It  would  be  huidobte  to  ttrolo  Aery  rierve 
to  eipel  ftw»  power  moo  whose  whole  eouno  hod  'MOf ed 
tiMm  Mn^otlh^  of  It*  HRm  oogry  psttlooo  raghig  m|  one 
tide*  enkindle  their  likoneH  in  the  breaiti  of  their  oppo* 
Boatif  who  are  deepjly  ofatperated  at  the  if^uttleo  th^j  oe- 
lioTo  theniielvet  to  nave  experleneed  from  their  adfoniaHef* 
Tliif  ii  perfeetly  natural.  And  tinof  whieh  in  idl  oOmmon 
oatei  poiMiiee  the  praeerty  of  dlminlihiBK  thefttee  Of  pai- 
•ion*  it  nnfortttipatoljlleprived  of  tbli  talulary  bowor»  by 
the  seal  and  aetivity  of  thoie  who  find  an  Interett  in  foment- 
ing publie  ditoord.  And  that  there  are  many  of  our  elil- 
zens  of  this  deaeriptlpn,  posieised  of  ppreat  talents,  great 
iadttitry,  and  great  iajPiBence,  eannot  be  denied. 

If  Um  aUegatloni  ajpilnit  the  demooratie  adminiitnuiont 
wore  true,  I  should  niost  heartily  and  cordially  pray  for  a 
of  our  rttleri,  I  am  not  in  love  with  ruin  or  dli- 
And  Aur  from  being  willing  to  laerlfioe  the  honour, 
or  happiaeM,  or  intere|t  of  a  great  natloo  for  the  advantage 
of  a  president,  viee-prerfdent,  and  a  few  seeretaries,  ko,ke, 
tliere  are  no  ten  tbousiind  men  of  either  party  whom  I  would 
for  a  seoond  put  into  ^e  stale  against  a  fourth  part,  not  to 
say  the  entire  nation. 

I  believe  that  sueh  are  the  sentiments  of  the  demoerats 
generiJly.  I  am  eonvlneed  that  if  they  could  be  persuaded 
that  Mr.  JeArson  or  ^r.  Madison  had  saorlfleed  the  inter- 
ests or,  the  honour  of  their  country,  th£v  would  unhesitur 
tingly  prefer  Rufus  King,  Timothy  Pickering,  GeOrge 
Cabot,  or  Oe  Witt  Clinton.  Perish  the  man,  whoever  he  be, 
who  would  offer  up  the  liappiness  of  miltions  (o  promote  tbo^ 
intevestsor  theviewsof  afew.  ^"s 

This  suhfeet  well  deserves  the  most  serious  eonsiife^foo.  ^ 
It  Will  aomly  repay  the  time  bestowed  on  it  by  the  wrilf^r'ahd 
his  readim.    If  the  opinions,  wliieh  I  htive  stated,  bO  cor- 
rect, they  ouf^ht  to  be  as  generally  proitinlgated  as  po^Mlblift^ 

*  cS  ♦ 


m 


.1 .;  ^1' 


^m 


TH£  mimt^imAxcB, 


ml«a««  An  winai  «f  Ui^m  wh*  diileH«y»  Owm.  If  tiwy 
be  •rr^MOtti,  tfte  teMwr  mAI  ii«r«  •onpljBtely  tkea^  «n  de- 
teet«d,  tMl  eiposed,  and  <*«OBtlgned  to  ttie  totii]|i  of  the 
eM«ltfi*t  H^  ietter.  AnA  1  f nitt  Ih^re  itM  oprMit,  eiui- 
^idTllArtUafl^  that  iilOdd  witlithe  eletalleii  er  tlieMi- 
MM  drvliit  Mi^  t^M  pvomotod  or  perfUKiiMled  Ify ihe 
)^re!fal«iief  of  errer*  Mt  wtald  eefra  to  be  ^wflHed  Co  pow- 
trbgrrlh»'«aKiaie#ed^ii«e^i»i'of  delodoB. 

Wi  oltoplor  I  remrd-ta  Ihomost  Utoportni  JA!tliO:3eok» 
WtMMiii  Miivoitt  Ooiiteiite; 

'f|M<  l^f  eriteik*  IrMreliQr  to  deeide  anoB  tile  decay  or 
^raifinlii^of  natioQf r  mji^^^^^)^  to  •&  boaii. 

i.  jj^oiiieiae  iodMti^/ilod^Pi^ 
onfJinHMl^ei.  ■.•'/»,,'fic  ■ '  ■■■  . 

.  f;.^J?bi|Ndatioii>--whetWer  ttatimiiryy  iiifref»inj|^  or  de- 


^v  Forttea  ooflnmevQe. 
iif :  Ineiwe  or  deer^ase  of  reTeirae.  ; 
6.  IN9eli6rKOOrae(6ttiiiii]alioQofdelrtf.; 
rjCNaTica^B. 
€ sbali  wghtlj toueK oneaobof  these. 


..■  *• 


Seot.  I.    MmiutUe  tudfiftry  and  ifHpra(te$ii^t»» 


Tk%:Mtpf^1^  the  mo^t  $fO|)brfOnt*  iil^  eth6t«- 

oiQg  t^  fkr  jIio  nl^tett^um  of  humaD  habpiiiess»  doei  not 
afftntl  those  nanied  and  deeiMve  doeodients  or  data,  thvd 
th^  eustomboai^ail^  other  ^ublie  oAees  furnish  for  the  re- 
maining five.  f1^  progress  of  national  tn^tt»ti;^i!ieds1t8 
benedeent  indueneo^^around,  without  glare  or  ostontatioo. 
Hamlets  become  nllbees— villa^  become  towns—towns 
beOomo  citbs— ciiies  ^uble  their  population  almost  unob- 
served* Imre  are  few  or  no  documents  to  estabtiib  tie 
fiieis.  They  are  yet  On  due  investigation  (angi|]|)e  and 
striklndy  visible.  Nevertheless,  fiwm  the  extreme  scarci- 
ty of  wkta  or  doeuiOentst  I  wal  almost  wholly  discouraged 
froin  entering  on  the  suliject,  and  iitspOsed  tO  ajiperi  to  the 
reader's  pOrsonal  observations  for  the  rapid  advances  of 
doniestie  imlustry,  and  the  general  improvement  of  the 
country.  But  I  nave  judged  it  better  to  avail  mvsOlf  of  the 
fewllmve«whiehare  gleaned  IVom  BlM^Vi  EeonOmica, 
thaii  pass  the  snl^et  over  in  silence.  They  are  prineipally 
estimatfiji,  and  cannot  therefore  be  supposed  to  be  entirely 
correct  But  they  are  sOfflcient  to  answer  the  pqp^ses  of 
opmpai^ili  whit}]^  i#  all.the  oi^ectl  have  in  view. 


,f,    4L99vme!^^mi 


f^ 


1801 
\  1805  . 

8.  Meildowsiuid^iUowgFOttiids—  1797 

1801 

;  o;^'     '.  »80«  ' 

^.  Toti4  imt^d  Uadtr^  1 797 

•  ..  ,j  ■      '  1801 

180S 

^  ,.  .,  .  '■    *80r 

4I  '^aiue  of  cultivated  landit  J     ^  1 80 1 

1805 

1797 

.        1801 

Hi' 1805 

.1807 

.;':;., '1797; 

■.'•'". ■•nflf  IWOl , 

'    wo$ 

'        vl8p7 


^v, 


^i* 


I     per  acrei 

(  ■  ■ 

f^lKonet^ 


%.  Horbed  Cattle— 

'■:  ■■htpm  I 

7.  ToUBridge»-. 


1797 
1801 
1804 
I867 


•  <  J 


t: 


«.;  Turopikes  and  Canalii— 1797 

^  1801 

1805 

-  1807 

1%.  Insurance  Companies—  1797 

.  1801 

1804 

;  '  1807 

10.  Banka^  1797 

1801 

"  1805 

1807 

1 1.  Baiik  notea  in  circuUMoD*-       1797 

1801 
1804 
1807 

13.  MetaUic  medtai»^  1797 

.1801 

,       .  1804 

.  1806 

1807 

D  8 


»s 

30 
48 

is 
33 

48 
83 

9 
33 

40 


35 
31 
39 
86 


9,600/XX> 
iOiifOdjOdO 
11|40^^ 

9,500,000 

9,900,000 

l|Q|,35Q,|00O 

35,600,000 
37,400,000 
39,400,000 
S9,990|000 

g5.60 

6.35 

990,009 
1^070^00 
1,300^000 
1,^00,^ 

2^30^000 
3,506j000        , 
8,950/>pO  ;4'j 
3,300,000 

Cipiui  Stock. 

%  1,100,000 
1,860,060 
S,000y000 

%  8,300^000 

3>05(Hooa 

4,9CO»000 

S  3,300,000 
6,000,000 
10,000,000 
17,000,000  . 

%  19,300,000 
33,40^,000 
39,500,000 
50,000,000 

S  10,000,000 

11,000,000 

^      14,000^)00 

18,000/)00 

%  16,000,000 
17,000,000 
17,5004000 
18,500,000 
80,008^000 


I 


! 
li 


i 


THE  M^iMNCH. 


13.  Oi^W^^Buryr- 


tftr 


Ui  Custom  house  bondflMta 


1  <.*  I 


15.  Vahitttiohofrealandtier^? 


a^^ 


179/    .  V     #MMMr 

1801  .     3,S95,39| 

1803  4^34,821 

1806  4i8aa»io» 

1807        .       ,    9,643»84S 

1797  ft  10.405,091 

1801  tiitS74a7 

1803  13,317,449 

1806  19,553,890 

1797         l^|*iyp,5«p,qpo 

1801  3,430,500,000 

1804  3,50StQpO,000 

1807  3,5lMPfM^J^ 

Of  1^  ^ibove  itemt/  tii  ist»  8d,  9d,  4ih,  «t^,  «tii»  lltb, 
ISth;  iMIiStKi,  are.  ail^liave  «tate4»  merely  eitlmates. 
Froih  ifiiib  iiimt<ire  of  fhe  ^ipe,  thej  eoulfl  net  be  otherwise. 
Qut  d^  iiM  tolerable  tfkta  hr  ealeol«ti««i  ttd  MMimri> 
•ons'^lliio  idVaneemeit  '4f  the  prosperity  of  the  oountiy. 
TheMtfrUbnui,  this  t<ll%ridges,  tympiiies  atod  eanals,  in- 
supaftt6i8'^littmpaiiieB,  baikl,  easb  in  treasury,  and  oufctom- 
hOfiMi'belMll^  are  derived  lirom  aetual  doeumenttt jproeared 
by  j^;^6itfied  exeMioni  of «C|m  Author  of il»  mimiifeii. 

^"  Section  IL  '  ^dfiulatton. 

W^  alll^ents  I  Aair  giy^  tp  tl|^  f^  are  jBif^tfid 
firon  thfff  leensus  of  tiMlO,  the  iMlyear  of  the  admiiiiitration 
of  itiiafediaral  paHy,aDd  that  ff40lO»  when  their  jiueoeiisori 
had  held  the  reins  «f  govenwent  for  ten  y^arv*  during 
whieb  the  pernieioH*  efftuts  s^  geneni^iy  tMH^b^^' Jd  ^^ 
syilem  must  have  hfifd  ample  ti^e  to  develope  u^mselyes. 


1800. 

1810. 

tpttiathm  of  Maine, 

151,719 

338,705 

oVennoBt, 

.    154,465 

3»7.e9f 

New  Hampshire, 

,183,858 

314,460 

Masiacbusetts, 

586,060 

473,040 

New  York, 

586,050 

9^9,049 

New  Jersey:, 
PeiMjsylvama, 

■^slJil^**' 

l« 

Virgiwai 

886,149  . 

974,633 

>''>rth  Carolina, 

478,105* 

555,500 

South  Carolina, 

345,591 

415,1.15 

Gepr^ 

163,686 

»53y43S 

Kentucky, 

330,959 

406,511 

rennesscOf 

.   105,603 

361,737 

Ohio, 

45,365 

330,760 

MX1  mmmmi.:m. 


^K^ 


City  of  Phiindslplfia  aiid^ 

Libeitie*,  ,  c''.  |> 

City  of  Bttltiaoftf  3.     *;*  "> 
Tbtpft  of  Boston  aad  rest  > 

of  S«jfolk  oottDtyt      \ 
Newport^ 

ProyidenMj     *      ^      < 
Nantuclcetk^ 
P«ma«iouth,  N.  H. 

Pittsburgh 

Here  sre  itteMtMHrtilite  broofe  of  the  advaneement  of 
^e  VQlted  mim  Inlhe  iMfl  to  liappiness and prospfrity. 
B^6t^  put  of  tlif  Imtftn  whieh  did  not  labour  under  disad- 
VMitagei  Uro^  ttl  e^irded  tki^^uiaaon,  or  its  sterility*  or  the 
migration  of  iii^j^eiks,  mii  made  tiipid  strides  in  this 
glorious  e^ui^.,  |IM  a  tiupemious  increase  in  the  state  of 


60,«£»-..- 

f:«i^;.«T»MWk('..1 

67,811 

88'',987 

26,6  U 

35,583      V 

38,015 

.um^^.m 

6,739 

7,907       ' 

7,614 

10,071 

•  5,617 

6,807 

5,339 

6,934 

4,049 

■.■♦»967.r^ 

>  1,565 

4,768 

tures»eoinni«nBey  and  scienen*  spreading  their  holy  empire 
wliere  a  few  yean  put  the  wild  Bavage  prowled  in  quest  of 

Sutton  m.  JPore^«opi*<re&      .  : 

I  proceed  io  Ui^  diird  ertierion  of  nathMriil  j^^ipMH^ 
Alntd  here  the  dotiUmeiitsaiNb  fbUteomplete,  and  irresistible. 
Hioy*  deservOf  %iA  I  hope  Wttl  receive  the  most  partieular 
attention. 

The  foderal  goTernmept  was  organiieed  and  went  into 
qieraUon  in  1780.  No  tables  of  exports  were  however 
published  for  that  or  the  suereeding  year.  They  began  ill 
1791v  I  am  thereCbrOf  limited  to  six  years .  of  General 
Washington's  admiiristration. 

Let  it  beobservied,  that  fWtm  1791  till  1803  inelusive, 
there  was  no  diseriMinatfbn  in  the  official  Tables  of  ex- 
ports, IjbetWeen  American  productions  and  manufactures^  and 
those  foreign  articles  which  were  re-exported  from  this 
country.  This  renders  the  comparison  less  ccmj^etc,  than 
it  would  otherwise  have  beCn. 

Eacpevtsfrom  the  VniteA  Stateit  dmnesftc  rniA f9^ign» 

President  Washington.  1791       19,012,000 

1792       20,753,000 

— »—      39,765,000 


'!  yi 


1^ 


THE  m^mwmAscB. 


FreillM  W«|IiiiQ8tmi. 


Preiklent  Adunv. 


Freiidcml  leffMrson. 


1793 
1704 
1795 
1797 


96,l09/)00> 
33^94,000 
47,989)000 
67/)d4^0OO 


^ra^kleiit  MMliioti. 


1797 

56,840,00^ 

1798 

61,537/)00 

1799 

7>!l,665,000 

1800 

7O,9ri»O0O 

1801 

b4,l  15,000 

1803 

79,483,000 

1803 

55f800,000 

1804 

77,699/)Qa 

1805 

<  >95»56e,000 

1806 

101,533,000 

18^7 

108,343,OOp 

1808 

33,430,009)^ 

1809 
i3lO 
1811 
1813 
1813 


59,303,000 
66,757,000 
61,376,000 
38,537i000 
37,855^000 


174,188,000 


968,0 1*3,000 


300,097,000 


3^75;^0 


346,7 18)009 


ExporUUion  ijf  UiiMriMti  prtfiueHdfw  Hiiil  manwf oeterifT 


Prttident  Jefferaoo. 


President  Ma^son. 


1803 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 

1809 
1.810 
1811 
1813 
1813 


49,S05/)OO 
41,467,O0d 
43,387,000 
41,353,000 
48,699,000 
9,433/)00 


31,405,000 
43,366,000 
45,394,000 
33,658,000 
95,008,000 


— -     335,444,000 


176,731,000 

'■  .  - 

•iverage  of  Jimerican  export8,foreign  and  domeaiie, 

1 .  Dttrirg  presidency  of  General  Washington,  £35,500,000 

2.  During  that  of  Mr.  Adams, 
S.  For  tlw  whole  of  General  Washingttm's  and  Mr.  > 

Adams's  presidency,  3 

4.  During  Mr.  Jefferson's  first  period,  75,000,000 

5.  During  his  second,  including  a  year  of  embargo,  8 1 ,900,000 

6.  For  his  >vhole  term,  78,450,000 


67,000,000 
51,250,000 


'37,560,006 
35,300/)00 
36,300,000 


M^r  i&nmwL  '>mi 


7.  During  MttMadhon't  fintfiveyeariyincliidkiptt  ^rr:).V«^n(I 
year  and  half  oC  w»r«    -.   n  49,000,000 

8.  Fvtr  Mr.  J«ffenonfa  and  Mr.  Madison'it  indutivef     67,300,000 

i.  Di^fing  aix  yeara  x>f  Mr.  Jeffenon's 

1803011 1808  inclliaive; 
3.  During  five  ^eara  of  Mr.  Ma^iOii> 
3.  For eleydnyeaH from  I'ScTsto  1813, inclusive^ 

Tp  tl|6i  eudkl  rewler*  deairoua  to  form  correet  eaUmatet 
of  tlie  iUlbIra  of  IMtoouotryi  tnd  todireal  hia  ipliid  of  jMr- 
nioiont  errora,  I  yoptiirc(e)aptl«iihr  to  itobiltBettd  ^  eiMfal 
oon«3dei%tloii  of  tiioao  Tiiblef.  Eewill  thort^llo  0<>4titi<' 
eed,  that  till  Fmmoo  ai;^  VngliiiaiMimmeAeetf  tkM^<tfagMee^ 
fill  aind  imparaUeled  oourao  of  raptoo  and  d^vaatatior**  preT- 
ina  OD  tho  miprot»ote4  eonnkorooof^  friendly. po^wer^^^^ho 
United  Statea  made  aa  r»p^  jMrogreaa  In  the  earee^-'of  pvoi*^^ 
perity  and  happfneaa,  froin  the  year  itoi  (ill  iM^V  w^w  ii 
leapeeia  forewta  eoDinier«e,:i[a  nny  nation  in' the  #orld  liu 
efer  don^.  ,,_    ,,,,., 

'  Station  ly."- SeMiBiie.-  \.:\:... 

The  flrarCb  eriterfon  whereby,  to  teat  the  |»rog|reiaiffil||o 
proaperltgr  of  the  United  Statoe,  it  th«  iltnanon  «f  Ita  vltoreo 
nnea.  Detoy  ind  deorepittRlb'  are  IneonmatiU!^  pi«h  their 
ineveaae  or  advanoement.  I  ahall  therefcre  atate  thie)  hel 
an^untof  the  imaoat  of  URiUpilted*^  SiMtea,  firom  trili  to 
x%i%t  inolaalTe*  taken  from  the  oHeinl  PoonmffPt9tJf||p>it< 
ted  to  Gongresfi  li^  JToaeph  Honree,  E«q«  Be|||iter  G^neralf 
ia  jpnnaaaee  of  thflK  order  of  the  bona^of  repreififitativ^af 
Of  the  direct  tasee  I  hmre  not  a  atateinfnt---iNi  they  .are 
uneaaenthtl  in  the  formation  of  a  compariaon :  .\f*i^int^A 
Preaident  Wasliittfton. 


President  Adams. 


President  Jeffersoi 


1791 

6,534,36^'^' 

1793 

4,614,934   ,     > 

— — 11,149,187 

1793 

6,073,513 

1794 

6,683,313 

1795 

7,959,409 

1796 

7,368,130 

38,084,354 

1797 

8,358,111 

1798 

6,192,447 

1799 

9,035,348 

1800 

9,351,346 

•  o  laqy  n«o 

f 

1801 

13,363,702 

1802 

8,327,260 

1803 

11,322,427 

1804 

14,996,965 

■....  48,009,254 

1 


.'ll 
■ii!      ii 


'I'  i'Si 


% 


THE  OMfmiiikNCU. 


Praaident  jmtttim. 


pMaUtDt  lilidiioii. 


.»  h, 


tib9 

1806 
If  OS 
1809 
1811 

isia 


ifjoisvdlr 
74re,985 


,r;*;ii,  r.'T 

.    1     .0 


■lik 


7,1M|^« 

IV58)83| 
r,888,86d 

13,0598,55 


f4,|S64pri 


4d^,k4'4>35 


4  TVi■^iie.iM^Ml(iu^Udie^^  Itii  .V»iv« 

aai|  «T«rw1iepiBiiig--»«iia  Af  itiell  w«aia  iaU|^  iiifli«e  to  let- 
tll^  $l|||,f|if|ilioii.    I  itttyoin  tjbe  reiult : 

I;  Gianni  1y«Uun^n's  ))retidMKq;»ni«  7«»n%  ,  e^seo,O00 
S«tMrvAdani«'»fiiaf  yeann  8,300^009 

5.  CHsoonil  WM^I%toQ's  aod  Mr.  Adann's,  ton  v«»n,  7^300,009 
41.  i|4f!*.^Mt<B)nKin*«  fwtt  period  of  service,  four  yea^s,  l3,o<)o,6od 
¥      .  '  do.  geCoihd  peiritxi,  four  years,  13,650^006 

6.  Mr.  Madiaon*s  first  perb^  lti,^]0,0o6 

7.  Mr.  Jefferson's  and  M»i  MadisAh'i,  t#«l¥i  years.  1 1 ,956,000 
f>^  It  ^tfre  BMdleib  to  »dd  e«liiv«M»i«tlM  molt  iil|ieHI«1al 
ntier  wiMo»>1[ii«trik»44lib  iMWt  pi9»jif4t«e4  ^«ro  not  r^jeet 
«io  itiMig  olril  ii<ire«Mn>lo  ofMoMo  M»rto  ^  liOif  bif»M  tho 
{NibUd.    ''     ■     fx^it'^df-dti^'^l'.  ■■ymfAiii''vy'->  ■  ■■'"■ 


Tb*tii«Miil  iiv^iMMilfe  df  IhV'tiilitigo  bf  a  «MMoeMil 
lM*Mi>tb  Ah  lil#rll|iki  «riM»)thi  Df  the  l^fvgrateliMi  im^ 
tlib  iAVidiMIWbfet  >f  tl» '  l^i^rtt^^  IJ«I  iM  mdmy  et- 
^oirl  Ibt^  l!lre  fiifieitidiit  iiMM  W«  inny  dr*w  fipoiu  thU 
eouree* 

I  lay  befbM  the  veadtor  m  table  of  the  toniiige  «f  the  Uah 
ted  Sutes  ft^Mil  I7t8  ttfUBlS  inelusive. 

President  W4shihgttei. 


1793 
1794 
1795 
1796 


Tons. 
491,789 
638,4 1 5 
747,961 
831,897 


President  Adaini. 


President  JeffeTMl). 


1797 

876,910 

1796 

888,326 

1799 

946,407 

1800 

973,489 

1801 

1,032,216 

1802 

892,102 

1803 

949,171 

1804 

1,042,402 

2,700,062 


3,685,132 


3,915,691 


.•M:>. 


i>  mn 


President  JeflbrMfei^ 


Preiident  Mwitseb. 


1805 
1B06 
1807 
i80f 

1809 
1810 
1811 
1813 


1,308,733 
1,368,S43 
1,343,443 


1,350,178 
1,443,781 
1,414,770 
1,333,503 


4,860,0i;7 


5,440,391 

675,000 

931,000 

798,000 

l,pp7ipoO 


Avenge  teniiff.j«  ^lat:  ibur>eaf4  of  Ocneral  JHhikK 
ington's  preridencyL 
of  Mi'.  Aai^i'^ 
of  Oenehtt'WWihinateA'e  and  Mr.  Adams's 

t8r  wtiii  oCfiMindat;  ^  tf  the  oharee  of  the  ^nvirfP^^^  9Wp 
peiit/  iif'  th»  Uniteu  states*  so  fi|r  jm  reipeetf  MT%ftl*ii, 
iinoe  the  ohange  of  4ii|bl|ri>  liift(JiM(i( 
deii()Hl»l|mnMl«ti<mi-per^ti«t«d  oqvt, 
thaUpBiltfftfthe  naaon  inewim«#7a|fe 
p^Ke^l|^r4^«  lint  peii^4^^ 


ihy 


intif 


^m^ 


i')-"V  '';<4V 


a 


iMl^^gteteof 
D»  engUTe  tiii^ 
'eritei<il^i,  t 

anitjiiiin  a  statement  of  thi  n6ti^iikl1lebt  of  th<)  ^t^tecliltiitef  ^ 

Qp  tlN9 4ff$  f^)r  9||^|ej^^,,lh»m^^ 

;.;  ;,.,i..  :.^,»irai    »7«,463i,f7(j  '  :  , 

mP  T7,?^7,{^4 

4793  80,353,ej^ 

>     .  1^9,*  78,437,404 

1^95  80,747,587 

i7&6  83,763,^3 


Presidejnt  Adams.  ^ 


\  .; 


lV'98 
V799 
IIMM 


83^064,479 
79,338,539 
78H«8,669 
6Sy9«r6,804 


■  'M 


THB  OltfliS  IMirGB. 


pNtidttiit  JMRlMlili  4  \ 


1801 
1803 
UOS 

»  4«04 


80,ri2«68S 
8M9r>IS0 


;^t5!!f^i 


*  ^fl805 

r;il806 

J  ^i80f 

;  !M0» 


7fl,7M,370' 


'K-ji-ji.t. 


.1-;,. 


'ti!ttlli'fM|i1ti  •tojIlitTit  T  ilir'  ij8(|t 

•aeUft  gloriott*  iriew  of  tlie  htiim^'0iMitm'6fkti^mt- 
tod  eonntnr,  olie  iMl^.tlMI  MM^tMiMlreii  vf  Mr.  JMfenmi's 


n 


The  (aielrei 


I.W« 


i;l:)toii«~4llilili«  ui  doHieli- 


ih  distilled  9|iinitft;'  S.  'On  tUfLhed  sugar,  t.  On  lieenaes  to 
raCailers.  4.  JpNi^t^s  ol^  |dkii&iM>le  earriages.  5.  8lanq»s., 
In  some  of  ##;if^t^  i^labtfrlid  pabUeatloast>r.Mr.  Picker- 
ingt  in  whieKjie'iiiMNl  his'aCiiiosC  talenttand  iaflHMieeto 
.dissuade  Us  f<^bv  utiJBenA'lllMn  sabseribii^i;  to  tlie  goTetp- 
ment  loans,  h^  ^IbsjurpiiaoiiM*  As  far  as  I  reeolSeet,  (X  have 
not  the  essayabjjie>is  dethiojeidfroni  the  wiekiedoeH  oCthe 
repeal  of  thesis JiPioi.  .  AB|1  the  Hartford  eooveiitioa,  aiter 
drawing  the  npostalariDing  picture  of  the  hideous  state  ff 
pablie  afikirs,  inannmerating  the  means  wiiereby  a  «  b^gh 
state  of  publlo  prosperity  has  undergone  a,|ni8erable  and 


■m 


m«m^ 


"k 


4  ^ 


'.'J 


aflUcutliH(  revflp»8  throogl^  die  preTalenee  of  %  W«ftk  wtA 
pr^a^gate  pottt j.';'  ezpreMlj  tAMtit,  m  the  IbuH^ 


I  t^all  not  Aitemjpt  to  deeide,  I  te«Te  thU  tuk  to  the 
iBeiiib«rt  of  tl|e  H«rilbrd  eeiiTe«tion>.  iHtb  wnat  propriety 
io  0eeei|il»erf  i<ll*y  thi^  dbtreett  or  difficulty,  or  embarmit^ 
ment,  or  deoa/of  tfie  United  Stateit  eould  be  aieribed  to 
tlie  l«peal,  in  180t»  of  taxes,  some  of  tfieni  niost  odionit 
when  ineli  in  the  interim  hind  been  tlie  oTfrilowing  ttato 
of  the  treasi^ry,  tl|at  the  pubtie  debt  had  bean  rediieed 
58,000,000  dolfnri,  exeliitive  of  the  pnrehaie  of  Louisiana. 
This  is  a  nioii  extraordinary  ^rndos. 
"  I  dare  flatter  myself  with  the  hope  that  I  have  laid  enfl- 
<>KMit  materials  before  the  reader,  tosatisiy  him  that  the 
l^owinr  statements  of  the  extraprlinary  prosperity  of  t)ile 
eonntty  durinjf  the  predominanoe  of  federaUsiii,  find  of  lu 
vttiBJP  aeea^  from  a  ehange  of  rulers,  are  cross  el'rorif 
iitt^i>ly  veid  of  fpundation,  and  pregnant  wUh  as  pemi- 
eious  eonseqnettoes,fks  taiott  that  ha'»^«  rver  prevailed  ia  this 
of  j^Vh«|pt  u  aoiy  other  nation.  The  oountry,  pfevi^us  to 
tlie  tf|Miirktien  of  the  federal  government,  was  in  a  most  proi- 
triteaad  al^eet  state.  Arts,  trades,  and  eommeree  laii- 
fftdihed.  Iii4iistry  had  little  or  no  encouragement.  Ten* 
q|er  laws  and  other  measures,  impolitie  and  m^jnst,  had 
banished  eonfidenee  between  inan  and  mun.  An.uiifkVoura- 
ble  balahee  of  trade  had  exhausted  the  eountnr  oifits  nie^ilie 
medium.  The  nUAM  were  hestile  to  and  jealous  of  each 
^er^    ht  It  werd»  a^kiirs,  for  want  of  a  general  eontrolling 

Eveniment,  had  goue  on  IVom  b^d  to  worse,  till  good  men 
gan  to  donht  whether  in  its  consequis^oes  the  revelAtlta 
would  deserve  to  be  styled  a  blessing. 
'  But  the  establishment  of  our  most  noble  and  most  excel- 
lent form  (^  government,  worked  a  rapid  and  incredible 
change.  Confidence  was  completely  restored.  Arts,  trade 
and  eommeree  revived.  State  jealousy  was  disarmed  of  all 
iti  powers  to  retard  or  destroy  public  prosperity,  tn  a 
Worn,  tite  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  nation  were  fixed 
M  foundations  as  durable,  I  hope,  as  the  rock  of  (Gibraltar. 
But  it  it  equally  and  unov^iiably  true,  that  the  Country 
Was  ineoniparabty  more  prosperous  ^or  seven  entire  years 
of  Mr.  (Jefferson's  administration,  than  during  tN  adminis- 
tration of  his  predecessors.,  This  is  a  truth,  a  itrdn^  truth, 
deny  it  whp  may,  which,  if  I  courted  popularity^  *  should 
not  dare  to  promulgate.  To  many  it  wilt  appear  iktie  short 
of  blasphemy.  But  whati^ver  may  be  its  appearanee,  and  how- 

B  3 


m 


THE  OUTIS  BBANCH. 


ef er  unpopular  It  mvj  Iw*  1  Mve  ftiltj  efUb1lihc4»  tliit  in- 
tini  tlitffee  Hiven  jeurf  >  the  popnfauidn,  the  esportt.  tile  reve- 
■ues,  the  ttemiHey  und  the  domeiUe  llHhntrf  of  th«  Mttom, 
mfide  more  proglten,  th»n  they  had  doundurligtbe  udDtuli- 
truiioo  of  General  Waihiagton ;  and  that  the  de^  whe  re- 
dueed  viUi  unparalleled  rapldltj.  And  It  thardbre  Ineon. 
troveriibly  appeart,  that  the  eoantrv  wafe  mere'proiperbyt 
during  that  peried,  than  under  hit  a«lnibdetrttlon»  attnough 
It  had  then  oeen  highly  urofperont. 

I  triiit  1  entertain  a  due  Mnie  of  the  traaeeendent  mdrttt 
of  Of  n^  Waihlngton.  He  wai  indiiputahly  a  trufar  great 
and  mott  ninitri<^i  eharaeter.    Hit  ^ndnet  during  the 
reyolutlon  hat  earned  him  a  eonipteuout  niohe  anong  the 
■wall  but  glorioui  band  of  heroee  who  laTod  their  eonntry, 
or  who  laerifleed  their  Ihrei  In  the  glorious  itruggle  to  ka?e 
her.    He  nuikt  with  Luonidns  of  fitpartUf  EpaSHnbudM  of 
Thebei,  Cluion  of  Athens,  Alfred  of  B^HJhmi  WaOnoe  of 
ieotliMidf  Henry  Bourbon  of  Frahee*  Bnah  BoInMnb?  *f 
Ireland,  the  Bnt^h 'Prinze  of  Oraage,*  Gustavui  Vasaof 
Sweden^  Andrew  PoHa  of  Genoay  and  others  of  this  de- 
scription* who  hold  the  first  rank  among  the  beneAietorl  of 
the'human  raee.    And  to  those  who  read  the  statements  of 
thewretehed  materfails  with  whieh  h^  had  to  j^rln  bis, ar- 
mies, as  may  bO  seen  jpMpe  890,  MI  his  kerits  Ivill  be  rnpily 
ehhaneed.    Th^  mlserisole  system  pursued  b)r  the  ear^  eou- 
grosses,  of  trusting  the  fkte  of  the  e6|ntry  to  sboirt  enltst- 
inente  and  to  millua,  treUed'bis  dUBcultlf^,  and  trebled  his 
merits  in  strnij^ling  aninst  mid  OTorcomfaig  them. 

Besides  General  Washinalou's  serviees  duHng  the  war* 
he  was  eminently  useful  to  niseountry  afterwards.  I  feel 
persuaded  that  but  fbr  the  influeneepflils  name,  the  IS^deral 
eonventioh  w^^uld  neyer  have  agreed  opon  a  eonstltution. 
Of  this,  it  Is  true,  I  have  noproo^— nor  is  it  fhlly  suseeptl- 
|)le  of  proof.  It  must  eternally  rest  as  mere  opinion.  But 
any  man  who  attentively  reads  liUther  Martin's  statement 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  eonvention,  (the  only  published 
reeord)  and  duly  considers  the  diflleulty  they  experienced 
to  agree  upon  a  form  of  government— and  how  nearly  all 
their  eiBTortseiieaped  being  blasted,  oven  w|th  the  advanta- 
ges of  General  Washington's  influenee  and  exertions^  will 
not  regard  my  (^pinion  as  very  extravagant.  But  I  force  it 
on  no  man.  I  further  believe,  that  even  after  the  constitu- 
tion wasr  promulgated,  the  influenee  of  his  name  and  support 
was  absolutely  necessary  to  ensure  it  success.  It  was  in 
great  jeopardy.    The  minorities  in  severid  of  the  state  oon> 

•  The  deliverer  of  Holland  from  PhUip  n. 


AroSIWPu 


m 


Y«BtiMf  ware  Qtmero^ii,  a^tp*  Md  IhIIimbMbI*  There  wMi 
tlMrefbne^  ej^wildefwblf  Weulgr  i«  ftUl^C  ^  MMlliiMf^ 
of  U|e  mvenmem  ifto  •pen^liM.  Il  wm  h  truly  trdttQiii 
tMk.    But  wjMn  i^f«  itl^e  Teiftl  wm  mriy  wunebedftlie 

"mik  thus  ianaQia  Afei  eoUd  itoek  of  lodbpoUbM  d#lin 
H  W6  gr»Utu4e  of  kit  ejlKlptry^  and  oa  the  esteem  Md  nd- 
nintieii  of  the  great  aaa  ceoa  of  bar  era  mi4  of  all  iMlttiie 
ages,  he  nee^t  not  any  aodUioo  to  his  fiune*  of  w|ilejt  the 
tUle  )•  Aot  as  elear  as  the  aooa-dur  svo.  Aoijl  to  wimp  to 
Ikiib,  ojrliis  oouaeilt  ezfhisiveljr,  the  io«4  of  pfaffoHty  that 
fUMseeeded  the  MtahttshaieBt  of  a  S9lid  form  oTgofersi^at* 
woaitt  be  a  radieal  ervc^r  fgaiosC  the  truth  of  Ustory.  As 
well  might  weasoribetbe  fortUltjr  of  tho  solLfhoiih 
seasons  and  elimate  ore  fhvoaraUe,  to  tjho  V%llafiee  af 
steward  who  superbteoded  tlie'plaatatio%  fw  fufrll^ 
ilienelke^hlt  eflbets  of  onshaf^led  apd,pr^tfeet«d  uiqaistigr>  to 
»resii^tts>  gqTemort,  f»r  JmKh  AH  that  manitindreqiilre> 
in  order  to  no  industcioos  tmf  h^H^>  is^  to  hate  t|«lr  pror 
jMrtT  seeiife.  And  this  Is  tho  aiai|ral  e4^|t  of.  wise  laws, 
,  If  the  nations  of  Enrope,  oppressed  iii|  wastefhl  anfl  «s- 
)l^rmrip||f  koverjpmieiiti-Hkt  war  forOror  ttivj^mmA  of 
^ei^  oeatarj.<-enihed  nd  e^s^y^nod  and  oohljrolfed  in 
ttelr  indnstry  by  inonopsnes>  and  fisatrietls|ns»  and  grinding 
Uies-^f,  I  My,  andor  a[p  theso  and  nnpNrlM  ?:her  dls- 

iSfiW^^  fe»  J!S»iSP«»  »»"•»»•  ">*•  #WMieef  in  uroj. 

the  ease,  would  lit  not  be  lnei^si|f- 
^ .  ^^  we  did  not  run  rapid^  In  the  same  eafi^^ 
fo  aM  not  butftrip  tbeiRi  t^n  far  sin  the  ^^9  hea^y, 
|Vigoroos,,fa]I.blieod^  ra^r  outstrips  ti»  stage  hf»rse,  worn 
JOUt.by  hard seryiee  and  merdHess  usage?        ,  1^ 

A  ship  It,  in  the  toDhnieal  lenie,  waJLjomi  in  every  ros* 
peet»  She  has  a  noble  ore  w.  dbie  ii  on  tbe  open  sea.  Tho 
wiiiids  are  perfectly  (isTOi  rable.  She  runs  ri^iidly  before 
,ihem.  She  niaket  nine»  ten,  or  eleven  nnots  an  bbur.  She 
reaches  her  destined  port  in  perfect  safety.  Would  it  not 
be  igaoranoe  or  folly  t6  aseribe  to  the  skUl  of  the  captain 
the  rapidity  of  her  moYemeQts  or  the  sneeess  of  her  voyage  ? 
It  is  iniily  when  the  sliy  is  pvereast  with  douds  and  darJaness 
rf-when  the  forious  hurrieaQe  hoWls  around  the  shij^wben 
^0  waves,  opening  wide  their  devouring  jaws,  seem  rea^y 
to  swallow  her  up,  that  there  is  a  demand  for  the  energy, 
jtbe  talents,  and  the  fortitude  of  the  master  of  tho  vessel. 

With  due  respect  to  presidents*  and  governors,  and  kings, 
this  is  a  pretty  analoeous  ease  to  theirs.  In  times  of 
iranqaility,  there  is  little  room  for  a  display  of  the  (ilents 
of  an  executive  magistrate.    In  a  woll-ordered  state,  the 


THE  OUVB  BRANCH. 


IftWf  pMT  b0  Mli  to  MMttto  themNlfvt.  Tho  l&m  inim  (^ 
Jvdieit  Jvrbrtt  wUi&rmj  f«Mi«l»»  Murtlialt»  mmUMm^  Im. 
tre  eCcmiallj  oo  Um  altrtf  to  ^ftni  InAvetioB. 

It  BMiy  Md  will  Mon  o  porodox  (I  tkiil  kb  elitfnd  with 
dMlioff  in  pondoxtfXto  MMrt>  m  I  do,  tbot  at  leoit  m 
nook  tilenti  art  Mta»tly  oMoiMry  Ibr  o  loi[l»lttor  ••»  lo 
•Inott  jBverjr  oaie,  for  a  gvftn&r,  iad*  to  ordhMiy  taiei, 
for  •  preiideat. 

U  a  ft^  roproMBtatlto  gorevameat  Uke  onrtf  the  mad, 
coatrolUay,  aad  laperoaiiaent  fiower  it  ia  tha  lefitlatare. 
Tiiey  ordaia*  direot*  eoBiaiaad.  Tti^lr  will*  foirly  expret- 
««d,  eafohwf  obedieaoe  cqaally  from  tho  iro?araor  or  preii> 
dent»ai  iVom  thelowott  meadieaat.  iftke  goforaor  or 
preiid«at,  a*  tlie  oaio  may  bo^  darei  to  violata  their  eom- 
mkadi*  he  U  impeaehalile. 

Iretikra  to  Mr*  Je|ftrMD*e  preiideaey.  «Bttt»"  it  will 
be  told,  «*  die  proiperity  of  the  eoantry  wae  arretted  do< 
ring  the  lait  year  of  hit  eflipilaittratioa."  Thlt  I  do  not, 
I  caanot  uehy.  It  appeafi  folly  evideat  from  all  the  dooo- 
mentt  I  haye  giTen.  Whenee  arote  thit  itagaation  ?  Thii 
it  an  Important  iaquiij. 

The  MiplieatiOB.  in  1805  of  the  rale  of  the  war  of  1750, 
had  made  great  haToe  oa  the  trade,  eommeree,  and  retoar'- 
eet'ofthe  eoaatry.  Bai  they  readily  reeovered  foom  the 
ttiSike.  At  the  elote  of  1807,  the  Freaeh  deeroet  aid  Bri* 
Ulh'oifdert  iyi  eoaaeil  weat  lato  foil  operailon**  And  liiey 
iirere  met  hy  our  emhaigo.  I  hate  alread)^  ttalnd^  and  I 
hitpe  Ithere  it  not  ^  man  of  eaadour  in  Bnrojw  «i^  Amerioa 
that  will  donbt  or  deny,  that  theio  meatnre^  of  Franee  aild 
Enghuid  redaoed  the  tJaited  Statet  tw  the  alterBatlYe>**of 
war  with  one  or  both— or  elte  aa  embargo.  Wo  were  Ute- 
raUy  hanted  oflTthe  oeean. 

Tltat  an  embargo  wat  lest  pernieiont  than  war— aad  that 
it'wat  hi{{hlv  mentoriout  to  try  every  other  meant  prrfious 
to  the  hork>iUe  reeourte  to  armt,  ao  ••  friead  of  peace"  oaa 
deny. 

But  be  thit  at  it  may,  at  the  arrettatioa  of  onr  protoerity 
arote  f^om  the  meatiiret  of  Franee  and  England— and  at  it 
hat  never  been  pretended  that  the  Amerieen  adminittration 
advited  or  encouraged  these  powert  to  adopt  their,  orders 
and  deoreeti  it  oonoTusively  foflowt,  thit  the  outcry  agaiiiit 
the  restrictive  t^stem  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  which  these  mea> 
tures  rendered  indispensable,  is  utterly  unjust  and  qb« 
founded. 

There  is  another  mode  of  deciding  thit  question.  If  the 
government  of  the  United  States  reaily  l>ore  hostility  to 
tpmweroey  it  haA  no  mode  of  displaying  that  hostility  but 


AffiPBUDIX. '-l^^^ 


481 


ean 


the 

y  to 

but 


%j  ilM  eoMtiM  of  Mtl-MiaaMrvM  lawt,  or  ilWB  iVMtl  of 
lft#iAi?4tnnliletO«oniMr«e.  Tbli  tf  lolf-OTidinrt.  EMof;! 
in  this  Hbope*  H  It  oi  f«rlk»otly  powifrl^it  over  fonnorej^  ito  k 
•minell  of  Indbmt  httUi  !■  o  wImMii.  And  If  theit  ^era  '^ 
•ay  anti-eoniinerolol  kwi  0m«tM»  thoy  mmt  Ins  tUII  eitiuiC* 
The  Hoiiite  Mokt  ai^  evory  when  to  be  ftraod.  Awl  I  now 
la  the  Ikee  of  the  United' (Btatee  and  of  Chrlitendota,  ebal- 
longe  any  op|NMHr  of  the  admlnbtratlon  to  pro*'. ;  )  i  ilndlo 
law  enaetea  daring  the  adndalttrallon  of  Mr.  Je9hrioB» 
whieh  ean  by  any  man  of  eltaraev..wbe  awrlbed  to  fcot^lilty 
to  oommeree.  There  {•  not  one.  Nor  wai  apy  liW  AivOMr* 
able  to  eommeroe  repealed.  Let  the  ^  utatnte  boHMti  bo 
oareftilly  examined^  and  the  lain  broug kit  to  the  lerereit 
■oratlny. 

It  would  be  moit  extrata||ani  fblly  i «  aNribr  'he  l|iw  Of 
li06»  prohlbltiag  the  Importation  6reertidii  art  H»  of  Bri- 
tish manulhetttre»  to  the  jhoitillty  of  tbe  ii;r  f^mment  to 
oommeree.  Thli  law  wat  enaeted  in  eonBeiiiienee  of  tho 
murffittr*  and  remonatraaeet  of  the  Oe  lU:;  )relal  men  tiuom* 
tOlves,  in  ordor  to  induee  England  to  eeai»^  her  ui\jnit  and 
iqjuriout  depredations  upon  their  eonimeree. 

We  now  draw  towards  a  elose.  We  have  seeut  I  repeat, 
that  the  popniation,  the  exportif  the  tonnage,  tkto  do^eitle 
iadustry^  atf  d  (be  rerenoe  of  the  nMioil,  made  rapid  pfrogrese 
for  seren  yearsof  Mr.4[eflSBrson'sadii:iinlstration»and  Vkkt 
doriiigtiie  sattiOpeH<M  Its  debts  had  as  rajjkidly  deereaieiU* 
and  It  appears  that  no  law  bostile  to  oommeree  was  enaet<;d 
-Mio  law  IhTonrftble  to  oommeree  repeale<l-^nd  that  one 
prosperity  eontlnued'tlll  It  was  eat  lip  W  the  roots  by  fo- 
reign powers— and  hoWf  then»  egH  a  emidid  Dbderilist  so  fhi^ 
lose  sight  of  JttstleOt  or pr'^riety,  orthe  hofy  rnle»  •*  do  isi 
you  would  be  done  byt"  ar  .^  charge  to  tboi^it  or  preseift 
admlnlstratiota  the  oonseqaenees  of  measures  over  whleh^ 
they  had  no  eontroul  ?  The  federalists  would  eomplain  most 
grievously  If  they  were  made  responsible  for  Mr.  jeflTerson's 
or  Mr.  Madison's  met  sures.  And  where  is  their  Justice  in 
roakia]|^  Mr.  Jeffei'son  or' Mr.  Madison  responsible  for  the 
measures,  or  the  eunse^iuenees  of  the  measures,  of  Mr.  Per- 
eival  or  Napoleon  Bonaparte  ? 

If  I  have  sueeeeded  to  the  extent  of  my  wishes,  nnd  in- 
deed of  my  expeeiations,  to  establish  the  positions  1  have 
laid  down  ih  this  ehapter,  I  cannot  fail  to  have  renderrd  a 
great  and  lasting  service  to  my  fellow-eitlzens  of  both  de- 
scriptions, federalists  and  democrats. 

The  former  1  shall  have  convinced  of  the  unsoundness  of 
their  towering  pretentions  to  an  exclusive  promotion  of  the 
prosperity  of  this  nation^  as  well  as  of  the  extreme  injiistiob 


M 


\  ii-i 


I 

i     ,! 

i  ';. 
t  ri: 


i 


THE  <|MVIfl  mANOH. 


of  Ikf  ilrMf  iiid  damiiliif  Moiiiatlmii  they  liRvt  pr«fbrrfit 

alilttiti  WMi\k9  (kfttUjr  hoitlHty  they  hivt  borna  lif^Mdi, 
ilr  Aill«iw>olUMiiif  who  AM  wnolly  |ttUU«M  of  ih«  orimei 
#  Uid  to  thoir  ohAMo.  Thoio  oro  luiportiBt  triithi»  doMrvlnir 
•f  tholr  moit  Mrioui  oottildertttlon.  tV>  tturiuo  »  oourM  of 
trror*  Mi robr  booauio  U  hM  boftn  ttvfbrtunatoly  oommonood 
WNigh  taiuvortenoe*  li  worse  thon  Ailly.  To  retrtot  error 
Is  iiM||Muiliiio«i.  ThoM  QuBilderoilont  oualit  to  indooo 
thim  to  lower  their  toiie»  Mid  to  regord  their  Drethren  with 
more  lUadneM  and  ohirlty  tliM  they  have  horttolbre  ex- 
towied  to  them*  « 

IImto  Ii  one  point  whieh  oonnot  bo  too  rauoh  or  too  tVo* 
iBtteBtlly  enforeed.  The  AiderolUte  hove  heen  divested  or 
the  powen  of  the  general  governtnfltit  Ibr  thirteen  yeiirn 
and  upward!*  That  entire  period  thty  have  siinnt  In  an  uii- 
eeailng  itruggle  to  regain  the  power  they  hau  lost.  They 
have  spared  neither  paliis  nor  expense.  They  possess  largo 
anmbeni  of  men  of  powerfkil  talents*  which  are  In  constant 
requisition  for  ihe  purpose*  They  have  greatly  the  superi- 
ority of  newspapers  In  perhaps  all  the  seaport  towns*  owing 
to  mereantlle  Inguenoe.'**  Tney  have  struggled  In  peaoe-~ 
they  have  struggled  In  wnr~-they  have  struggled  uniler  the 
pressnra  of  taxes  of  the  most  oppressive  kind— •they  liave 
•truggled  whllo  we  were  eovereo  with  disgrace  and  otor- 
whelmed  by  dlsaste^«-and  they  have  struggled  when  a  halo 
.of  glory  •urroundod  the  nation.  They  have  straggled  under 
overy  posiihle  variety  of  oiroumttanees.  Thoy  have  left  no- 
thing unessayed.  In  this  struggle*  the  country  was  brought 
to  the  Jaws  of  pevdltlon.  In  this  struggle*  they  were  placed 
4b  the  mortifying  aredleament  that  their  views  were  likely 
to  prosper  by  the  defoat  and  disgraoe«<»and  to  be  utterly  dls- 

Sipolated  bv  the  success*  of  their  country.  And  In  this  strug- 
te»  some  of  their  leaders  committed  acts  In  aiding  and  abet- 
ng  the  enenur*  which*  under  any  other  ffovernmentf  or  In 
angr  other  nation,  would  have  feirfeited  tneir  lives.  After 
all  these  struggles  and  efibrts*  they  are  as  for  as  ever  ft*om 
the  attainment  of  the  prixe  which  they  have  for  thirteen 
years  been  devouring  with  their  longing  eyes. 

And  what  has  been  the  result  of  these  efforts  ?  To  engen- 
der a  spirit  of  footlon*  the  direst  scourge  that  ever  cursed  a 
country— to  divide  man  ft>om  man— to  demoralize  the  na- 
tion—to prepare  us  of  late  for  civil  war  and  all  lt»  horrors 
—to  deprive  themselves  of  all  the  influence  their  num- 
bers, their  talents,  and  thoir  virtues,  would  have  ensured 


*  In  Phil«delphiii,  there  are  alx  federal  and  two  democratic  papers. 
proportion  is  pretty  nearly  the  same  in  other  cities. 


Tho 


!•    ♦ 


AfTOKDnC. 


411 


•ihfilDioit  nil  the  moki«r«i  of  the  admlnliirfttloiki  howem 
wIm  or  •^Alutnry.      ,  '    ' 
It  li  tlmo  to  piUM— to  oftit  ft  rotroipeotif 0  oifo  on  ilit 

JiAiUHind  look  fttrwftrd  fbr  th«  reiuU.  A  Vory  lUu##ofleo- 
lou  win  ififfloo  to  oonvliioo  thenii  that  If  thoy  r«nrd  Ihelt 
honour  fti  ft  ptrty— thoir  ohftrnotor  In  hUtory— tlioir  datjr 
ft!  olUioni—ftnifthewtKkreofthelroountry— ftohftii|^»  • 
rftdionl  ohftngo  U  nvoeiiHry*  No  min  of  oommon  Mnio* 
who  pRyi  ftttontlon  to  tho  oxlitlng  olroutnHftlMoi  of  tbo 
oottiitry«  onn  tinriundo  hlmioirthftt  thoy  httve  iny  ohanoo  of 
rogttlolng  tiowor»  union  by  n  oonvuliloof  of  whloh  thoy 
would  bo  the  enrlleit  end  greftteit  fuflkrertf  end  whleh  they 
would  liftYo  every  renson  to  eune  moit  bitterly*  And  lure- 
ly  with  the  woundw  of  bleeding*  gftiping  Fmnee  before  their 
oyoM— with  hor  groani  In  their  eur*— they  would  not  be  m 
madf  10  blind*  lo  loit  to  renioo*  to  oommon  lenie*  to  reli- 
irfon*  to  publlo  tplrltf  to  uU  remrd  for  themieWei  nnd  their 


Irs. 


IttPnlllei,  %%  to  purine  power  through  luoh  ftdeipemte  rond 
ft!  ft  eonvulilon.  If  they  hnre  fklled  to  gnln  ground  In  the 
greftt  itfttei  of  New-iork*  Pemtiyhttiiiftf  yirgiiilftt  ftud 
north  Cftrollnft*  when  Wftr*  itagnntlon  of  builoeiii.  nnd  depM- 
elation  of  property  of  every  klndf  ftlded  their  eflorti  to  ren* 
der  their  ttdveciarloH  unpopular*  !•  It  not  hoping  agalnit 
hopof  to  oftloulate  on  proouolng  thU  effl^et  when  tmlllng 

Kiftoe  with  her  eornueopift  hfti  onoe  more  revisited  our 
yourod  land  ?  , . 

Let  them  take  the  advice  of  a  politloal  opponent*  but  ft 
real  friend*  Let  Uiem  not  render  a  government*  whoie 
only  real  defect  li  iti  feobicneis*  itill  more  feeble*  and  thue 
endanger  Iti  destruction*  by  a  blind  and  liullsorimlnate  op- 
poiitlon,  forbidden  by  every  principle  of  oommon  leniMt  and 
patriotlim*  Let  them  with  their  utmost  energy  oppose  all 
impolitiOf  liUurlous*  or  uiyust  measureiH-but  let  them  yield 
ft  cordial  and  hearty  support  to  every  measure  ealculate«l  to 
pi^omote  the  public  good.  This  is  what  constitutes  a  noble 
and  dignified  opposition  party.  Let  them*  if  they  choose^ 
use  all  their  efforts  to  regain  the  power  they  have  lost*  by 
fair  and  honourable  means.  Let  them  regard  their  breth- 
ren as.labouring  in  the  common  cause  to  promote  the  public 
good*  even  wlien  they  believe  them  in  error.  Let  them 
make  allowance  for  human  imperfection*  from  which  they 
are  no  more  exempt  than  their  antagoniitts.  By  this  course 
they  will  make  more  progress  in  one  year  than  they  have  in 
thirteen  by  intemperate  violence.  Thin  has  recoiled  on 
themselves. 


THE  OUT£  BBANGH. 


If  I  h^ve  U  thill  ehApter»  done  a  kindness  to  the  fedenlistv 
1  l|itTe  pe^fbrmed  an  ei^ual  service  to  the  democrat!*  by 
clearing  up  satisfiMttorily  points  of  considerable  importatteo 
to  their  eharac^ter.  I  hope  1  have  fully  disproved  the  help 
Qouseinirges  adduced  against  them,  of  destroying  the  pros- 
perity df  their  coiintry--ohiii^s  vrhioh  havo  gained  ore- 
<^nce  even  aoriQSs  the  Athmdic*  f^m  their  frequent  reittn 
ration  here. 


^■', 


CHAPTER  LXXIII. 

JUtteellaneoui  facts  and  obsertations. 


.  In  this  chapter  I  shall  collect  a  number  of  unconnected 
nets  and  observations,  nvbich  I  have  not  been  able  to  intro- 
duce elsewhere. 

J. 
A  very  niodorate  degree  of  knowledge  of  history  or  hu- 
man affairs,  furnishes  numberless  instances  of  the  discor- 
dance between  verv  plausible  anticipations  and  the  actual 
results  on  which  they  are  predicated.  I  offer  one.  The 
best  friends  of  this  country  were  always  distressed  at  the 

Erobable  vonsequenees  of  a  war  upon  the  southeni  slates, 
t  was  calculated  that  such  a  state  of  things  would  affbrd  a 
fkvourable  opportunity,  which  would  be  eagerly  embraced 
by  the  slaves*  to  rise  upon  their  masters,  aud  act  over  a^in 
the  horrors  of  St.  Domingo.  It  was  not  taken  into  consid- 
eration, that  a  state  of  war  requiring  martial  preparations 
and  arrangements,  would  greatly  add  to  the  fl&cility  of 
crushing  insurrection,  without  in  the  least  adding  to  the 
means  of  its  organiiation.  It  was  also  anticipated  that  the 
hardy  and  enterprising  people  of  Massachusetts  would  shew 
such  a  bold  front  towards  an  invading  enemy,  as  to  totolly 
forbid,  or  at  least  compel  him  to  abandon  the  attempt. 
The  events  have  falsified  both  calculations.  No  insurrec- 
tion was  thought  of  by  the  slaves.  Georgia,  a  feeble 
southern  state,  acquired  a  high  degree  of  honour  by  the 
war.    It  covered  Massachusetts  with  disgrace. 

II. 
'  The  attempt  to  impress  men  from  on  board  the  Chesa- 
peake, was  not  the  first  outrage  perpetrated  by  the  British 
on  an  American  national  ship.  Buring  the  administration 
of  Mr.  Adams,  several  sailors  were,  in  the  West  Indies, 
pressed  from  on  board  the  Baltimore*  a  public  vessel  of  the 
United  States. 


f 


ttL      .  -J   . 

Violent  murUzmiti  ^late  in  all  ag^s  IbeU^yeil  (lie.^oibjftif^ilit 
4MtrinjB,.tliat«Uie  end  iianotifies  the  niefinp:  a  doeiriiie  U|i( 
f railful  parent  ojT  qjumliei'liBsii  erioieiv  TMs  f veqaentiS j  lea4t 

garties  to  adopt  m^aiures^t ¥rhid| eaebio^i^^^ 
are  shnddered.  Our  oounti^  bai  witneVie^  va^O^^ 
Btaaees  of  this  kind.  Andiong  the  ras^*  unoe<k8|n|k^jRbrtt)^ 
have  been  made  by  some  9f  the  most  zealous  ai|id  y]^Ji<^i|^t  60 
the  opposersof  the  administration,  to  persuade  the^ubjutf' 
that  the  late  war  was  a  measure  concerted  between  Bonar 
parte  and  our  admioistradon,  and  for  wjhieh  the  former  had^ 
paid  the  latter  liberally.  The  following  letter,  whloh  first  ap- 
peared in  the  fiostoli  Centinel*  was  one  of  the  Tarious  means 
employed  for  this  purpose.  And  had  the  jBrilish  agents  in 
Paris  entered  into  the  projeet,  and  afiorded  any  ^oiditenanfitf 
to  the  aocusatiori,  it  would  have  gained  universal  oredeilen 
among  the  enemies  of  the  admfniflrlEition  in  tMs  ediin^y«| 
and  might  have  produoed  alarming  consequeniees.  Very' 
mueh  to  their  credit  and  to  oiUr  ha|^4ttesfy  they  atioli^ed  if 
toperish. 

IMPORTANT  LETTEB. 

**  The  original  <^  the  letter  from  an  American  gentleman  in  Paris*  of  which 
the  following  ia  an  extract,  has  been  seen  by  the  editor,  who  voutihM  for  ite' 
having  been  faithfully  copied  therefrom  :— 

«  Pari$s  M19  26, 1814.  j 

*'  The  treaty  is  nearly  concluded,  and  we  shall  once  more  ae;  all  the  worldT 
in  peace,  excepting  our  own  country— ^thanks  td  the  wisdom  of  the  democrats 
and  the  partizans  of  Bona|Mute!  Since  the  war  lias  be^  declared,  he  has  not,, 
ej^prcised  one  singk  act  of  amity  or  friendship,  either  toward  the  natbn  or 
any  individdal.  It  is  v^  well  known  by  every  one  here  who  has  connexion 
with  Uie  gttvernmmt,  that  it  vmu  by.  bribery  that  the  vote  for  the  wur  ebtainBdH 
A  gentleroan  employed  in  the  office.of  the  department  of  foreigni^airs,  told 
me,  that  he  tav  on  the  books  the  nqmet^fthe  aenatore  bribet^  and  the  tumtpaia 
each  of  them  by  Serrurier.  I  hope  in  a  short  time  to  be  able  to  .procure  a 
copy  of  it,  to  send'to  you.  The  country  va»  toUby  .Armttrong  before  he  left 
Pariit  and  the  war  wot  decided  ttpont  and  in  cmueguence  he  wat  made  oecre^ 
tary  of  watt  the  better  to  accompUth  the  diabolical  tyttem.  I  hope  the  eventi 
which  have  taken  place  in  Europe  will  enlighten  Uie  American  people,  and 
shew  them  their  true  interest,  and  thiit  they  will  have  resolution  and  patri< 
otism  enough  to  dismiss  from  their  oouncils  men  who  have  so  basely  betrayed* 
their  count^  and  the  confidence  that  was  reposed  in  them  by  their  fellow- 
citizens,  This  is  the  first  step  towards  making  an  honourable  and  durable 
peace,  which  must  be  the  desire  of  every  true  American.** 

This  letter  was  re-copied,  as  a  most  Important  document^ 
into  a  large  portion  of  the  federal  papers. 

.  ,  IV. 

French  and  Englinh  influence* 

The  United  States  have  resounded  with  the  charge  of 

French  Influence,  which  I  have  incidentally  touched  upon 

in  some  of  the  preceding  pages.    Of  its  existence  a  lai^ 

portion  of  our  citizens  are  as  thoroughly  satisfied,  as  of  any 

T  3 


.  11- 
I  li 


m. 


11 


It'% 


THE  OI^VI^IOUKCH. 


of  ihe  demonitratloBB  in  JSncUd.  On  the  siil\}eot  of  Britisli 
infiueneiB  there  it  mi  nlmott  total  8ilenee>  uthoi^  from 
fmiiienen  of  Inagun^t  Inerenntile  Intereoune*  nnd  the  now* 
iif  At  elfoeti  in  our  eities  of  British  eapitml  nod  British 
agentitiUi  pUUn  nnti  mUpable.  On  the  Itth  of  Jatranry, 
'8i4»  ■otemor  Strong  deliTered  an  address  to  the  legisla- 
tiive  of  Stassaohnsetttif  in  whieh  lie  laid  ebhsiderable  em- 
Ith'Mii  OQ  a  **  proposal  made  bv  the  Freneh  empetor  that 
ik$  eoMress  at  rrague  shonld  b(6  eomposed  of  plenipoten- 
tiaries from  FraneOf  the  United  dtates>  DenmaYk,  and  the 
other, allied  prinees  on  the  one^hand»andtheplenipotenthi- 
ries  of  ^Ingiand,  Prnssia*  and  their  allies  on  the  Jther." 
From  this  proposal  the  worth v  goyernor  implied  **  a  con- 
nexion with  Franee  in  the  war^'-Jn  other  words,  the  hide- 
ous hydra  of  <*  French  influence/' 

'Wluie  hethufe  sagaciously  discovered  French  influence^ 
or  FroDch  connexions,  in  a  eirourostance  so  utterly  unim- 
portanty  is  it  not  astonishing  that  he  wholly  o?erloolceu  the 
«ttent  of  British  injlwnce  in  Boston,  the  town  wherein  he 
^rote  this  i^dre«s— and  that  h  3  wr.  as  silent  as  the  grave 
about  the  enormous  supplies  of  speeie  at  that  very  time  Cur- 
Hished  to  the  British  nation,  then  at  war  with  his  native 
country— and  about  the  open,  undisguised  interoourse  car- 
ried on  with  the  enemy*  and  the  ptttHie  sales  of  liis  govern- 
ment bills? 

V. 

-  Foi^lfery  of  8hip0*  papera. 

'^  the  enumeration  of  the  grievances  whereby  the  Uni- 
ted States  were  driven  to  war  with  England,  litUe  has  been 
said  on  the  suliijeot  of  the  forgery  of  our  naval  papers, 
whereby  our  flag  was  discredited,  the  British  commeroe 
protected,  and  extended  at  our  expence«  and  our  vessels  ex- 
posed to  the  indignation  of  the  other  l>eliigerents,  who  must 
in  numberless  instanoeiii  have  found  it  impossible  to  discrim- 
inate between  vessels  fitted  out  in  London  with  simulated 
documents,  and  vessels  fitted  out  bona  fide  in  tlie  United 
States.  It  is  impossiUe  to  find  an  upright  man  in  the  world, 
who  wiil  not  loudly  and  unhesitatingly  condemn  such  a 
practice. 

Of  the  existence  of  this  praotiee,  no  man  doubts.  But  of 
the  extent  to  which  it  was  carried,  I  believe  vry  few  are 
aware.  I  submit  a  few  documents  which  will  throw  light 
on  the  subjeet— -and  leave  it  then  to  the  reader's  reflections. 

Mr.  Brougham,  member  of  parliament  for  Liverpool*  in 
a-speeeh  on  the  subjeet  of  the  orders  in  council,  read  the 
following  circular  froip  a  house  in  Liverpool,  established  to 
earry  on  the  manufacture  of  simulated  papers. 


eita 

Whi* 

our 

*hip 

our 

thei 


APPENDIX. 


*af 


"LherpMf,  > 

"  ftentl«men->We  take  the  liberty  hewvith  to  inform  you,  th»t  we  Juvf 
eitataiehed  ounelve*  in  tbii  town  for  the  pMipeeeof  makkif  timidiUid  pipen^ 
t*hiob  vc  are enable4  to  do  ina^yny  vhieh  wiU  give  ample  setiifrctioa  to 
our  emplogran,  netonly  being  in  poaieeeion  of  the  original  doeuntenta  of  the 
»hip8*  papers,  and  elearancea  to  varioua  porte,  n  li«t  of  wl^eh  we  unexi  but 
our  Mr.  G— — Il«—  having  worked  with  hie  brother,  Mr.  J,-— ••— n*,  in 


the  Mun^  line,  for  the  laat  two  yeap,  and  underataadiof  all  the  neeeaeary  lai^ 
gu*|wi. 

«'  Of  any  changea  that  id»y  occur  in  the  different  places  on  the  continent; 
wt  are  ciureftil  to  hate  the  earliest  hiforination,  not  only  from  Ottr  own  ton> 
liexions,  but  from  Mr.  j..-^B— — ,  who  has  proflEsred  his  asaistenee  in  ererf 
way,  and  who  has  for  some  time  past  made  simulated  papers  for  Messrs. 
B— — and  P-<-«.  of  thia  town,  to  whom  we  beg  leave  to  ?sfor  you  for  flir. 
ther  information.  We  renudn,'  be.**  Then  follows  a  list  of  about  twenty  phu 
ties,  from  and  to  which  they  can  forge  paipers,  having  all  the  flearancee  rmidv 
by  them,  from  the  different  public  agitnta,  xbc  moment  they  receive  intelU** 
erene*.  that  any  mercliant  may  need  tbeir  asaiataoce  in  this  sdieiae  of  fobriCA' 
tion.*  ,  .     - 

^hne  tlie  Londm  Mtmittg  ChrorUelt,  JUne  19, 1813.  ' 

"  To  ship  breka-8,  custom.house  agents,  notariesimblie,  merohaate,  tie.— 
BimuUted.papera  and  aeala,  capital  countingjiottse  fixtures,  30  very  excellent 
and  expensive  charU  and  maps,  &c.r-By  Mr.  %aMPSoir,  at  his  warehouse,  1ft 
Size  lane,  Bucklersbury,  on  Thursday  next,  ait  11,  by  diitetkm  of  tbeas* 
aigneee.^ 

*'  The  valuable  fixtures  and  fittinga  up  of  the  eountingJiouaes,  34  boxes  con- 
tainingsJiNW^^^  <A^'  iPopert  and  attUt/w  foreign  ctuntrie;  various  col^iured 
inks,  foreign  writing  piper,  fkc.  of  Mr.  Peter  Vrr-iltr  A.  A.  merchant,  ftbaidt. 
rup^  (removed  from  nu  offices,  No.  9.  Water  \Mt,  TQwer«st.)  comprising 
sevien  midiogany  1  flap  and  9  flap  counting  hpuae  desks,  book  case,  two  eapu 
tal  library  and  writing  tabiaa,  with  drawera,  ataroping  and  aealing  pressea,  a 
patent  instantaneous  Tight  machine,  an  excellent  mahogany  portable  writing 
desk  witt)  secret  dniwers,  two  patent  polygraphs,  several  capital  charts, 
unon^t  whiph  are  the  Northern  pea,  the  Cattegat,  the  Azorea,  the  AttantiC' 
Qvean,  the  nutic  PUot,  Weat  Indiea,  British  Channel,  coaats  of  Englend  and 
HoUand,  Bleoiterranean,  Europe,  Aaia,  and  America;  Mereator'a  Worlds 
tiaurie'aiid  Whittle'a  new  map  of  ibe  British  isles,  on  spring  rollers  and 
boxes  t  Carey^s  universal  Atlas ;  a  new  ledger,  journal  ana  waste  book,  five 
vols,  of  the  beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  and  95  numbers  of  do.  six  mo- 
rocco leather  ca8e%  &c.  To  be  viewed  two  daya  preceding  the  sale^  at  the 
broker's  warehonses ;  catalogues  may  be  had  of  Blessrs.  Sweet  and  Stokes, 
solicitors,  Bausinghall  street,  and  oi  Mr.  Sampson,  16^  Size  lane,  Bueklera- 
bury.»» 

ExtrtKt/rtm  the  tpeeeh  ^f  Mr,  Speoner,  at  a  netting  in  Sirminffham,  J^areh 

31,1812. 
<*  The  evil  that  presaea  stronger  upon  my  mind,  as  respects  the  license  sys- 
tem, is  the  great  de^pujation  it  produces  in  the  national  cliaracter.    It  is 
lamentable,  ^at  a  nation,  hitherto  atanding  high  in  moral  estimation,  anxioua 

*  In  noticing  thia  matter  in  the  house  of  commons,  Mr.  Stephens,  author 
of  "  War  in  Uisguise,"  said,  f  he  would  ask  gentlemen  Hncereljf,  were 
they  prepar^  to  abandon  all  trade  to  the  continent  pf  EMrope  on  acpoun^ 
of  those  objections  hi  point  of  mora!^  which  had  been  stated  by  the 
honourable  mover?  [Mr.  Brougham.]  He  felt  himself  perfectly  ready  to 
ipeet  any  gentleman  upon  thia  ground ;  and  he  really  believed  he  would  find 
frw  who  nd  weakntot  enou^  to  think,  or  h^ipteti^  enouf^  to  aasert,  that 
the  whole  trade  of  Europe  ought  to  be  abandoned  on  accountof  the  immo- 
rality of  rtiAvo*  neeenarOy  praotised  in  the  carrying  it  on.  Ai  to  the /or* 
gii^  piqiera  and  French  consuls'  certificates  of  ^origin,  he  was  convinced  that 
neither  this,  nor  shewing  faUe  colourt  to  the  enemy,  would  be  supposed  SO 
i^ious  an  immorality  as  to  ^alK  us  coi\i«^t  to  abandon  all  our  tr^e." 


m 
m 


m 


''  I 


1 1  I 


t*9 


THE  DjU^VE  PtANCH. 


to  nromote  tcue  knowledge,  lealoua  to  spread  the  principles  of  pure  religion, 
■heutdHais  Ifcy  \tiiei1f  «'{|^n  to  the  imputation  of  forcing  a  trade  by  fraud  and 
|tei4uiy,  ahd  tlial^  too.  Under  the  sanction  of  (rov«nnnent.  It  most  seriously 
•flnet  feffery  one  laalout  for  the  tnui  honoiu'  and  tv«V  fnterests  of  his  coontiy, 

tWt  it  has  Men  admitted  in  the  co^n  t  f>f  aduiifsHy,  thiv  smder  present  cir- 
eiunstances  it  was  necessary  to  v/ mk  at  ^'hv>ulntctl  papr:*  HI  In  carrybg  on 
tM«  trade,  the  captain  of  the  vessel;  nwnt  "<■.  fuVnithed  wHh  i  fO  sets  of  papers 
diiimetricaliy  opposit*  to  each  otlv^rt,  both  of  woich  >v:  \\,-itt  swear  to  be 
trtie.  He  most  ahoawear  at  one  ^hcB'thf:  tLo  ^.^opti/iy  i  B^tish^  in  an- 
oUiftr  that  it  ifi  neutral!** 

'   ip  |ilviprpo«4,  M>  t))e  fall  of  XBii,  the  f  rio«  Qf  Ibrged  pa* 

per*  WM  M  icU<rtw8 : 


American  Begistcr,       .  .  . 

'  Sda  Letter,''   ''    '.'        '  .  ., 

CKd'ii.mnce, 

BOls  ofLai^ng,  with  not  ^ry's  ^ertiticata 
3  nets,  •  •  • 


/. 
8 
3 


A 
0 
0 

9 


'  property, 

3    3    0. 

I  shall  oloie  the  talitjeet  with  the  following  Judicious  and 
libbi'^  remarks  ttom  a  London  paper  upon*  and  jnst  repro- 
i»ation  of«  this  yile  system,  whieh  goes  the  full  length  of  de- 
iaoralizin^  the  mass  of  the  persons  engaged  in  oommecce 
in  anj  nation  where  it  is  ciountenaneed. 

Frrnin  Lotuhn  paper. 
**  When  we  hear  the  aeeOiiaUou  of  treacherous  neutrals  daily  made  against 
the  American  nation,  we  ought  at  least  to  inquit<6  whether  it  is  just  before  we 
give  it  any  credence.  Ifj  Iravrever,  we  assist  her  in  obtaining  this  character| 
stftd  reap  the  advantagek  of  the  prostitution  of  her  flag,  w^  ought  to  be  silent: 
(i:;^  It  is  an  undoubted  fiM:t,and  well  known  to  all  concerned  in  the  Baltic 
trade,  that  most  of  the  EngUsh  ships  wluch  have  gone  to  ^he  torth  of  Europe 
£>r  two  years  past,  have  assumed  t|)e  Ame^^can  fla|^,  and  taken  simulated  pa- 
pers, by  whiclr  they  have  been  permitted  to  an  entry.'  The  gen^iU  prevalence 
of  this  practice  produced  a  seisure  of  all  the  ships  Under  Ameriqin'  colours, 
so  that,  in  many  instances,  the  neutral  American  nierchants  iuffered.  -  It  4vas 
a  subject  of  remonstrance  by  Russia,  I)enmark,  and  Sweden,  to  the  American 
consuls  there,  that  their  neutral  flag  was  thus  unfairly  assumed  by  one  of  thci 
belligerents.  In  these  instances,  therefore,  ift  have  no  right  to  charge  the 
Americans  wi.h  bad  fiuth,  as  the  adventures  were  commenced  and  concluded 
Iqr  Englith  merchants  in  England.'* 

VI. 

Vpatart  pride. 

Among  the  blots  and  blemishes  of  this  eountry* «  upstart 
pride**  ranks  yery  high,  and  produces  most  ruinous  conse> 
quences.  * 

A  roan  comes  to  the  United  States  as  a  redemptipner.  By 
his  labour  for  three  or  four  years  in  a  state  of  servitude*  he 
defrays  the  expense  of  his  passage.  He  afterwards  .by  "  sa- 
Ting  ohcese-parings  and  ends  of  candles.**'  and  stinting  him- 
self of  necessaries,  makes  a  little  money.  He  marries  a 
wife,  a  personage  equally  exalted  with  himself.  They  rake 
and  scrape  together  a  fe\y  thousand  dollars,  and  their  ideas 
expand  with  their  enormous  wealth*    They  have  four,  five. 


AFl^BNDIX. 


m 


pt- 


and 


or  lis  loqi.  And  It  would  bt  too  de|rp»4ing  to  atoop  to  malo 
»ny  of  them  a  tnidetnan  or  nueohanlOf  Mq.  Thej  ipinit  kp 
iMl  marefc-anff — or  doctors — or  lawyers.  VewSvme  mn 
oirerriin  with  broken  metvhaots,  and  hungry  doetort,  «im1 
lawyers,  and  henioe  arises  n  rnost  serious  aad  alarmioK  evil* 
the  removal  of  whieh  demAud*  the  efforts  of  i^ll  tlie  friend|f 
pf  their  eountry.  There  are,  alas !  thousands  of  estimdUo 
men  scattered  throug^h  th^  United  States*  whose  tal|Bnttfiw 
fortunes  would  have  cjualified  th^m  for  useful  inem^rs  of 
society  as  farmers,  artists  or  meohanics— biit  who  are  actu- 
ally thrown  ^way  to  themselves  and  the  pi|bJUc  by  being  de- 
voted to  the  mereantile,  or  legal,  or  meaibal  .profession. 

Tl)e  fnercantile  profession  being  extravagantly  crowded^ 
the  competition  in  our  maricets  for  ^e  productions  of  the 
country  for  exportation,  enhances  the  price  here.  And  the 
great  competition  of  sellers  in  the  foreign  markets  ifinks  the 
price  there.    Therefore  the  operation  of  this  pernicious 

{prejudice,  whereby  one  class  of  our  citizens  is  (dtverstQcked* 
8  two-fold— rits  injurious  efibets  are  felt  athooKi  and  al^road. 
To  this  source,  in  a  great  measure,  mav  be  ascribed  the  ex- 
travagant proportion  of  bankruptcies  tliat  have  taken  place 
among  the  merchants  in  this  country,  for  niany  y0ars.  Tbf 
great  number  of  sea-ports  in  the  United  Staites*  wjiereln 
futeign  commerce  is  carried  on,  creates  such  a  competition 
in  the  markets  abroad,  as  mtist  at  all  times  subject  Ameri- 
can commerce  to  considerable  disadvtotage.  tt  is  therefore 
the  height  of  madness  to  extend  or  increase  the  difficulty 
under  which  our  commerce  must  thus  constantly  and  inevi- 
tably labour. 

,V     ■  TIL    '  ,...:, 

JUanufaetures,  ^ 

Many  of  Qwp  citizens  have  been  led  into  egregious  errors 
pn  the  vital  subject  of  the  promotion  and  encouragement  of 
domeslic  manufactures,  by  an  outcry  which  has  been  raised 
against  the  manufacturers,  that  in  all  oases  wherein  legal 
protection  is  afforded  them,  they  take  an  ui^just  and  ungen- 
erous advantage  of  the  public,  and  enormously  enhance  the 
price  of  their  goods,  wbereby  thisir  fellow- citizens  are  un- 
justly laid  under  heavy  contribution.  And  therefore  many 
of  our  members  of  congress  sagaciously  determine  to  lot 
this  useful  class  of  men,  who  do  more  to  establish  the  true 
independence  of  their  country,  than  any  other  class,  struggle 
against  the  multifarious  disadvantages  which  our  infant 
manufactures  labour  under,  in  a  competition  with  the  malur 
red  and  long  established  manufactures  of  Europe. 

It  is  not  easy  to  conceive  of  any  more  miserable  error 
than  this>  or  that  comes  with  a  worse  grace  from  those 


>nt  m 


ill! 


1 1 


1  • 


iM! 


■u 


THE  61XVE  BRANCH. 


wlM proptg»te  It,    "Who  are  they?  MerehaBtii  •gricnKn* 

tUtk,  tu^pee  ownertf  money  leaderif  &e.  Ice.  ^^ 

Let  t|t  ieyamiQe  eaoh  of  theie  eleiiet  leparatelyf    I  benn 

irith  the  merebant    When  he  iniporte  •  eargo  of  any  kinil 

Shateyer,  de$i  be  regulate  the  ]xriee  by  tUe  eoit?-pjaoet  he 
•play  the  ditiatereiteUnott  and  lelf^enial  whioh  h*  le 
(Uoqaently  preaohoi  up  to  the  maoubeturer?  Suisse  he 
brii^  ia|e  the  market  an  artiele  whose  eoit  ii  one  dollar* 
hat  wh|eh>,flropi  its  soaroity  and  demand*  will  sell  ibr  ftfiy^ 
Does  he^  h^sltlUe  to  demand  and  insist  on  fifty?  Kot  an  in- 
stant. And  ho  would  have  no  seruple  to  demand  one  bun- 
dredit  or  one  thousand*  if  the  market  would  warrant  it.  Xiet 
the  inerehantt  then*  never  rail  against  the  extortion  of  the 
inanufieturer.  Let  hi&i  impoie  an  eternal  silence  on  his 
tongiie*  on  this  topie*  so  pregnant  with  materials  for  I4f 
own  eondemnation. 

Next  in  ori^r  comes  Mie  agrionlturist;  And  as  a  large 
portion  of  the  members  of  our  legislHtive  bodies  is  composed 
of  gentlemen  of  this  class,  the  appeal  has  been  strongly  and 
too  sttooessfully  nii^  to  their  passions  and  prejudices.  And 
they  Areely  re-eeho  the  cry  begun  by  the  merchants  ag|iins| 
the  predatory  spirit  of  the  manufacturers,  f  hey  forget  the 
atfoi^p  parable  of  the  mote  and  the  beam.  Suroose  a  far* 
mer  to  bring  1000  Iwrrels  of  flour  to  a  city  in  a  state  of 
fbmine.  Where  are  then  bis  boweb  of  ci^mps  stion  7  Where 
his  tenderness  for  his  suH'erlng  feilow  men  f  Where  his  ab- 
horrence of  extortion  and  drpredation?  Will  he  sell  his  flour 
for  the  customary  prle??  No.  No.  No,  He  tk?;eB  the 
^age  and  measure  of  the  general  distress.  And  in  propor- 
tion to  the  degree  of  misery,  aud  sufferingf  and  starvation 
that  prevails,  he  fixes  his  price. 

The  owner  of  houses  and  lands  eemes  next  in  turn*  And 
he  is  in  tht  saipe  predicament  with  the  merchant  and  agri- 
culturist. He  uniformly  regulates  the  rent  of  his  houses 
^nd  lands  by  the  demand,  not  fay  the  cost.  1  have  paid  for 
the  use  of  a  bouse  foi  three  months^  during  the  prevalence 
of  yellow  fever^  at  least  as  much  rent  as  would  have  been 
required  fur  a  year.  A  very  small,  narrow  house  in  Mar- 
ket streety  Philadelphia,  which  could  not  have  cost  two 
thousand  dollars,  renis  for  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

On  the  subject  of  the  {generosity  of  the  money  fendef',  it  la 
needless  to  descant.  His  tenderness,  and  mercy,  and  be- 
nevolence, have  so  lung  been  the  subject  of  celebration  and 
panegyric  by  moral  and  dramatic  writers,  and  by  ft:rmon- 
ists,  thai  they  cannot  hava  escaped  tlie  observation  of  thip 
most  superfieial.  *"  yi^ 


APPBNBIX. 


4U 


If  therefore  the  muinllMtiirerf  did  realW  ihoreaie  their 
l^flts  with  the  increaie  of  demaiiC  It  wottld  not  be  ftjiiit 
•ubjeet  of  oompIaliit«  with  My  of  \ikt  other  ohiiiet  of  soel- 
«t^»  who  exlMstly  puHue  thii  piM  theniMiyei.  But  It  doet 
not  follow,  UMt  u  rise  in  the  prioe  of  a  Bianiiihetured  arU- 
ele  produeei  an  in^-  ease  of  tlie  profit!  of  the  roannfhettirer. 
1^  IBO  meant.  Taree  items  regulate  the  prieto  of  manuKie* 
tnref— the  ooit  of  the  materian— the  prioe  of  labour— and 
the  profit  of  the  manufacturer.  Now*  it  it  too  obvious  to 
require  enfbreement,  that  an  inorea'te  of  demand  alwayt  In* 
ereaset  the  priee  of  the  firtt— and  verj  frequently  of  the 
teeond.  Let  us  then  inppote«  that  of  a  yard  of  broadcloth* 
which  tells  for  six  dollart,  thf«  raw  material  eosts  two-^the 
labour  two — ahd  that  the  manufacturer  has  a  profit  of  the 
other  two.  If  the  demand  by  any  means  be  greatly  increa- 
sed, the  prioe  of  the  wool  may  rite  half  a  dollar— and  of  the 
labour  as  much  more.  Thus  the  article  may  be  sold  at 
seven  dollars— and  the  manufacturer  not  make  more  per 
yard— and  less  per  cent,  than  when  he  told  at  tix  dollars. 
Thit  it  a  random  case — ^but  tuffioient  to  elucidate  the  point. 

A^intt  Extortion,  on  the  part  of  manufaeturert,  the  pub- 
lie  have  two  good  safeguardt.  One  is,  the  competitioa 
among  themselvet,  which  is  at  all  timet  sufficient  to  pre- 
vent impotition  to  any  very  material  extent.  ^  Th«  othck'  It, 
the  danger  of  encouraging  the  European  articlet,  which 
AH  nlways  ready  to  be  poured  into  the  country  in  extrava'^ 
ffiint  quantitiet. 

.    VIII. 

Exctlse. 

iphe  most  odious  and  oppressive  form  in  which  public  con- 
tributioht  can  be  levied,  is,  excise.  However  free  the  con- 
stitution or  laws  of  a  country  may  generally  be,  those  citi- 
zens or  subjects  on  whom  an  excise  system  operates,  are.  so 
lut*  as  respects  the  support  of  government,  in  a  state  of  as 
much  oppression  as  the  subjects  of  the  veriest  desiiotism  in 
Europe.  Their  houses  are  liable  to  domiciliary  visits— the 
wliolo  of  their  business  open  to  the  inspection  of  tax-gatlier- 
ersr-they  are  subject  to  tlie  necessity  of  keeping  their  ac- 
counts aecordipg  to  rules  and  orders,  with  which  it  is  almost 
impossible  for  many  of  them  to  comity — and  in  many  cases 
they  are  liable  to  pulns  and  penalties  for  perjury,  when  Ibeir 
iatentiunt  are  perfectly  fair  and  honourable.  And  so  far 
at  respects  property,  despotism  does  not,  I  believe,  exhibit 
itself  under  a  more  fk'ightful  aspect  than  this,  in  any  part  of 
X^uroiie. 

That  there  are  cases,  nevertheless,  in  which  it  is  perfect- 
ly riglit  and  proper  for  government  to  impose  excises,  and 


!l 


! 


Uk 


THE  OLIYB  BRANCH. 


in  which  UIi  the  d^t/  of  the  citizent  to  labmit  to  them  oheer« 
tiilXy,  I  ftm  Mtttfleo.  And  th«t  the  altuatlon  of  this  eoun- 
trjr>  during  the  lint  leition  of  eongrois»  when  the  exeiie 

Siriteni  Has  adopted*  Wat  such  as  loudly  called  f«r  and  justi- 
ed  it*  Ut  I  think*  equally  clear.  The  people  should  have 
lk»rne  a  tax  on  hii'ths  or  funerals,  on  the  light  of  heuven.  or 
<he  iUr  th«)y  breathe,  rather  than  submit  to  an  Invading  en* 
emy.  And  I  think  it  was  creditable  to  the  nation,  that  eoi|i- 
gruss  relied  so  far  on  its  patriotism  as  to  risk  their  popu- 
larity on  a  system  so  obnoxious,  which  nothing  but  ture 
necessity  could  justify. 

But  when  peace  was  restored—- when  the  merest  scioliBt 
in  political  economy  must  be  perfectly  satisfied,  that  tlie 
impost  would  be  amply  adequate  to  meet  all  possible  de- 
mands of  the  government—- tt  was  a  most  unpardonable  sin 
of  the  demooratio  majority  not  to  repeal  this  most  odious  of 
all  the  ^odious  forms  of  taxation.  To  continue  the  domicili- 
ary viHils  of  exoisumen— and  all  the  revolting  detail  of  this 
system,  when  there  was  so  obviously  no  necessitv  for  it,  and 
wisen  it  could  be  done  away  without  any  possible  disadvan- 
tage, Was  a  gross  dereliction  of  duty  on  the  part  of  the  thir- 
teenth congress — a  disregard  of  the  feelings  and  just  claims 
of  a  large  portion  of  their  fellow-citizens,  that  cannot  fail 
to  ensure  them  the  most  unqualified  censure  of  their  con- 
stituents. And  there  is  no  doubt  that  the^  had  political 
sins  enough  to  answer  for,  without  this  addition  to  the  cata- 
logue. 

IX. 

French  JDeereea— English  Orders  in  Cmineil. 

I  have  already  several  times  incidentally  touched  on 
these  measures  in  the  course  of  this  work.  But  I  cannot 
resist  the  temptation  once  more  to  raise  my  feeble  voice 
against  thoni  in  a  few  concluding  observations. 

The  whole  history  of  the  world  may  be  ransacked  in  vain 
to  tiiul  any  parallel  to  these  barefaced  violations  of  the  law 
»t*  nations.  They  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  stamp  the 
era  through  which  we  have  passed  with  disgroee  and  dis- 
honour. 

Two  c^reat  nations— or  father  the  governments  of  two 
great  nations — strain  every  nerve  for  mutual  destruction^ 
i  or  tlie  attainment  of  this  object,  there  is  a  most-  wanton 
and  prodigal  sacrifice  made  of  human  life  and  human  happi- 
ness. Yet  in  the  mitlc^t  of  this  frightful  devastation,  they 
ntost  perreetly  accord  on  one  point,  which  is,  to  depredate 
on  the  property  of  unofiending  and  unprotected  neutrals — 
6r,  in  terms  of  the  Boston  merahants— ><*  to  pjlbt'*— yes,  it 


•«4 


AVPElfDlX.  ^'^ 


Ul^ 


vain 

law 

[p  the 

dis- 

two 

intoti 
ippl- 
|tliey 
late 
lis-. 
is$ii 


h  ^t6  pMff  flptfn  the  ntifnUeted  prvptrty  if  a  Jirkidtjf 


Tkii,  u  I  hKft  tiitmiSf  ttatfld  three  «r  foar  tinei.  Ii  the 
iMiguage  of  the  merehanti  of  BotCon,  ilffned  by  their  eoti- 
niNtee»  Jsmei  Lloyd,  George  Cabot.  Davfd  Greeoi  ^.niold 
Welles,  John  Coflla  Jooei*  Md  T,  R.  Perkiot.  If  It  be  oftn- 
ilf  Ot  let  theie  g^ntlemefl  answer  ftr  it. 

What  Is  the  meaniiig  of  « to  preyT'  Dr.  Johnsoiif  who  Is 
indlsptttable  lexleographioal  authority— tells  the  world— 
that— i**  to  prey.**  is  neither  more  nor  less,  than  •*  lo  jplttii- 
der— «o  roh,** 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  whole  body  of  nerohants  of  the 
town  of  Boston,  in  1806,  publicly  aooused  the  British  go* 
Temment  of  «*pIttiideHn;  and  robUng^*  "the  onprotee- 
ted  property  of  a  friendly  power."  And  that  the  «  decrees'*  , 
were  or  an  equally  **  jjirejlng**  character,  will  not  he  dis- 
puted. 

And  what  was  the  palliation  of  this  prcylnf  system  ? 
France  eonstantly  and  earnestly  protested,  that  England 
had  begun  the  trade  of  **prefflng,**  and  that  she  hadonly 
fbHowed  her  einunple.  Enslaod  with  equal  yehemenee  an- 
swered that  the  ««]yrey{fi^  had  begun  on  the  other  side  of 
the  channel.  And  on  this  odserable,  contempttble  preteneoy 
they  «preped"  upon  American  property  between  them,  to  the 
amount  probably  of  thirty  millions  of  dollars.  In  %  word^ 
it  appears  that  both  partlbs  thought  us  unable  to  protect 
ourselves,  and  therefore  that  our  commerce  was  lawful 
**prey,**  to  avail  ravself  once  more  of  the  phraseology  of 
Mr.  Lloyd  and  his  friends.  * 

"It  might  be  thought  impouible  to  add  a  shade  to  this  odi- 
ous  vstem.  But  tnis  is  aa  error,  llie  last  stroke  of  the 
pencil  is  wanted.  While  each  of  these  nations  *<  preyed**  upon 
the  lawful  commerce  of  the  17rUo?J(  f^tates  with  her  enemyt 
they  carried  on  in  the  midst  of  v»  nijij;^^^  and  devouring  war, 
a  trafiic  with  each  other,  erect  3^1  >m  the  basis  of  fraud  and 
perjury,  a  considerable  portion  of  the  materials  of  which 
tratlle  arose  Arom  the  American  property  **  jfreyei**  upon  by 
their  cruisers ! ! ! ! ! 

llie  New  York  merchants  prefer  an  accusation  against 
the  orders  in  council,  full  as  strong  in  substance— but  not 
quite  so  plain  in  style  as  their  Boston  brethren.  Tliey  state 
that  **  havit^  tofoUu  suppressed  the  external  eommeret  ef 
her  enemies,  Great  iritain  ie  counMlIed  to  appeopriats  to 
herself  that  of  her  friends,**  The  term  <«  appropriate' is 
more  Chesterfieldian  than  **  vrey,**  But  it  is,  aUter  all,  the 
same  dish,  a  little  more  nicely  garnished.  Tlie  privatews- 
inan  who  **  preyed**  upon  the  **  unproteeted  property  of  a 

G  3 


\h  J 


•H 


THE  OUVf  :  UliANCIL 


frtnilf  jf$wei**  mmkj  •*  <npro|rtoti<*'  that  fttptrty  t4 

Ttot  I0  the  whole  warM  » liagle  »«■*  wh«  did  not  praflt 
.  hf  thii  mten*  ihovld  be  fouwl  to  Juitiiyt  or  pdliete  it»  it 
tmeilB*  bejond  ekprettloe.  Bot  tut  Amerleen  nerehtatit 
%heie  ntil  hktereits  wad  wheee  eoiintry't  deareit  righti  H 
evt  up  root  and  heaneh,  ihould  have  taken  thii  grennd*  ai 
we  know  tli«7  have  doae»  wiU  to  eor  posterity  appear  aelk- 
httloat  and  as  romantle  as  the  eelebrated  histotj  of  Don 
BelHaals  of  Greeoe— the  renowed  history  of  Farisnus*  Pa- 
ipismenoit  and  Parismenides— or  the  deleetaUe  tales  of  Alad- 
din's wonderful  lamp,  and  Binbad  the  Bailor. 

It  wUlbe  aslMd»  why  diseuss  this  sul^eet  now  7  what  pni> 
pose  eaa  it  answer  but  to  anger  and  to  irritate— to  prevent 
the  wonnds  reeeived  and  civen  flrom  oieatriaing  ?  Ought  not 
these  toples  to  be  buried  In  eternal  oblivion  ?  Can  this  be  a 
proper  time  for  sueh  enquiries  ?  I  answer,  this  is  the  time 
ir-tne  only  time.  What  purpose  would  the  diseussion  an- 
swer during  the  yiolenee  and  turbulenee  of  war  ?  A  period 
of  peaee  is  preeisel^r  the  time  to  investigate  the  question,  all 
Important  to  the  uiiited  States,  whether  the  righte  of  nea* 
tnU  nations  are  to  be  held  by  the  tenure  of  the  forbearaae^» 
the  moderatien.  the  Justiee  and  generosity  of  beUigerente 
—a  tenure,  of  the  preeariousaese  of  whieh  w^;,  have  seen  so 
manv  admonltoiy  examples— or  whether  the  rights,  the  so- 
'verelgnty,  the  trade,  the  eonmeree  of  neutral  nations  sha|l 
be  treated  by  belligerents  with  the  respeot  to  whieh  they 
are  entitled.  This  Is  a  glorious  theme  for  enlightened  men 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantie— worthy  of  a  MHton,  a  tiro- 
tius,  a  PuflnBadorif,  a  Henry,  a  Diekinson,  or  a  Flraaklin. 


THE  END. 


t4 


i^' 


« 
.rf 


<:k'' 


INDEX,  NO.  I. 


•c-li 


XThtm  mr$Uk»  fiei/bwirf  <»  «M«  JMt:e,  iMOy  to  mkgktfir  to  M.  iZ] 

Adma't  Deftnoe  of  the  AoMriem  CoMtitatiow/tribote  to»  •  51 

Adminiitntioa  of  Mr.  Jcffenon»  WMkaoM  of,  -       ^        40,50 

Akx«idir,emperor»hia  opinion  ofditjiutict  of  tliewu>»  >        lit 

Alien  uid  aedition  Uwi,  oppoHikm  to,        .  •  .  »  4S 

AnfMieMi  revolution,  barbaritiee  pevpetnted  in,  -  M 

AmerinniacrehantSftnMpb&Bjrof,  »  •  •         lOf 

Americans  irindiepM«V  the  outnlrei  of  Gicat  Britain,  •  •  Ul 
Amerieanimpreaaediailoriscoujrfed^tijiQKtopraottrortdreM»  lOT 
AmerioriialavetonboafdBritiahaMnofww,  >  •310 

Appointment  «f  Mr.  Gallatin,  as  niniitar.lmpolltie,  -  .  9T 

,Ann»tice,  propoeed  bf  admiral  Wantm,  i3    wjectcd  by  Mr.  Ma* 

diaon,54--impolicjrofther^ti9n,  ...  54 

Armistice  proposed  by  Mr.  Madison,  55-<r^eeted  by  lord  Castlf. 

rea|^,  .  ...  .  •  •  .  56 

Arnold,  Benedict,  treason  of,  •  •  •  -  •         Stt 

Associations  to  prerent  the  sueeess  of  ibc  loans,  •  >         907 

Attack  on  the<aiesapeake,  statement  of  the,  180— Remarks  on. 
Bank  of  Uiuted  States,  non<>enewal  of  the  eharter  of  the, 
Bankoptcies,  numerous,  in  middle  and  southern  states. 
Baring,  8i^  Francis,  purchased  3300  shares  in  the  Bank  U.  States, 
Bayard,  James  A.  his  opinion  of  the  orders  in  council, 
Barini^'s  inquiry  into  the  effects  of  the  orders  in  council, 
Berlin  decree  not  enforced  against  American  vessels,  for  17  pionths. 
Bell's  Weekljr  Messenger,  de&nce  of  America  by,  * 

BIske,  Francis,  remaru  on,  • 

Blind  leading  the  blind,  •  •  • 

Blockade  of  the  coast  from  the  Elbe  to  Brest, 
Boston  has  44  members  in  the  house  of  representatives  of  Maua 

chusetts,         -  -  -^         •  .  . 

Boston,  turbulence  of,  •  ^  •     .      • 

Boprle's  (captain)  blockade  of  the  British  dominions, 
British  depredations  brought  on  the  tapis  in  the  senate  of  the  Unl 

tedStatfes, 107 


51 
307,313 

53 
351 
130 
110 
188 
336 
316 
118 

400 
363 
110 


il 


edby 


IM  INDBX. 

BrlttohpriMt,ieatintoBMton,       .  .  •  ^ 

British  dcpi««tkiM»  calouUtioM  of  the  Mnount  o( 
British  depredations,  sovemor  Plunder's  opinions  on,  • 

Brhish  covemment  bUls  openlv  adverUsea  tor  sale  in  Boston, 
British  depredations,  mercanUle  roeetbtgs  against,  M,  85    ruinotts 

'  oonseqoenoes  of,  ,  ,  .  •  . 

British  priyateers,  horrible  picture  of  the  rapacity  of, 

Sritish  system  towards  United  Btaten,  imiKUicy  of,  > 

rttish  ministers,  indefensible  conduct  of. 
Brougham,  Henry,  extract  from  speech  of, 
Chesapeake,  murderous  attack  on  the,  110-~Indignation  ezr 

Om, 

Change  in  the  prospects  of  the  country,       ... 
Church  is  in  danger,  magical  effects  of  the  deceptious  cry, 
Civil  war,  danger  of,  31.  endeavours  to  produce,  • 

Classification  system,  excellence  of,  375, 376, 378-^  measure  of  tha 

American  revolution,  •  .... 

Cobbett,  W.  reflections  o^  upon  the  impressment  of  .American  seamen, 
Colonial  trade,  liberal  exposition  of  the  nature  of. 
Commerce  of  America,  all4mportant  to  England,  345-.Mextent  of, 
Corobinatiop  to  paralize  the  government,  308— ruinous  consequences 

of,  311— particulars  of  .  . 

Commerce  of  diiferent  parts  of  the  United  States, 
Combination,  treasonable,  to  bankrupt  the  government. 
Conflagration  at  Washington,  effects  of,       .  .  • 

Congress,  lamentable  imbecility  of,  .  •  ,       ,    . 

Consular  eertlficates  of  ori|^n,  a  cause  of  capture. 
Constitutions  of  various  states,  extracts  from, 
Congress  empowei!«d  to  call  out  the  militia  in  case  of  invaiion, 
Copenhagen,  flagitious  destruction  of,         •  . 

Credulity,  wonderftil,  of  ftction. 
Critical-situation  of  the  United  States, 
Dacres,  captMn,  address  of,  to  the  court  mai^tial, 
Bardin's  (Amy)  horse,  proceedings  respecting, 
Bmes,  Portuguese  and  Swedes,  imi»essed  on  board  Americran 
Bavila's  history  of  French  civil  wars,  referenoe  to, 
Beuie,  Silas,  treason  of,        ....  . 

Debts  of  tlie  United  States,  diminution  of  the. 
Declaration  of  war  against  France,  motion  for,  rejected. 
Democrats  tbrestened  with  vengeance  as  friends  of  Bonaparte, 
Democrats  rail  at  the  appointment  of  Judge  Jay  to  iie^Tociate  with 

England,  •  .  •  -  .  .  • 

IMreet  taxes,  repealed  under  Mr.  Jefferson's  administration, 
DisaffbctioB  towards  the  government,  instances  of, 
Discord,  attempts  to  prodvce,  between  the  eastern  and  southern  states, 
Domestic  improvements  and  indastty,  progress  of. 
Duties  on  exports  paid  by  the  ^Ufibent  states,         .  .      297, 

Duty  of  the  United  States  to  oppose  British  pretensions, 
Eastern  states,  pretensions  of,  to  superiority  over  southern. 
Eastern  states,  character  of  at  various  perioids, 
FiSstem  states,  ereatly  dependent  upon  tiie  southern. 
Eastern  states,  oeeply  interested  in  manufactures', 
Eaion,  general,  shamefully  treated. 
Eight  per  cent  loan,  opposition  to,  .  .  • 

Embargo,  not  duly  enforced  l^  Mr.  Jefferson, 
Embargo,  fiictious  clamour  against,  ... 

Embargo,  a  wise,  prudent,  and  necessary  measure,  -      131 

Embargo,  view  of,  .... 

Embargo,  British  proclamation  invites  to  violation  of. 


I  vessels, 


3Q6 
34r 
S48 

309 

80 

137 
349 
356 

348 

113,113 

31 

174 

33 

399 

191 

83 

345 

313 
380 
300 

63 
64^65 
139 
377 
383 
900 
134 

39 
SU 

65 
3^7 

31 
333 
4^ 
357 


58 
438 

30 

267 

430 

288,389 

86 

368 

269 

293, 394 

373 

40 

44 

50 

13i 

134»135 

135 

138 


PIDBX^ 


^^^ 


306 
347 
348 
309 

86 

isr 

346 
356 
348 

13,113 
31 

.  174 
S3 

399 

191 

83 

345 

313 
380 
300 

63 
64^65 
139 
377 
383 
360 
134 

39 
SU 

65 
347 

43^ 
357 


4^ 
*389 

369 

p3,394 
373 

1 

131 
14,135 

135 

138 


■mbarso.  oompMriaon  o(  with  acta  puaed  dorinf  the  pi«^ecUng 
.     MtminktratiQiM.  .  .  .  •  .  14| 

ImbMgo,  act  to  eonrce  the^  «  ...  .         14D 

Hibaiy),  flagrantly  viotated,  1^9  .  wpcalcd,  •  •  •         16S 

Embwfo,  rwemiiiendad  tp  congraaa  ^r  aoerchanta  of  New  Yoil^  '  W 

Bngliah  CanaitledeteatibrcignenofaUdeacriptioDpi,  'SSI 

^BgUnd,inagnaniinoua  example  of,  <<  •  •         339 

■aylandatrug|^ingforbcre«iatencc,aiBeicddu^o,        >  •       Stf 

VngUah  outrage!,  detaila  of,  •  •  •  Sat 

Bngland  more  ably  defended  in  America  than  in  London,  •         ISt 

Kngland,eUb<Hratedefence8of.  .  .  •  •        186 

England  carried  on  with  France  the  trade  interdicted  jto  the  United 

States,  •  •  •  •  .  '  ,        '         ^ 

Ktvora  of  the  democratic  party,       •'         •       '•  .'•  30 

Bnkuie  arrangement,  liberal  and  magnannnoua,  •  •         1^ 

Erakine  arrangement,  loudly  and  uniTeraally  i^^plauded,  •         173 

Brakine  arrangvment,  neWapiqperecKtiicta  respecting,         •      175, 17^  177 
Krskine  arrangement,  analysis  of,  •  •  •  •         179 

Erskine  arrangement,  cause  of  ita  rejection,  >  •  •         l7t 

Enkine,  Mr.  tieorge  Canning's  instructions  to,        •  .  •         ISJ 

Exports  ofthe  United  SUtes,8Utements  of  the,  •  .    '    433 

Exports  of  the  United  SUtes,  increase  of  ...  88 

Exports  of  United  States,  foreign  and  domestic,  371— foreign,  373— 

domestic,  375— various  comparisons  of  the,  •      373,873,  fce. 

Faction,  consequences  of,  -  •  - 

Faction,  deleterious  effects  of,  respecting  impreaament, 
Federsl  convention,  proceedings  in,  >  > 

Federal  party,  division  among,        •  •  -  r 

Federal  constitution,  formed  with  great  difliculty,  '» 

Fiederal  party,  their  unavailing  atruggles  for  power,  -' 

Federal  constitution,  happy  consequences  of. 
Federalists,  errors  oi^  .  .  .  -  - 

Federalists,  addreas  of  the  author  to,  ... 

Federalists  pursued  the  policy  they  reprobated  in  the  democrats, 
Federali&ts  in  1795-4  and  5,  friends  of  order  and  good  government. 
Foreigners,  illiberality  of  prejudicea  against. 
Foreigners,  list  of,  who  supported  the  cause  of  America, 
Foreign  commerce,  pn^resspf,       .... 
Fort  Washington,  capture  of,  •  •  •  ■ 

Fox's  (Charles  James)  blockade  from  the  Elbe  to  Brest, 
France,  American  injuatice  to,         •  -  -  • 

France,  urbanity  of,— hideous  change  in  ita  manners, 
French  influence,  utter  want  of  foundation  of,         •  • 

Gardiner,  Rev,  J.  S.  J.  extracts  frcm  his  ])oUtical  sermons, 
General  government,  wonderful  pusillanimity  of  the, 
General  tickets,  extremely  partial  and  unjust, 
Gerrymanderism,  definition  and  injustice  of. 
Generosity  of  nations,  a  nonentitv^  .... 

Gilnnan,  governor,  extract  from  bis  speech,  ... 

Gottenburg,  negociation  at,  im^litic,  .... 

Gordon,  lord  George,  riots  excited  by,         *.  *  *  ' 

Great  Britain  egregioualy  deceived  by  her  friends, 
Griswold,  governor,  his  opinion  of  the  conduct  of  France  and  England, 
Guerriere,  particulars  ofthe  capture  of  the,  ... 

Hartford  convention,  pronounces  a  strong  censure  on  the  repeal  of 

the  direct  taxes,  -  •  -  -  •  -         429 

Henry,  John,  statement  ofthe  mission  of,  ...         149 

IlUlhouse,  Mr.  invites  to  insurrection,         ....         148 
Horizon,  atrocioua  case  of  the,  .  .  <  •  119,  IS^ 

Imbecility  of  the  government,  reproaches  of  the,  .  .        228 


404,405,406 

30 

4ir 

58 

29 

331 

252 

211 


■I 


i«0 


iKi^i. 


InW>i«M>i<mtoiilM«rdtbeBdtioMMe,anationdTteld                  <,  416 

ImpreMment  of  Ameriean  Maiseii,  reieetiou  on,  188— by  H.  MHet,  191 
toprMMtMnt  of  American  acMit«n(  Mr.  Maditoal  obJeetioM  to.  189 

— J.  Q.  AcUiM'a,  190— Horrors  6^;  •  •  .  .  904 
ImpresHMiiA  of  American  aeainen,  dunnf  the  adminUtration  of  Gtn. 

Wavhington,  193— daring  ihat  oTSfr.  Adams,  195— during  that 

of  Mr.  Jefferson,  ...  .  .  906 
hspressment  of  Ameriean  seatnen,  contradictory  opinions  of  Mr. 

Piclcering  respecting  the,  .  .       ^   «  193,196 

mpressment  of  American  seamen,  various  view*  of,''  332,  333, 359, 880, 963 

InsurKction  and  ctvii  war,  easily  excited,  difficult  to  suppress,      •  341 

Invocation  to  war^  by  Dr.  Parish,  •  «  .  .  415 
Ireland  and  Irishmen,  elegant  defences  of,              ...    33445 

Irishmen  and  Frenchmen,  objects  of  jealmisv,         .          •          •  389 

Irishmen  in  Pennsj^lvania  line,  sufferings  and  hardships  of,             •  330 

Irishmen,  sealous  in  their  support  of  the  government,        > '         •  338 

Isard^  dapartare  of  from  Plattsburg,  hii^y  injudicious,      •           *  Ti 

Jackson,  general,  exploits  of,           .           •           •           ■           •  41 

Jsfoobin  and  Jacobinism,  definition  of,          ■           .           •           •  SflB 

Jay^s  treaty,  factious  opposition  to»  •  >  -  •  ^ 
Jemrson,  Thomas,  malignanl  abuK  of,  •  •  •  •  '  V'S 
Jews,  deplorable  and  factious  sute  of  the,              •           •          '16 

King,Gyrus,  speech  of,  on  the  cUs^fieatioA  bill,                  •           •  384 

King,  Hufus,  vote  of  thanks  to,  by  house  of  delegates  of  Maryland,  403 

King,  Itufus,  conduct  of,  respecting  impressment,  307 

Knox,  general,  his  plan  fer  classification  of  the  militia,        .           •  4|B'l 

Liberality  and  forbearance  of  the  United  Staten,  109 
loston's,  Mr.  project  of  a  convention  respecting  deserters,  203— ob> 

jections  to,          ......            .  903 

Lloyd,  James,  his  opinion  of  the  orders  in  council,               .  9Si 
Loans,  ruinous  dependence  upon,                  .           .           .           .76 

Loans  to  goveniment,  treasonable  efforts  to  prevent  the  success  of,  999 
Lycn,  Matthew,  severe  case  of,          .           .           .            .           .44 

Machiavelian  advice  of  John  Henry,                                      .           .  1^ 

Maryland  representation,  unequal,  unjust  and  oppressive,  4t0 
Massachusetts  degraded  by  faction,  315— compared  with  Tenncs> 

s«e,  315— and  invaded  without  resistance,        •            •           •  315 

Massachusetts  has  a  representative  of  her  black  population,            .  369 

Massachusetts,  factious  and  turbulent  spirit  of,        .           .           .  905 

Massachusetts,  representation  in,  very  ill  arranged,                         .  409 

Members  of  liouse  of  representatives  of  the  United  States,             >  366 

Merchants,  character  of  by  Edmund  Burke,                                     .  102 

Merchants,  utterly  fail  to  redeem  theur  pledge,         ...  103 

Merchants,  miserably  mistake  their  true  policy  and  interests,         .  105 

Mercantile  meetings  to  remonstrate  against  British  depredation,  84 

Milan  decree,  atrocious  wickedness  of  the,               ...  133 

Miller,  Mr.  speech  of  on  the  classification  bill,          .           .            .  384 

Militia  defence,  examination  of  its  efficiency,            .           .            •  374 

Militia  service,  right  of  society  to  coerce,  .  .  .  377 
Militia  laws  of  various  states,  extracts  from,             .            .             379, 380 

Militia  drafts,  oppressive,  unequal  and  unjust,  •  .  .  .  386 
Militia  defence,  inefficiency  of^  387— 43cn.  Washington's  denuncia- 

tionsof, 389, 590,  &c. 

Minority,  inexplicable  conduct  of  the,           .           .           »            .  335 

Money,  the  sinews  of  war,                  .....  296 

Monrue  and  Pinkney's  treaty  rtjected  by  Mr.  Jefferson,        .            .  46 

Morals,  horrible  dtpiavation  of,        .            .            „            .            .  So5 

Morse,  Kev  Jeduliali,  extracts  from  apolitical  sermon  of,              .  416 

Morse,  Hev  Jedirfiuli,  his  exhortation  to  support  government,  -  416 
Muster  books  ol  Moselle  and  Sappho,           .            ,                       .  .      310 


liniBx. 


i^^^i^ 


Mftvy,  democratic  oppo^tkm  to,        «  v^^^^«,.^ 

New^per  stateintBts,  erraoeouat  .  .  .  .  n 

Neglect  ofpablicupinion,rtt||M>qaeOnMNiacnce«  of,  .  .  M 

Ntvtpaper  uiisreprMentatioiM,  ruinoiM  cooMquencM  off  339,330. 

NcwV^uiyport  itleagei  itwlf  to  resist  die  government  even  unto  blood,  101 
New  Orleuti,  reauurks  on  the  occlusion  of,  339 

Vewspiper  dcnuncistions  of  lubseribers  to  government  loans,  .  SOU 
Non>intei«ourse  reprobated  bv  democrats,  51— and  by  federaUsts,  ^66,  ^Sf 
Non*importation  law,  tenor  o{  .  .  ^  .  .         109 

Non>intercourselaw,viewoftbe,  166 

Nortliem  grievances,  extract  from,  •  .  "^ 

O'Brien,  Bernard,  impressed  seaman,  certificate  respecting,  .         2^4 

Oroosition  to  the  government,  ruinous  consequences  of  the,  .  .  )i 

Oraers  in  council,  denunciation  of,  by  James  Uoyd,  251— by  Jamca 

A.  Bayard,  ibid— by  H.  G.  Otis,  ....         xo4 

Orders  in  council,  1793,  ruinous  consequences  of,  .  .  61 

Orders  in  council,  Nov.  11, 1807, 130— Nov.  35, 1807, 133— defend. 

t:     ed  by  Americans,  ......         |3f 

'^  ''ers  in  council  required  to  be  resisted.  ...         MS 

Orders  in  council,  inquiry  into  the  effects  of  the,  349— testimony 

against,  .......         340 

Osgood,  Rev.  Dr.  David,  his  exhortation  to  suppwt  government,  410 

Osgood,  Rev.  David,  extracts  from  the  politiciu  sermons  of,  331, 415 

Outrages,  succession  of,  perpetrated  on  this  country  by  the  British,  341$ 

Pacific  measures  defeated  by  mercantile  opposition,  .         lOf 

Ptrish,  Rev.  Dr.  Elijah,  his  exhortations  to  support  government,  415 

Parish,  Rev.  Elijah,  extracts  iiom  bis  political  sermons,  331, 415 

Parliamentary  poceedings  in  England,         .  ' .  0 

Party  and  faction,  the  bane  of  republics,  ,  .  "^ 

Party  wrritera,  deceptions  conduct  of,  .  .  . 

Party  and  faction,  history  of,  a  desideratum,  .  . 

Party  men,  thorough.g;oing,  rarely  honest  politicians. 
Parties  chuige  names  and  principles,  . 

Patriotic  proceedings,  statemeiit  of,  ... 

Peace  party,  ruinous  efff^cts  of  :'.-'■  exertions. 
Peace  party,  composec?  of  warlik>  inaterials, 
Pelham's  essa;^,  extracts  from,         ..... 

F'ennsylvonia  line,  sufferings  and  hemlim  or, 

Perceval,  Spencer,  assassination  ot^  ... 

Perry,  consequences  of  his  victory, 

Philadelphia,  citizens  &>.  ^   religious  as  those  of  Boston, 

Philadelphia,  ingratitude  of,  .... 

Pickering,  Mr.  Timothy,  vote  of,  agiunst  British  depredations  108->- 

against  impressment,        ......  108 

Pickering,  T.  objects  to  Mr.  Listen's  projet  of  a  convention  respect 

ingdeserten,  ..... 

Pickermg,  T.  wonderful  contrast  of  the  opinions  of,  136, 192, 
Pinkncy,  Wm.  character  ot^  ' 

Popular  delusion,  influence  of,  ...  . 

Popular  delusion,  extraordinary  instance  of, 
Population  of  the  United  States,  progress  of  the, 
Power  of  congress  ever  the  militia,  inquiry  into  the. 
Preparations,  neglect  of,         ....  . 

Prepamtions  for  war,  224,  226,  .... 

"  President  Madison  to  Elba,"  u  favourite  idea  with  many. 
Pretensions  of  Great  Drita  ii'.  exposed  by  Uoston  mercbunts, 
Pretensions  of  England,  extravagant, 

Printer  at  Reading  scourged  by  a  band  of  Philadelphia  volunteers, 
Proceeding  ot  congress,  inibecjlity  ana  tolly  of, 
ProBts  of  commerce,  50  per  cent. 


^lil 


iMilESL 


IhiMparity  of  tlw  United  8UlM,idewo(       t  •  418 

fl^MfttyofUieUiiitadSutMypragKMoftbe,      .  418»432 

PUpit  politiei.  nditious  and  trwwooab^  instance  of,  .  .299 

fteipH  poUtiM»  a  UdeouB  aiwDdnation.  318— varioas  inttancei  of, 

Sw,390k  ....... 

Iloinoey,  Joaiali,  aedit  <oaa  speech  of,  .  .  .  > 

JteflMAioM  ou  tbe  mercantiie  meggaociaiii, 
Heligioua  factions,  lemarka  m,  '  . 

Beligioua  tanatioisni,  instances  of,  .  .  >  • 

Bepeal  of  orders  in  council,  very  equivoeal, 
ilepaUics,  history  of,  not  duly  studied  by  the  democrats, 
tipetalistinn,  a  ntere  pretence  on  the  part  of  Bngiind, 
llefenueaofttie  United  States,  increase  of  the, 
Bider  anneied  to  Jay's  treaty, 
■toad  to  Bttin,  dehisioR  and  raisrewmentation  of, 
lluie  of  1756,  utterly  abandoned  by  the  Britiib  govetnment,  63— « 

mere  pretext  to  cover  predatory  seisures, 
llttssian  mediation,  misreprcsentatioa  lespcoting. 
Senatorial  represenution,  iniquitous  arrangemoit  of,  » 

[^paratitm  of  the  sutes,  project  for  a,  in  1796, 
liq^aration  of  th6  states  steadUy  advocated  in  Boston, 
Heparatton  of  the  states,  various  efforu  to  eflBwt  a, 
Soiug^g  carried  to  great  ezoese  in  Boston, 
Sober  character  oi'  ttie  Americans  no  security  ag^nst  civil  war, 
Southern  states,  unfavourable  anticipations  respecUng,  belied  by  events, 
Southern  sutes,  shamefiil  libel  against  the. 
Southern  states,  not  Itostile  to  the  eastern. 

Specie,  accumulation  of  in  Boston,  .  .  .  • 

Specie,  oppressive  drafts  foi^  on  middle  and  southern  states, 
Tluyer,  Uiram,  hard  case  of,  ,  .  , 

,  Tonnage  of  the  United  States,  view  of,         . 
Thompson,  Richard,  impressed  seaman,  sulfierings  of. 
Transit  duties,  F.  S.  Jackson's  view  of  the  payment  of, 
Tnmait  duties  imposed  by  Great  BritMn  on  American  trade. 
United  States,  glorious  prospects  of,  02— remarks  upon, 
United  SUtes,  not  sufficiently  grateral  or  munificent  towards  great  merit,  42 
United  States,  view  of  the  prosperity  of,        .  .  418 

United  States,  unparalleled  happiness  pf  the,  .16 

Virginia  representation,  unequal,  unjust,  and  oppressive,  .  411 

War,  constant  cause  of  with  England,  .  .  47 

War  violently  opposed  by  the  minority,         .  .       •    .      235,  236^  337 

War  proceedings  in  congress,  details  of  the,  331 

War  with  England  inevitable  but  by  a  sacrifice  of  national  character,        2S6 
War,  repeated  clamour  for,  .  .  238,240,241,243 

War,  inquiry  into  the  justice  of,        .....         244 
WashingtMi,  genend,  his  great  merits  and  service,  430 

Wasliington,  capture  of,  remarks  on,  68— causes  of,  70, 71, 72, 73,  74 

Wealthy  men  lending  their  aid  to  overturn  tlie  government,  IS 

Wellmgton,  lord,  immensely  rewarded,         .  .  •  •  42 

Whitby,  captain,  honourably  acr;uitted  fbr  the  murder  of  Hapt.  Fearce,     209 
Wolcott,  O.  objects  to  Mr,  Liston's  pro- .  respecting  deserters. 
Ye»8  and  nays  on  various  questions  icfVrding  war,  •• 


331 
365 
100 

t 

» 

40 
104 
435 

47 
3.7 

98 

67 

406 

11 

40 

264,365 

304 

36 

436 

365 

390 

306 

307 

313 

385 

311 

SS8 

134 

33 


SOG 

232 


331 
365 
ZOO 

t 

56 

40 
M4 
435 

47 

3.r 

98 
» 

406 
11 

40 
64»36S 
304 
36 
I,  436 
365 
300 
306 
307 
313 
385 
311 
358 
134 
33 
nt»43 
418 
16 
411 
47 
6»S37 
3S1 
236 
»24S 
244 
430 
^3,74 
IS 
42 
209 
303 
232 


BOCUMBNTAIi  IND£X. 


m^ 


'i:> 


93 

m 

109 
116 


'Admiralty,  addrMt  to  tbtBritlih<mvy  .It 

■iJlAien  law,  extract  from,  .  i  .  48 

liUfiMMi'dtrf  emperor,  deelaraUon  of  the  •  • 

aaltiwiot^  Mfetoantile  Mei— rJolj  taOmctM  tnm,    . 

Bdlton  McrcatitUe*  Memorial,  extracts  from, 

Britiah  importationa,  lav  limMiif  -  .  •  <<r<'< 

Baron,  commodore,  letter  IWm»  •  -'i.^. 

vSritiak  proolamatipn,  ordering  tbo  inpceaMMnt  of  British  i^eeta  on 

'  hoard  Americair  vessels,  ......  llf 

Berlin  Decree,  AVtwmter  31, 180f,  .  •  •'»>'  <'  ^-         t%i 

Baywd,  Jaoaes,  Esq.,  extract  ftmn  a  speech  of  •p»^t^  &■ «  951 

Beaton  banks,  abstract  ofthc  state  of  the  ^M  M/ «  308 

British  voTemment  biUs,  advertismneiit  of  the  sale  of,     '  '4*!»^'w  909 

Mockaite,  British  ddinitioK  of     .  .  «.iO  h<  .  359 

Oatlet  Hit.  report  of,  .  .  .  •  .     '^     .  73 

CSommtttee  or  Congress,  report  of,  73 

,  HBekmial  trade,  report  of  Kmg's  advocate  upon,    ...  83 

Uheaapeake,  pruoeedingareapeeting  titc  attack  upon  the        113, 113,  A4 
Cndg,  fSif  James,  his  instructions  to  John  Henry,  •  •  150 

.Cretuntials  from  Sir  James  Craig  to  John  Heni*y,  -  •  151 

Commercial  intercourse  with  OiMat  Britain  and  France,  act  to  interdict  165 
Copenhagen,  destruction  of,  Mr.  Hose's  account  of  the  360 

Conscription  of  MUitia,PBiuisylvania  lav  respecting  •  399 

Canning,  Mr.  George  instruction  of  to  Mr.  Erskine,         •  •  182 

CertiAoateofLietttenantB.  VanHoffhuM,  •  310 

>^I»iities  paid  by  the  different  states,  from  1791  to  1812,  •  987 

^'Bomestic  improvements,  tables  of  •  •  •  421 

'  Deposition  or  Isaac  Clark,  -  •  •  •  -  20U 

Deposition  of  Richard  Thompson,  >-  •  •        '   •  311 

Dainvs,  captain,  extract  from  the  defence  of       •  •  •  ibid. 

jDofiuments  on  the  subject  of  imprassment,  annexed  to  the  report  of  the    - 
committee  of  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,  230;  Deposition  of  J. 
Eldridge,  ibid.;  of  William  Parsons,  ibid.;  of  Caleb  Loring,  ibid;  of 
Moses  Townsend,  321;  of  Joseph  Mudge,  ibid;  of  Andrew  Haradci\, 
ibid.;  of  Josiah  Orne,  ibid.;  of  Nathaniel  Hooper,  ibid.;  of  B.  T. 
Reed,  ibid. 
Extract  of  a  letter  fW>m  Philadelphia,  puljlishcd  in  the  Londonderry 
Journal,  .......  230 

Extract  from  the  proceedings  of  the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,         245 
Extract  from  the  report  of  the  committee  recommending  a  declara- 
tion of  war,         -  -  -  -  "         -  -  -  ^'\6 

Exports  of  the  United  States,  foreign  and  domestic,  table  of  tlie  271,  280 

42A  foreign.  273;  domestic,  275,  424 
Embargo,  Pliiladelpltia  resolutions  against  -  -  140 

Enforcmg  law,  extracts  from        .....  140 

Erskine,  Hon.  David  M.,  letters  of  to  the  secretary  of  state,  170, 171 

Kxtract  frainthemomorial  ofthe  mcrchantnof  Sulcr^,  -  3u6 

11  3 


•m 


Vi9< 


DOCUMEKTAL  INDEX. 


Satmet  from  the  memorial  of  the  mavluaiU  of  Buhimoter  Hnd. 

Butnet  from  Iho  memorial  of  die  merohant*  of  Kow<h*Teii,  WAAt 

BMter,  Augoatiut  Ktq>»  «xtraot  qf « ImMr  from  350 

Qofenor  Giiawold,  extract  from  aft  MB^  of  v  ...  358 

SUrnan,  Gofenor,  extract  from  a  apefch  of        w  .  417 

OaerrinTC,  extract*  from  the  logbook  of  the       ...  311 

Ctorernor  of  Maaiachuietta,  his4lS|l^|.l^yll'r  B|adiaonr  *  177 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  letter  from,  to  col.  PiclEeringf,         .  .  78 

BUHknuo,  Bfr>)  extract  from  hia  apeech,  ...  MS 

■Mwy,  John,  letter*  from  .  151, 15%  153,  k/c. 

Hhmod,  letter  remeoting  the  capture  of  the       ...  119 

fciBi  in— iwt,  reaobiti^n  of  the  aenate  nfthCiVmlfed  8tatca»a0Mqit  4M 
iMuend  and  Iriahmen,  atrony  federal  tribute  to  .  i<a)><' 4i/k  •  >  SSf 
iHbnietiena  of  Mn  Madison  to  Mr.  BAiAroe,  ^  ')t.*ci-<:H  ,"f*  .run^  >  •  /  .  IMI 
luatnictiona  from  Timothy  Pickeriogb  Kaq<,  MCNtarjrofatate^tt  BufiM  >•,.  r 
'<Khig,Eiq.,         .  .  ..'       .m-.:,.'-    ,.     ...:.»:J,.. /•twlMftilM' 

Imdkaon,  Vranoia  Jamea,  Bnq.,  extract  of  %ktt«r;fiott  xiu..?^  mua  .  ,859 
Kottx,  General,  hia  plan  for  claaaifying  the  mUiilia»  '  •  '  •  -<MI| 
King»fUif»ft  Bag.,  iw^  of  thaifca  tolhna  te^ecta^tha  fla>iifrri<joa     f/ 

Letter  from  Secretary  of  atote  to  admiral  WMNft*.  •  •  .  ,  ^vivvM  >:  -Mf' 
L^yd,  Jaawa  Baq^  extract  ftwo  a  apt«ecb of-'  i-mwj .  jiiui  .^^towt  «i  SM- 
Letter  from  Mr.  Rusael,  to  lord  Caatte-eai^  ^    '       .         -ibidi 

Loana,  advertiaementa  of  Boston  broken,  iiwMoting         •  SQiSfc  303 

Legielature  of  Ohioi  their  declaration  tespectmg  the  war»  •  349 

lioydfjfamea,  Esq.,  extract  of  a  letter  from         •  •  !•  .^360 

lirerpool,  Lord,  letter  of  reapecttng  John  Heniy,  ^    ;       l(i8»>lA3  ' 

Ledd,lfiliphalet,  deposition  of       •  -  .  .  >  304 

Letter  Of  John  Quwcy  Adar  la,  Eaq.,  to  nertlaoB  G.  Otw,  Ea^,,  190^ 

Letter  from  Thomas  Jefferaoa»  seoretary  of  stafeei  to  Bufua  Kiagt.  Eeq.»  I98| 

r.    ,1W. 

Letter  from  Bofiia  King,  Esq.,  to  Timotiiy  Pickering,  aecretaiy  d'  •tat«,<  IM 

198, 30%  306 
Letter  from  Silrs  Talbot,  to  Timothy  KdMring,  Esq.,  secretMy  of  states  196 
Letter  from  Timothy  Pi,ckering^  aenetary  otiMbe,  to  Silaa  Talbot»  197 
Letter  from  John  Marshall,  Esq.,  aecretary  of  state,  to  Buiua  Uittgt 

Sm>,        -  *  •  •>       ,  •  .  •  30# 

LMter  from  Timothy  Pickering,  Esq.,  secretary  of  atate,  to  pseaidenf. 

Adams,  .  .  .  .  .  *  303 

Letter  from  Bei\jamin  Stoddard,  Esq.,  secretary  of  the  navy,  to  do.  303 
Letter  from  Oliver  Welcot,  Esq.,  to  dio.  •  •  *.         ibid. 

Letter  from  James  M'Henry,  Esq.,  secretary  at  war,  to  do.        *  ibid. 

Letter  from  CommodMe  Rodjers,  •  -  •  210 

Letter  from  Commodore  Porter  to  the  author  of  the  Olive  Branch,  ibid. 
Letter  tram  the  brother  of  an  impressed  seaman  killed  am  board  the 

Macedonian,  ......  3)l2 

Letter  from  John  Nichols,  .....  ibid. 

Letter  from  John  Davis,  of  Abel,  -  -313 

Letter  from  Commodore  Decatur  to  the  aecretary  of  the  navy,  313 

Letter  from  Captain  Capel  to  Commodore  Decatur,         •  •  314 

Letter  from  Commodore  Decatur  to  Captain  Capel,      .  .  -^  ^4i 

Liston's  Mr.  projet  respecting  deserters,  -  •  •  ,»       302 

Mttoroe  apd  Pickering,  extract  of  letter  from,       .  .  •  -  83 

Minor,  col.  report  of         .  .  -  .  .  •  ft 

Milan  Decree,  December  17,  1907,  .  .  .  •  133 

Militia,  extracts  from  state  constitutions  respecting  tlie  >  377 

Milkitt,  extracts  from  tbe  state  laws  respecting  tiie  •  -    _        379 

Militia,  extracts  from  the  betters  of  General  Washington  on  tb.e  subject 

of  - 389 


'A  ■;, 


OeCUMENTAL  INDEX. 


m 


ITdr-tuven  Wensintile  Memorial,  extniet»A«ii,  « 

Newbiur^rt  llercantUe  Memnrial,  Mtnoti  from, 

Not*  ofuie  BritUh  cominiMioncn,  appended  to  Mr.  Monrpe'a  treaty, 

Kew  York  Mercantile  Memorial,  estraeta  fton, 

New-York  Evening  Poat,  extract  ftorn  ... 

Kew. York  memorial,  recommending  an  embargo 

National  debt  of  the  United  SUtes,  taUea  of  &e  , 

Ordera  in  Council,  Nov.  1703, 

Ordera  in  council,  November  It,  180r,        •  -  .       . 

Otia,  Uarriaon  Gray,  Esq.,  extract  of  a  letter  from 

O'Brien,  Barnard,  certificate  reapecting  ... 

Ordera  in  Council  and  Decreea,  reaoluuon  reapecting  the 

Ordera  in  council,  evidence  reapecting  the  operation  of  the 

Philadelphia  Mercantile  Memorial,  extracta  ieora, 

Political  aermona,  extracta  from  •  •  '        . 

Plumar,  governor,  extract  fW>m  hia  apeeeh,  1813, 

Proclamation  inviting  to  a  violation  of  the  embargo, 


96 

ibid. 

48 

88 

SS8 

168 

43r 

81 

120 

3M 

314 

356 

.    350, 351  ~ 

90 

331,  323,  323 

348 

.138 

Preelamation  of  the  preaident  restoring  intercourse  with  Great  Britun,  173 

Population  of  the  United  Statea,  tablea  of  the  progreaa  of  the  438  - 

Pickering,  Mr.  Timothy,  extracta  from  hia  letters  reapecting  impreaa* 

ment,       .  .  .  .  .  .  -  .192 

Proclamation  interdicting  our  poi^  to  British  vessels  of  wur,  110 

Quincey,  Joaiah,  Esq.,  extract  from  a  speech  of,  on  a  dissolution  of  the 
union,        .,..  .  .  .  .  .  365 

Repeal  of  ordera  in  council,  extract  from  the,         ...  56 

Reaolution  of  the  senate  U.  Statea  agunat  the  rule  of  1756,  108 

Richard  Carter,  deposition  of       •  •  -  •  •  205 

Resolutions  of  the  Federal  Republicana  of  New.York,  .  309 

Randolph,  John,  resolutions  of,  in  favour  of  Mr.  Madison,  .  176 

Resolution  of  tiie  town  of  Gloueester  respecting  the  embargo,  146,  of 
Bath,  ibid.;  of  die  town  of  Boston,  147;  of  the  town  of  Topsfield,     ibid.j 
of  thetown  of  Augtista,  .....  148 

Rl^fttd,  H.  W.,  his  lettci-ato  John  Hemy,  .  •        150, 161^  163 

Report  of  Timothy  Pickering,  Esq.  secretary  of  state,  to  congreu,         304 
Bevenuea  of  the  United  Statea,  Ubles  of  the        •  .  .  435 

Reaolutiona  of  the  revolutionary  oongreas,  respecting  intercourse  wivh 
the  enemy,       .  ......  sio 

Silem  Mercantile  Memorial,  extracts  frjm.         ...  97 

Stansbury,  general,  report  of  .  73 

Section  law,  extract  fmm,  .  .  ^         .  *  45 

Speech  of  Henry  Brougham,  Esq.,  extract  from  a  -  -  348 

Senate  of  New-Hampshire,  extract  from  a  reply  of  •  <  417^ 

Senatu  of  Massachusetts,  their  declaration  respecting  the  war,  349 

Senate  of  Maryland,  their  declaration  respecting  the  war,  •  350 

Secretary  of  state's  letters  to  Hon.  D.  M.  Erkkine,  >  .  170 

Senate  and  house  of  representatives  of  Masaachusetts,  their  praise  of 
Mr.  Madison,        .......  177 

Statement  of  applications  on  the  subject  of  impressment,  to  the  Bri. 
tish  government,        ......        332, 363 

Transit  duties,  tariff*  of,  payable  by  American  vessels  -  133 

Tonnage  of  the  United  States,  from  1791  till  1812,  .  •  427 

Tbnnage  of  the  United  Statea  for  1809  and  1810,  table  of  -  385 

Van  Ness,  gen.  report  of  to  a  committee  of  Congresa  -  71 

Winder  gen.  report  of,      .  .  .  .  74 

Wasliington,  capture  of,  documents  respectiiiff,     .  .  .71..  72,  73 

Wstr  proceedings  m  c^ngrcif—yeas  and  nays,  -  -     '     .9.12 


